1

CONTENTS
HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU .............................................................................. 3
TOPIC 1: MEDIA AND ADVERTISING ...................................................................... 4
Practice questions .............................................................................................................. 4
Main points ......................................................................................................................... 5
TOPIC 2: EDUCATION ................................................................................................... 9
Practice questions .............................................................................................................. 9
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 10
TOPIC 3: BUSINESS AND WORK .............................................................................. 14
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 14
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 15
TOPIC 4: COMMUNICATION .................................................................................... 19
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 19
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 20
TOPIC 5: TOURISM ...................................................................................................... 24
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 24
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 25
TOPIC 6: GOVERNMENT ............................................................................................ 29
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 29
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 30
TOPIC 7: TRANSPORT ................................................................................................ 34
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 34
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 35
TOPIC 8: LEISURE ........................................................................................................ 40
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 40
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 41
TOPIC 9: CRIME ........................................................................................................... 45
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 45
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 46

1
TOPIC 10: HEALTH ...................................................................................................... 51
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 51
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 52
TOPIC 11: HOUSING AND BUILDING ..................................................................... 58
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 58
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 59
TOPIC 12: DIFFICULT QUESTIONS ......................................................................... 63
Practice questions ............................................................................................................ 63
Main points ....................................................................................................................... 64

2
 HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU
Trong kỳ thi IELTS Writing, việc lên ý tưởng cho các câu hỏi được đặt ra trong đề bài là
một thách thức không nhỏ đối với học sinh. Đôi khi, áp lực thời gian và yêu cầu về mặt
phát triển nội dung làm cho họ mất hứng thú và không biết bắt đầu từ đâu. Điều này có thể
dẫn đến việc viết những đoạn văn thiếu logic và không thuyết phục.Vì vậy, IELTS Xuân
Phi, với hơn 10 năm kinh nghiệm giảng dạy IELTS và thành công trong việc hướng dẫn
hàng trăm học viên đạt điểm cao (7.0, 7.5 và 8.0) trong kỹ năng Writing, đã biên soạn một
bộ tài liệu mang tên BỘ DỰ ĐOÁN SỚM CHỦ ĐỀ WRITING QUÝ I/2024 nhằm giúp
các bạn thí sinh chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi sắp tới. Tài liệu này sẽ hỗ trợ các bạn lên ý tưởng cho
gần 60 đề bài IELTS Writing Task 2 khác nhau, với các đề được chia thành 12 Topics.
Trong mỗi Topic sẽ có 02 phần, với các thông tin cụ thể như sau:
Phần 1: Practice Questions
Phần này sẽ bao gồm một danh sách từ 4 tới 7 đề bài IELTS Writing Task 2 khác nhau liên
quan tới Topic bạn chọn. Các bạn có thể bắt đầu bằng việc đọc danh sách này để chọn đề
mình muốn xem và chuyển qua phần 2 nhé.
Phần 2: Main points
Phần thứ hai này sẽ bao gồm các đề bài cụ thể, đi kèm với danh sách ý tưởng hỗ trợ, và
cuối cùng là danh sách Reference để các bạn tham khảo.
Cách học:
Bước 1: Các bạn sử dụng mục lục để lựa chọn Topic mà mình muốn xem trong tổng cộng
12 topic.
Bước 2: Các bạn lựa chọn đề bài mình muốn xem trong Topic đó bằng cách đọc danh sách
đề trong phần “Practice Questions”.
Bước 3: Các bạn sang trang tiếp theo để tham khảo danh sách ý tưởng cho mỗi đề. Các ý
tưởng này đã được chia làm các hướng khác nhau để giúp các bạn dễ dàng trả lời câu hỏi
của đề.
Bước 4: Các bạn click vào các đường link trong phần Reference để đọc tài liệu tham khảo.
Các tài liệu này đều liên quan trực tiếp tới ý tưởng nêu trong danh sách, vậy nên các bạn
hãy đọc kỹ để hiểu rõ hơn ý tưởng và cách triển khai, đồng thời học thêm các từ vựng và
cấu trúc hay.
*Trong trường hợp các bạn không truy cập được vào Link Reference, các bạn hãy thử đổi
phần mềm khác để mở tài liệu như Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge...
Sau khi thực hiện các bước trên, các bạn sẽ hình thành được quan điểm của bản thân về
vấn đề của đề bài, và cũng sẽ nắm được các ý tưởng cụ thể để triển khai trong bài viết. Kết
hợp với các từ vựng học thuật các bạn học được, các bạn có thể bắt tay vào viết bài ngay
cho nóng nhé.

