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What is ArcMap?
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What is ArcMap?
ArcGIS 10.8
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This section provides an introduction and overview to ArcMap, one of the central application used in ArcGIS Desktop.
ArcMap is where you display and explore GIS datasets for your study area, where you assign symbols, and where you
create map layouts for printing or publication. ArcMap is also the application you use to create and edit datasets.
ArcMap represents geographic information as a collection of layers and other elements in a map. Common map elements
include the data frame containing map layers for a given extent plus a scale bar, north arrow, title, descriptive text, a
symbol legend, and so on.
Typical tasks performed in ArcMap

ArcMap, along with ArcGIS Pro, is one of two primary desktop GIS application included in the ArcGIS Desktop suite. It
is used to perform a wide range of common GIS tasks as well as specialized, user-specific tasks. Here is a list of some
common workflows you can perform:
l Work with maps—You can open and use ArcMap documents to explore information, navigate around your map
documents, turn layers on and off, query features to access the rich attribute data that is behind the map, and to
visualize geographic information.
l Print maps—You can print maps, from the simplest to very sophisticated cartography, using ArcMap.
l Compile and edit GIS datasets—ArcMap provides one of the primary ways that users automate geodatabase
datasets. ArcMap supports scalable full-function editing. You select layers in the map document to edit and the
new and updated features are saved in the layer's dataset.
l Use geoprocessing to automate work and perform analysis—GIS is both visual and analytical. ArcMap has
the ability to execute any geoprocessing model or script as well as to view and work with the results through map
visualization. Geoprocessing can be used for analysis as well as to automate many mundane tasks such as map
book generation, repairing broken data links in a collection of map documents, and to perform GIS data
processing.
l Organize and manage your geodatabases and ArcGIS documents—ArcMap includes the Catalog window
that enables you to organize all of your GIS datasets and geodatabases, your map documents and other ArcGIS
files, your geoprocessing tools, and many other GIS information sets. You can also set up and manage
geodatabase schemas in the Catalog window.
l Publish map documents as map services—ArcGIS content is brought to life on the web by publishing
geographic information as a series of map services. ArcMap provides a simple user experience for publishing your
map documents as map services using ArcGIS Server or ArcGIS Online.
l Share maps, layers, geoprocessing models, and geodatabases with other users—ArcMap includes tools
that make it easy to package and share GIS datasets with other users. This includes the ability to share your GIS
maps and data using either Portal for ArcGIS or ArcGIS Online.
l Document your geographic information—A key goal in GIS communities is to describe your geographic
information sets to help you document your projects and for more effective search and data sharing. Using the
Catalog window, you can document all of your GIS contents. For organizations who use standards-based
metadata, you can also document your datasets using the ArcGIS metadata editor.
l Customize the user experience—ArcMap includes tools for customization, including the ability to write software
add-ins to add new functionality, to simplify and streamline the user interface, and to use geoprocessing for task
automation.
Getting started with ArcMap

To begin learning and using ArcMap, start with A quick tour of ArcMap.
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A quick tour of ArcMap
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ArcMap represents geographic information as a collection of layers and other elements in a map view. There are two
primary map views in ArcMap: the data view and the layout view.
The data frame provides a geographic window, or map frame, in which you can display and work with geographic
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What is ArcMap? Page 2 of 59
information as a series of map layers. The layout view provides a page view where map elements (such as the data
frame, a scale bar, and a map title) are arranged on a page for map printing.
ArcMap documents
When you save a map you have created in ArcMap, it will be saved as a file on disk. This is an ArcMap document and
is referred to as a map document or mxd since the file name extension (.mxd) is automatically appended to your map
document name. You can work with an existing .mxd file by double-clicking the document to open it. This will start an
ArcMap session for that .mxd file.
Map documents contain display properties of the geographic information that you work with in the map—such as the
properties and definitions of your map layers, data frames, and the map layout for printing—plus any optional
customizations and macros that you add to your map.
Views in ArcMap
ArcMap displays map contents in one of two views:
l Data view
l Layout view
Each view lets you look at and interact with the map in a specific way.
In ArcMap data view, the map is the data frame. The active data frame is presented as a geographic window in which
map layers are displayed and used. Within a data frame, you work with GIS information presented through map layers
using geographic (real-world) coordinates. These will typically be ground measurements in units such as feet, meters,
or measures of latitude-longitude (such as decimal degrees). The data view hides all the map elements on the layout,
such as titles, north arrows, and scale bars, and lets you focus on the data in a single data frame, for instance, editing
or analysis.
Learn more about using data frames

When you're preparing your map's layout, you'll want to work with your map in page layout view. A page layout is a
collection of map elements (such as a data frame, map title, scale bar, north arrow, and a symbol legend) arranged on
a page. Layouts are used for composing maps for printing or export to formats such as Adobe PDF.
The Layout view is used to design and author a map for printing, exporting, or publishing. You can manage map
elements within the page space (typically, in inches or centimeters), add new map elements, and preview what your
map will look like before exporting or printing it. Common map elements include data frames with map layers, scale
bars, north arrows, symbol legends, map titles, text, and other graphic elements.
Learn more about page layouts
Map layers
Within the data frame, you display geographic datasets as layers, where each layer represents a particular dataset
overlaid in the map. Map layers help convey information through:
l Discrete feature classes such as collections of points, lines, and polygons
l Continuous surfaces, such as elevation, which can be represented in a number of ways—for example, as a
collection of contour lines and elevation points or as shaded relief
l Aerial photography or satellite imagery that covers the map extent
Example map layers include streams and lakes, terrain, roads, political boundaries, parcels, building footprints, utility
lines, and orthophoto imagery.
In addition to representing geographic information, each layer's map symbols, colors, and labels help describe the
objects in the map. You can interact with the layers displayed in each data frame to query each feature and see its
attributes, perform analytical operations, and to edit and add new features to each dataset.
A layer doesn't store the actual geographic data. Instead, it references a dataset, such as a feature class, an image, a
raster, and so on. Referencing data in this way allows the layers on a map to automatically reflect the most up-to-date
information in your GIS database.
In ArcMap, you specify properties for each map layer, such as its map symbols and labeling rules, by right-clicking the
layer in the table of contents and clicking Properties or by double-clicking on the layer name.
Learn more about map layers
The Table of Contents window

The Table of Contents window lists all the layers on the map and shows what the features in each layer represent. The
check box next to each layer indicates whether its display is currently turned on or off. The order of layers within the
Table of Contents window specifies their drawing order in the data frame.
The map's table of contents helps you manage the display order of map layers and symbol assignment, as well as to
set the display and other properties of each map layer.
A typical map might have an image or a terrain base (such as shaded relief or elevation contours) near the bottom.
Above that layer are a basemap; polygon, line, and point features; and annotation and other reference information.
Learn more about using the table of contents
Page layouts
A page layout is the arrangement of map elements and their overall design on a printed page or a digital map display.
It is one of the primary display views that you work with in ArcMap—primarily to create maps for printing or for export
and sharing using PDF.
Example map elements include a title, legend, north arrow, scale bar, and a data frame.
You can have more than one data frame in a map. This is often useful for map pages that contain multiple windows in
your layouts (for example, to include a locator or index map that references the location of the primary data frame).
Learn more about page layouts
Saving and opening a map document

When you save a map you have created in ArcMap, it will be saved as a file on disk. A file name extension (.mxd) will
be automatically appended to your map document name. In later sessions, you can work with an existing .mxd file by
double-clicking the document to open it. This will start an ArcMap session for that .mxd file.
The Catalog
ArcMap, ArcGlobe, and ArcScene include a Catalog window that is used to organize and manage various types of
geographic information as logical collections—for example, the data, maps, and results of your current GIS projects
that you work with in ArcGIS.
The Catalog window provides a tree view of file folders and geodatabases. File folders are used to organize your
ArcGIS documents and files. Geodatabases are used to organize your GIS datasets.
Learn more about the Catalog window
The Home folder for a map

One of the key workspaces in ArcMap is each map document's home folder, which is the folder location where your
map document is stored. The Home folder is used by default in ArcMap to save results, store new datasets, and to
access file-based information.
Learn more about the Home folder
The default geodatabase for a map

Each map document has a default geodatabase, which is the home location for the spatial content of your map. This
location is used for adding datasets and for saving resulting datasets created by various editing and geoprocessing
operations.
Learn more about the default geodatabase
Using search in ArcMap

ArcGIS includes the ability to search for GIS content and to put it work quickly—for example, by adding a search result
to your map or by inserting a result item into a geoprocessing operation.
Learn more about using search in ArcGIS
Essential ArcMap vocabulary
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Map document (.mxd)

A map used in ArcMap that is stored as a file on disk. Each map document contains the specifications for the map
layers, the page layout, and all other map properties. Map documents make it easy to save, reuse, and share your
work in ArcMap. Double-clicking a map document opens it as a new ArcMap session.
Layer
A map layer defines how a GIS dataset is symbolized and labeled (i.e., portrayed) in your map views. Each layer
represents geographic data in ArcMap such as a particular theme of data. Example map layers include streams and
lakes, terrain, roads, political boundaries, parcels, building footprints, utility lines, and orthophoto imagery.
Table of contents
The table of contents lists all the layers on the map and shows what the features in each layer represent. The check
box next to each layer indicates whether its display is currently turned on or off. The order of layers within the table of
contents specifies their drawing order in the data frame from bottom to top.
The map's table of contents helps you manage the display order of map layers and symbol assignment, as well as to
set the display and other properties of each map layer.
Data frame
The data frame displays a collection of layers drawn in a particular order for a given map extent and map projection.
The table of contents on the left side of the map window shows the list of layers in the data frame.
Page layouts
A layout is a collection of map elements laid out and organized on a page. Common map elements include one or more
data frames (each containing an ordered set of map layers), a scale bar, north arrow, map title, descriptive text, and a
symbol legend.
The Catalog Window

