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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Knights and
their days
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: Knights and their days

Author: Dr. Doran

Release date: November 16, 2023 [eBook #72142]

Language: English

Original publication: New York: Redfield, 1856

Credits: Alan, Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file
was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KNIGHTS

AND THEIR DAYS ***
WIT AND WISDOM
OF THE
REV. SYDNEY SMITH:
BEING
SELECTIONS FROM HIS WRITINGS,
AND PASSAGES OF HIS
LETTERS AND TABLE TALK.
With Notes, and a Biographical Memoir,
By EVERT A. DUYCKINCK.
A Portrait, after G. Stewart Newton,
AND AN AUTOGRAPH LETTER.
In One Volume, 12mo, Cloth, Price $1.25.
Advertisement.
The chief writings of the Rev. Sydney Smith are included in the
original English editions in eight octavo volumes. These are his
“Two Volumes of Sermons,” 1809; the Collection of his “Works,”
(embracing articles from the Edinburgh Review, the Plymley
Letters, and other Papers) 4 vols., 1839-40; a posthumous
volume, “Sermons preached at St. Paul’s,” &c., 1846; “Elementary
Sketches of Moral Philosophy, delivered at the Royal Institution,”
published in 1850. To these are to be added, “Letters on American
Debts,” 1843; “A Fragment on the Irish Roman Catholic Church,”
1845; Letters on Railway Management and other topics to the
Morning Chronicle; Articles in the Edinburgh Review not collected
in his “Works”; numerous Sketches and Essays printed in the
“Memoirs,” by his daughter, Lady Holland; and the extensive
series of “Letters,” edited by Mrs. Austin. These have mainly
furnished the material of the present volume. In the preparation of
the Table Talk, Memoir, and Notes, many collateral sources have
been drawn upon.
The most important of Sydney Smith’s Writings will here be found
given entire; while the selection generally presents the most
characteristic passages of his “Wit and Wisdom” from the whole.
Numerous Miscellanies, of much interest, are included which are
not to be met with in any previous collection of the author’s works.
Contents.
Biographical Memoir, by the Editor.
Articles from the Edinburgh Review, (including the Papers
on Female Education, Professional Education, Notices of
America, &c., &c.)
Sketches of Moral Philosophy, (including the Essays on the
Conduct of the Understanding; on Wit and Humor, &c., &c.)
The Peter Plymley Letters.
Passages from Sermons.
Speeches on the Reform-Bill. The Ballot.
Letters on American Debts.
Passages from Letters on the Ecclesiastical Commission.
A Fragment on the Irish Roman Catholic Church.
Letters on Railway Management.
Character of Sir James Mackintosh and of Francis
Horner.
Practical Essays, &c.
Passages from Letters.
Table Talk. Personal, &c., &c.
DR. DORAN’S WORKS.
Table Traits, with Something on them. By Dr. Doran, Author of
“Habits and Men,” &c., &c. 12mo., cloth. Price $1 25. Half calf, or
mor. ex., $2 25.
BILL OF FARE.
The Legend of Amphitryon—A Prologue.
Diet and Digestion.—Water—Breakfast,
Corn, Bread, &c.—Tea—Coffee—Chocolate.
The Old Coffee House.—The French Cafés.
The Ancient Cook and his Art.
The Modern Cook and his Science.
Pen and Ink Sketches of Careme.
Dinner Traits.—The Materials for Dining.
A Light Dinner for Two.—Sauces.
The Parasite.
Table Traits of Utopia and the Golden Age.
Table Traits of England in the Early Times.
Table Traits of the Last Century.
Wine and Water.
The Birth of the Vine, and what has come of it.
The Making and Marring of Wine.
Imperial Drinkers, and Incidents in Germany.—An
Incident of Travel.
A few odd Glasses of Wine. [Egyptian]
The Tables of the Ancient and Modern
The Diet of the Saints of Old.
The Bridal and Banquet of Ferques.
The Support of Modern Saints.
The Cæsars at Table.
Their Majesties at Meat.
English Kings at their Tables.
Strange Banquets—The Castellan Von Coucy.
Authors and their Dietetics.
The Liquor-loving Laureates.
Supper.
Nearly every page contains something amusing, and you may
shut the book in the middle, and open it again after a
twelvemonth’s interval, without at all compromising its power of
affording enjoyment.—The London Times.
Habits and Men, with Remnants of Record touching the Makers of
both. By Dr. Doran, author of “Table Traits,” &c., &c. 12mo.,
cloth, $1. Half calf, or mor. extra, $2 00.
CONTENTS.
Between You and Me.
Man Manners, and a Story with a Moral to it.
Adonis at Home and Abroad—Pt. I.—Pt. II.
Remnants of Stage Dresses.
Three Acts and an Epilogue.
The Tiring-Bowers of Queens “La Mode
in her Birth-place.”
Hats, Wigs and their Wearers.
Beards and their Bearers.—Swords.
Gloves, B—s, and Buttons.—Stockings.
“Masks and Faces.”
Puppets for Grown Gentlemen.
Touching Tailors.
The Tailors Measured by the Poets.
Sir John Hawkwood, the Heroic Tailor.
Why did the Tailors choose St. William for
their Patron?
George Dörfling, the Martial Tailor.
Admiral Hobson, the Naval Tailor.
John Stow, the Antiquarian Tailor.
John Speed, the Antiquarian Tailor.
Samuel Pepys, the Official Tailor.
Richard Ryan, the Theatrical Tailor.
Paul Whitehead, the Poet Tailor.
Mems. of “Merchant Tailors.”
Chapters on Beaux.
The Beaux of the Olden Time.
Beau Fielding—Beau Nash.
The Prince de Ligne—Beau Brummel.
Doctors Ready Dressed—Odd Fashions.
This is one of the most amusing and erudite books of the day,
abounding in anecdote and queer stories of the dress of different
ages, of kings and queens, poets, statesmen, tailors, &c. The
sketches of the “tiring-bowers” of queens, of Paul Whitehead, the
poet tailor; of Beau Nash, and Beau Fielding, are rich in lore, and
are produced in sparkling style.—Boston Courier.
The Lives of the Queens of England of the House of Hanover. By
Dr. Doran. 2 vols., 12mo., cloth, $2. Half calf, or mor. extra, $4
00.
CONTENTS.
Sophia Dorothea, Wife of George I.
Caroline Wilhelmina Dorothea, Wife of George II.
Charlotte, Wife of George III.
Caroline of Brunswick, Wife of George IV.
Dr. Doran has availed himself of the ample material scattered
through personal memoirs, pamphlets, periodicals, and other
fugitive literature of the time, with the thoroughness, quick eye for
humor, and appreciation of the picturesque, which characterize
his other amusing works.
KNIGHTS AND THEIR DAYS.
 KNIGHTS

