Police Patrol Operations with Police Communication System

Department of Criminal Justice Education

Law Enforcement Administration
2019

TOS:
3.1 Introduction to Police Patrol; (2.5%)
3.2 Police Patrol Method and Tactics; (2.5%)
3.3 Patrol Supervision; (2.5%)
3.4 Support to the Patrol Effort; (3%)
3.5 The Integrated Patrol System of the PNP; (2%)
3.6 Contemporary Policing Strategies; and (2.5%)
3.7 Police Communication System. (2.5%)

SYLLABUS:
Police Patrol Operations with Police Communication System

The Importance and Objectives of Police Patrol

Patrol as the Backbone of a Police 1. First of all, it is the only division that
Organization
Patrol as the Essence of Police Function
cannot be eliminated.
2. Patrol officer is the primary agency
representative. The majority of contacts
between the public and police occur between
citizen and patrol.
3. Patrol provides the initial response every
event requiring police presence.
4. The patrol officer is the only member of the
law enforcement agency to be involved in
practically every incident calling for police
action.
1. Prevention of crime and repression of
criminal activities
2. Preservation of peace and order
3. Protection of life and property
4. Enforcement of laws and ordinances
and regulation of non-criminal conduct
5. Investigation of crimes
6. Apprehension of criminals
7. Safeguarding of citizens’ rights and
public morals (R. Manwong, p.61)

Goals and Objectives of Police Patrol 1. Preventing crimes

2. Arresting and prosecuting offender
3. Recovering stolen and missing property
4. Assisting the sick
5. Enforcing non-criminal regulations
 6. Delivering services not available elsewhere
in the community
a. Law Enforcement – this embraces crime
prevention and crime control role,
including the customary police functions.
b. Order Maintenance – peace keeping on
community service role or social
Importance of Patrol 1. Patrol is the essence of police
operations.
2. The patrol group is the single largest
unit in the police organization.
3. Actions taken by the patrol officer
have the most direct impact on the citizen’s
satisfaction and on the accomplishment of
police goals and objectives.
4. Patrol operation is the most visible
form of activity that enhances the welfare and
security of the community.
5. Individual patrol officers represent the
police department in its contact with the
community.
6. Individual patrol officers play a major
role in determining the quality of justice in a
given community. Errors made by patrolmen
have significant negative effect in the public’s
perception and on the other components of the
CJS.
7. The patrol officer is the most
important human element of the police
organization since all police field operations
are supported by the patrol activity. (R. Manwong,
p.60)

Factors Affecting Patrol Operations(p.5)

Internal Factors a. higher pay
b. endorsement by higher authorities
External Factors a. trust and confidence of the people
b. participation of the public in patrol
activities
c. support of the barangay officials
Occupational Hazards Physical Hazards (Violence, Accidents)
Psychological Hazards (Emotional Distress)
Physiological hazards (Substance abuse:
Chemical dependency)
Social hazards (isolation from the public and
family)

Organization and Staffing of the Patrol Functions
Organization Principles
Patrol Force Staffing
Patrol Force Deployment and Scheduling
Economic hazards (Salary & career
limitations)
1. Specialization – division of work
2. Authority – right to give orders
3. Discipline – respect with the standing
agreement between the firm and employees
4. Unity of command – one command
from one supervisor
5. Span of control - limit the number of
individual that one person effectively
supervise.
6. Chain of command – information must be
transmitted in the hierarchy of authority.
7. Manning level - In the Philippine setting,
the rule regarding the manning level of the
police is provided under section 27 of
Republic Act # 6975. The standard manning
level is 1:500 (1 police officer for every 500
residents). However, in extreme conditions,
this manning level maybe stretched to
maximum, which is 1:1000 (1 police officer
for every 1,000 resident).
• Allocation and distribution of
personnel resources
• Personnel allocation is the
determination of the overall number of
personnel
• Personnel distribution is the
assignment of personnel
• Must be based on geography,
organizations operations and service demand
 Considerations For Deployment
1. Terrain - rivers, vital installations
and landmarks
2. Size – land area
3. Population – traditions, culture, dialect
4. Workload - based on proportionate
needs; number of cases handled; average time
required; shifting hours and time lost thru
vacation, offs
 Factors To Consider
1. Amount and nature of vehicle and
pedestrian
 2. Existence of public gatherings
3. Temporary and longstanding tensions
4. Presence of illegal and disorderly
street

