CHAPTER

Progressions

1.1 Arithmetic Progression

A

Determine whether each of the following is an arithmetic progression.

Example
(a) 2, 5, 8, 11, 14
T1 T2 T 3 T 4
T2 T1
T3 T2
T4 T3
T5 T4

(b) 2, 0, 2, 5

T5

T1 T2 T3 T4

=52=3
=85=3
= 11 8 = 3
= 14 11 = 3

T2 T1 = 0 2 = 2
T3 T2 = 2 0 = 2
T4 T3 = 5 (2) = 3
d is not a constant.
Therefore 2, 0, 2, 5 is not an arithmetic
progression.

d = 3 is a constant.
Therefore 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 is an arithmetic
progression.
1. 4, 7, 10, 13, .....

2. 6, 11, 16, 21, .....

T2 T1 = 7 4
=3
T3 T2 = 10 7
=3
T4 T3 = 13 10
=3
d=3

T2 T1 = 11 6
=5
T3 T2 = 16 11
=5
T4 T3 = 21 16
=5
d=5

Therefore, 4, 7, 10, 13 is an arithmetic

progression.

Therefore, 6, 11, 16, 21 is an arithmetic

progression.

3. 8, 11, 14, 18, .....

4. 8, 5, 2, 1, .....

T2 T1 = 11 8
=3
T3 T2 = 14 11
=3
T4 T3 = 18 14
=4
d is not a constant.

T2 T1 = 5 8
= 3
T3 T2 = 2 5
= 3
T4 T3 = 1 2
= 3
d = 3

Therefore, 8, 11, 14, 18 is not an arithmetic

progression.

Therefore, 8, 5, 2, 1 is an arithmetic
progression.

5. 1.1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.1, .....

6. 7, 2, 3, 8 .....

T2 T1 = 0.8 1.1
= 0.3
T3 T2 = 0.5 0.8
= 0.3
T4 T3 = 0.1 0.5
= 0.4
d is not a constant.

T2 T1 = 2 (7)
=5
T3 T2 = 3 (2)
=5
T 4 T3 = 8 3
=5
d=5

Therefore, 1.1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.1 is not an arithmetic

progression.

Therefore, 7, 2, 3, 8 is an arithmetic
progression.

Find the sixth term of the following arithmetic progressions.

Example
1. 3, 7, 11, .....
6, 13, 20, .....
a = 3,

d = 11 7
=4
Tn = a + (n 1)d
T6 = 3 + (6 1)(4)
= 23

a = 6,

d = 13 6
=7
Tn = a + (n 1)d
T6 = 6 + (6 1)7
= 41

2. 6, 2, 2, .....

a = 6,

3. 3, 2, 7, .....

d=26
= 4

a = 3,

Tn = a + (n 1)d
T6 = 6 + (6 1)(4)
= 14

d = 2 3
= 5

Tn = a + (n 1)d
T6 = 3 + (6 1)(5)
= 22

4. 12, 7, 2, 3, .....

5. 5, 9, 13, 17, .....

a = 12, d = 7 12
= 5

a = 5, d = 9 (5)
= 4

Tn = a + (n 1)d
T6 = 12 + (6 1)(5)
= 13

Tn = a + (n 1)d
T6 = 5 + (6 1)(4)
= 25

Solve the following problems.

Example
1. The third term and the eighth term of an arithmetic
progression are 22 and 57 respectively. Find the first
term and the common difference.

The third term and the fifth term of an arithmetic

progression are 23 and 39 respectively. Find the
first term and common difference.

Tn = a + (n 1)d
T3 = a + (3 1)d
T3 = a + 2d
T8 = a + (8 1)d
T8 = a + 7d

Tn = a + (n 1)d
T3 = a + (3 1)d
T3 = a + 2d
T5 = a + (5 1)d
T5 = a + 4d

a + 2d = 22 1
a + 7d = 57 2

a + 2d = 23 1
a + 4d = 39 2

2 1:
2 1:

From 1 ,

2d = 16
d =8

5d = 35
d =7

From 1 , a = 22 2(7)
=8

a + 2d = 23
a = 23 2(8)
=7

2. The third term and the seventh term of an arithmetic

progression are 31 and 79 respectively. Find the
first term and the common difference.

3. The fourth and the sixth terms of an arithmetic

progression are 1 and 5 respectively. Find the
first term and the common difference.