ArcMap, ArcGlobe, and ArcScene include a Catalog window that is used to organize and manage various types of
geographic information as logical collections—for example, the data, maps, and results of your current GIS projects
that you work with in ArcGIS.
The Catalog window provides a tree view of file folders and geodatabases. File folders are used to organize your
ArcGIS documents and files. Geodatabases are used to organize your GIS datasets.
Labels
Labels are text strings that are used to label features within map layers. Properties define the attribute column used
as the source of the text string and how the label is portrayed in your map. Labels are dynamic—Label display is
recomputed each time the map is redrawn (e.g., as you pan and zoom the map).
Annotation
Annotation is used to represent feature labels that are saved as graphic feature locations in the geodatabase. The text
location is saved along with other text properties for each annotation feature. Annotation differs from labels because
each annotation location and depiction is only computed once and saved. These are reused each time you redraw your
map. Since the annotation position is preset, no label computation need be done each time the map is redrawn.
Symbols
Symbols are graphic elements that are used in map displays. There are a number of symbol types, such as:
l Markers which are primarily used to display point locations
l Line symbols used to display linear features and boundaries
l Fill symbols used to fill in polygons
l Text symbols used to set the font, size, color, and other text properties.
Styles
A style is a collection of symbols, colors, and map elements that match a theme or application domain—for example, a
style set for transportation maps or geology maps.
Basemap layers
A basemap is used for locational reference and provides a framework on which users overlay or mashup their
operational layers, perform tasks, and visualize geographic information. In ArcMap, a basemap layer can be used to
hold map layers that are more static and thus can be used to support high performance, dynamic map display.
What's new in ArcMap
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ArcMap 10.8 introduces new features and capabilities in mapping, geoprocessing, and publishing.
To see the latest information on what's new, see this topic in the ArcMap web help.
For information on bugs that were fixed, see the 10.8 issues addressed list.
Geoprocessing
The following new and improved functionality is available in geoprocessing tools in ArcMap 10.8:
Cartography toolbox
l You can now choose to partition data based on vertex count in addition to the previously available method of
feature count in the Create Cartographic Partitions geoprocessing tool. With the Partition Method parameter set
to Vertices, partitioning is dictated by the number and density of vertices rather than the number of features.
Use this method when input data contains a relatively small number of very complex features, like high-
resolution country polygons, or where very long features are likely to cross multiple partition boundaries, like
contour lines.
l The Simplify Building tool has a new parameter called Input barrier layers. Use this parameter to identify one or
more layers that contain features that must not but crossed by simplified lines. Barrier features can be points,
lines, or polygons.
l The Smooth Line and Smooth Polygon tools have a parameter called Handling Topographical Errors that was
previously hidden from the tools' interface. This parameter specifies how topological errors, possibly introduced
by processing are handled. The parameter was available previously only through scripting for legacy
compatibility, and was ignored. The parameter is fully functional in this release, and proves a new, third option
to resolve the errors in addition to just flagging them.
Spatial Analyst toolbox

In the Distance toolset for ArcMap 10.8, the Cost Path and Cost Path As Polyline tools have been updated with a
new parameter, Force flow direction convention for backlink raster. When checked, this parameter forces the tool
to treat the input backlink raster as a flow direction raster. Flow direction rasters can have integer with values from
0—255.
Data
The following functionality changes have been made to data management in ArcMap 10.8:
Publishing
When you author a map to publish a feature service, the field order you define is now preserved when you publish
the feature service to a GIS Server.
Databases and geodatabases

l ArcGIS now supports Oracle 19c.
l Support for IBM Db2 V12 for z/OS is added in ArcGIS 10.8.
l The Desktop and Workgroup database server setup files that you download from My Esri now include Microsoft
SQL Server 2017 Express. This is a 64-bit installation, as ArcGIS no longer supports 32-bit installations of SQL
Server Express. If you still have a 32-bit SQL Server Express instance, you can detach and attach databases or
backup and restore them to move geodatabases from a 32-bit SQL Server Express instance database server to a
64-bit SQL Server Express instance database server.
Mapping
l An unknown coordinate system warning message now appears when data is added to the project without a
projection defined. Similarly, a transformation warning message now appears whenever the data is automatically
transformed to the geographic coordinate system of the map or scene.
l Three new map projections have been added.
n The Adams square II projection depicts the world in a square. It is a conformal map projection, except in
the four corners of the square. The projection was developed by Oscar S. Adams in 1925. In his original
design, the projection displays the equator and central meridian as diagonals of the square in a diamond
orientation. The Esri implementation of this projection maintains its conformal property on ellipsoids such
as WGS 1984.
The Adams square II projection is shown here in normal aspect.
Adams Square II can also be configured into a form that is almost identical to the Spilhaus's world ocean
map.
The Adams square II projection with Spilhaus's configuration is shown here.
n Tobler cylindrical I and Tobler cylindrical II are two compromise cylindrical map projections. They were
developed and introduced by Waldo Tobler in 1997 as alternatives to the Miller cylindrical projection. These
projections were implemented in ArcGIS as the 100th and 101st map projection algorithms in Waldo
Tobler's honor.
The Tobler cylindrical I map projection is shown here.
The Tobler cylindrical II map projection is shown here.
l Help topics have been added for all map projections supported in ArcGIS. See the list here: List of supported map
projections. Click the links to open each topic.
ArcGIS tutorials
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This topic provides a set of links to a collection of various ArcGIS tutorials used to perform a number of common tasks in
ArcGIS. Find the tutorial that you would like to work through by clicking the links in the tables below.
To work through the ArcGIS Desktop tutorials, you need to install the tutorial data from the ArcGIS Desktop Tutorial Data
setup, which is part of the ArcGIS Desktop installation download or media. If the tutorial data has been installed on your
system, look for it in C:\arcgis\ArcTutor (the default installation location). In many cases, you will need write access to
that location to perform the tutorial.
Keep in mind that these tutorials are only a starting point for you to learn about ArcGIS. You can find real-world tutorials
that teach you the entire ArcGIS Platform, at the Learn ArcGIS website.
ArcGIS Desktop application tutorials

Tutorial Description Link
Editing In this tutorial, you'll learn the basics of the Introduction to the Editing tutorial
editing environment in ArcMap, including
creating new features on the map; updating
attribute values; utilizing snapping while
editing, creating, and editing annotation; using
topology to maintain spatial integrity; and
performing spatial adjustments on your data.
Editing parcel In this tutorial, you will learn how to create, Getting started with parcel fabric editing
fabrics manage, and edit a parcel fabric. An ArcGIS
Desktop Standard or Desktop Advanced license
is required to complete the tutorial.
Finding a route In this tutorial, you'll be introduced to the Find About the Find Route tutorial
Route dialog box. The tutorial provides step-
by-step instructions on how to use the route-
finding functionality that it offers.
Geocoding In this tutorial, you'll learn how to create and About the Geocoding tutorial
manage address locators and how to use them
to find the location of an individual address or
table of addresses.
Geoprocessing In this tutorial, you'll learn how to create A quick tour of the geoprocessing service
service geoprocessing services for ArcGIS Server. examples
examples
Linear In this tutorial, you'll learn how to create, An overview of the linear referencing
referencing manage, display, query, and analyze data tutorial
whose relative position has been modeled
along a linear feature.
Maplex Label In this tutorial, you'll learn how to design and Introduction to the Maplex Label Engine
Engine create publication-quality cartographic labels tutorial
for maps using the Maplex Label Engine.
ModelBuilder— In this tutorial, you'll learn how to use Executing tools in ModelBuilder tutorial
Executing tools ModelBuilder to execute a sequence of tools.
ModelBuilder— In this tutorial, you'll learn how to create a Creating tools with ModelBuilder tutorial
Creating tools useful tool from a model. The model can then
be run using its dialog box.
NetCDF In this tutorial, you'll learn how to create a About the netCDF tutorial
raster layer from a netCDF file, change the
display, and analyze temporal temperature
data.
Rasters and In this tutorial, there are exercises to help you Introduction to the ArcGIS raster tutorial
images learn how to build mosaic datasets, the
decisions you need to consider for your data,
and the uses of the mosaic dataset.
Representations In this tutorial, you will be introduced to Representations tutorial overview

representations that allow you to symbolize
geographic features with a set of rules that are
stored with your data in the geodatabase.
Representation rules can create and draw
dynamic geometry that differs from the feature
shape, allowing a complex depiction of
features without impacting the spatial integrity
of your data. Representations provide greater
control over the precision and definition of the
symbolization of your data. An ArcGIS Desktop
Standard or Desktop Advanced license is
required to complete the tutorial.
ArcGIS Desktop extension tutorials

Tutorial Description Link
ArcScan for In this tutorial, you'll learn how to generate ArcScan tutorial: Interactive vectorization
ArcGIS vector data from rasters, including how to use
the cell selection and raster snapping tools,
perform simple raster editing and automatic
vectorization, and interactively trace raster
cells.
Data In this tutorial, you will learn how to directly About the Data Interoperability extension
Interoperability read and analyze the additional data formats tutorial
supported by Data Interoperability; translate
data between various formats using Quick
Import and Quick Export tools; transform data
schemas using Custom Import, Custom Export,
and Custom Formats; and incorporate all these
functions into your geoprocessing models.
Geostatistical In this tutorial, you'll learn how to represent Introduction to the ArcGIS Geostatistical
Analyst and explore data and detect trends and Analyst tutorial
directional influences, perform diagnostic tests,
evaluate and model spatial autocorrelation,
build interpolation models using ordinary and
indicator kriging, compare the results of these
models, and create maps using the output
surfaces.
ArcGIS In this tutorial, you'll learn how to create About the Network Analyst tutorial
Network network datasets and use them to find routes, exercises
Analyst find closest features on a network, calculate
extension service areas and origin-destination cost
matrices, solve location-allocation and vehicle
routing problems, and build a model for route
analysis.
Schematics The Schematics in ArcMap tutorials are a good Schematics tutorials

starting point for learning about the ArcGIS
Schematics extension, which provides
simplified representations of networks
intended to explain their structure and make
the way they operate understandable. The
Schematics configuration tutorials focus on
Schematics configuration using Schematic
Dataset Editor.
ArcGIS Spatial In this tutorial, you'll learn how to prepare, About the Spatial Analyst tutorial
Analyst query, and analyze both feature and raster
extension data. You will perform a suitability analysis and
a cost distance analysis and make a site
selection.
ArcGIS In this tutorial, you'll learn how ArcGIS Tracking Analyst tutorial exercises
Tracking Tracking Analyst can be used to analyze the
Analyst movement of hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean.
The tutorial will introduce you to several
features Tracking Analyst provides for
symbolizing, visualizing, and analyzing
temporal data.
About configuring the user interface
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The ArcGIS Desktop applications have a default graphic user interface (GUI). You can alter the way the desktop
application's GUI appears, and you can expose functionality that has been developed to extend the functionality of the
desktop applications.
When you first open a Desktop application, such as ArcMap, there is a set of menus, toolbars, and dockable windows that
is visible. You may want the ArcMap interface to reflect your own preferences and the way you work. All the Desktop
applications share the same robust configuration model that includes the following capabilities:
l Position toolbars and windows in a specific area of the application
l Showing and hiding certain dockable windows
l Grouping commands in a way that works best for you
l Removing unused commands from toolbars
l Adding or altering a command's shortcut key
l Changing a command's icon or description to make it more familiar
These tasks are completed via simple drag-and-drop operations inside the applications. None of these tasks requires any
special permission, and all are easy to accomplish, requiring no coding. In addition, these configuration changes are
automatically saved; the next time you open ArcMap, for example, the layout of the GUI will remain how you previously
configured it.
Using the Customize dialog box

The principal way to tailor an application to suit your needs is to use the Customize dialog box. Click Customize on the
main menu, and click Customize Mode to open the Customize dialog box.
Opening the Customize dialog box puts you in customize mode, which offers the following capabilities:
l Hide and show toolbars.
l Create a custom toolbar or menu.
l Change toolbar and menu constituents.
l Change a command's appearance.
l Create and modify shortcut keys.
l Set advanced options.
The screen capture below shows the Customize dialog box in ArcMap.
Changing your application's appearance back to the factory settings

Configuration changes are saved in Normal template documents; for example, ArcMap keeps its changes in
Normal.mxt. If you customize an application and later decide you would like to reset it to its original settings, delete
the application's Normal template file. Upon startup, the desktop applications will regenerate their Normal template if
they are missing.
Accessing the Normal template files