3
 TOPIC 1: MEDIA AND ADVERTISING

Practice questions

1. Question: The majority of news being reported is bad news such as wars, famines,
accidents and crime. Why do you think that is? Do you think the news should be a
balance of both good and bad news?
2. Question: In the last few decades, there have been more and more cases of famous
people being hounded by the press. Some people think that famous people in the
media should have no right to privacy. To what extent do you agree?
3. Question: Some people believe that what children watch on television influences
their behaviour. Others say that amount of time spent watching television influences
their behaviour. Discuss both views and give own opinion
4. Question: Companies spend millions each year on advertising online, in magazines
and on billboards. These adverts can encourage people to buy goods that they do
not really need. What are the positive and negative effects of consumerism?
5. Question: Some people prefer to watch foreign films rather than locally produced
films. Why is this? Do you think the government should spend more money
supporting the local film industry?

4
 Main points

1. Question: The majority of news being reported is bad news such as wars, famines,
accidents and crime. Why do you think that is? Do you think the news should be a
balance of both good and bad news?

Reasons for the prevalence of bad news A balance of positive and negative
news

● Reporting on bad issues informs For:

people about potential dangers that ● Reporting both good and bad
often have significant news provides a more accurate
consequences for their lives. and comprehensive view of the
● Media outlets want to have higher world.
ratings and viewership to gain Against:
increased advertising revenue. ● Bad news often pertains to
urgent and critical issues that
require immediate public
attention and action.
● Prioritizing bad news provides a
realistic view of the global
landscape.
● Positive news can foster a sense
of optimism and resilience.
Reference:
● The Ethics of Delivering Bad News: Evaluating Impression Management
Strategies in Corporate Financial Reporting - Emily Barrow DeJeu, 2022
● Reporting Hazards: Their Benefits and Costs - Singer - 1987 - Journal of
Communication - Wiley Online Library
● The Disclosure of Good versus Bad News: Evidence from the Biotech Industry

2. Question: In the last few decades, there have been more and more cases of famous
people being hounded by the press. Some people think that famous people in the
media should have no right to privacy. To what extent do you agree?

5
 Reasons for limited privacy for famous Reasons for privacy rights for
people famous people
● Celebrities often serve as role ● Famous people are entitled to
models for society. the same basic rights as any
● Many celebrities actively seek other individual.
media attention to promote their ● The media should focus on the
careers. professional achievements and
public actions of celebrities
rather than their private lives.
Reference:
● The role of media figures in adolescent development: relations between
autonomy, attachment, and interest in celebrities - ScienceDirect
● Media, Celebrities, and Social Influence: Identification With Elvis Presley
● Celebrity Influence: Politics, Persuasion, and Issue-Based Advocacy

3. Question: Some people believe that what children watch on television influences
their behaviour. Others say that amount of time spent watching television influences
their behaviour. Discuss both views and give own opinion

Reasons why content of television Reasons why amount of time spent

programs affects children’s behavior watching television affects children’s
behavior

● Violent or inappropriate content ● Excessive television watching is

drives children to exhibit
aggressive behaviors and develop
fears or anxieties.
● Educational and positive content
promote children’s learning and
development.
● Positive role models portrayed on
television can inspire children to
adopt good habits and behaviors.
Reference:
● Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Ecological
Settings and Processes
often associated with a
sedentary lifestyle, impacting
children’s physical health.
● Excessive television viewing
can limit children's social
interactions.
● Time spent watching television
can lead to children having
poorer academic performance.