Tn = a + (n 1)d
T3 = a + (3 1)d
T3 = a + 2d
T7 = a + (7 1)d
T7 = a + 6d

T4 = a + (4 1)d
= a + 3d
T6 = a + (6 1)d
= a + 5d

a + 2d = 31 1
a + 6d = 79 2

a + 3d = 1 1
a + 5d = 5 2

2 1:

2 1:

4d = 48
d = 12

From 1 , a = 31 2(12)
= 7

2d = 6
d = 3

From 1 , a = 1 + 9
= 10

Find the sum of the first 6 terms of each arithmetic progression below.

Example
1. 6, 13, 20, ...
3, 2, 7, ...
a = 3, d = 2 3
= 5

a = 6, d = 13 6
=7

n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
6
S6 = [3 + (6 1)(5)]
2
6
= [3 25]
2
= 3(22)
= 66

n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
6
S6 = [2(6) + (6 1)(7)]
2
6
= [47]
2
= 3(47)
= 141

2. 5, 2, 1, ...

3. 8, 5, 2, ...

a = 5, d = 2 5
= 3

a = 8, d = 5 8
= 3

n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
6
S6 = [2(5) + (6 1)(3)]
2
6
= [5]
2
= 3(5)
= 15

n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
6
S6 = [2(8) + (6 1)(3)]
2
6
= [1]
2
= 3(1)
=3

4. 2, 2, 6, ...

5. 27, 22, 17, ...

a = 2, d = 2 (2) = 4

a = 27, d = 22 27 = 5

6
S6 = [2(2) + (6 1)4]
2
= 3[4 + 5(4)]
= 3(16)
= 48

6
S6 = [2(27) + (6 1)(5)]
2
= 3[54 + 5(5)]
= 3(29)
= 87

Calculate the sum of all the terms for each of the arithmetic progressions below.

Example
1.

2, 6, 10, 14, ..., 50

n
Sn = [a + l]
2
13
S13 = (2 + 50)
2
= 338

Tn = 50
a + (n 1)d = 50
2 + (n 1)4 = 50
4n 4 = 48
4n = 52
n = 13
2.

Tn = 97
a + (n 1)d
3 + (n 1)(2)
3 + 2n 2
2n
n

3.

10, 8, 6, ..., 12

Tn = 12
a + (n 1)d = 12
10 + (n 1)(2) = 12
2n + 2 = 22
2n = 24
n = 12

3, 5, 7, ..., 97

n
Sn = (a + l)
2
12
S12 = [10 + (12)]
2
= 6(2)
= 12

= 97
= 97
= 97
= 96
= 48

n
Sn = (a + l)
2
48
S48 = (3 + 97)
2
= 2400

12, 7, 2, ..., 33

Tn = 33
a + (n 1)d
12 + (n 1)(5)
5n 5
5n
n

= 33
= 33
= 45
= 50
= 10

n
Sn = (a + l)
2
10
S10 = (12 + 33)
2
= 5(21)
= 105

5. The fourth term of an arithmetic progression is

29 and the sum of the first eight terms is 260.
Find
(a) the first term and the common difference,
(b) the sum from the fourth term to the tenth term.

4. The sum of n terms of an arithmetic progression is

given by Sn = 2n2 + 5n. Find
(a) the first term,
(b) the common difference.
(a) S1 = a
Sn = 2n2 + 5n
S1 = 2(1)2 + 5(1)
=7
a=7

(a) T4 = 29 S8 = 260
a + (4 1)d = 29
a + 3d = 29 1
8
[2a + (8 1)d] = 260
2
4(2a + 7d) = 260
2a + 7d = 65 2
From 1 , 2(29 3d) + 7d = 65
58 6d + 7d = 65
d=7
a = 29 3d
= 29 3(7)
=8
10
(b) S10 S3 = [2(8) + (10 1)(7)]
2
3
[2(8) + (3 1)(7)]
2
3
= 5(79) (30)
2
= 395 45
= 350

(b) S2 = 2(2)2 + 5(2)

= 8 + 10
= 18
T2 = 18 7
= 11
T2 = a + (2 1)d
11 = 7 + d
d=4
or
d = T2 T1
= 11 7
=4

7. Find the least number of terms of the arithmetic

progression 2, 6, 10, 14, ..... so that the sum of all
its terms exceeds 200.