The Normal template files for the ArcGIS Desktop applications are located in your user profile in an application
profile folder. The location depends on your operating system. In Windows 10, the ArcMap Normal template is
located in your user profile at AppData\Roaming\Esri\Desktop10.x\ArcMap\Templates.
The Normal template file names are:
l Normal.mxt for ArcMap
l Normal.gxt for ArcCatalog
l Normal.3dt for ArcGlobe
l Normal.sxt for ArcScene
Tip: The application profile folder may be hidden. A good way to locate the Normal
template files is to type the environment variable %APPDATA% (including the
percent symbols) in the Windows Explorer search box. This opens the folder
that contains the Esri application profile folder (regardless of your Windows
version, and regardless of whether or not hidden files and folders are shown).
From the Esri folder you can browse to the Normal template file you want to
delete.
Related topics
Basic user interface elements
Fundamentals of saving your customizations
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Many of Esri's applications, including ArcMap, ArcGlobe, ArcScene, and ArcGIS Publisher, have a Main menu and Standard
toolbar that appear by default. Both are referred to as toolbars, although the Main menu toolbar contains menus only.
The Main menu and Standard toolbar
Additional toolbars are available for use when you are performing a particular task. Any toolbar can be docked at the
top or bottom or to the left or right side of the applications. Alternatively, toolbars can float on the desktop while
functioning as part of the application. When you dock a toolbar, it is moved and resized with the application's window.
About toolbars and commands

Toolbars can contain different types of commands—buttons, tools, tool palettes, combo boxes, edit boxes, and menus.
Each command has code associated with it, whether it's core to the application or something you've created yourself.
All commands generally execute in the same manner, although you use each type differently when interacting with the
application.
Types of commands
You'll work with different types of commands:
l Buttons execute a specific task when you click them.
l Tools are similar to buttons except they allow you to interact with the display before an action is performed. For
example, the Zoom In tool allows you to drag a rectangle over a map to specify the new extent.
l A tool palette presents a collection of related tools.
l Combo boxes allow you to choose an option from a drop-down list. For example, in ArcMap, a combo box is used
to specify the map scale.
l Text boxes or edit boxes allow you to type in text.
l Menus present a list of commands. A context menu is a floating menu that pops up at the location of the pointer
when you right-click.
Related topics
A quick tour of ArcMap
Hiding and showing toolbars
Adding a command to a toolbar or the main menu
Assigning a shortcut key
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In addition to the Main menu and the Standard toolbar, many Desktop applications, such as ArcMap, ArcGlobe, ArcScene,
and ArcGIS Publisher, have other toolbars that contain commands to help you perform a group of related tasks.
Toolbars are easily repositioned by dragging them to your desired location. Toolbars can either float on the desktop or
dock along the outer edges of the application. You don't need to be in customize mode to move a toolbar.
Toolbar visibility and position information are stored in the Normal template by default. Therefore, all documents that are
based on the Normal template—the default—experience the same toolbar layout. Toolbar information is automatically
maintained, and the toolbar layout from the previous session is fully restored after you restart the application.
Steps:
1. Click Customize on the main menu and point to Toolbars.

2. Check a toolbar to show it.
3. Optionally, uncheck a toolbar to hide it.
Note: You can access the toolbars list without using the Customize menu. Simply right-
click anywhere in the toolbar docking area at the top of the application or directly on
a toolbar.
Tip: To quickly hide a floating toolbar, click its Close button.
Related topics
Toggling toolbars from the Customize dialog box
Creating a new toolbar
Using Extensions in ArcGIS
Toggling toolbars from the Customize dialog box
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All the Desktop applications allow you to hide or show toolbars from the toolbars list on the Customize dialog box. A
check mark next to the toolbar name indicates that it's visible. After checking a toolbar in the list on for the first time, the
application displays it as a floating toolbar on the desktop; if the toolbar was previously turned on, it returns to its last
position.
Steps:
1. Click the Customize menu and click Customize Mode.
2. Click the Toolbars tab.
3. Check a toolbar to show it.
4. Uncheck a toolbar to hide it.

5. Click Close.
Related topics
Using Extensions in ArcGIS
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Although the Desktop applications ship with many toolbars, you may want to create new toolbars to better organize
commands that you often use together or to contain buttons that run your custom programs.
When you create a custom toolbar—in ArcMap, for example—it will save with the current map document by default. If
you want to save a toolbar in the Normal template so that all documents see it, uncheck the Create new toolbars and
menus in document check box on the Options tab on the Customize dialog box. If you save it within the .mxd, it is only
available when you use that .mxd file.
Steps:
2. In the Customize dialog box, click the Toolbars tab.
3. Click New.
4. Type the name of your new toolbar.
5. Click OK.
The new, empty toolbar docks in the toolbar area at the top of the application, and an entry for it appears in
the Toolbars list.
6. Click Close.
Related topics
Renaming a toolbar
Deleting a toolbar
Renaming a toolbar
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You can rename custom toolbars (ones created with the New button on the Customize dialog box), but you can't rename
the toolbars that are core to the applications.
Steps:
2. Click the Toolbars tab.
3. Click the toolbar you want to rename.
4. Click Rename.
5. Type the name of your toolbar.
6. Click OK.
7. Click Close.
Related topics
Deleting a toolbar
Deleting a toolbar
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You can only delete custom toolbars (ones created with the New button on the Customize dialog box); you can't delete
toolbars that are core to the applications.
Steps:
2. Click the Toolbars tab on the Customize dialog box.
3. Click the custom toolbar you want to delete.
4. Click Delete.
The toolbar is removed from the Toolbars list.
5. Click Close.
Related topics
Renaming a toolbar
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You can modify the contents of any toolbar or menu by adding, moving, and removing commands. After modifying a core
toolbar, you can always return it to its original contents; you might want to do this if you accidentally remove a command
from the toolbar.
Steps:
1. Make sure the target toolbar is visible.

3. Click the Commands tab.
4. Click the category that contains the command you want to add.
5. Click the command you want to add.
6. Drag the command you want to add to any location on the target toolbar.
You can also drag the command over a menu button on the main menu. Once the menu opens, drop the
command at the desired location within that menu.
7. Repeat steps 5 through 7 until all the commands you want are added.
8. Click Close on the Customize dialog box.
Tip: The list of commands can be filtered by entering a search string in the Show
commands containing edit box. The search is case insensitive, and only commands
with matching captions are listed. The category list changes based on the
matching commands. Note that the Menus and New Menu categories are always
listed. To cancel filtering, leave the Show commands containing edit box empty
and delete any blank space.
Note: Certain commands, such as the Map Scale combo-box and the Line Color selection
palette, can only be added once in the user interface. However, you can always
move these commands to new positions.
Moving a command on a toolbar
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You can modify the contents of any toolbar or menu by adding, moving, and removing commands. After modifying a core
toolbar, you can always return it to its original contents; you might want to do this if you accidentally remove a command
from the toolbar.
Steps:
1. Make sure the toolbar you want to update is visible.
2. If you're moving the command from one toolbar to another, make sure the destination toolbar is visible as
well.
4. Drag the command to its new position and drop it.
The command appears in the new position.
Related topics
Removing a command from a toolbar
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When you remove a command from a toolbar, you're not permanently deleting it—you're just removing it from that
toolbar. The command still appears in the Commands list on the Customize dialog box, and it may still exist on another
toolbar. Later, you can always add the command to the same toolbar or a different one.
Steps:
1. Make sure the toolbar containing the command that you want to remove is visible.
3. Drag the command you want to remove from the toolbar to the display area.
For example, drag the command to your desktop. The mouse pointer changes to a line through a circle and
the command will be deleted from the toolbar.
Related topics
Adding a new, empty menu to a toolbar
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All menus on the Main menu and their commands have an underlined character called an access key in their caption. The
access key allows you to access the menu from the keyboard by holding down the Alt key and pressing the underlined
letter. To create an access key, place an ampersand (&) in front of a letter in the menu's (or the command's) caption.
Steps:
1. Make sure the toolbar you want to customize is visible.
3. Click the Commands tab in the Customize dialog box.
4. Click [New Menu] in the Categories list.
5. Click and drag the New Menu command from the Commands list and drop it on the toolbar.
An empty menu, New Menu, appears on the toolbar.
6. Right-click New Menu on the toolbar.
7. Type an appropriate caption for the menu in the text box.
8. Press Enter.
Related topics
Adding a command to a shortcut menu
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Steps:
2. Click the Toolbars tab in the Customize dialog box.
3. Check the Context Menus toolbar.
4. Click Context Menus on the Context Menus toolbar.
A list of all the shortcut (context) menus in the application appears.
5. Click the menu name to which you want to add a command.
All the shortcut menu's and their commands are listed.
6. Click the Commands tab on the Customize dialog box.

7. Click the category that contains the command you want to add to the menu.
The list of commands can be filtered by entering a search string in the Show commands containing edit box.
The search is case insensitive, and only commands with matching captions will be listed. The category list
changes based on the matching commands. Note that the Macros, Menus, New Menu, and UIControls
categories are always listed. To cancel filtering, leave the box empty and delete any blank space.
8. Click and drag the command from the Commands list and drop it on the shortcut menu.
The command appears on the shortcut menu.
Related topics
Grouping commands on a toolbar
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Displaying the Customize dialog box places the application in a state in which you can make changes to the properties of
interface elements (such as adding or deleting a tool). Therefore, even though you don't make use of this dialog box in
an operation, such as grouping commands, it must be displayed.
Steps:
1. Click Customize, point to Toolbars, then check to show the toolbar containing the commands that you want to
group together.
3. On the toolbar, right-click the command located to the right of where the grouping bar should be placed and
click Begin a Group.
A separator appears on the toolbar before the selected command.
Related topics
Resetting a built-in toolbar
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You can reset the toolbars that are core to the applications, but you can't reset custom toolbars (ones created with the
New button on the Customize dialog box).
Steps:
2. Click the Toolbars tab in the Customize dialog box.
3. Click the toolbar that you want to reset.
4. Click Reset.
5. Click OK.
6. Click Close.
Related topics
Changing the display type of a command
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You can modify the display type, caption, or image of a command without programming. By default, a command dropped
directly onto a toolbar has the display type Image Only, while it has the display type Image and Text when dropped onto
a menu. Menu headings can only have the display type Text Only.
Other command properties, such as ToolTip and Message, can only be modified with programming. When you hold the
mouse pointer over a command, its ToolTip displays as a short message in a floating yellow box. A command's message
displays on the status bar.
Steps:
1. Make sure the toolbar containing the command whose display type you want to change is visible.
3. On the toolbar, right-click the command you want to change.
4. Click Default Style to display only the command's image.
5. Click Text Only to display only the command's caption.
6. Click Image and Text to display both its image and its caption.
Related topics
Changing the caption of a command
Changing the image representing a command
Resetting a core command on a toolbar
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Note: The caption will not be seen for buttons and tools if the display type is Default
Style.
Tip: Menus and their contents can be accessed from the keyboard by holding down the
Alt key and pressing the underlined letter (the access key). Create one of these
access keys by typing an ampersand (&) in front of a letter in the caption.
Steps:
1. Make sure the toolbar containing the command whose caption you want to change is visible.
3. On the toolbar, right-click the command you want to change.
4. Click Name on the shortcut menu and type a new caption in the text box.
5. Press Enter.
The new caption is applied.
Related topics
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Steps:
1. Make sure the toolbar containing the command whose image you want to change is visible.
3. On the toolbar, right-click the command you want to change, click Change Button Image, then click one of the
images displayed.
4. Alternatively, right-click the command you want to change, click Browse for Image, navigate to a custom
image, then click Open.
The new image is applied. It appears on the toolbar if the display type is Image Only or Image and Text.
Related topics
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Note: You can reset commands that are core to the applications only.
Steps:
1. Make sure the toolbar with the command you want to reset is visible.
3. On the toolbar, right-click the command you want to change and click Reset.
The command returns to its default settings.
Related topics
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When you access a menu from the keyboard using its access key, the menu opens, and you can see its contents. In
contrast, a command's shortcut key executes the command directly without having to open and navigate the menu first.
For example, Ctrl+C is a well-known shortcut for copying something in Windows.
One command can have many shortcuts assigned to it, but each shortcut can only be assigned to one command. A
command's first shortcut is displayed to its right if the command appears in a menu.
Steps:
2. Click the Keyboard button on the customize dialog box.
3. Click the category containing the command you want to modify.
4. Click the command to which you want to add a keyboard shortcut.
5. Click in the Press new shortcut key text box and press the keys on the keyboard that you want to use for a
shortcut.
For example, for Ctrl+Q, do not type CTRL;, press the Ctrl key and the Q key at the same time.
If those keys have been assigned to another command, that command's name will appear below.
6. Click Assign if the keys aren't currently assigned to another command.
The new shortcut appears in the Current Key/s list.
Note: If the shortcut key you typed for the selected command is currently
assigned to a different command and you press the Assign button, the
original command/key assignment will be overridden. When you use that
shortcut key, your command will get executed instead of the command to
which this shortcut was previously assigned.
7. Click Close on the Customize Keyboard dialog box.