6
 ● Television and Child Development | Judith Van Evra | Taylor & Francis
● Television and Behavior: Ten Years of Scientific Progress and Implications
for the Eighties, Volume 3
● Television viewing habits and their influence on physical activity and
childhood overweight
● Effects of TV time and other sedentary pursuits | International Journal of
Obesity
● Association of Television Viewing During Childhood With Poor Educational
Achievement | Adolescent Medicine | JAMA Pediatrics

4. Question: Companies spend millions each year on advertising online, in magazines

and on billboards. These adverts can encourage people to buy goods that they do
not really need. What are the positive and negative effects of consumerism?

Positive effects of consumerism Negative effects of consumerism

● Consumerism boosts demand for ● High levels of consumption

goods and services, driving contribute to environmental
economic growth. degradation.
● Advertisements inform consumers ● Consumerism can result in
about new products, services, and financial strain among
innovations. consumers.
● Advertising helps companies build ● Consumerism can foster
brand recognition and loyalty. materialistic values.
Reference:
● Spreading Global Consumerism: Effects of Mass Media and Advertising on
Consumerist Values in China
● INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “IMPETUS OF GLOBALIZATION
IN NEW NORMAL”
● Consumerism and Environment: Does Consumption Behaviour Affect
Environmental Quality?
● Consumerism and the Quality of Life
● Mindfulness and consumerism.

7
5. Question: Some people prefer to watch foreign films rather than locally produced
films. Why is this? Do you think the government should spend more money
supporting the local film industry?

Reasons for preference for foreign Governmental support for the local
films film industry
● Foreign films often have higher For:
production values. ● Supporting local film industries
● The cultural dominance of certain helps preserve and promote
countries has led to their films cultural identity and heritage.
being widely popular and ● Government support can help
influential. identify and nurture local talent.
● Foreign films often bring diverse ● By investing in the local film
genres and unique stories that industry, governments can help
might not be as prevalent in local it become more competitive on
cinema. the global stage.
● Watching foreign films can be a Against:
way for audiences to explore and ● Governments have limited
understand different cultures. resources so investing in the
film industry might divert funds
from more critical areas.
● The economic impact of
supporting the film industry
might not justify the
expenditure.
● Government support might
create a dependency that is not
sustainable in the long term.
Reference:
● Cultural globalization and the dominance of the American film industry:
cultural policies, national film industries, and transnational film
● How Chinese college students make sense of foreign films and TV series:
implications for the development of intercultural communicative competence
in ELT
● Supporting local cinemas and the film industry : Case studies and resources
for local government - LGiU
● Decoding government grants: Fueling your film budget - Filmustage Blog
● Public policy and public funding for film: some recent developments in the
UK.

8
 TOPIC 2: EDUCATION

Practice questions

1. Question: Some educationalists think that international exchange visits will benefit
teenagers at the school. To what extent do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?
2. Question: Some people think that schools should invest more money in technology,
such as more computers, while others think more money should be spent on
teachers. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
3. Question: Some people believe that children should not be given homework every
day, while others believe that they must get homework every day in order to be
successful at school. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
4. Question: In some countries, schools are teaching foreign languages for primary
school children. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
5. Question: Some parents believe that their children should do educational activities
during their free time. Others say that in this way children are under pressure.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

9
 Main points

1. Question: Some educationalists think that international exchange visits will benefit
teenagers at the school. To what extent do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

Advantages of international exchange Disadvantages of international

visits exchange visits

● Exchange visits allow teenagers to ● Exchange programs can be a

experience different cultures significant financial burden for
firsthand. some students.
● Being away from home encourages ● Teenagers might experience
teenagers to become more culture shock integrating into
independent and self-reliant. the host community.
● Exposure to different educational ● Participating in international
systems and teaching methods can study visits can be emotionally
enhance students' academic stressful for some teenagers.
experience. ● Differences in educational
● Exchange visits provide systems and curricula can lead
opportunities to build relationships to gaps in learning.
with peers from different
backgrounds.
Reference:
● Improving productivity through international exchange visits - ScienceDirect
● International study visits and the promotion of intercultural capabilities: an
exploratory study
● A Study on the Impact of International Academic Visit Exchange Programme
among Chemical Engineering Students
● Öneri Dergisi » Submission » ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
SOJOURNS AT FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES IN THE RESEARCH TRAINING
PERIOD