6. An arithmetic progression has 12 terms. The sum

of all 12 terms is 192, and the sum of the odd terms
is 90. Find
(a) the first term and the common difference,
(b) the last term.

a = 2;

S12 = 192; T1 + T3 + T5 + T7 + T9 + T11 = 90

d=62=4
Sn 200

n
[2(2) + (n 1)(4)] 200
2
n
(4 + 4n 4) 200
2
n(2n) 200
n2 100
n2 100 0
(n 10)(n + 10) 0
n 10 or n 10
(not accepted)
n = 11

(a) 6a + 2d + 4d + 6d + 8d + 10d = 90
6a + 30d = 90
a + 5d = 15 1
12
[2a + (12 1)d] = 192
2
6(2a + 11d) = 192
2a + 11d = 32
From 1 , 2(15 5d) + 11d = 32
30 10d + 11d = 32
d=2
a = 15 5(2)
=5

n0

(b) T12 = a + (12 1)d

= 5 + 11(2)
= 5 + 22
= 27

10

10
n0

8. Given the first three terms of an arithmetic

progression are a, 2a 1 and 2a + 3. Find
(a) the value of a,
(b) the sum of the next 12 terms.

9. The second term of an arithmetic progression is 2.

The sixth term is more than the sum of the first ten
terms by 75. Find
(a) the first term,
(b) the common difference,
(c) the tenth term.

(a) T2 T1 = T3 T2
2a 1 a = 2a + 3 2a + 1
a1=4
a=5

(a) T2 = a + d
a + d = 2 1
10
T6 = a + 5d; S10 = [2a + 9d]
2
T6 S10 = 75
a + 5d 5(2a + 9d) = 75
a + 5d 10a 45d = 75
9a 40d = 75 2
From 1 , d = 2 a
9a 40(2 a) = 75
9a 80 + 40a = 75
31a = 155
a =5

d = T2 T 1
=a1
=4
15
(b) S15 S3 = [2(5) + (15 1)(4)]
2
3
[2(5) + (3 1)(4)]
2
15
3
= (66) (18)
2
2
= 495 27
= 468

(b) d = 2 a
=25=3
(c) T10 = a + 9d
= 5 + 9(3)
= 22
6

1.2 Geometric Progression

A

Determine whether each of the following is a geometric progression.

Example
(a)

(b)

4, 8, 16, 32

T1 T 2 T 3

6, 12, 24, 48

T1

T4

T2

T 3 T4

T2
12
= = 2
T1
6
T3
24
= 2
=
T2 12
T4 48
= = 2
T3 24

T2
8
= = 2
T1
4
T3 16
= = 2
T2
8
T4 32
= = 2
T3 16

r is not a constant.
Therefore 6, 12, 24, 48, ... is not a geometric
progression

r = 2 is a constant.
Therefore 4, 8, 16, 32, ... is a geometric progression
1. 4, 8, 16, 32, ...

2. 4, 11, 17, 25, ...

T2
8
= = 2
T1
4
T3 16
= = 2
T2
8
T4 32
= = 2
T3 16

T2 11
=
T1
4
T3 17
=
T2 11
T4 25
=
T3 17

r=2
Therefore 4, 8, 16, 32, ... is a geometric
progression

r is not constant.
Therefore 4, 11, 17, 25, ... is not a geometric
progression

3. 16, 8, 4, 2, .....

4. 1, 8, 64, 512, .....

T2
8
1
= =
T1 16 2
T3
4
1
= =
T2
8
2
T4
2
1
= =
T3
4
2

T2
8
= = 8
T1
1
T3 64
= = 8
T2 8
T4 512
= = 8
T3
64
r is not constant.
Therefore 1, 8, 64, 512, ... is not a geometric
progression

1
r =
2
Therefore 16, 8, 4, 2, ... is a geometric
progression

Find the eighth term of each of the following geometric progressions.

Example
1. 2, 6, 18, 54, ...
3, 6, 12, 24, ...
6
a = 2, r =
2
r=3

6
a = 3, r =
3
r = 2

Tn = ar n 1
T8 = (2)(3)8 1
= 2(3)7
= 4374

Tn = ar n 1
T8 = 3(2)8 1
= 3(2)7
= 384

2. 6, 12, 24, 48, ...

3. 7, 21, 63, 189, ...