Police Patrol Methods (Manwong, p.63-71)

Type of Patrol Advantages Disadvantages
Foot 1. Greater personal contact with the 1. Low mobility
public leading to increased community resulting to limited coverage
support for the police. Police becomes of the patrol area.
closer to the community residents. 2. Low response time to
2. Greater opportunity to develop telephone complaints.
sources of information. 3. Foot patrol method
3. High police visibility. Regular involves a large number of
police presence discourages criminals personnel, since officers are
and provides greater sense of security to assigned on small areas of
storekeepers, females, and elderly jurisdiction called posts and
persons. beats.
4. Places not accessible by motor
vehicles are reached and patrolled. Patrol
officers can enter small alleys and side
streets.
5. Easier detection of criminal
activities. Foot patrol provides closer
observation of the environment and the
circumstances that may require
immediate police attention.
6. Easy discovery and
familiarization on the layout of the beat.
In-depth knowledge of the character and
problems of the patrol area
Automobile 1. High mobility allowing coverage 1. Diminished personal
of greater area. contact with the public.
2. Quicker response time to 2. Little opportunity to
complaints. Greater efficiency in develop sources of
responding to emergency calls and other information.
called-for services 3. Marked police vehicle
3. More economical as compared to hampers apprehension and
foot patrol. surveillance operations.
4. Enable more effective street
pursuit of offenders.
5. Enable more effective traffic
enforcement.
6. Provide an element of surprise,
especially when crime is in progress.
7. Provide the officers with
 necessary protection during inclement
weather.
8. Enable officers to carry
supplementary equipment essential in
patrolling.
One Man
Automobile 1. Preventive enforcement is
Patrol doubled by having twice as many police
cars on the street
2. An officer who is alone devotes
his full attention to driving and beat
observation rather than conversing with
his partner
3. Personality clashes are reduced
and/or avoided
4. Promotes self-reliance and self-
confidence.

Two Man 1. Provides officers with greater

Automobile safety by doubling the firepower and
Patrol physical protection
2. Mistake made by one officer may
be noticed and immediately corrected by
his partner
3. Each officer could get rest and
thus perform more effectively since each
does not have to drive for full 8 hours of
duty
4. Beneficial since two pairs of eyes
are better than one.
5. One could operate the radio while
the other one drives.
6. Sleeping on duty could be
avoided especially for the one who is
driving since he has a companion who
keeps him awake
Bicycle 1. Lower-cost (inexpensive) to
operate as compared to motorcycle and
automobiles
2. Areas not accessible by patrol
cars or are too wide for foot patrol can be
covered by bicycle
3. Increased mobility and stealth
since bicycle can be operated quietly and
without attracting too much attention. In
 Seattle, Washington, for, example,
bicycle officers use bikes to whip around
corners and surprise drug dealers. This
type of patrol provides the maximum
stealth and mobility to patrol officers.
4. Found to be highly effective in
combating theft, vandalism in residential
areas, parks, shopping malls, etc. The
Seattle City’s 20 bicycle officers have
averaged five times the number of arrests
made by foot patrols in the downtown
area.
5. Effectively used by
plainclothesmen for surveillance in high
crime areas wherein officers wearing
nondescript clothes could blend with the
apparels worn by the criminals
Motorcycle Most police departments have their 1. relatively high cost to
motorcycles marked with the same operate
insignia as their patrol cars. Motorcycles 2. limited use in bad
are beginning to be a favorite of patrol weather
officers because of the ease and speed of 3. inability to carry
moving around. Motorcycle patrol has additional equipment or
many of the same advantages as officers
automobile patrol, especially in speed 4. the danger involved in
and maneuverability. Motorcycles have riding them
greater access than automobiles to some
areas and are better suited to heavy
traffic, narrow alleys and rugged terrain.
Horse 1. assist in evidence searches at
crime scenes
2. round up straying cattle after a
truck has tipped over
3. search for lost children in tall corn
or grass where men on foot would be
ineffective.