Note: The list of commands can be filtered by entering a search string in the Show
commands containing edit box. The search is case insensitive, and only commands
with matching captions will be listed. The category list changes based on the
matching commands. Note that the Menus and New Menu categories are always
listed. To cancel filtering, leave the box empty and delete any blank space.
Related topics
Keyboard shortcuts in ArcMap
Removing a shortcut key
Resetting built-in shortcut keys
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Steps:
2. Click the Keyboard button.
The Customize Keyboard dialog box opens.
3. Click the category that contains the command you want to modify.
4. Click the command from which you want to remove a keyboard shortcut.
5. Click the shortcut in the Current Key/s list that you want to delete.
6. Click Remove.
7. Click Close on the Customize Keyboard dialog box.
Related topics
Locate topic
Steps:
2. Click the Keyboard button on the Customize dialog box.
3. Click Reset All.
4. Click Yes when asked if you want to reset your shortcuts.
5. Click Close in the Customize Keyboard dialog box.
6. Click Close in the Customize dialog box.
Related topics
Displaying toolbars with large icons
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The Options tab on the Customize dialog box allows you to specify the size of icons—normal or large—on commands and
whether tool tips will appear when you pause over a command.
Steps:
2. Click the Options tab.
3. Check Large icons to display large icons for a toolbar's buttons.
4. Click Close.
Related topics
Showing tooltips on toolbars
Showing tooltips on toolbars
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The Options tab on the Customize dialog box allows you to specify the size of icons—normal or large—on commands and
whether tool tips will appear when you pause over a command.
Steps:
3. Check Show Tooltips on toolbars to display Tooltips for the buttons on a toolbar.
4. Click Close.
Related topics
Displaying toolbars with large icons
Locking customizations
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Once you've created a document with customized toolbars and menus, you can lock the document with a password to
restrict any further customizations. When a lock has been applied to a document, you cannot access the Customize dialog
box or any VBA functionality (when a license is available) without knowing the password to first unlock the document.
Note that when a document is locked, you can still reposition toolbars as well as toggle their visibility but you won't be
able to create a new toolbar or modify an existing one. Typically, you'll lock a document when you've built a custom
application and you don't want an end user to customize it any further. If you need to modify a locked document, enter
the password when prompted but remember to relock it when you're done.
Steps:
The Customize dialog box opens.
3. Click the Lock Customization button, enter or affirm the password, and click OK.
4. Click Close to close the dialog box.
Locate topic
When you change the configuration of the user interface of one of the desktop applications, they are saved by default in a
configuration template file that is read each time the application is started. For example, ArcMap has a Normal.mxt file,
and ArcGlobe has a Normal.3dt file. There are times, however, when you may want to save your modifications with a
document, so that when someone else opens it, certain toolbars, menus, and dockable windows are configured to match
the workflows you want them to undertake. In other words, you want all who open the document to have the same user
interface experience.
To achieve this result, on the Options tab on the Customize dialog box, you can check the Save all customizations to the
current document check box. This will push all the customizations from Normal.mxt to the current document, and all
further customizations will also be written only to the document. When opening a document that has this option set, only
the customizations in the map document itself are applied; the customizations stored in the application's configuration
template file (for example, Normal.mxt) are ignored.
Unchecking the Save all customizations to the current document check box deletes all the customizations currently stored
in the document; the document will again reference the application's configuration template file.
Deciding where to save customizations

You might want to make changes that only appear when working with a particular document. For example, you might
want your custom query and analysis toolbar to appear only in specific .mxd's. In this case, choose to save your
customization in the current document. If you want to make changes that appear every time you open ArcMap,
ArcGlobe, or ArcScene, save them in the Normal template. The customizations saved in the normal template by
default are listed below.
l Moving a command item on a built-in toolbar or menu from one location to another
l Adding or removing a command from a built-in toolbar

l Built-in toolbar visibility and position
l Dockable window visibility and position
You can also save these customizations in your document by choosing the Save all customizations in document option
on the Customize dialog box.
New Toolbars and New Menus created via the Customize dialog box are saved in the current document and the Create
new toolbars and menus in the document option is selected by default. However, you may elect to save these
customizations in the Normal template by unchecking Create new toolbars and menus in the document.
The customizations listed below are only saved at the document level; you cannot save these customizations in your
template.
l User interface controls added to any toolbar or menu
l Macros added as buttons to any toolbar or menu
Note: ArcCatalog is a special case; it does not use documents, and therefore, all
customizations are always written to the Normal template.
Creating a custom Normal template

Suppose your administrator has custom toolbars or tools to which they want everyone in your organization to have
access. Your administrator could create a customized Normal template and allow everyone in your organization to use
it instead of the default Normal template. To accomplish this, your administrator would customize the Normal
template, then copy that Normal.mxt file to the <Install Location>\Desktop 10.X\MapTemplates folder. Everyone
would then start with this Normal template instead of the default Normal template. The following is an explanation of
how this works.
If there is no Normal.mxt file in your profiles location when you start ArcMap, the application will look in the <Install
Location>\Bin\Templates folder. If a Normal.mxt file exists, that file is copied to your user profiles location and is
then treated as your personal Normal template. Therefore, you start off with a copy of your organization's customized
Normal template, but from that point on, you are able to save your own customizations to it.
If a Normal.mxt file is not found in your profiles location or in the <Install Location>\Desktop 10.X\MapTemplates
folder, then a new default Normal.mxt file is created and placed in your profiles location.
Related topics
Saving your customizations in a document
Saving your customizations in a document
Locate topic
Steps:
2. Click the Options tab in the Customize dialog box.
3. Check Save all customizations to the document.
Your changes will be saved in the current document by default.

4. Click Close.
Related topics
Setting the software product and license environment
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ArcGIS Desktop (Desktop Advanced, Desktop Standard, and Desktop Basic) and ArcGIS Engine can be used as either
concurrent use or single use seats if the required licenses are available on your computer. ArcGIS Administrator is used
to switch between these product levels and license environments.
Note: Administrator rights on the computer are required to change the license manager
or the software product. If you do not have administrative rights, the following
user environment variable can be created to set a license manager:
ARCGIS_LICENSE_FILE = @<licensemanager>
Concurrent use
1. Using ArcGIS Administrator, click the desired product folder (Desktop or Engine).
2. Click the button next to the concurrent use product you wish to use.
3. Under License Manager (for Concurrent Use software products): click Change, enter the name of your
license manager, then click OK.
4. Click Apply to set your changes without closing ArcGIS Administrator or OK to apply changes and close
ArcGIS Administrator.
Single use
2. Click the button next to the single use product you wish to use. If you have not previously authorized the
single use product you intend to use, follow the instructions below.
3. Click Authorize Now to launch Software Authorization Wizard. To complete this process, you will need either
a provisioning file (*.respc) generated from the My Esri website, or the email from Esri Customer Service
that contains your product authorization information.
4. Follow the instructions in Software Authorization Wizard to complete the authorization process and return to
5. Click Apply to set your changes without closing ArcGIS Administrator or OK to apply changes and close
If you wish to remove single use licenses from your machine, go to Support Operations and click Deauthorize. Follow
the instructions to remove the core product and any selected extensions from your machine.
Authorizing ArcGIS single use products and features
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If you are upgrading from ArcGIS 10.1 through ArcGIS 10.7.1, to ArcGIS 10.8, and Complexity:
Beginner
have not terminated authorization of your ArcGIS 10.1-10.7 licenses, you do not need
Data Requirement:
to authorize or upgrade your licenses. Upon installation of ArcGIS 10.8, your software ArcGIS Tutorial Data for Desktop
will continue to work with no requirement to authorize or upgrade.
If you are upgrading from ArcGIS 10 to ArcGIS 10.8 and have not terminated authorization of your ArcGIS 10.0 licenses,
you must deauthorize your ArcGIS 10.0 licenses before authorizing your ArcGIS 10.1-10.8 licenses. Follow the
instructions below for Terminating Authorization before completing the normal authorization steps outlined below.
To complete the regular authorization process on a new installation, you will need either a provisioning file generated
from the My Esri website, or the email from Esri Customer Service that contains the product authorization information .
2. Choose a single use product.
3. Click Authorize Now to start Software Authorization Wizard.
4. Choose the default option I have installed my software and need to authorize it and click Next.
5. Select Authorize with Esri now using the Internet and click Next if you have an Internet connection.
If you do not have an Internet connection, select the option Authorize at Esri's website or by email to receive
your authorization file. If you have a provisioning file, choose the option I have received an authorization file
from Esri and am now ready to finish the authorization process. Using a provisioning file (available from the
My Esri website) will prepopulate the personal information and authorization codes in Steps 6 to 8.
6. Enter your personal information and click Next.
7. Enter your core product authorization number (for example, ESUxxxxxxxxx) and click Next. This information
is provided to you by email from Esri Customer Service.
8. On the next dialog box, if you have extensions to authorize for use, select I have an authorization number for
one or more extensions. Enter the authorization numbers for them. For extensions not listed, manually type
the name of the extension in the left-hand column.
9. Click Next. You are given the option to evaluate features for which you haven't entered authorization
numbers.
10. Click Next. The information entered in the Software Authorization Wizard is sent to Esri Customer Service.
When it is validated, licenses are generated and returned to your machine.
If you have selected the website/email authorization option on the second panel in Software Authorization Wizard (step
5), save the generated text file and upload it to the offline authorization tool found within the My Esri website or send an
email to authorize@esri.com. On receipt of the authorization response file (*.respc), repeat step 3, and in step 4 choose
the option I have received an authorization file from Esri and am now ready to finish the authorization process. Browse
to the authorization response file and press Next to complete the software authorization.
To authorize silently, you will need to use a provisioning file generated from the My Esri website using the following
command from the command line:
softwareauthorization.exe -s -lif <path to the *.prvc file>
License upgrade (version 10.0 to 10.8)
Note: ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 continues to use version 10.1-10.7 licenses. You do not need
to upgrade your licenses if migrating from ArcGIS 10.1 through ArcGIS 10.7.1 to
ArcGIS 10.8.
If you are upgrading from ArcGIS 10.0 to ArcGIS 10.8, you must deauthorize your existing software before authorizing
ArcGIS 10.8:
1. Deauthorize your existing 10.0 licenses.
2. Uninstall ArcGIS for Desktop 10.0
3. Install ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.
4. On completion of the ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 installation, authorize your ArcGIS 10.1-10.8 licenses.
Terminating authorization
If you want to remove single-use licenses from your machine, click Support Operations and click Deauthorize. Follow the
instructions to remove the core product and any selected extensions from your machine.
To silently revoke all licenses from the machine, use the following command:
softwareauthorization.exe -s -return all
To silently revoke selected licenses from the machine, you will need to specify the ESU numbers for the features you
want to terminate. Use the following command:
softwareauthorization.exe -s -return ESUxxxxxxxxxx,ESUxxxxxxxxx
Viewing license availability
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Concurrent Use
1. Using the ArcGIS Administrator, select the desired product folder (Desktop or Engine) in the table of contents.
2. Select the desired concurrent use product.
3. Select Availability to view the licenses available on the License Manager selected in the product folder. The
license expiration date is also provided.
Single Use
1. Using the ArcGIS Administrator, select the desired product folder (Desktop or Engine) in the table of contents.
2. Select the desired single use product.
3. Select Availability to view the licenses available for use on the local machine. This table indicates whether the
feature has been installed and authorized. The license expiration date is also provided.
For single use features, double-click the feature to view its fulfillment ID. The fulfillment ID can be used to track down the
particular authorization transaction when troubleshooting authorization-related problems.
Borrowing and returning concurrent use licenses
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Borrowing licenses
1. Using the ArcGIS Administrator, select the desired product folder (Desktop or Engine) in the table of contents
for which you want to borrow licenses.
2. Make sure the license manager has been defined.
3. Select the Borrow/Return folder.
4. Set the number of days you want to borrow licenses for in the Borrow For: box. Please refer to the Note
below for more information.