2. Question: Some people think that schools should invest more money in technology,
such as more computers, while others think more money should be spent on
teachers. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

10
 The reasons why schools should invest The reasons why schools should
more in technology invest more in teachers
● Schools should provide greater ● Investing in teachers helps build
funding for technology to directly a team of high-quality
enhance the student learning educators.
experiences. ● Teachers contribute
● Technology enables students to significantly to students'
access educational resources emotional and social
globally. development.
Reference:
● 5 Reasons Why Schools Should Invest in Technology This Year
● Investing in Education Starts with Investing in Teachers

3. Question: Some people believe that children should not be given homework every
day, while others believe that they must get homework every day in order to be
successful at school. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

Reasons for daily homework Reasons against daily homework

● Daily homework provides students ● Excessive homework can lead
with the opportunity to practice to increased stress and burnout
and apply what they have learned in children.
in school. ● Daily homework can reduce the
● Regular homework helps develop time children have for other
important skills. activities and interactions.
● Homework makes students better ● The effectiveness of homework
prepared for exams and is not solely determined by the
assessments. amount assigned.
● Regular homework assignments ● Not all students benefit equally
allow teachers and students to from homework.
identify areas of weakness early
on.
Reference:
● The Motivational Benefits of Homework: A Social-Cognitive Perspective
● impact of homework on student achievement | The Econometrics Journal |
Oxford Academic
● Examining the Effects of Daily Required Homework on Student Achievement
● Self-Concept, Motivation and Identity: Underpinning Success with Research
and Practice

11
 ● ERIC - ED536245 - Homework. Literature Review, Research Services,
Miami-Dade County Public Schools, 2009-Jan

4. Question: In some countries, schools are teaching foreign languages for primary
school children. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Advantages Disadvantages

● Learning a foreign language at a ● Teaching foreign languages

young age can enhance cognitive may detract from other
development. important subjects or activities
● Learning a foreign language in the curriculum.
enables children to foster greater ● Learning a new language can be
cultural tolerance. challenging.
● Proficiency in a second language ● Focusing on teaching a few
can open up a wide range of future widely spoken languages could
opportunities. contribute to the
homogenization of cultures and
languages.
Reference:
● How learning a new language changes your brain | Cambridge English
● Why Learning a New Language Improves Tolerance
● The Benefits of Early Bilingual Education
● The Pros And Cons Of Learning A Second Language At An Early Age
● 20 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of Learning Foreign Language -
Intellectual Gyani

5. Question: Some parents believe that their children should do educational activities
during their free time. Others say that in this way children are under pressure.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

12
 Reasons for educational activities Reasons why educational activities
during free time during free time places pressure on
children
● Engaging in educational activities ● Constant engagement in
during free time can improve their educational activities can lead to
academic performance. negative impacts on overall
● Educational activities help develop health.
important skills. ● Children might assume learning
● Structured educational activities as an obligatory task rather than
ensure that children use their free a source of joy.
time productively. ● This practice can cut into
● Encouraging educational pursuits essential playtime.
from a young age can instill a ● An excessive focus on
lifelong love of learning and educational activities can
curiosity. prevent children from
discovering and pursuing
passions outside of academics.
● This practice can create a tense
home environment.
Reference:
● Primary School Pupils’ Free Time Activities
● ERIC - ED435127 - Improving Student Achievement by Extending School: Is
It Just a Matter of Time?, 1999
● How students invest their time outside of school: Effects on school-related
outcomes | Social Psychology of Education
● Uses and perceived benefits of children’s recreational activities: the
perspectives of parents and school professionals | International Journal of
Child Care and Education Policy

13
 TOPIC 3: BUSINESS AND WORK

Practice questions

1. Question: In some countries, a few people earn extremely high salaries. Some
people think that this is good for a country, while others believe that the government
should control salaries and limit the amount people can earn. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.
2. Question: More and more business meetings are taking place online. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of this trend?
3. Question: In most successful companies, some people think that communication
between employers and workers is the most important factor, other people say that
other factors are more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
4. Question: Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid
work helping people in the community. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?
5. Question: Marketing and promotion is the key to a successful business. To what
extent do you agree?