Aircraft 1. Able to travel at low speeds, to 1. Very expensive – high

hover if necessary, and to land even in cost of training of
small patch of flat land. pilots/operators, buying, fuel,
2. Increased visual range/scope. and special facilities for
3. More efficient for rescue, medical housing and maintenance.
evacuation, surveillance, and other high 2. Public complaints
profile police activities. about the noise and about
4. Improved response time to being spied upon.
emergency calls and other called-for 3. Forcibly grounded
 service. during bad weather.
5. Increased rate of apprehension of 4. Smog and light or
professional and organized crime groups. intermittent clouds affect
6. Improved efficiency of regular visibility.
patrol units through airborne 5. Presence of various
reconnaissance. hazards especially in
7. Increased ability in conducting congested areas, such as high
searches for missing or lost people wires and smog.
suspected offenders and escaping 6. There are landing
prisoners. patterns or procedures that
8. Provide a better system of flood must be followed, which
lighting areas to be patrolled at night. delays landing time.
9. Capable of broadcasting 7. Pilots must work
information to a large area through shorter periods of time than
airborne speakers. regular police shifts since
10. Provide rapid emergency driver of helicopters easily
transportation of personnel. suffer work fatigues.
11. Added security to patrol officers 8. There are many
on foot, motorcycles or in patrol cars tactical problems to overcome
through backup offered by aerial patrol. such as location of police
units on ground and the exact
location of addresses
9. Element of surprise is
lost since criminals could
hear the helicopter coming
even from a great distance
Canine 1. Provide great assistance in search 1. Most police dogs
and rescue as well as in smelling out work with only one handler.
drugs and bombs. 2. K-9, like most dogs, is
2. Provide protection for 1-officer territorial, and its handler and
patrol. Officer/s assigned to a high-crime its K-9 cruiser are part of its
area has little to fear with a well-trained territory.
canine at their side. 3. Dog training is
3. Great value in crowd control expensive. Dog training
since: usually takes 10 to 12 weeks.
a. properly trained dogs are virtually 4. Police department that
fearless; and initiates a K9 section is
b. totally loyal to their handlers have vulnerable to law suits.
a significant psychological effect on
would-be trouble makers
4. Extensively used in international
airports to detect narcotics and bombs
because of their keen sense of smell. A
dog is capable of recognizing an odor 10
million times better than a human can.
5. Specially trained dogs are
 extremely effective in finding bodies –
dead or alive, just buried or buried for
years.
6. Locating trapped people during
emergencies.
7. Can be an asset to public relations
efforts.
8. Well-trained police dogs can be
used for demonstrations in public affairs,
schools, or parades
9. German Shepherd
WOLVES
– It stands for Wireless Operational Link
and Video Exploration System; the
system of attaching a miniature camera
and transmitter to a search dog; this
equipment make man’s best friend and
even better friend, because the dog can
now be the eyes and ears of his handler in
situations where saving life is paramount
objective.

Bloodhounds – These tracking dog; a

large powerful dog with drooping ears,
sagging jowls, and keen sense of smell,
formerly used for tracking.
Marine 1. search and rescue/recovery for
drowning victims
2. routine patrol
3. buoying and marking
4. removal of navigation hazards
5. water safety inspections
6. water accident investigations
7. deterring boating law violations
such as reckless operation
8. checking fishing licenses and
catch limits

Patrol Tactics, Strategies and Activities

Types of Police Patrol: Preventive, Proactive Preventive Patrol
and Reactive Refer to patrol activities aimed at
deterrence; detention, interview and
conversations with citizens
 Proactive
Those that attempt to prevent crime
occurring, use of crime analysis, to see trends
developing in the area and take measures to
intercede

Reactive
Efforts to respond to existing situations
and try to resolve them

Team Policing Team Policing represents an attempt to

integrate the police and community
interests into a working relationship so as to
produce the desired objective of peace
keeping in the community. (Manwong,p.77)
Characteristics of Team Policing
a. Geographic stability of the patrol force.
b. Maximum interaction between team
members
c. Maximum communication between team
members and community residents

High and Low-Visibility Patrol High Police Visibility (Police Omnipresence)

- Discouraged criminals by causing
them to fear detection and arrest.
Low Visibility (Low Profile)
- Increases the opportunity to apprehend
criminals by lulling them into
believing that their crimes will not be
detected.