5. Check the boxes of the features you want to borrow and click Apply.
6. After the licenses have been borrowed, click OK to close the ArcGIS Administrator.
You can now use your ArcGIS software while off the network.
Returning licenses
1. To return licenses manually, you first need to connect to your network.
2. Launch the ArcGIS Administrator and ensure you have the same product and license manager set in the
product folder.
3. Select the Borrow/Return folder.
4. Uncheck the boxes next to the features you want to return and click Apply.
5. Click OK to close the ArcGIS Administrator.
Note: The timeout for borrowed licenses is defined by your license administrator.
Contact your organization's license administrator to change this value. The default
timeout is 30 days. If licenses are not returned within that time, they will
automatically be disabled on your machine and reenabled on the license manager.
Adding and removing ArcGIS data licenses
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Adding a data license

1. Using ArcGIS Administrator, select the Data Licenses folder in the table of contents.
2. Click Add a license, browse to the data license file (.sdlic), then click Open.
If you already have a data license for that specific product installed, a message is displayed asking if you
want to remove the current license and install the new one.
3. Click Yes to install the new data license.
Once the data license is installed, the new license file name is listed at the right.
Removing a data license

1. Using ArcGIS Administrator, select the Data Licenses folder in the table of contents.
2. From the list of installed data licenses, choose the license file name that you want to remove.
3. Click Remove. A message is displayed asking you to confirm that you want to remove the selected data
license.
4. Click Yes to remove the license or No if you want to keep the license installed.
Selecting the language of the user interface
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ArcGIS is used all over the world and in many regions where the first language is not English. Some regions may have
translations for the user interface and help that allow users to use ArcGIS in their own language. Translations for the user
interface and help are often installed in what are called language packs or language supplements.
How do you change the language of the user interface?

With ArcGIS 10 and later releases, language pack installations do not overwrite the English version of the software.
This provides the option of using either English in the user interface or another language. Most of the time, users will
work with software using the language pack installed by their system administrator. There are some occasions,
however, when a user will want to change the language of the user interface. This can be done via the ArcGIS
Administrator. Changing the language of the user interface does not require administrator privileges on the Windows
operating system.
The ArcGIS Administrator has an Advanced button. Clicking on this button takes you to a dialog box where you can set
the language for the user interface to be used by all graphical user interfaces in the following applications:
l ArcGIS Administrator
l License Server Administrator (if ArcGIS License Manager is installed on the same machine as ArcGIS Desktop or
ArcGIS Engine)
l Software Authorization Wizard
l ArcMap
l ArcCatalog
l ArcGlobe
l ArcScene
l Any C/C++ ArcGIS Engine RT application
1. Using the ArcGIS Administrator, click the ArcGIS node in the table of contents.
2. Click Advanced.
3. Select the language for use and click Save.
4. Click Apply to set your changes without closing the ArcGIS Administrator or OK to apply changes and close
the ArcGIS Administrator.
The ArcGIS Administrator does not control the language of the user interface for applications written with .NET or
Java. Those types of applications rely on the operating system settings only.
If you click on the Advanced button, there are only two choices:
l Display Language
l English
There are no language packs installed. In the case of the Display Language choice, it also shows the display language
as defined by the operating system. In the United States, for example, users will see (English - United States). English
is always an option because English user interfaces and help are always installed. If the application cannot find
translated user interfaces or help, it defaults back to English.
If the installed language pack also has translated help, clicking on the Help button in an application starts the Help in
the user interface language.
Manage ArcMap portal connections
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ArcGIS Desktop can connect to ArcGIS Online or Portal for ArcGIS. By default, ArcGIS Desktop clients connect to
http://www.arcgis.com. To connect to your organization's Portal for ArcGIS or to an ArcGIS Online for organizations site
from ArcMap, use the Manage Portal Connections tool in the ArcGIS Administrator as described in this topic.
Tip: To change portal connections in ArcGIS Pro, see Manage portal connections from
ArcGIS Pro in the ArcGIS Pro help.
Use the Manage Portal Connections tool in the ArcGIS Administrator to perform the following tasks:
l Add a portal URL for ArcMap to use.
The http://www.arcgis.com URL is present by default and cannot be removed. You need to add a URL to connect
from ArcMap to a Portal for ArcGIS website or to an ArcGIS Online for organizations site that uses enterprise
security methods such as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), Windows Active Directory, or SSL.
The URL to connect to a Portal for ArcGIS website is in the form https://webadaptor.domain.com/arcgis or
https://loadbalancer.domain.com/arcgis. In these examples, webadaptor.domain.com is the fully qualified
name of the machine where the web adaptor is installed, loadbalancer.domain.com is the fully qualified name of
the server where a third-party load balancer is installed, and arcgis is the context. Note that you must provide the
fully qualified server name in the portal URL.
The URL to connect to an ArcGIS Online for organizations portal that uses enterprise security methods is in the
format https://<organization short name>.maps.arcgis.com.
l Connect to an available portal from ArcMap.
l Remove a URL from the list of available portal connections. You can only remove URLs you added to the list; you
cannot remove the default http://www.arcgis.com URL.
l View a portal connection and edit the URL.
Add portal connections

There are occasions when you will want to access your organization's portal from ArcMap rather than access the
default portal (http://www.arcgis.com). Or you might have connected to your organization's portal and want to
switch back to the default ArcGIS Online connection. To do this, use Manage Portal Connections in the ArcGIS
Administrator as described in the following steps:
1. Close all ArcGIS Desktop applications on your machine.
2. Open ArcGIS Administrator from All Programs > ArcGIS > ArcGIS Administrator.
3. Click the ArcGIS node in the table of contents.
4. Click Advanced.
The Advanced Configuration dialog box appears.
5. Under the ArcGIS Online section, click Manage Portal Connections.
The Manage ArcGIS Portal Connections dialog box appears.
6. Click Add.
7. Type the URL of the portal and click OK to save.
8. To connect to the portal you just added, select the URL from the connection list and click Connect.
Connecting to the portal URL essentially connects you to the website's home page. You must sign in to the
portal from ArcMap to access portal content and publish to the portal.
Remove or edit portal connections

You can remove or edit nondefault portal connections from the Manage ArcGIS Portal Connections dialog box.
l To remove a portal connection, select the URL from the connection list and click Delete.
l To edit the URL of a portal connection, select the URL from the connection list and click Edit. When you finish
editing the portal connection information, click OK to save the changes.
Portal connection status

ArcMap uses the ArcGIS Connection utility to determine its portal connection status.
You can change the frequency with which ArcGIS checks for a connection by doing the following:
1. While ArcMap is open, right-click the globe icon in the system tray of your client machine.
2. Click Properties.
3. Choose when ArcMap should test automatically for a connection. The default is to check only at the start of a
session, but you can specify to check at an interval or to never check at all.
4. If you want to test periodically, click the up or down arrow to increase or decrease the minimum frequency
(in seconds) that ArcGIS will check for a portal connection.
Adding additional installation features
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If you did not choose to add extensions or other ArcGIS Desktop features during the initial installation, they can be added
later.
Note: l Adding installation features requires access to the original installation source,
either the media or the network location.
l The program item listed in Add or Remove Programs is ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.
How to add or remove ArcGIS Desktop installation features