14
 Main points

1. Question: In some countries, a few people earn extremely high salaries. Some
people think that this is good for a country, while others believe that the
government should control salaries and limit the amount people can earn. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

Reasons for benefits of high salaries to Reasons for salary control and
a country limitation
● Individuals with high incomes can ● Limiting high salaries can help
help stimulate economic growth. reduce income inequality.
● High-income individuals can ● Controlling salaries can prevent
support charitable donations. a small group of individuals
● High earners typically contribute from accumulating excessive
significantly to government economic power.
revenue through taxes. ● Limiting top salaries can
encourage a focus on long-term
sustainability rather than short-
term profit maximization.
Reference:
● The Overcompensation Problem: A Collective Approach to Controlling
Executive Pay
● The Theory of Employment and Wages in the Public Sector
● Are There Moral Limits to Wage Inequality? | SpringerLink

2. Question: More and more business meetings are taking place online. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of this trend?

Advantages of online business meetings Disadvantages of online business

meetings
● This practice is cost-effective. ● Technical issues can disrupt
● Online business meetings allow for meetings and reduce
time-efficiency. productivity.
● Participants can join meetings in a ● It can lead to reduced personal
much convenient way. interaction.

15
 Advantages of online business meetings Disadvantages of online business
meetings
● Participants may face more
distractions in their own
environments.
● There might be security and
privacy concerns.
Reference:
● Videoconferencing as a Mode of Communication: A Comparative Study of the
Use of Videoconferencing and Face-to-Face Meetings
● Virtual team meetings: An analysis of communication and context -
ScienceDirect
● Online vs Face-to-Face Presentations: Advantages and Disadvantages |
SpringerLink
● Advantages and disadvantages of video conferencing and direct interaction:
a conceptual framework for evaluating hybrid work models

3. Question: In most successful companies, some people think that communication

between employers and workers is the most important factor, other people say that
other factors are more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Communication between employers Other factors

and workers
● Effective communication fosters ● The quality and innovation of a
collaboration and teamwork. company's products or services
● Transparent communication can play a significant role in one
boost employee engagement. business’s success.
● Communication is vital for ● Hiring and retaining the right
problem-solving. talent is crucial.
● Strategic planning is a vital
element of success.
Reference:
● Fostering Collaborative Communication in the Workplace | Box, Inc.
● Why transparency is key to employee engagement
● Good Communication Can Help Solve Problems | Ag Decision Maker
● Importance of Quality: Explanation & Importance | StudySmarter

16
4. Question: Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid
work helping people in the community. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

Advantages Disadvantages
● Volunteering often promotes ● Requiring unpaid community
personal growth. work could place additional
● Encouraging young people to demands on young people's
volunteer fosters a sense of time.
community engagement and social ● Unpaid work may not be
responsibility. feasible due to financial
● Volunteering exposes young constraints.
people to new social networks. ● Young people could be taken
advantage of.
Reference:
● Top reasons why volunteering is important for personal development
● Volunteering: A Key to Unlocking Personal Growth - Big Brothers of Greater
Vancouver
● Why Should Teens Volunteer? Exploring the Amazing Benefits - GVI
● Disadvantages of Volunteer Work - Synonym
● The Pros And Cons Of Volunteer Work

5. Question: Marketing and promotion is the key to a successful business. To what

extent do you agree?

Reasons for agreement Reasons for disagreement

● Effective marketing campaigns
create brand recognition.
● A strong marketing strategy can
enable a business to gain
competitive advantage.
● Marketing and promotion attracts
new customers.
● The core of any successful
business is the quality of its
offerings.
● Exceptional customer service is
necessary for success.
● Sound financial management is
crucial for the success of a
business.
● A clear business strategy can
make a business successful.