This type of patrol assign both undercover

and uniformed officers to those areas where
incidents are likely to occur. (Delizo,p.53)
Decoy Patrol Discreet patrol with cover in a specific
target/objective.
In decoy, officers dress as, and play the role
of, potential victims –drunks, nurses, business
people, tourists, prostitutes, blind people, or
defenseless elderly people. The officers wait
to be the subject of a crime while a team of
backup isready to apprehend the violator in
the act of committing the crime.
 Split-Force Patrol
Directed Deterrent Patrol
Patrol Activities
Patrol Supervision
Selection of Patrol Supervisors
The Supervisor’s Role
Half of patrol force to look after specific
assigned tasks while the other half roams
freely, acting as a reserve
An alternative to random routine patrol is
directed patrol, in which officers are
given specific directions to follow when they
are not responding to calls.
Criminals execute their illegal activities
where police lax and inefficient
• High level of police visibility
enhances citizens a feeling of safety and
security and a feeling of fear from the would
be criminal or “omnipresence”
a. Suppression of criminal activities
b. Apprehension of criminals
c. Regulation off non-criminal conduct
• Based from the candidate’s profile
• Long exposure and background in
patrol activities
• Or most senior middle-level officer to
lead patrol division
• Most senior non-commissioned officer
as platoon supervisor
QUALITIES OF A GOOD MANAGER
1. Thorough knowledge of and
experience in the job
2. Tact and good judgment
3. Sales Ability
4. Resourcefulness and Ingenuity
5. Systematized methods of handling
routine work
6. Thorough understanding of the
term “Service”
7. Leadership
1. Strategic planner
2. Operational planner
3. Organizer
4. Staffing
5. Teacher, coach
6. Motivator
7. Counselor
8. . Leader
9. Disciplinarian
10. Resource allocator
 11. Spoke person
12. Negotiator
13. Team builder
14. Team player
15. Technical problem solver
16. Disturbance handler
17. Liaison
18. Entrepreneur – initiate/innovate
new opportunities
19. Monitor – know what is going on
in the office
20. Role model (figure head); symbol
of the office
Developing and Motivating Subordinates A concept designating the factor that
move human beings to achieve desired goals
and objectives
• Getting organization members to go to
work willingly and enthusiastically
(eagerness)
• Actions that causes someone’s
behavior to change
General Motivation Methods
1. Positive motivation – providing the
opportunity for satisfying personnel matters
2. Negative motivation – threatening
punishment for inappropriate behavior
Instilling Discipline and Boosting Morale • Essential element in work that ensures
overall productivity and an orderly
environment
• The word discipline causes the
problem, at times conflicting, use carefully to
avoid confusion
• Used to describe an adversarial
process resulting in the application of various
kinds of negative sanctions.
• Refers to the state of affairs within a
given organization but produces order, a
shared sense of purpose and common goal-
oriented behavior.
• Discipline is considered to be positive
and means teaching, instruction, training and
remediation
• Purpose is to facilitate collective
action, the internalization of self-control
based on the norms and values of the work
force
Support to Patrol Efforts
Police Records System
Crime Data Analysis
Criminalistics Services
Community Support
The Integrated Patrol System in the Philippines
Features of the Integrated Patrol System
Components of the Integrated Patrol System
a. Police Records System
o Rogues Gallery (photo of suspects)
o blotter
o property book
o clear book (list of criminal and
criminal activities)
o crime statistics, crime map, crime
clock, patrol reports (foot and mobile
analyze pattern of criminal activities
the SOCO shall educate patrol personnel as
First Responders (FR)
• Barangay Pulong-pulong
• Attending Barangay Assembly
• Neighborhood visitation
• Symposium at schools
• Church activities
• Women and children engagement
The campaign against crime is a continuing
concern. It is a war that the police can not win
alone, and can not in any real sense fight
alone. Policed can not change the ‘root
drivers” of crime such as poverty,
unemployment, poor housing, moral
education, freedom, civil liberties, ambitions,
dysfunctional families and other ills of socio-
economic opportunities. Thus, all aspects of
police work should be premised upon active
community consent, trust and
participation.The police is viewed solely as a
professional crime buster and often criticized
if public expectations are not met. On the
other hand, the community needs to believe
that the police is or can become effective
crime buster.
Thus, the police has been compelled to
rethink and redesign its entire approach to the
task through clearer prioritization of targets
with emphasis on prevention, control and
suppression of crime and more resources
moved into proactive policing.
Apprehension Tactics (identifying and
capturing the offender)
a. Evidence - physical evidence that can
be matched to offenders
b. Rapid response - police can prioritize
response to calls for service
c. Planned response: police can use an
offender’s sequence of events to catch him
d. Silent alarms - silent alarms can bring
police to the scene while the offender is still
there
e. Stakeouts- forecast and watching of
the location and time of the offenders
f. Surveillance - “stakeouts” watch a
fixed location; “surveillance” follows a
suspect
g. Informants - those usually works with
detectives and provides information
h. Decoys - discreet patrol with cover in
a specific target/objective
i. Controlled buys - undercover officers,
catch offenders by selling narcotics or
contraband
j. Suspect-oriented patrol – patrolling
for a suspect who matches the description of
an offender
k. Hidden cameras - cameras work when
the offender’s next strike can be limited to
locations
Suppression Tactics (to scare the offenders
away without necessarily catching them)
a. Security guards or dogs
b. Saturation patrol - police triple or
quadruple the normal patrol presence in an
area
c. Directed patrols - involve instructing
officers to visit certain locations at certain
times
d. Profile interview patrols - making