1. On Windows Control Panel, click Add or Remove Programs or Programs and Features, depending on your
operating system. Select ArcGIS Desktop from the program list and click Change.
2. The add/remove process displays the installation dialog box showing the current installation state. You can
choose to install features not currently installed (noted with a red X) or remove those features already
installed. The add/remove state toggles the current state between installed and unavailable (remove) or
unavailable and installed. It is not necessary to select or change the installation state of those features you
do not want to affect.
You can install the extensions; however, they only work if a license for the extensions is available on your license
manager (for Concurrent Use products) or you have a valid authorization file (for Single Use products).
For Concurrent Use product versions, authorize your extensions with License Server Administrator:
1. On the machine where the license manager is installed, open ArcGIS License Server Administrator by
clicking All Programs > ArcGIS > License Manager > License Server Administrator.
2. Choose Authorization, click Authorize Now, and follow the remaining directions.
For Single Use product versions, authorize your extensions with ArcGIS Administrator:
1. On the machine where ArcGIS Desktop is installed, open ArcGIS Administrator by clicking All Programs >
ArcGIS > ArcGIS Administrator.
2. Choose Desktop, click Authorize Now, and follow the remaining directions.
Evaluating ArcGIS Desktop extensions
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At any time, you can choose to evaluate ArcGIS Desktop extensions that you have not purchased. The evaluation is free
of charge for a fixed period of time.
You must first install the extensions, then authorize them. If you do not have the extension you want to evaluate
installed, you should rerun your setup.exe program and choose the option to modify your installation, then select the
extensions to install. After installing the appropriate extensions, you can evaluate the extensions via one of the methods
described in this topic.
Some extensions can be authorized for evaluation using your single-use ArcGIS Desktop authorization file. Other
extensions, and all extensions authorized with a concurrent-use license, require evaluation authorization numbers, which
can be requested from Esri Customer Service or your local Esri distributor.
ArcGIS Desktop extensions that can be authorized for evaluation with a single-use
ArcGIS Desktop license
You can evaluate the following ArcGIS Desktop extensions during the regular authorization process if you are using a
single-use license:
l ArcGIS 3D Analyst extension
l ArcGIS Data Interoperability
l ArcGIS Data Reviewer
l ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst
l ArcGIS Network Analyst extension
l ArcGIS Publisher
l ArcGIS Schematics
l ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension
l ArcGIS Tracking Analyst
l ArcGIS Workflow Manager
To enable these extensions for evaluation, use the Software Authorization Wizard.
1. Start the Software Authorization Wizard from the ArcGIS Administrator found at Start > Programs > ArcGIS
> ArcGIS Administrator.
2. Click the Desktop folder in the ArcGIS Administrator.
3. Choose one of the Single Use product licenses.
4. Click Authorize Now.
This opens the Software Authorization Wizard.
5. Follow the instructions in the wizard to provide your ArcGIS Desktop authorization.
6. When you get to the Authorize Software Extensions panel, you can type the evaluation authorization
numbers you received from Esri Customer Service (if you have any) for the extensions in the second list in
this topic.
7. When you get to the Evaluate Software Extensions panel, you can choose to evaluate any of the extensions
in the first list in this topic.
8. Complete the steps in the wizard to authorize the software and extensions.
For more information about adding extensions after initial installation, see Adding additional installation features
ArcGIS Desktop extensions that require evaluation authorization numbers

The following extensions can be evaluated by ordering evaluation authorization numbers from Esri Customer Service
(US customers) or your Esri distributor (international customers):
l ArcGIS for Aviation
l ArcGIS for Maritime: Bathymetry
l ArcGIS for Maritime: Charting
l ArcGIS Pipeline Referencing
l Esri Defense Mapping
l Esri Production Mapping
l Esri Roads and Highways
You must request evaluation authorization for these extensions whether you have a single-use or concurrent-use
ArcGIS Desktop license.
Ordering evaluation authorization numbers for extensions

To order evaluation authorization numbers for extensions for the ArcGIS Desktop concurrent-use and specified
single-use products:
l In the United States, contact Esri.
l Outside the United States, contact your local Esri distributor.
Duration of evaluation period

Once you have registered the ArcGIS Desktop extensions, you have a fixed period of time to evaluate them. The
evaluation begins once you have completed the authorization process for the ArcGIS Desktop extensions. If you are
registering by e-mail, fax, or mail, the evaluation period begins when you initially contact Esri. The evaluation period
cannot be extended.
Related topics
Adding additional installation features
Advanced ArcMap Settings utility
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The Advanced ArcMap Settings utility provides access to customization settings for ArcMap that cannot be changed within
the software itself.
By default, the Advanced ArcMap Settings utility is installed to <install path>:\Program Files (x86)
\ArcGIS\Desktop<version#>\Utilities. The documentation for this utility—ArcGIS Desktop Advanced Settings Registry
Keys—is in the same location. Refer to this document for instructions on using the utility.
Using the MXD Doctor utility
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MXD Doctor is a stand-alone application located in the Tools folder of the ArcGIS Desktop installation directory. It
provides functionality to analyze broken .mxd files. Depending on the analysis, entities contained in the broken .mxd file
can be copied from the broken file into a new or existing .mxd file.
Tip: The MXD Doctor utility can also be opened from All Programs > ArcGIS > Desktop
Tools.
The following entities are analyzed when you run the MXD Doctor utility:
l Maps and data frames
l Page layout
l Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) project
l Style gallery
l Thumbnail preview
After the analysis, the check boxes for each of these entities display the results using the following symbols:
Recoverable
Recoverable, although not completely
Unable to determine status
Not recoverable
Not present
For example, the following document status indicates that the page layout is recoverable, but the maps in the layout are
not completely recoverable. The style gallery is not recoverable (this is commonly caused when the document references
a style gallery that is not on the computer). The thumbnail preview is not present, and the status of the Visual Basic for
Applications (VBA) project is undetermined. If no VBA code exists in the project, the VBA project entity is not included
in the document; this is not an error. See the following screen shot:
The MXD Doctor utility is provided as a courtesy to help repair problematic .mxds. Before using this utility, create a
backup copy of the broken .mxd file and, if you're using an existing .mxd file as the target, create a copy of that file too.
Tip: MXD Doctor is intended for extracting valid entities from broken .mxd files.
However, you can also use it to retrieve entities from valid .mxd files as a way of
copying things from one .mxd file to another. It also can be used to extract the
VBA project from a broken ArcScene (.sxd) or ArcGlobe (.3dd) document. This
feature only works if the target document is an existing document. Use ArcScene
or ArcGlobe to create a blank target document before starting the MXD Doctor
utility. To specify the file names of the source and target documents on the MXD
Doctor dialog box, browse to the correct folder and type the file name of the
document (since the browser is intended for .mxd and .mxt files).
To use the MXD Doctor interface, follow these steps:

Steps:
1. Create a backup of the broken file and, if you’re using an existing file as the target file, create a backup of the
target file too.
2. Run MXDDoctor.exe.
The following MXDDoctor Warning dialog box opens to remind you to back up your documents:
3. Since you already created backup copies of your documents in step 1, click Yes to continue.
The MXD Doctor dialog box opens as shown in the following screen shot:
4. Click the ellipsis button to browse to the .mxd file.

5. Navigate to and select the broken .mxd file you want to fix.
You will receive a warning dialog box letting you know that inspecting the map document could take a while.
Click OK to continue.
The file name is added to the text box, and the document is analyzed. The results of the analysis are shown in
the Document Status frame.
6. Once the .mxd file has been analyzed, but before you export it to a new .mxd file, you can do either or both
of the following to identify which entities to retrieve:
l Preview the contents of the broken .mxd file to help determine which entities to retrieve from the broken
document. Only recoverable entities can be previewed.
The following screen shot shows the MXD Doctor dialog box during preview:
If there is more than one map (data frame) in the document, the Index combo box allows you to select
which map to preview. The map's index and name are displayed in the combo box. Panning and zooming
of maps and page layouts is supported. The thumbnail view can be viewed only.
l Generate a diagnostic report for all the entities contained in the broken .mxd file. To do so, click
Generate to generate the report; the results are displayed on the Report tab of the Viewer frame, as
shown in the following screen shot:
The contents of this report can be used to identify possible bad entities. If required, the report can be
saved as a text file or printed by clicking the Save or Print button, respectively.
Depending on the results of the analysis, it may be possible to recover entities from the broken document and
copy them to a new or existing document.
7. Click the Treatment tab.
The Treatment tab opens, and a new document name is displayed in the Target MXD File text box by default.
This indicates a new map document is to be created. The default is a document in the same folder as the
broken document, with the same name, appended by _new.
8. Specify the name and location of the target .mxd file. You can do one of the following:
l Use the default name and location.
l Specify a different name for the new document and/or a different location.
l Choose an existing map document as the target.
9. Specify the treatment options.
l If you want to transfer all recoverable entities to the target file, keep the Transfer all non broken option
checked and proceed to step 11.
l If you want to control which recoverable entities are copied from the broken document, uncheck
Transfer all non broken. The options you control fall into two main categories: PageLayout and Maps,
and Miscellaneous. The Enable check box must be checked for the page layout and map options to be
chosen. The following example shows options chosen to recover PageLayout and Valid Maps.
10. If you unchecked Transfer all non broken, check the Enable check box and choose the entities you want to
recover.
The page layout and map entities are linked and have four options, and perhaps restrictions, depending on
the analysis of the broken document. The options are as follows:
l PageLayout and Valid Maps: Copies the page layout and valid maps from the broken document to the
target .mxd file. This option removes the existing page layout and maps from the target .mxd file.
l PageLayout and New Map: Copies the page layout minus data frames from the broken map document. A
new blank data frame is added to the page layout. This option removes the existing page layout and
maps from the target .mxd file.
l Only PageLayout: Copies only the page layout from the broken .mxd file, adding the data frames from
the target .mxd file to this page layout.
l Only Maps: Copies maps from the broken .mxd file and adds them to the page layout of the target .mxd
file.
11. Click Fix Document.
Fixing the document copies the recoverable entities from the broken document and places them in the target
document.
The progress of the treatment is shown in the area on the right side of the Treatment tab.
All recoverable entities you exported are now in the specified .mxd file.
Using the Document Defragmenter utility
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The ArcGIS Document Defragmenter utility defragments the storage inside an .mxd file to potentially reduce the file size.
This utility is useful if your .mxd files are large in size. The utility can also defragment .sxd, .3dd, and, .mxt files. The
utility is located in the Tools folder of the ArcGIS Desktop installation directory. By default, that location is <install
path>:\Program Files\ArcGIS\Desktop<Version Number>\Tools. Alternatively, you can open the utility from All
Programs > ArcGIS > Desktop Tools.
You can defragment a single document file, all ArcGIS documents in a particular folder, or all documents found in folders
beneath a point in the file tree.
There are different options for placement of the defragmented documents. By default, a new document file is created in
the same folder as the original file and the name of the new file is the same as the original file name with _Defrag
appended to it. For example, if you defragmented JoshuaTreeNP.mxd, the new file is JoshuaTreeNP_Defrag.mxd.
The file handling during defragmentation proceeds as follows:
1. The defragmented file is made using _Defrag at the end of its file name.
2. If appropriate to the file handling option chosen, the original file has its extension changed to .old.
3. If appropriate, the defragmented file is renamed using the original file name.
4. If appropriate, the original file is deleted.
This utility is provided as a courtesy to help repair problematic fragmented .mxds. Create a backup copy of the original
file before using the Document Defragmenter.
Tip: The ArcGIS Document Defragmenter utility can be run as a command from the
MS-DOS prompt. The usage is as follows:
DocDefragmenter <full source file path> <full target file path>

 
No message or success status is returned from the command or utility; therefore,
the success of the operation can only be determined by the existence of the target
file.
To run the utility wizard, do the following:

Steps:
1. Run DocDefragmenter.exe.
The ArcGIS Document Defragmenter dialog box opens as shown here:
2. Choose a file selection option.

l Click Single file to defragment a single document file.
l Click Folder to defragment all ArcGIS document files in a particular folder.
l Click Folder and all subfolders to defragment all ArcGIS document files in a particular folder and
recursively under all its subfolders.
3. Click Select and navigate to the single document file (such as an .mxd) or the folder that contains the
document files.
4. Choose a file handling option; this determines how the defragmented file is named. The options are as
follows:
l Leave the original file as it is and create the new defragmented file with _Defrag appended to the
original file name.
l Replace the original file with the defragmented file. Change the extension of the original file to .old.
l Overwrite the original file.
Caution: You must ensure that there are backup copies of the original file (as
well as all .mxd files in the folders selected) if you choose this option.
5. Click OK to start the defragmentation on the selected files.