17
Reference:
● Marketing and Promotion
● Business Marketing, Sales and Promotion - Field Receptive to Expert Systems
Technology | Scientific.Net
● Making Meaning: How Successful Businesses Deliver Meaningful Customer
Experiences
● Innovative versus incremental new business services: Different keys for
achieving success - Brentani - 2001

18
 TOPIC 4: COMMUNICATION

Practice questions

1. Question: With an increasing population communicating via the internet and text
messaging, face to face communication will become a thing of the past. To what
extent do you agree?
2. Question: Many young children have unsupervised access to the internet and are
using the internet to socialise with others. This has can lead to a number of
dangerous situations which can be threatening for children. What problems do
children face when going online without parental supervision? How can these
problems be solved?
3. Question: Some people think our first impression of someone is important, while
others think we should not judge another person so quickly and should take our time
to know them better. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
4. Question: With the development of online communication, people will never be
alone and will always be able to make new friends. To what extent do you agree?
5. Question: Nowadays celebrities are more famous for their glamour and wealth than
for their achievements, and this sets a bad example to young people. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

19
 Main points

1. Question: With an increasing population communicating via the internet and text
messaging, face to face communication will become a thing of the past. To what
extent do you agree?

Benefits of communicating via the Benefits of face-to-face

Internet communication

● The Internet allows people to ● Real-time interactions enable

communicate instantly regardless
of their physical location.
● These technologies enable people
to connect with others worldwide.
● Online communication reduces the
costs associated with travel,
accommodation, and physical
meeting spaces.
immediate feedback and
clarification, reducing
misunderstandings.
● Face-to-face settings can foster
greater focus, as participants are
less likely to be distracted.

Reference:

● Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet Communication

● 6 Benefits of Face-to-Face Communication

● What Are The Advantages Of Online Communication?

2. Question: Many young children have unsupervised access to the internet and are
using the internet to socialise with others. This can lead to a number of dangerous
situations which can be threatening for children. What problems do children face
when going online without parental supervision? How can these problems be
solved?

20
 Problems when going online without Solutions to Address These Problems
parental supervision

● Children may accidentally or ● Install parental control software

intentionally access websites
containing violent, sexual, or
inappropriate material.
● Unsupervised use can lead to
excessive screen time, affecting
academic results.
● Children may become victims of
cyberbullying, leading to
emotional distress, depression, and
even suicidal thoughts.
to filter inappropriate content
and monitor children's online
activities.
● Establish clear rules about the
amount of time children can
spend online.
● Provide resources and training
for parents to stay informed
about the latest online threats
and protective measures.

Reference:

● What if children are online without parental supervision and protection?

● How to Protect Your Child Online - Expert Tips and Strategies

3. Question: Some people think our first impression of someone is important, while
others think we should not judge another person so quickly and should take our
time to know them better. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

The importance of first impressions The case for taking time to know
someone

● First impressions can reflect a ● Initial judgments can be

person's self-presentation skills and
confidence.
● First impressions can sometimes
provide accurate insights into a
person's character.
influenced by stereotypes, and
personal biases, leading to
inaccurate or unfair
assessments.

21
 ● Taking the time to get to know
someone allows for observation
of consistent behaviors and
deeper qualities.

Reference:

● Importance of first impressions (And how to improve yours)

● 5 Reasons Why First Impressions Are The Most Important

● Why We Shouldn’t Judge People Too Quickly

4. Question: With the development of online communication, people will never be

alone and will always be able to make new friends. To what extent do you agree?

Advantages of Online Communication Limitations of Online

Communication

● Online platforms allow people to ● Online interactions lack the

connect with others regardless of
geographic location.
● People can meet others with
similar interests through online
forums, and social media groups.
physical presence and non-
verbal cues that are important
for building deep, meaningful
relationships.
● Online friendships can
sometimes be superficial and
lack the depth of in-person
relationships.

