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PRECIPITATION

A
M
TITRATION

R
CHAPTER-1 UNIT -3

A
SYLLARUS:
Precipitation H
titvaion : Mohrs method, volhard's and
P
Modified Volhavd's method, faan's mehod
, Estimatlon
Of Sodium Choride.
LL

• Introducion:
E

ThQSe
se are titation in which chemcal reoction
those
W

OccUrS whi ch results in_tho fortmathon of a coloured

precipitate whlch is ((nsolublein solvent:
E

In this type of titaions, stapdard solution and

substance reots and formed preci pitaee.
R

teoction
.Precipitation is formotion cf solid mass (preipi take)
th
A

a liquid.
C

NI) + AgNO,
Sodium clorjda Silver Silver Sodivm
Nittale chlortde ppt nittate

Sodium chlo ride reac with silrer nitrak (precipi toting

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agests) which-formed .
the Silver chloride
choride precipitatt
• also koown as qertometrle
It is
titrotion,becawsA

A
t involves the reachion of siluer
(tq.

M
methods nVolves the formation of halides (r, ar)

R
O TYPEC OF PRECPITTION TTRATION:
types -

A
tyee
O Mohr's method

Volhard's method and

H
modified Vol hard't method
P
) faan's method
LL

O MOH R's METHOD

E

It s One of the importavt method of

wa
precipi tation titration and for the first tioe i t
W

deeloped by (Mohr) in 18S6.

Mo
Karl fiedrich
E

is USed as Indi otor

Potassiu) chomok (k,GO4)
R

Princi ple :
A

This method InVolues tbe tittoaion of Siler nitaes

09ainst halides in neutral Solution

C

an
Solution of potassium chomak indiobr

The end oivt is marted by the apptaranca of

brick. (red) colbUred prejpitae dus to fornation of
Silver cWomate and silver cWodde.
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During titation, srecipekte

tqNO + Nac + NaNO

A
At fnd poin, precipitatc

M
Aga' Goyt 2kN0;
Silver chomake (red

R
Colored prcipitae

A
Procedure :

H
•
12 qm of Na4 solution is
dissolved in water then odd
P
50 m of this solution into
Volumtric fiosk.
LL

of 01 M potassjum chromnte
indicator is odcled. Nqc
E

• A
burette is filled with

taNO solution and initial

W

reading is notcd.

During titrodion
,
haNoz teads with and form
E

Nacl
Aqd (silves dioride) precipitat
R

+
NOw, uwhen the chloride ion 0s2d,Alg NÓ3 Ract
A

ar
with 50oy indicaar and forms AG0y precipikote
Silves cuomat
(red coloured) which indicotes end poin.
C

Calculation:

N,U,
=NV M,v, =
MV
V = Volum AgNO
whe, Of sol (burette teadina) Usad.
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A
• Limitations.

M
Dot possible to USe titration in basic solution,
other uicQ will produca Silver hydroxide

R
•
Not pOSSible to Use titration in thhe presex of

A
s
ammona ions, and many anions (Po, ek..).

H
P
LL

.pharmacautical applications of Monrs matd:

E

• Some of thne important dvug detemired by this

W

melthocd are
- Sodium
E

cloride and dextrosa injection

R

homate ion
- ,
deteminalion of
A

Used for chloride Bromide and thloyanat

C

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VOLHARD'S METHOD

A
qermen sientist Tacob
this metod designed by

Volnard in (1374.

M
•This meihod is USed for tne estnation of siluer) by
titating oqgainst a sfondard jocyanae solution in

R
the prQ senci of ferric salf as indicator.

A
•Principle:
typa of (Rack) tittoion.
Sodium,
H
P
• In ttis method, firsty sier"coride is titrated aginst
tgNO (Silver nübrole)
- in
eKcess
amoynt.
LL

sol
•
Then, ths AgN0 is ttaled against tjo uyohae
reddich brou
brouD Color).
ilt end pojnt ( form
E

.Procodure:
W

firtty, he solstion of Sfatard 04 N AaNO?,

0. N Nau and 0-1 N ksN) will prepased.

E

fe?t) indicaor s prepared and purified nitie acid

R

acdic
is also Prepared
A

• Now, the eCOSS amOunt of AgNO is USed for the

titration of Nacl Solution. Affr complak precipitaion

C

Silver chloride Agd 4), exOss amount ofAgNo3

oddad. AgNO3+ Nac Aq4)+ NaNo +
Utacho
•Nouw, she ex cesS aMoUnt tittated
potassium thiouyanate (KSCN) and also add
gainst
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fest aS Ivdicator.

.A standard solution of kSCN is addad

A
-from byrette to Solution of

M
AoNO, (silver salb) In thapresena of ksN

Ditric acid ahd ferric

indicator.

R
+
AqNo kscN 0-) N

A
preciptae of silver

H
thio Cyanate (Aq sCN ) continves to be

formd til t silver qet Complelely preipikation.

P
• After this, t addtion
f -forther drop of thibyanote
ion to form a red colored feric thioya at
LL

teacs uwith feric

Complex
3CNS fe (scN),
E

Thu opparanca of reddish brouun indjcales ne end poit.

W

OR fest + sCN
o Pharmacoutical Applicalions :
E

Sou inpor tart drg determind by thic

tÀ mnod is Aminophy lina,

CNODphnotnan, thionamide
, Sodium chloride injecion. c
R
A

MODIIED HARO'S METHOD

wetting aqerts addid, affer

CHocform
C

Oddiion of
Of aMout of
eKcOSS silver ntrale becavce

precipitae Of Aqd may bA Solubilizdinh solution

during estimatien SO addition CAoroforrm willprevent

Agcd.
tu solubility of
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FAJAN'S METHOD

A
This mthod irthoduced by fajan in 1923-24.
Thls Mthod employs adsovption indicajor for delection

M
Of end point.

R
•Principle :

A
this method is
Is basd the adcorption indi cotor

indi otor qet

which osovbed t surfacs of
precipiak which change the
H color of precipuate and
P
marts hQ ed pont.
• Indiator flouresceln, Dichlovoflouresceln, fosin
used
ek..
LL

• Pro codure:
E

fircty, chioride ion s titated agoinst siluer nitale

which forms the silver chorlde
W

precipuake
O
Nouw, exceSS Of Chloride tons qet
qet adsorbad on the siver
E

choride pecipiate forming uniform layers. thus th

primary adsor bad layt of clovide ins holds
t secoNdary
R

adsorbed layer of Nat ions.

A

AgNO +
Nacl
C

) Now, afta the equivalena point tha silver cloride

adsorbs excOss Of Ag* ions primary cdsorbad
whjch furts adsorbad the (ndicator fluorescein( fi)
loy,
ions Seconday adkorbed layor.
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+ - fhgfl (pink, cslo)

t'
.
Due to this adsorption, complx formd

A
pinis color

wih indicates the end point.

M
fluorscein
Na indicoor

R
Na
Na

A
H
f
Na c1Na
CI"
fi
P
Nat fi

OBefore tnd point At tnd pojnt -pink colored

LL

conplek

o USES
Helps in
E

- Sfandardi soation Of Unknoun Nacl

W

dfandordizahon of AqNog Solution

determination of COmplexes
E

© Appi cations of
R

Precipitatiòn itrations.
rermoval Of solks from watr during watr teamut in
A

qualifatie inorqate onalycis.

C

in matallurgy.
esfimotion of Various subcjunces.

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