6. When the defragmentation finishes, click Exit to close the application.
The specified files should now be less fragmented and take up less disk space.
It is possible that the defragmentation may fail due to file access permissions. If this happens, you can deduce the
problem with the help of the error message and the files left behind by the process.
Error reporting for ArcGIS Desktop software
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If ArcMap or another ArcGIS Desktop application closes unexpectedly, a dialog box appears, allowing you to send an error
report to Esri. You are encouraged to send error reports if the occasion arises. Error reports may contain information
about problems such as hardware limitations, memory leaks, or compatibility issues with third-party software that are
otherwise hard to diagnose. All reports are analyzed.
You are encouraged to include your email address in the Email Address box. Usually, you will not be contacted. However,
in some cases, the Esri Development team may need more information. Your email address will not be used for any
purpose other than to contact you about the error report.
It's also helpful to provide a step-by-step description of the software actions that led to the error in the Error Title and
Steps box. This makes it easier for developers to reproduce the problem and identify its cause.
Click the link under Error Details to see an example description of a hypothetical error. The description starts with a title.
Concise steps that led to the error are provided in a numbered list. The point at which the application stops working is
identified.
You can also click a link to preview the error report contents.
For immediate assistance in troubleshooting or working around the problem, contact Esri Support or your international
distributor.
How error reports are submitted

By default, error reports are sent to Esri through a web service. If you don't have Internet access when the error
occurs, you can attach the report to an email and send it later to ArcGISErrorReport@esri.com. Error report files have
the extension .dmp and are saved to the application data location on your computer, typically C:\Users\<User
Name>\AppData\Local\ESRI\ErrorReports. The 10 most recent reports are saved.
All error reports are confidential to Esri. Their use is covered by the Esri Privacy Policy.
What happens when you submit an error report

Error reports go through an initial automated review to make sure they contain enough information to be useful and to
check whether the problem has been reported previously. If the problem has not been reported previously, a new
record is created in the Esri bug tracking system. If the problem has already been reported, the report count is
incremented.
Esri developers attempt to diagnose and fix all errors. Once an error is fixed and tested, the fix is installed in the next
available software release. However, not every error is successfully diagnosed.
Configure error reporting

If you have administrator privileges on your computer and know how to edit the system registry, you can change the
way that ArcMap notifies you of application errors. Use the following table to create registry keys in
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\ESRI\Settings\ErrorReports:
Error report registry settings
Names, types, and descriptions of error report registry settings
Setting Type Value
EnableErrorReport DWORD Set to 1 to enable error reporting.

Set to 0 to disable error reporting.
ShowErrorDialog DWORD Set to 1 to show the error report dialog box.
Set to 0 to suppress the error report dialog box.
EnableWebService DWORD Set to 1 to enable the web service to send the error report.
Set to 0 to disable the web service from sending the error report.
EmailAddress String Specifies the email address to which the error report should be sent
manually if the web service is not enabled. The string value should be
ArcGISErrorReport@esri.com.
YourEmailAddress String Specifies the email address that appears by default in the error report dialog
box. The string value should be your email address.
CacheSize DWORD Sets the maximum number of error reports to save on your computer.
Some registry key settings have dependencies on other keys. The following table describes the effects of different
combinations. No matter what combination is used, a copy of the error report is saved to your computer.
Effects of error report registry settings
Combinations of settings and their effects
EnableErrorReport ShowErrorDialog EnableWebService Effect
1 1 1 The default error report dialog box appears.

This is the same behavior as when no
registry keys are created.
1 1 0 A dialog box (different from the default error

report dialog box) prompts you to save the
error report and email it to Esri.
1 0 0 The application closes with no message. No

error report is sent.
1 0 1 The application closes with no message. An

error report is sent automatically.
0 Any Any A message box informs you that a serious

application error has occurred. No error
report is sent.
Frequently asked questions about error reporting
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Error reports are sent directly to the Esri development team via a Web service. These reports will be analyzed and the
software improved so that similar errors do not occur in future releases (or service packs).
If the Web service is not available, the error report can be sent via e-mail to ArcGISErrorReport@esri.com.
The following are frequently asked questions about error reporting.
Will the Esri development team contact me?

There are cases when Esri would like more information about an issue. If this happens and you have provided your
contact information, you may be contacted. However, you are not required to provide additional information;
participation is optional.
Can I get a hot fix for an error?

Esri will not provide a hot fix for an error that occurs without repeatable steps. If you are encountering an issue that
causes a fatal application error and there are reproducible steps, you should contact Esri Technical Support to have
this issue reviewed.
Will Esri provide summaries of where the errors are occurring?

Esri will analyze the incoming error reports and identify areas of the software where errors are occurring. If identical
errors are found in certain areas, the fixes will be moved into service packs.
Will I be contacted about the status of my error report?

No. At this time, there are no plans to contact users about the status of their error reports.
Can I contact Support about the status of my error report?

No. Esri Technical Support does not provide the status of error reporting.
Do crashes in all Esri products generate error reports?

No. Beginning with ArcGIS 9.3, these error reports are created for all ArcGIS Desktop applications and extensions.
Beginning with ArcGIS 10, ArcGIS Server also provides error reporting. Esri will look to providing similar reporting
facilities for its other products in future releases.
Related topics
Error reporting for ArcGIS Desktop software
Accessibility in ArcGIS Desktop
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Esri wants functionality to be available to all users. In products like ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene, and ArcGlobe, this
effort includes supporting screen readers such as JAWS and Microsoft Narrator, keyboard navigation in ArcGIS Desktop,
and the use of high-contrast mode. With keyboard navigation, the number pad can be used to move the mouse pointer,
and keyboard shortcuts can be used to navigate other interfaces in the software. High-contrast mode makes user
interface elements easier to view.
Learn more about using ArcGIS Desktop with a keyboard
Learn more about using high-contrast mode

For information about the Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT) for this release of ArcGIS Desktop, see Esri's
software VPATs.
For legal information about Esri's commitment to accessibility, see the Section 508 documentation.
Using ArcGIS Desktop with a keyboard
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You can navigate the user interface of ArcGIS Desktop applications and execute commands using a combination of Mouse
Keys and keyboard shortcuts. You can often complete tasks with either technique; however, some tasks require Mouse
Keys. In this context, ArcGIS Desktop includes ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene, and ArcGlobe. Support for keyboard
shortcuts in ArcCatalog and the Catalog window in mapping applications is limited.
Using Mouse Keys

To control the mouse pointer's movement and actions with the keyboard as you would control them with a mouse, you
must turn on Mouse Keys in the Windows operating system. The steps below explain how to turn on Mouse Keys for
Windows 10. For additional information, see the Microsoft Support topic Use Mouse Keys to move the mouse pointer.
Steps:
1. Sign in to Windows 10.
2. Press the Tab key to access the Windows taskbar. Press the Tab key again to select the Search button.
Press Enter.
3. In the search box, type ease of access mouse settings and press Enter.
4. In the Mouse settings, press the Spacebar to change the Mouse Keys settings from Off to On.
After you turn on Mouse Keys, you can use the numeric keypad to move the mouse pointer in any direction. You can
also left-click, right-click, double-click, and hold and release the mouse. The diagram below shows the function of each
key.
Mouse keys
Action Mouse key
Move the mouse pointer Number keys
Left-click / (slash) key and then 5
Double-click / (slash) key and then + (plus) key
Right-click - (minus) key and then 5
Middle-click (middle mouse button) * (asterisk) key and then 5
A mouse button remains enabled until you enable a different mouse button.
Note: If your mouse is set up for left-handed use, the left and right mouse buttons are
reversed on the numeric keypad.
Some tasks in ArcMap, such as selecting features on a map, involve holding the left mouse button while moving the
mouse, and then releasing the mouse button (clicking and dragging). The following steps describe how to hold and
release the mouse button with Mouse Keys:
Steps:
1. Press the / (slash) key to enable the left mouse button.
2. Press the 0 key to hold down the mouse button.
3. Use the number keys to move the mouse pointer to the location where you want to drop a selected item or
to define an area of the screen with a box.
4. Press the . (period) key to release the mouse button.
Using keyboard shortcuts

The following sections describe keyboard shortcuts for working with the ArcMap interface. For the best experience, you
may want to use keyboard shortcuts in combination with Mouse Keys.
Starting the application

When you start ArcMap from the Windows taskbar, ArcMap displays a Getting Started dialog box. The dialog box
includes a directory of existing maps and map templates, and a window showing recently saved maps. By default,
the Recent category of existing maps is selected in the directory. The most recently saved map is selected in the
window.
Note: The startup behavior for ArcScene and ArcGlobe is the same as for ArcMap.
ArcCatalog does not have a Getting Started dialog box.
You can open a map from the Getting Started dialog box in several ways:
l To open the existing map that is selected by default, press Enter.
l To open a map not shown in the recent maps window, press the Down Arrow key or another arrow key. The
Open ArcMap Document browser window appears and you can browse to the map you want.
l To open a different map from the list of recent maps, press Tab to browse the list of recent maps. Use the
arrow keys to select the map you want. Press Enter to open the map.
l To open a new untitled map, press Esc.
Accessing the main menu

ArcGIS Desktop applications have a main menu that appears at the top of the application window by default. Each
heading on the main menu opens a drop-down list of commands. For more information about the ArcGIS Desktop
user interface, see Basic user interface elements.
The ArcMap main menu consists of several headings.
Steps:
1. Press Alt to access the main menu in any ArcGIS Desktop application.
The File menu is selected.
Note: If a specific window is active, such as the Table Of Contents window in

ArcMap or the Catalog Tree window in ArcCatalog, press Esc and then
press Alt to access the main menu.
2. On the main menu, press Tab and Shift+Tab to move from one menu to another. (Alternatively, press
the Right Arrow or Left Arrow keys.)
3. Press Enter to open a menu.
Tip: Press Alt and the first letter of a menu name to open the menu
directly. For example, press Alt+G to open the Geoprocessing menu.
4. On an open menu, press the Down Arrow and Up Arrow to move among commands.
5. Press Enter to execute a command or open a submenu.
Accessing toolbars
ArcGIS Desktop applications have a Standard toolbar that appears by default. Additional toolbars can be opened
from the Customize menu on the main menu.
Toolbars can be docked in the application window or floated, as shown here.
Steps:
1. Press Alt to access the main menu in any ArcGIS Desktop application.
The File menu is selected.
Note: If a specific window is active, such as the Table Of Contents window in