12
a = 6, r =
6
r=2

21
a = 7, r =
7
r = 3

Tn = ar n 1
T8 = (6)(2)8 1
= 6(2)7
= 768

Tn = ar n 1
T8 = 7(3)8 1
= 7(3)7
= 15 309

4. 3, 12, 48, 192, ...

5 5 5
5. 5, , , , ...
2 4 8

1
2
a = 5, r = =
2
5
Tn = ar n 1
1 81
T8 = (5)
2
1 7
= 5
2
5
=
128

12
a = 3, r =
3
= 4

( )
( )

Tn = ar n 1
T8 = (3)(4)8 1
= 3(4)7
= 49 152
27
6. 4, 6, 9, , ...
2

1 1
1
7. 1, , , , ...
3 9
27

6
a = 4, r =
4
3
=
2

1
a = 1, r =
3

( )

1 7
T8 = 1
3
1
=
2187

( )

3 7
T8 = 4
2
11
= 68
32
8

Solve the following problems.

Example

1. The third and the fourth term of a geometric

progression are 12 and 8 respectively. Find the first
term and the common ratio.

The second term and the fourth term of a geometric

progression are 6 and 54 respectively. Find the first
term and the common ratio (r 0).

Given
T3 = ar2 = 12
T4 = ar3 = 8

T2 = ar2 1 = ar
T4 = ar4 1 = ar3

ar3
8
2 =
ar
12
2
r =
3
ar2 = 12
2 2
a = 12
3
4
a = 12
9
a = 27

Given ar = 6 and ar3 = 54,

ar3
54
=
ar
6
r2 = 9
r =3
ar = 6
a(3) = 6
a=2

( )

2. The third term and the sixth term of a geometric

progression are 27 and 8 respectively. Find the first
term and the common ratio. Hence, find the fifth
term.
Given
2 2
T3 = ar2 = 27
a = 27
T6 = ar5 = 8
3
4
ar5
8
a = 27
2 =
9
ar
27
3
8
a = 60
r3 =
4
27
2
r =
3 2 4
T5 = 60
3
4 3
= 12

3. In a geometric progression, the second term is 8

more than the first term and the third term is 24
more than the second term. Find
(a) the common ratio,
(b) the first term,
(c) the fifth term.

4. In the geometric progression 8, 32, 128, ..., find the

first term which exceeds 8 200.

5. Find the number of terms in the geometric

1
progression 4 096, 512, 64, ..., .
4 096
1
Tn =
4 096
1
n1
ar
=
4 096
512 n 1
1
(4 096)
=
4 096
4 096
1 n1
1
= 4
84
8
8
1 n1
1

= 8
8
8
n1 = 8
n = 9

( )

(a) T2 T1 = 8;
T3 T2 = 24
ar a = 8
a(r 1) = 8 1
ar2 ar = 24
ar(r 1) = 24 2

( )( )

Tn
ar n 1
32 n 1
(8)
8
8(4)n 1
(4)n 1
(n 1)log10 4
n1
n
n

( )

2 1:r=3

8 200
8 200
8 200

8 200
1 025
log10 1 025
5
6
=7

( )
( )

The seventh term is the first term that exceeds

8 200.
9

(b) From 1 ,
a(2) = 8
a =4
(c) T5 = ar4
= (4)(3)4
= 324

Calculate the sum of the first six terms for each of the geometric progressions below.

Example

1. 3, 6, 12, ...

2, 6, 18, ...
6
a = 2, r =
2
=3

6
a = 3, r =
3
= 2

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
2(36 1)
S6 =
31
= 728

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
3[(2)6 1]
S6 =
2 1
= 63

2. 3, 6, 12, ...

3. 2, 8, 32, ...
6
a = 3, r =
3
=2

8
a = 2, r =
2
=4

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
3(26 1)
S6 =
21
= 189

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
2(46 1)
S6 =
41
= 2 730

4. 3, 6, 12, ...

1
5. 2, 1, , ...
2
1
a = 2, r =
2

6
a = 3, r =
3
= 2

[( ) ]

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
3[(2)6 1]
S6 =
2 1
= 63
3 3
6. 3, , , ...
2 4
3

2
a = 3, r =
3
1
=
2

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
1 6
2 1
2
S6 =
1
1
2
63
=
16
15
= 3
16

4 , ...
7. 12, 4,
3
a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
1 6
3 1
2
S6 =
1
1
2
63
=
32
31
= 1
32

4
a = 12, r =
12
1
=
3

[( ) ]

10

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
1 6
12 1
3
S6 =
1
1
3
1456
=
81
79
= 17
81

[( ) ]

Find the sum of all the terms for each of the geometric progressions below.