A N D T H E I R D AY S

BY DR. DORAN
AUTHOR OF “LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND OF THE HOUSE OF HANOVER,”
“TABLE TRAITS,” “HABITS AND MEN,” ETC.

“Oh, ’tis a brave profession, and rewards

All loss we meet, with double weight of glory.”
Shirley (The Gentleman of Venice.)

REDFIELD
3 4 B E E K M A N S T R E E T, N E W Y O R K
1856
 TO

PHILIPPE WATIER, ESQ.

IN MEMORY OF MERRY NIGHTS AND DAYS NEAR METZ AND THE
MOSELLE,
THIS LITTLE VOLUME

Is inscribed
BY HIS VERY SINCERE FRIEND,
THE AUTHOR.
 CONTENTS.

PAGE
A FRAGMENTARY PROLOGUE
9
THE TRAINING OF PAGES 30
KNIGHTS AT HOME 36
LOVE IN CHEVALIERS, AND CHEVALIERS IN LOVE 51
DUELLING, DEATH, AND BURIAL 65
THE KNIGHTS WHO “GREW TIRED OF IT” 78
FEMALE KNIGHTS AND JEANNE DARC 104
THE CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDOM 113
SIR GUY OF WARWICK, AND WHAT BEFELL HIM 133
GARTERIANA 148
FOREIGN KNIGHTS OF THE GARTER 170
THE POOR KNIGHTS OF WINDSOR, AND THEIR DOINGS 184
THE KNIGHTS OF THE SAINTE AMPOULE 194
THE ORDER OF THE HOLY GHOST 200
JACQUES DE LELAING 208
THE FORTUNES OF A KNIGHTLY FAMILY 228
THE RECORD OF RAMBOUILLET 263
SIR JOHN FALSTAFF 276
STAGE KNIGHTS 295
STAGE LADIES, AND THE ROMANCE OF HISTORY 312
THE KINGS OF ENGLAND AS KNIGHTS; FROM THE NORMANS TO
THE
STUARTS 329
“THE INSTITUTION OF A GENTLEMAN” 351
THE KINGS OF ENGLAND AS KNIGHTS; THE STUARTS 358
THE SPANISH MATCH 364
THE KINGS OF ENGLAND AS KNIGHTS; FROM STUART TO
375
BRUNSWICK
RECIPIENTS OF KNIGHTHOOD 388
RICHARD CARR, PAGE, AND GUY FAUX, ESQUIRE 410
ULRICH VON HUTTEN 420
SHAM KNIGHTS 439
PIECES OF ARMOR 455
 THE

KNIGHTS AND THEIR DAYS.

 A FRAGMENTARY PROLOGUE.
“La bravoure est une qualité innée, on ne se la donne pas.”
Napoleon I.