ArcMap or the Catalog Tree window in ArcCatalog, press Esc and then
press Alt to access the main menu.
2. Press Ctrl+Tab to move from the main menu to the Standard toolbar.
3. Press Ctrl+Tab to move from the Standard toolbar to the next available toolbar.
Note: The Standard toolbar is accessed first and the Tools toolbar is accessed
second, if these toolbars are open. After that, open toolbars are
accessed by name in alphabetical order. Press Shift+Ctrl+Tab to move
to the previous toolbar.
4. On a toolbar, press Tab and Shift+Tab to move from one button or tool to another. (Alternatively, press
the Right Arrow or Left Arrow.)
5. Press Enter to execute a button command or make a tool active.
Tip: If the tool is a menu tool, such as the Add Data tool on the Standard
toolbar, press the Down Arrow to open the menu and the Down Arrow
to move among the menu commands. Press Enter to select a
command.
After a button or tool is used, keyboard focus usually changes to the map or file that the command has
acted on. To return to the toolbar, repeat the steps in this section.
Switching among windows

In an open ArcMap, ArcScene, or ArcGlobe document, you may have multiple windows open, such as the Table Of
Contents, Catalog, and Search windows. Press Shift+Ctrl+Tab to display active tool windows and files. Use arrow
keys to move among the windows. Press Enter to select the window or file you want to work with.
Note: Depending on which part of the user interface has keyboard focus, the
keystroke combination Shift+Ctrl+Tab also moves among toolbars. If
necessary, press Esc and then press Shift+Ctrl+Tab to display the active tool
windows.
Common keyboard shortcuts

The table below lists common keyboard shortcuts for navigating the user interface in ArcGIS Desktop applications.
Common keyboard shortcuts in ArcGIS Desktop
Action Keyboard shortcut
Access the File menu on the main menu. Alt
Move from one menu to another on the main Tab, Shift+Tab, Right Arrow, or Left Arrow
menu. Move from one tool to another on a
toolbar.
Move among interactive elements in a Tab, Shift+Tab

window, on a dialog box, or in a file browser.
Open a menu on the main menu, or open a Down Arrow

drop-down menu on a tool.
Move among elements in a list. Up Arrow or Down Arrow
Execute a command or make a selection. Enter
Close a list or a dialog box or cancel an Esc

operation.
Move from the main menu to a toolbar, or Ctrl+Tab, Ctrl+Shift+Tab

move from one toolbar to another.
Open a context menu. Ctrl+Shift+F10 or the Windows Menu key
Note: The Windows Menu key, also called the

Application key, is located between the
Windows Logo key and the right Ctrl key
on many Windows keyboards.
Select or deselect a check box. Spacebar
Open the Symbol Selector or a color palette. Spacebar
Change the active window. Ctrl+Shift+Tab
See Keyboard shortcuts in ArcMap and Keyboard shortcuts in ArcGlobe and ArcScene for additional keyboard
shortcuts.
Navigating the ArcGIS Desktop help with a keyboard

Several keyboard shortcuts are available so you can navigate the ArcGIS Desktop installed help without a mouse.
Keyboard
Action
shortcut
Display the Contents tab. Alt+C
Display the Favorites tab. Alt+I
Display the Search tab. Alt+S
Display the Options menu. Alt+O
Open the Internet Options dialog box. Alt+O, then

press I
Show or hide the navigation pane. Alt+O, then

press T
Print a topic or a section. Alt+O, then

press P
Switch the focus between the navigation pane and the contents of the selected topic. F6
Note: On the Contents and Favorites tabs, the currently selected

topic title turns gray when you switch to the contents. There is
not a visual indicator on the Search tab.
Scroll through the links in a topic. Tab
Add the current topic as a favorite. Alt+A
Scroll through search results. Tab
Workflow examples using shortcut keys

The following sections show how to carry out two common ArcMap workflows with shortcut keys.
Example: Set a layer property in ArcMap

This example describes how to change the symbol color for a layer in ArcMap using the keyboard.
Steps:
1. Open an existing map document as described above in Starting the application.
Make sure the map document contains a feature layer.
2. Press Shift+Ctrl+Tab to display active tool windows and files.
Tip: Press and hold the Shift and Ctrl keys and release the Tab key to keep
the window open.
3. Use the arrow keys to select the Table Of Contents window. Press Enter.
4. Press the Down Arrow as needed to select a layer in the Table Of Contents window.
5. Press Enter to open the Layer Properties dialog box for the selected layer.
6. On the Layer Properties dialog box, press Tab or Shift+Tab as needed to put keyboard focus on
whichever tab is selected at the top of the dialog box.
Keyboard focus is indicated by a marquee around the selected tab.
7. Press the Right Arrow or Left Arrow as needed to select the Symbology tab.
8. Press Tab or Shift+Tab as needed to select the symbol patch on the Symbology tab.
The symbol patch doesn't show a marquee when it is selected; however, it is selected after the Import
button and before the Advanced button.
9. With the symbol patch selected, press the Spacebar to open the Symbol Selector.
10. On the Symbol Selector, press Tab as needed to select Color (for a point or line layer) or Fill Color (for a
polygon layer).
11. Press the Spacebar to open the color palette.
12. Use the arrow keys to select the color you want. Press Enter.
13. Press Tab as needed to select the OK button on the Symbol Selector. Press Enter.
14. Press Tab as needed to select the OK button on the Layer Properties dialog box. Press Enter.
The symbol is updated on the map and in the Table Of Contents.
A summary of the workflow: first, use arrow keys to select the Symbology tab on the Layer Properties dialog box. Next, press
Tab as needed to select the symbol patch and press the Spacebar to open the Symbol Selector. Next, on the Symbol Selector,
press Tab as needed to select the Fill Color or Color option. Press the Spacebar to open the color palette. Finally, use the arrow
keys to pick a color.
Example: Run a geoprocessing tool in ArcMap

This example describes how to open and run the Buffer geoprocessing tool in ArcMap using the keyboard. The same
steps can be applied to any geoprocessing tool.
Steps:
1. Open an existing map document as described above in Starting the application.
Make sure the map document contains a feature layer.
2. Press Alt to access the main menu.
3. Press the Right Arrow as needed to select the Geoprocessing menu. Press Enter to open the menu.
4. Press the Down Arrow as needed to select the Search For Tools command. Press Enter to open the
Search window.
By default, the pointer is in the search box.
5. In the search box, type buffer and press Enter.
A list of search results appears.
Tip: The Buffer tool can also be opened directly from the Geoprocessing
menu.
6. In the search results, press Tab as needed to select the toolbox path of the Buffer (Analysis) tool.
In the application, the element with keyboard focus is outlined with a marquee, not with a blue
box, as in this image.
Note: Be sure to select the toolbox path, not the tool name. Geoprocessing
tools can't be opened directly from the Search window using the
keyboard.
7. Press Enter.
The Buffer tool is selected in the system toolbox directory in the Catalog window.
8. Press Ctrl+Shift+F10 or the Windows Menu key to open the context menu for the tool.
9. Press the Down Arrow to select Open on the context menu. Press Enter.
The Buffer tool opens.
10. Press Tab or Shift+Tab as needed to position the pointer in the Input Features parameter text box.
11. Press the Down Arrow as needed to move through the available input feature layers and select the layer
you want to buffer.
12. Use the Tab key to select the other tool parameters and set values as needed.
Tip: Use the Down Arrow and Up Arrow keys to move through the preset
options, such as distance units, of a parameter.
13. Press Tab to select the OK button. Press Enter.

The tool runs. A feature class is created in the default geodatabase and a layer is added to the map.
Example: Open the help from a ToolTip

Some buttons, such as ArcToolbox, have a ToolTip that allows you to open the help by pressing the F1 key. This
example workflow describes how to open the help from the ArcToolbox button.
Steps:
1. Enable Mouse Keys in Windows.
2. Use the mouse keys to hover over the ArcToolbox button on the Standard toolbar.
3. Press the F1 key.

The help viewer opens and displays the Using the ArcToolbox window topic.
High-contrast mode
Locate topic
ArcGIS Desktop supports high-contrast mode, which is a Windows operating system setting.
The readability of the ArcGIS Desktop user interface can be improved by turning on high-contrast mode. The system
color scheme increases the color contrast of text, menus, tabs, and icons to make them more distinct and easier to
identify for users with low vision or color blindness. However, high-contrast mode does not change the appearance of
certain views in ArcGIS Desktop, such as maps and layouts.
You should close any open ArcGIS Desktop sessions before you turn on high-contrast mode. Restart ArcGIS Desktop after
high-contrast mode has been turned on.
To turn on high-contrast mode, press Left Shift+Left Alt+PrtScn on your keyboard and click Yes on the High Contrast
prompt.
To turn off high-contrast mode, use the same keyboard shortcut: Left Shift+Left Alt+PrtScn.
Note: The Left Shift and Left Alt keys refer to the Shift and Alt keys on the left side of
the keyboard.
For other ways to turn on high-contrast mode, see Use high contrast mode on the Microsoft Support site.

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What is ArcMap?

Typical tasks performed in ArcMap

Getting started with ArcMap

Copyright © 1995-2019 Esri. All rights reserved.

A quick tour of ArcMap

Learn more about using data frames

The Table of Contents window

Learn more about using the table of contents

Saving and opening a map document

Learn more about the Catalog window

The Home folder for a map

Learn more about the Home folder

The default geodatabase for a map

Using search in ArcMap

Learn more about using search in ArcGIS

Copyright © 1995-2019 Esri. All rights reserved.

Essential ArcMap vocabulary

Map document (.mxd)

The Catalog Window

Copyright © 1995-2019 Esri. All rights reserved.

What's new in ArcMap

Spatial Analyst toolbox

Databases and geodatabases

The Adams square II projection is shown here in normal aspect.

The Adams square II projection with Spilhaus's configuration is shown here.

The Tobler cylindrical I map projection is shown here.

The Tobler cylindrical II map projection is shown here.

Copyright © 1995-2019 Esri. All rights reserved.

ArcGIS Desktop application tutorials

Representations In this tutorial, you will be introduced to Representations tutorial overview

ArcGIS Desktop extension tutorials

Schematics The Schematics in ArcMap tutorials are a good Schematics tutorials

Copyright © 1995-2019 Esri. All rights reserved.

About configuring the user interface

Using the Customize dialog box

Changing your application's appearance back to the factory settings

Accessing the Normal template files

Copyright © 1995-2019 Esri. All rights reserved.

Basic user interface elements

The Main menu and Standard toolbar

About toolbars and commands

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Hiding and showing toolbars

1. Click Customize on the main menu and point to Toolbars.

3. Optionally, uncheck a toolbar to hide it.

Tip: To quickly hide a floating toolbar, click its Close button.

Copyright © 1995-2019 Esri. All rights reserved.

Toggling toolbars from the Customize dialog box

4. Uncheck a toolbar to hide it.

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Creating a new toolbar

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5. Type the name of your toolbar.

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Copyright © 1995-2019 Esri. All rights reserved.

Adding a command to a toolbar or the main menu

1. Make sure the target toolbar is visible.

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Moving a command on a toolbar

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Removing a command from a toolbar

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Adding a new, empty menu to a toolbar