Example
1. 4, 12, 36, ..., 2 916
5, 10, 20, ..., 640

12
r =
4
=3

10
r =
5
=2
Tn = 640
n1
5(2)
= 640
2n 1 = 128
2n 1 = 27
n1 =7
n =8

Tn = 2 916
n1
4(3)
= 2 916
3n 1 = 729
3n 1 = 36
n1 =6
n =7

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
5(28 1)
S8 =
21
S8 = 1 275

2. 2, 8, 32, ..., 2 048

3. 2, 6, 18, ..., 1 458

8
r =
2
=4
Tn = 2048
n1
2(4)
= 2048
4n 1 = 1024
4n 1 = 45
n1 =5
n =6

6
r =
2
=3
a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
2(46 1)
S6 =
41
S6 = 2 730

Tn = 1458
n1
2(3)
= 1458
3n 1 = 729
3n 1 = 36
n1 =6
n =7

4. 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, ..., 38.4

1 , 1 , ..., 1
5. 1,

2 4
128
1

r= 2
1
1
=
2
1
Tn =
128
1 n1
1

=
2
128
1 n1 = 1 7

2
2
n1 =7
n =8

4.8
r =
2.4
=2
Tn = 38.4
n1
2.4(2) = 38.4
2n 1 = 16
2n 1 = 24
n1 =4
n =5

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
4(37 1)
S7 =
31
S7 = 4 372

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
2.4(25 1)
S5 =
21
S5 = 74.4

( )
( )

11

( )

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
2(37 1)
S7 =
31
S7 = 2 186

a(r n 1)
Sn =
r1
1 8
1 1
2
S8 =
1
1
2
127
= 1
128

[( ) ]

Solve the following problems.

1. In a geometri progression, the third term and the
fifth term are 60 and 240 respectively. Find the
sum of the first six terms.

2. The sum of the first three terms of a geometric

1
progression with a common ratio of is 780.
3
Find
(a) the first term,
(b) the sum of all the terms from the third term to
the eighth term.

T3 = 60; T5 = 240
ar 2 = 60 1
ar 4 = 240 2
2
ar 4 240
: =
1
ar 2
60
r2 = 4
r=2
a(24) = 240
a = 15

1
(a) S3 = 780; r =
3
1 3
a 1
3
= 780
1
1
3
26
a = 520
27
a = 540
(b) S8 S2
1 8
540 1
540 1
3
=
1
1
1
3
71
= 809 720
81
71
= 89
81

[ ( )]
( )

a(rn 1)
S6 =
r1
15(26 1)
=
21
= 945

( ( ))

3. In the progression 1, 3, 9, 27, ..., find the least

number of terms required such that its sum exceeds
1 000.

( ( 13 ) )
2

4. The first term and the common ratio of a geometric

4
progression are 27 and respectively. Find the
3
smallest value of n such that the sum to the n terms
exceeds 891.

r = 3; a = 1
Sn 1 000
1 n
(3 1) 1 000
2
3n 1 2 000
3n 2 001
nlog 3 log 2 001
n 6.919
n =7

4
a = 27, r =
3

[( ) ]

4 n
27 1
3
891
4
1
3
4 n
1 11
3
4 n
12
3
4
nlog log 12
3
n 8.64
n=9

( )
( )

The least number of terms required is 7.

The smallest value of n is 9.

12

G Estimate the sum to infinity of the following geometric progression.

Example

1. 20, 10, 5, ...

243, 81, 27, 9, ...
81
1
a = 243, r = =
243 3
243
S =
1
Tip
1
a
3
S =
3
1r
= 243
where r = 0
2
= 364.5

2. 27, 18, 12, ...

1
a = 20; r =
2
20
S =
1
1
2
= 20 2
= 40

3. 4, 0.4, 0.04, 0.004, ...

