NATIONAL UNIVERSITY MANILA LOGIC CIRCUITS AND SWITCHING THEORY ENGR. RAFAEL A.

VENTURA

Logic Circuits and Switching Theory

ASSIGNMENT 04 : Karnaugh Mapping

QUESTIONS

1. Discuss briefly what is a Karnaugh Map ( k-map ).

- A Karnaugh map (K-map) is a graphical tool used in digital design to simplify Boolean expressions and reduce the
number of terms in a sum-of-products (SOP) or product-of-sums (POS) form.

2. What are the rules in plotting and executing k-mapping?

- To plot and execute K-mapping:

a. Write the Boolean expression in SOP or POS form.

b. Plot the expression on a K-map grid.
c. Identify and group covered minterms or maxterms together to minimize terms.
d. Write the simplified expression using the grouped terms.
e. Repeat as needed until the desired level of simplification is achieved.

3. Discuss briefly how to execute k-mapping to get the minimum SOP. Given the following truth table.

a. Given 2 Inputs
INPUT OUTPUT
A B F
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 0

b. Given 3 Inputs
INPUT OUTPUT
A B C F
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0

To obtain the minimum Sum of Products (SOP) using K-mapping, construct and populate the K-map with the function's truth
values, form the largest possible groups of adjacent '1's, and derive the SOP expression by writing product terms for each group,
including only constant variables.

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4. Discuss briefly how to execute k-mapping to get the minimum POS. Given the following truth table.

a. Given 2 Inputs
INPUT OUTPUT
A B F
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 0

b. Given 3 Inputs
INPUT OUTPUT
A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY MANILA LOGIC CIRCUITS AND SWITCHING THEORY ENGR. RAFAEL A. VENTURA

1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

To obtain the minimum Product of Sums (POS) using K-mapping, construct and populate the K-map with the function's truth
values, form the largest possible groups of adjacent '0's, and derive the POS expression by writing sum terms for each group,
including only variables that remain constant within the group, and combine these terms using AND operations.

5. Given the following minterm and maxterm expansion, determine the minimum SOP and minimum POS using k-
mapping.
a. F(A, B, C ) = Σm(0, 1, 4, 5)
b. F(A, B, C ) = ΠM(1, 2, 5, 6 )
c. F(A, B, C ) = m1 + m3 + m6 + m7
d. F(A, B, C ) = M1M3M5M7

6. Given the following Boolean expression, determine the minimum SOP and minimum POS using k-mapping.
a. 𝐹 = 𝐴𝐶̅ + 𝐵𝐶̅ + 𝐵𝐶̅ + 𝐴𝐵
b. 𝐹 = ( 𝐴 𝐵+ 𝐶̅)(𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐶̅
c. 𝐹 = 𝐴 𝐵+ 𝐴 𝐵+ 𝐴𝐵𝐶̅ + 𝐴 𝐵𝐶̅

7. Discuss briefly what are don’t-care values in a truth table.

- In a truth table, don't-care values are those values that do not affect the output of a function. They are usually
represented by 'x' in the truth table.
8. How does don’t-care values help to simplify the expression.
- Don't-care values help to simplify the expression by eliminating variables that do not affect the output. This is done
by grouping the don't-care values in the K-map and then simplifying the expression.
9. How do you represent don’t-care values in a :
a. minterm expansion summation ( Σ ) notation
- Σ Notation (Minterm Expansion): Combine the minterms where the output is 1 and the minterms where the
output is a don't-care.

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 b. maxterm expansion product ( Π ) notation
- Π Notation (Maxterm Expansion): Combine the maxterms where the output is 0 and the maxterms where the
output is a don't-care.
10. Answer the following Chapter 5 Question Problems in our reference book
a. Problem No. 5.7
b. Problem No. 5.8
c. Problem No. 5.9
d. Problem No. 5.12
e. Problem No. 5.14

RESOURCES

• E-book :
o Check your Canvas “File Section” for the e-book. ( Files > Ebook )
o Lesson : Unit 5 Karnaugh Maps
▪ Book : Fundamentals of Logic Design 6th Edition
• Open Internet Research
o You can always use information on the internet in answering the assignment if you like.

OTHERS

Assignment Report Requirements :

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY MANILA LOGIC CIRCUITS AND SWITCHING THEORY ENGR. RAFAEL A. VENTURA

1. Answered Assignment file.

2. Selfie with your Assignment.
a. Must be included at the last page of your assignment file.

Note :
• Submit your document in PDF file format only.
• All pictures / images must be clear and readable.
o For window screenshots ( window snips ) , include a portion of your desktop background.
o When taking pictures, adjust your light source if necessary.
• Submission date : within the given time period only.

Message me for questions or clarifications about the activity.

Thank you Engineers.

Stay Safe. Always. Smile

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