inquiries of anyone who matches the
description of the offender
e. Phantom car/Scarecrow car - police
park those unused cars at a high‐crime
location, hoping to fool offenders into
believing an officer is present
f. Checkpoints – established at routes
through which a serial offender must pass
g. Closures - with this fairly drastic
 tactic, police use legal authority to close
businesses, streets, and public areas affected
by a crime series
h. Killing Markets - police to identify
outlets for sale for stolen goods and then close
them
i. Visible cameras - can help suppress
them if placed in a visible location
Target Hardening Tactics (option for patterns
in which the type of victim or target plays)
a. Security survey - police visit locations
likely to be affected and recommend
prevention options
b. Property identification - potential
victims are encouraged to engrave or record
the serial numbers on their property
c. Warning signs - to reach an
unidentifiable group of potential targets,
police post visible signs
d. Community organization - police use
the resources of “neighborhood watches”
e. Alarms - can reduce the desirability of
a target
f. General community and media
information - police notify potential targets
and for citizens will take their own crime
prevention steps
Patrol Considerations a. Observe precautionary measures while
on patrol
b. Defensive driving and follow traffic
rules
c. Select routes which provides best
visibility
d. Be observant of people, places,
situations or conditions
e. Use tact and persuasiveness when
conducting spot inquiry to individuals for
information
f. When requiring individual for
identification, avoid taking the wallet or bag,
let the individual remove and hand to you
g. Be familiar with known criminals/ex-
convicts
h. Be alert for loiters
i. Keep under close observation actions
of juveniles, agitators and mentally ill
 j. Observe the practice of “shaking
doors” and check signs of intrusion
k. When checking suspicious persons,
places, buildings and vehicles, be prepared to
use service firearm
l. Be familiar with stay-in employees of
business establishments
m. Establish good rapport with the people
in your beat
n. Keep watch of uninhabited place
o. Patrol members shall avoid loitering
in recreational places
p. Develop contact by getting as many
people
q. Always be on the look-out for
indications of vices and other illegal activities
r. Must be knowledgeable of all
conditions in their beat
Fixed Components of the Integrated Patrol A. Improve the police security service
System package
1. Effective law enforcement and crime
prevention and suppression system
 utilization of Police Security
Containment Ring System (PSCRS)
components:
a. Innermost Containment Ring –
Barangay visitation with CVOs, NGOs,
radio groups, fire/ disaster/calamity volunteer
brigades
b. Inner Containment Ring –
foot/beat patrol elements and detective patrol
component
c. Middle Containment Ring –
bicycle or motorcycle-mounted patrols
d. Outer Containment Ring –
mobile patrol units and checkpoints
e. Outermost Containment Ring -
SWAT and anti-terrorist units
2. Adoption of Crime and Information
Management System which will record,
retrieve and analyze crime data
a. Crime clock – time of occurrence of
crime
b. Crime mapping –
geographical/location or place of incidence
c. Crime statistics – comparative crime
trend and according to what crime committed
d. Internal Security Operations mapping
– areas of possible attack from terrorist or
leftist
e. Hazard mapping – identification of
possible areas affected by natural or
manmade calamities
3. Deployment of Police Intelligence and
Investigation Teams which shall conduct legal
offensives against members of syndicated
crime groups to force them out of the locality
or prevent the commission of crime
4. Aggressive Anti-illegal Drugs
Campaign
a. supply and demand reduction
b. clearing of barangays
c. heightened drug education campaign
5. Strengthening of the Programs for
Public Safety and Internal Security
• monitoring of Dissident Terrorists
(DTs) and Communist Terrorists (CTs)
Special Operation and Public Safety
a. Search and Rescue Operation
b. Disaster Relief Operation
c. Civil Disturbance Control
d. Traffic Management Operation
e. VIP Security Operation
f. Airport and Seaport Operation
g. Jericho – establishment of a quick
reaction group
6. Pursuing the objectives of Gender
Awareness Development
• Establishment of Women and
Children Concerns Desk (WCCD)
Anti-crime campaign
1. Ligtas (Anti-Kidnapping) – creation of
PAOCTF
2. Anti-Carnapping
3. With the Joint Anti-Bank Robbery
Action Committee (JABRAC)
4. Anti-Hijacking/Highway Robbery
5. Neutralization of syndicated crime
groups
6. Implementation of Oplan Paglalansag
Omega (Counting of Loose Firearms)
7. Manhunt Bravo (Neutralization of
 Wanted Persons)
8. Paglalansag/Pagaayos-HOPE -
campaign against partisan armed groups and
loose firearms)
9. Bantay Kalye (90% in the field and
10% in office for personnel distribution)
10. Siyasat – conduct inspections to police
stations to ensure police visibility
Implementation of Special Laws
1. Anti-Illegal Gambling
2. Nena (Anti-Prostitution/Vagrancy),
Anti-Pornography and Child Abuse
3. Anti-Smuggling and Anti-Piracy
4. Anti-Cattle Rustling
5. LOI Kalikasan (Anti-Illegal Logging
and Fishing)
6. Anti-Terrorism and Anti-Squatting
B. Strengthen linkages with NGOs, local
and international law enforcement
organizations, the AFP, and Presidential Task
Force and Centers as venues for interagency
and international cooperation and support
C. Enhance the community participation
thru the Community-Oriented Policing
System (COPS)
• Thru improvement of police response
time received on police hotline and at
National Operations Center (NOC) or Tactical
Operations Center (TOC) of each unit of the
PNP
D. Operationalize the Integrated
Area/Community Public Safety Plan
(IA/CPSP)
E. Promote the objectives of an active
Criminal Justice System
F. Device an Effective Feedback
Mechanism
• Ugnayan, website/e-mail, text
messaging and landline, REACT 166 – people
direct links to the police
G. Campaign against PNP personnel
involved in mulcting and extortion
PNP Standard Patrol Procedures a. Attend roll call and debriefing
b. Patrol the assigned beats
c. Respond to calls and entertain
complaints

