1st slide

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast known for its fermentation properties.

• The scientific name "Saccharomyces" comes from the Greek word meaning "sugar fungus," while
"cerevisiae" comes from the Roman Goddess of the growth of food plants and crops.
• This yeast is commonly used in baking, brewing, and winemaking.
• It is also used as a probiotic to support gut health.

• Today, S. cerevisiae is used in a variety of other applications as well.

• Unicellular fungus that reproduces by budding from pre-existing cells.

• Features a dynamic, rigid cell wall for protection and osmotic support.
• Cells are round to ovoid, approximately 5-10 micrometers in diameter.
• All strains can grow aerobically on glucose, maltose, and trehalose.
• Growth on other sugars varies; galactose and fructose are best fermenting sugars.
• Known for its presence on ripe fruits, bark of tree species, and some insects.

EXPLANATION:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a type of yeast that is widely used in baking, brewing, and winemaking. It is also
used as a probiotic to support gut health. The name "Saccharomyces" means "sugar fungus" in Greek, while
"cerevisiae" comes from the Roman Goddess of the growth of food plants and crops. This unicellular fungus
reproduces by budding and has a dynamic, rigid cell wall for protection and osmotic support. Its cells are
round to ovoid (resembling an egg in shape), approximately 5-10 micrometers in diameter. All strains can grow
aerobically on glucose, maltose, and trehalose, but growth on other sugars varies. It is known for its presence on
ripe fruits, bark of tree species, and some insects.

2nd slide

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a part of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and
vagina.
• It has been reported to cause clinical syndromes such as pneumonia, empyema, liver abscess,
peritonitis, vaginitis, esophagitis, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, unexplained fever, and septic shock.

• Fungemia is the most important syndrome caused by S. cerevisiae, which occurs in immunosuppressed
patients and critically ill patients but also in relatively healthy hosts.
• Risk factors associated with invasive Saccharomyces infections are similar to those reported for invasive
candidiasis, except for treatment with a probiotic containing S. cerevisiae subtype boulardii.
• S. cerevisiae subtype boulardii infections are associated with probiotic therapy, and the organisms can
persist on environmental surfaces for up to 2 hours.
• Central venous catheters may be the portal of entry for S. cerevisiae infections caused by subtype
boulardii.

EXPLANATION:
Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is typically found in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and vagina
as part of the normal flora, it has been known to cause a variety of clinical syndromes, including empyema,
pneumonia, vaginitis, peritonitis, cellulitis, urinary tract infection, unexplained fever, liver abscess, and septic
shock. The most significant syndrome associated with S. cerevisiae is fungemia, which can affect
immunosuppressed patients, critically ill patients, and even those who are generally healthy. Risk factors for
invasive Saccharomyces infections are similar to those for invasive candidiasis, with the exception of probiotic
therapy involving S. cerevisiae subtype boulardii. Infections caused by this subtype are associated with
probiotic use and can persist on surfaces for up to 2 hours. Central venous catheters may serve as a portal of
entry for S. cerevisiae infections caused by subtype boulardii.
3rd slide

• Saccharomyces infection is similar to invasive candidiasis.

• Common symptoms include fever (75%) and chorioretinitis.
• Treatment involves withdrawal of probiotic regimen, antifungal agent administration, and removal of
central venous catheters.
• S. cerevisiae is consistently susceptible to amphotericin B and flucytosine.

• Most isolates are moderately susceptible to fluconazole and itraconazole, but high-level resistance has
been reported.
• Voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin have good activity.
• Fungemias can occur in immunocompetent patients and immunocompromised patients.
• Central venous catheter contamination is the main portal into the bloodstream.
• Fluconazole and amphotericin B are effective antifungals.
• Probiotic administration should be contraindicated for patients of fragile health and those with a central
venous catheter.

EXPLANATION:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a type of yeast that can cause infections similar to invasive candidiasis. The most
common symptoms of this type of infection are fever and eye problems. To treat it, doctors will stop giving
patients probiotics, provide medicine that kills the yeast, and remove tubes from their body that could be
letting the yeast in.

Amphotericin B and flucytosine are the most effective medicines against the yeast.

While fluconazole and itraconazole can be moderately successful in treating the infection, some fungal strains
may be resistant to them.

Voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin are other medicines that can treat the yeast.

The yeast can infect both healthy and sick patients.

Central venous catheter contamination is the main way the yeast enters the bloodstream.

Fluconazole and amphotericin B are effective in treating the yeast infection.

It is important to avoid giving probiotics to patients with fragile health or those with a central venous catheter
because it can worsen the infection.