Dr. Lingard, when adverting to the sons of Henry II., and their
knightly practices, remarks that although chivalry was considered the
school of honor and probity, there was not overmuch of those or of
any other virtues to be found among the members of the chivalrous
orders. He names the vices that were more common, as he thinks,
and probably with some justice. Hallam, on the other hand, looks on
the institution of chivalry as the best school of moral discipline in the
Middle Ages: and as the great and influential source of human
improvement. “It preserved,” he says, “an exquisite sense of honor,
which in its results worked as great effects as either of the powerful
spirits of liberty and religion, which have given a predominant
impulse to the moral sentiments and energies of mankind.”
The custom of receiving arms at the age of manhood is supposed,
by the same author, to have been established among the nations
that overthrew the Roman Empire; and he cites the familiar passage
from Tacitus, descriptive of this custom among the Germans. At first,
little but bodily strength seems to have been required on the part of
the candidate. The qualifications and the forms of investiture
changed or improved with the times.
In a general sense, chivalry, according to Hallam, may be referred to
the age of Charlemagne, when the Caballarii, or horsemen, became
the distinctive appellation of those feudal tenants and allodial
proprietors who were bound to serve on horseback. When these
were equipped and formally appointed to their martial duties, they
were, in point of fact, knights, with so far more incentives to
distinction than modern soldiers, that each man depended on
himself, and not on the general body. Except in certain cases, the
individual has now but few chances of distinction; and knighthood, in
its solitary aspect, may be said to have been blown up by
gunpowder.
As examples of the true knightly spirit in ancient times, Mr. Hallam
cites Achilles, who had a supreme indifference for the question of
what side he fought upon, had a strong affection for a friend, and
looked at death calmly. I think Mr. Hallam over-rates the bully Greek
considerably. His instance of the Cid Ruy Diaz, as a perfect
specimen of what the modern knight ought to have been, is less to
be gainsaid.
In old times, as in later days, there were knights who acquired the
appellation by favor rather than service; or by a compelled rather
than a voluntary service. The old landholders, the Caballarii, or
Milites, as they came to be called, were landholders who followed
their lord to the field, by feudal obligation: paying their rent, or part of
it, by such service. The voluntary knights were those “younger
brothers,” perhaps, who sought to amend their indifferent fortunes by
joining the banner of some lord. These were not legally knights, but
they might win the honor by their prowess; and thus in arms, dress,
and title, the younger brother became the equal of the wealthy
landholders. He became even their superior, in one sense, for as Mr.
Hallam adds:—“The territorial knights became by degrees ashamed
of assuming a title which the others had won by merit, till they
themselves could challenge it by real desert.”
The connection of knighthood with feudal tenure was much
loosened, if it did not altogether disappear, by the Crusades. There
the knights were chiefly volunteers who served for pay: all feudal
service there was out of the question. Its connection with religion
was, on the other hand, much increased, particularly among the
Norman knights who had not hitherto, like the Anglo-Saxons, looked
upon chivalric investiture as necessarily a religious ceremony. The
crusaders made religious professors, at least, of all knights, and
never was one of these present at the reading of the gospel, without
holding the point of his sword toward the book, in testimony of his
desire to uphold what it taught by force of arms. From this time the
passage into knighthood was a solemn ceremony; the candidate was
belted, white-robed, and absolved after due confession, when his
sword was blessed, and Heaven was supposed to be its director.
With the love of God was combined love for the ladies. What was
implied was that the knight should display courtesy, gallantry, and
readiness to defend, wherever those services were required by
defenceless women. Where such was bounden duty—but many
knights did not so understand it—there was an increase of
refinement in society; and probably there is nothing overcharged in
the old ballad which tells us of a feast at Perceforest, where eight
hundred knights sat at a feast, each of them with a lady at his side,
eating off the same plate; the then fashionable sign of a refined
friendship, mingled with a spirit of gallantry. That the husbands
occasionally looked with uneasiness upon this arrangement, is
illustrated in the unreasonably jealous husband in the romance of
“Lancelot du Lac;” but, as the lady tells him, he had little right to cavil
at all, for it was an age since any knight had eaten with her off the
same plate.
Among the Romans the word virtue implied both virtue and valor—as
if bravery in a man were the same thing as virtue in a woman. It
certainly did not signify among Roman knights that a brave man was
necessarily virtuous. In more recent times the word gallantry has
been made also to take a double meaning, implying not only courage
in man, but his courtesy toward woman. Both in ancient and modern
times, however, the words, or their meanings, have been much
abused. At a more recent period, perhaps, gallantry was never better
illustrated than when in an encounter by hostile squadrons near
Cherbourg, the adverse factions stood still, on a knight, wearing the
colors of his mistress, advancing from the ranks of one party, and
challenging to single combat the cavalier in the opposite ranks who
was the most deeply in love with his mistress. There was no lack of
adversaries, and the amorous knights fell on one another with a fury
little akin to love.
A knight thus slain for his love was duly honored by his lady and
contemporaries. Thus we read in the history of Gyron le Courtois,
that the chivalric king so named, with his royal cousin Melyadus, a
knight, by way of equerry, and a maiden, went together in search of
the body of a chevalier who had fallen pour les beaux yeux of that