Contemporary Policing Strategies
Concept and Operation of Community- •
Oriented Policing System
Problem-Oriented Policing System
d. Observe and monitor public
gatherings
e. Prevent crimes and arrest sighted law
violators
f. Inspect and/or conduct surveillance in
various places of business establishment
g. Assist in facilitating flow of traffic
and provide pedestrian information such as
direction of streets
h. Conduct home visitations and
dialogues
i. Report conditions which relates to
crime
j. Enforce ordinances
k. Check suspicious vehicles
l. Shall wear the prescribed patrol
uniform
m. Must have the equipment necessary
Has been aided by the rust of new
technology that has made it easier to move,
communicate, detect, apprehend, obtain
evidence and deal with human problem.
• Citizens continue to be killed and
brutalized by police and relationships between
the police and the community are not good.
• Police become more sensitive to the
problems of the community and develop
harmonious relationship with residents.
• The advent of civil service gradually
removed the influences of partisan politics
and corruptive influences from the operation.
• Development of telephone and cellular
phones had tremendous impact on police
operations and improve police efficiency.
• Proactive approach to solve the
problem of the community and best way to
deliver police service..
• A professional model was adapted to
eliminate deficiencies in law enforcement and
develop style of policing to characterize
fairness.
• Police deal with problems of all kinds,
from serious to minor.
• Emphasis on solving problems rather