2
a = 27; r =
3
27
S =
2
1
3
= 27 3
= 81

2
1
4. 16, 10 , 7 , ...
3
9

a = 4; r = 0.1
4
S =
1 0.1
4
=
0.9
4
= 4
9

5. Estimate the sum to infinity of the following series

1
1
9 + 3 + 1 + + + ...
3
9

2
10
2
3 =
a = 16; r =
3
16
S

3
1
a = 9; r = =
9
3
9
S =
1
1
3
1
= 13
2

16
=
2
1
3
= 48

6. A geometric progression with 28 as its first term

has the sum to infinity of 70. Find its common
ratio.
a = 28; S = 70
a
S =
1r
28
70 =
1r
70 70r = 28
70r = 42
42 3
r = =
70 5

7. The first term of a geometric progression is 12 and

the sum to infinity is 24. Find its common ratio.
a = 12; S = 24
12
24 =
1r
24 24r = 12
24r = 12
1
r =
2

13

H Write the following recurring decimal numbers as a single fraction in its lowest terms.

Example
1. 0.6666...
0.333... = 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + ...
a = 0.3,

0.03
r =
0.3
= 0.1

0.6666 = 0.6 + 0.06 + 0.006 ...

a = 0.6,

a
S =
1r
0.3
=
1 0.1
0.3
=
0.9
3
=
9
1
=
3
2. 0.131313 ...

0.6
S =
1 0.1
0.6
=
0.9
2
=
3

3. 0.459459459 ...

0.131313 = 0.13 + 0.0013 + 0.000013 ...

0.459459459 = 0.459 + 0.000459 ...

0.0013
a = 0.13, r =
0.13
= 0.01

a = 0.459,

0.13
S =
1 0.01
0.13
=
0.99
13
=
99

4. 0.555 ...

0.06
r =
0.6
= 0.1

0.000459
r =
0.459
= 0.001

0.459
S =
1 0.001
0.459
=
0.999
17
=
37

5. 0.151515 ...

0.555... = 0.5 + 0.05 + 0.005 + ...

0.151515 = 0.15 + 0.0015 + 0.000015

0.05
a = 0.5, r =
0.5
= 0.1

a = 0.15,

0.5
S =
1 0.1
0.5
=
0.9
5
=
9

0.15
S =
1 0.01
0.15
=
0.99
15
=
99
5
=
33
14

0.0015
r =
0.15
= 0.01

SPM Practice 1
1. The sequence 10, 7, 4, ..., 134, 137 is an
arithmetic progression. Find
(a) the number of terms in the progression,
(b) the sum of all the terms in the progression.

8. The amount of insurance coverage for a new car

in the year 2006 was RM80 000. The sum insured
for each following year will decrease by 8% as
compared to the previous year. Calculate the sum
insured for the year 2014.

2. The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic

progression is given by Sn = 6n n2. Find
(a) the fourth term,
(b) the sum of all the terms from the fifth term to
the tenth term.

9. The second term of a geometric progression

exceeds the first term by 8 while the fifth term
exceeds the fourth term by 216. Find the sum of
the first ten terms.

3. Given that the first term and the fifth term of an

arithmetic progression are 6 and 10 respectively.
Find
(a) the common difference,
(b) the tenth term,
(c) the sum of the first ten terms.

10.

50 c
1 coin

4. The sum of the first eight terms of an arithmetic

progression is 132. The fourth term of the
progression is 17. Find
(a) the common difference and the second term,
(b) the sum of all the terms from the 9th term to
the 25th term.

r1

50 c
3 coins

9 coins

Asraf stacked up 50-sen coins as shown in the

diagram. The sequence of the number of coins
in each stack forms a geometric progression.
Calculate
(a) the number of coins in the 10th stack,
(b) the sum of money, in ringgit Malaysia, for the
first ten stacks of coins.

5.
r

50 c

r2

3
3
11. P = x + 3 + + + ... is a series formed from a
4 16
geometric progression with an infinite number of
terms. Find
(a) the value of x,
(b) the value of P.

The diagram shows several circles where the radii

of the circles decrease by 1 unit consecutively.
Show that the circumference of the given circles
form an arithmetic progression. Hence, find the
total circumference of the first 10 circles.

12. The sum of the first 5 terms of an arithmetic

progression is 30 and the sum of the next 5 terms
is 80. Find
(a) the first term and the common difference,
(b) the sum of all the terms from the 11th term to
the 20th term.

6. Given that the first and the fourth terms of a

32
geometric progression are 12 and respectively.
9
Find
(a) the common ratio,
(b) the sum of the first 8 terms.
7. Given that the second and the fourth terms of a
geometric progression are 3 and 27 respectively,
and the common ratio is positive. Find
(a) the common ratio,
(b) the first term,
(c) the seventh term.
15