Reference:

● Know the benefits of Online friendships

● Pros And Cons Of Online friendship

22
5. Nowadays celebrities are more famous for their glamour and wealth than for their
achievements, and this sets a bad example to young people. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

Negative influences of celebrities on Positive influences of celebrities on

young people young people

● Celebrities who flaunt their wealth ● Stories of celebrities

and glamour can promote a culture
of materialism among young
people.
● Young people may feel pressured
to conform to the beauty standards
and lifestyles portrayed by
celebrities, which can be harmful
to their mental and physical health.
overcoming obstacles and
achieving greatness can
motivate young people to
pursue their own goals and
dreams.
● Celebrities often use their
platform to raise awareness for
important social, environmental,
and health issues, encouraging
young people to become more
socially engaged.

Reference:

● Are Celebrities Good Role Models for Teens?

● Celebrities’ Influence on Teens: The Good and the Bad

23
 TOPIC 5: TOURISM

Practice questions

1. Question: Tourism is an important industry in many countries. What benefits do you

think tourism brings to individuals and society?
2. Question: As a result of tourism and the increasing number of people travelling,
there is a growing demand for more flights. What problems does this have on the
environment? What measures could be taken to solve the problems?
3. Question: With more people choosing to watch travel programs on TV and social
media, fewer people will be willing to pay the costs of traveling abroad. To what
extent do you agree?
4. Question: As a result of tourism, some historical buildings and sites are being
damaged beyond repair. What could be done to prevent this?
5. Question: Some people believe that to protect local culture, tourism should be
banned in some areas, while others think that change is inevitable and banning
tourism will have no benefits. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

24
 Main points

1. Question: Tourism is an important industry in many countries. What benefits do you

think tourism brings to individuals and society?

Individual benefits of tourism Social benefits of tourism

● Increased tourist activity boosts ● Tourism can lead to

demand for local goods and
services, supporting small
businesses and entrepreneurs.
● Tourism creates jobs for local
people in various sectors such as
hospitality, transportation,
entertainment, and retail.
improvements in infrastructure
such as roads, airports, public
transportation,...
● Revenue from tourism can be
invested in social services such
as healthcare, education, and
public amenities.

Reference:

● Tourism: the advantages, disadvantages and how to properly travel

● Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism

2. Question: As a result of tourism and the increasing number of people travelling,

there is a growing demand for more flights. What problems does this have on the
environment? What measures could be taken to solve the problems?

25
 Environmental problems caused by Measures to mitigate environmental
increased flights problems

● Contributes to global CO2 ● Governments imposing stricter

emissions, which drive global
warming and climate change.
● Aircraft noise during takeoff,
landing, and flight operations
creates significant noise pollution.
● The expansion of airports and
associated infrastructure requires
substantial land use, leading to
habitat destruction and biodiversity
loss.
emissions regulations,
incentivizing green practices.
● Use of sustainable aviation fuels
like biofuels and synthetic fuels.
● Educating travelers about the
environmental impact and
promoting responsible travel
choices.

Reference:

● Unprecedented Impacts of Aviation Emissions on Global Environmental and

Climate Change
● Mitigation strategies for reducing air pollution

3. Question: With more people choosing to watch travel programs on TV and social
media, fewer people will be willing to pay the costs of traveling abroad. To what
extent do you agree?

26
 Reasons for virtual travel Reasons against virtual to travel

● Travel programs offer a cost-free ● Physical travel offers sensory

way to experience different places.
● Travel programs provide easy
access to diverse locations without
logistical hassles.
● In light of recent global health
crises, such as the COVID-19
pandemic, travel programs offer a
way to experience the world
without the risk of exposure to
these diseases.
experiences and personal
interactions that cannot be
replicated virtually.
● Certain types of travel, such as
study abroad programs, business
trips and field research require
physical presence for effective
learning, networking, and
professional development.

Reference:

● Top 10 Benefits & Advantages of Virtual Tour

● What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Tours?

4. Question: As a result of tourism, some historical buildings and sites are being
damaged beyond repair. What could be done to prevent this?

27
 Measures to prevent damage to historical buildings and sites due to tourism

● Implementing limits on the number of visitors allowed at historical sites

to reduce wear and tear.
● Enforcing rules that prohibit activities that could damage sites, such as
touching artifacts and graffiti.
● Running campaigns that emphasize the importance of preserving
historical sites and encourage respectful behavior.