Policing Strategies in the Philippines
Police Communication System
History and Fundamental Concepts About •
Police Communication.
Refers to the backbone of police tactics. community as the most effective way to
than dealing or responding with them.
• Deal with underlying conditions that
caused problems.
• Require how people in the
organization are treated and their efforts to the
goals and objectives are valued.
• First, problem solving is a central
element, second, everyone in the department
contributes to this mission, third, analyze
problems before developing solutions.
• The problem-solving system:
scanning-analysis-response-assessment.
• To decentralize the police
organization in order to make it more
responsible to the needs and interest of the
community
• Method of providing police services
with the following characteristics:
1. geographical stability
2. maximum communication and
interaction, coordination and cooperation
among team members
3. communication and interaction
between team members and community
4. management, supervision and decision
making with the participation of team
members
5. de-emphasis of special skills in favor
of a generalist approach considering the team
leaders day-to-day problems
Conflict Management Team concept
has found its place in the law enforcement
handle high-risk incidents
• Instantaneous assaults on the on the
perpetrators’ strongholds have given way to
reliant on technology in the area of
communications system
• The communication specialist can be
used to provide technical assistance by
controlling all communications to the terrorist
• Communications Specialist must be
provided with a background on the various
communications systems, basic electronics
 and SWAT operational procedures in order to
safely and effectively carry out duties
• Communications is one of the primary
systems you need to be a successful police
force.
Importance and Objectives of Police Importance and Objectives of Police
Communication Communication
• The extent to which vital security
forces throughout the world are placing
confidence in the radiotelephone for essential
communication links
Essentials for police communications system
1. Training – communication should
conform to standard procedures
2. Dependability – the system must be
totally dependable under both emergency and
routine conditions
3. Security – system must be secured
from attack
4. Accessibility and Adaptability –
operational units must have convenient access
to every type of communication
5. Speed – develop a language that is
clearly understandable to all its users to
shorten time of delivery of message
Administrative and Operational Administrative and Operational
Communication Net Communication Net
• Radio scheme provides
communication, (a) between mobiles and
their local centers, (b) between mobiles
and regional controls and (c) between local
centers
• Each regional control exercises radio
coverage over an area of the order of 150
kilometers in diameter
• Circuits select and pass only the best
signal being received at any one time,
completely muting the remainder
• Telecommunications systems, an
equipment is primarily designed as carriers,
have the same type of requirements for
documentation.
• Communication points are normally
referred to as nodes or hubs
Basic Needs in Police Communication Four basic needs of communication
Planning  Voice amplification
 Written notes
 Face-to-face
 Telephone
Advantages and Disadvantages of the
basic types of communication
1. Voice amplification – initial means to
contact terrorist by using bullhorn or some
other amplification device
Advantages
a. Negotiator is usually behind adequate
cover
b. Can be intimidating
c. Negotiators may be able to see certain
activities that may enhance communication

 Disadvantages
a. Impersonal and intimidating nature
can become a drawback to establishing a
close
relationship between the terrorist
b. Negotiator needs to be outside and
will be at the mercy of the elements
c. It is not conducive to effective
communication
d. This allows anyone within earshot to
listen to negotiations
e. Inhibits the use of the various
electronic devices to record and monitor the
conversation
2. Written notes – used as last recourse
Advantages
a. Time-consuming; provide a margin of time
B. Precludes any personality clashes in
between
Disadvantages
A. Possibility for intelligence-gathering is
diminished
B. Chances of creating an atmosphere of trust
and understanding is eliminated
C. Chances of misunderstanding of messages
are greatly increased
D. Can be dangerous for the officers who act
as messengers
E. Only notes as means of establishing
communications
F. Used to document negotiated agreements
 3. Face-to-face – most favorable method
of communication but sparingly used due to
safety considerations
Advantages
a. provide opportunity to use all senses
when communicating
B. Allows to see the sincerity on the face
C. Can possibly lead to easing tensions
D. Allows for the effective use of psycho-
linguistic skills
Disadvantages
A. Does not allow the use of sophisticated
electronic equipment
B. Inhibits interaction’
C. Can place unnecessary stresses
D. Prevent from using stalling tactics when
confronted with deteriorating messages
E. Prevents from being given real-time
information or direction from the command
post
F. Prevent coordination with conflict
management team
4. Telephones – most common and
effective means
Advantages
A. Comfortable and safe environment
B. Allows for interaction
C. Provide an efficient method of transmitting
messages worldwide
D. Provide for a selective manipulation
E. Allows for “cooling-down” time
F. Provides for sophisticated intelligence-
gathering operations
G. Provide for the relief or replacement of
additional negotiators
H. Provide opportunities to use various ruses
to confuse or disrupt the enemy plan
Police Radio Communication Police Radio Communication
First in 1920s, strictly one-way broadcast
received in standard in AM radios in patrol
cars.Radio channels is for carrying the bulk of
dispatch traffic, for administrative uses and a
car-to-car channel; some may have 100
channels.Police officers to have good and
humorous line as part of the communication
with the dispatcher or other officers.
 Radios
 Personnel have portable radio carried
and permanent radio in the vehicle
 Radios can range from simple single
channel transceivers
 Portable radios have LCD
displays, digital keyboards, microphones,
earphones and motion detectors
Radio Procedures
 Observe courtesies and conventions
by way the dispatcher addresses and
identifying yourself
 Transmission should be calm, clear,
accurate and concise; short; if long message,
pause a while
 Listening and talking on the radio is
an acquired skill that takes an amount of
practice to master

Radio Call Signs

 Use of some form of identification
other than the officer’s name on the radio; this
include patrol cars or patrol officers in the
field. e.g. San Manuel Police Station -
Midway
Radio Codes
 Use codes to communicate on the
radio to save air time and make
communications more affective. e.g. Code 7 –
refers to having meal.
Modern Communication Technologies in a Modern Communication Technologies in a
Police Organization Police Organization
 Satellite Technology
 Scanning Technology – e.g.
fingerprint
 Video technology
 Cellular phones

Other means of communication

1. Letters - are a written form of
communication
2. Telegram - also a form of written
communication and transmits message much
faster than ordinary postal mail
3. Telex - this provides a means of
 printed communication using teleprinter
machines installed at different places which
are connected to a central exchange through
cable
4. Fax or facsimile - is an electronic
device that enables instant transmission of
any matter, which may be handwritten or
printed like letters, diagrams, graphs, sketches
5, Electronic mail - popularly known as
e-mail is a modern means of communication
which makes use of electronic methods of
transmitting and receiving information
5. Voice Mail - it is a computer-based
system for receiving and responding to
incoming telephone calls
6. Pager - this is an instrument which can
be used to receive any short messages from
the sender at any time
7. Teleconferencing - conference
generally refers to a meeting of people for
consultation or discussion regarding any
common issues
Types
a. Audio-conferencing
b. Video-conferencing
1. One-way video and two-way audio
2. Both way audio and video

Reference :
August 17, 2017 | Author: Christopher Pjunatas |
https://kupdf.net/download/patrol-operation-with-police-communication-
system_5994ff48dc0d60f447300d19_pdf