Reference:

● How Tourism Can Protect Cultural Heritage

● Preservation and Conservation of Historical Sites
● Preventing vandalism in tourism: A multi-dimensional approach

5. Question: Some people believe that to protect local culture, tourism should be
banned in some areas, while others think that change is inevitable and banning
tourism will have no benefits. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

Reasons for banning tourism Reasons against banning tourism

● Tourism can lead to the ● Tourism provides significant

commercialization and dilution
of local traditions and customs.
● Tourism can contribute to
environmental degradation.
employment opportunities and
income for local communities.
● Funds generated from tourism
can be reinvested into
preserving and promoting local
culture.

Reference:

● 5 Ways tourism can have a negative impact

● What are the positive and negative impacts of the tourism industry?

28
 TOPIC 6: GOVERNMENT

Practice questions
1. Question: Some people feel that there is too much emphasis on getting an education,
and that the government should spend money on leisure time activities for young
people too. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Question: A government has a responsibility to its citizens to ensure their safety.
Therefore, some people think that the government should increase spending on defense
but spend less on social benefits. To what extent do you agree?
3. Question: Some people think that the government should give money to creative
people, such as artists and musicians. To what extent do you agree?
4. Question: Some people think the government should pay for health care and education,
but there is no agreement about whether it is the government’s responsibility. What is
your opinion?
5. Question: Accommodation and transport problems are increasing in many large cities.
Businesses are encouraged to move to rural areas. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

29
 Main points
1. Question: Some people feel that there is too much emphasis on getting an education,
and that the government should spend money on leisure time activities for young
people too. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons for focusing on education Reasons why the government should spend
money on leisure time activities for young
people

● Education equips individuals ● Leisure activities contribute to physical

with the necessary skills and
knowledge.
● Investments in education have
long-term societal benefits.
well-being.
● Leisure activities often encourage
interpersonal skills.
● Leisure activities provide a necessary
outlet for stress relief and mental health
promotion.

Reference:

● Education and Innovation: The Key Drivers for Skills Development

● The economic benefits of investment in education and skills training
● The Surprising Truth About Leisure: Why It’s Essential for Our Mental Health
and Well-being.
● RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES THAT BUILD LIFE SKILLS - Healthy Family
Living in Metro Vancouver

2. Question: A government has a responsibility to its citizens to ensure their safety.

Therefore, some people think that the government should increase spending on defense
but spend less on social benefits. To what extent do you agree?

30
 Arguments for increasing defense Arguments against reducing social
spending benefits

● A strong military can act as a ● Reducing spending on social

deterrent against potential attacks or
conflicts.
● Defend spending often drives
technological innovation that benefits
society as a whole.
● A strong defense can enhance a
nation’s global standing.
● Defense industries can create jobs =>
foster economic growth.
benefits can adversely affect the
quality of life of citizens =>
undermine social stability.
● Reducing spending on social
benefits can have long-term
negative impacts on a nation’s
growth.

Reference:

● Military Spending Can Grow the Nation’s Economy

● Global military spending surges amid war, rising tensions and insecurity

● The Role Of Government In Promoting Social Welfare

3. Question: Some people think that the government should give money to creative
people, such as artists and musicians. To what extent do you agree?

Reasons why the state should allocate Reasons why the state should not
funds to creators allocate funds to creators

● Diverting the national budget to ● The government have finite

artists and musicians foster cultural
enrichment
● Investment in the arts can
significantly contribute to the
economy
resources
● Funds allocated to the arts could
be used for other initiatives that
might have a more direct and

31
 Reasons why the state should allocate Reasons why the state should not
funds to creators allocate funds to creators

● This policy can free artists to be more measurable impact on public

creative welfare.

● An artist who must sell his or

her artworks is motivated to
strive for greater works

Reference:

● WHY GOVERNMENT SHOULD INVEST IN THE ARTS

● What are some reasons that the arts should not be funded?

4. Question: Some people think the government should pay for health care and education,
but there is no agreement about whether it is the government’s responsibility. What is
your opinion?

Reasons why the government should pay Reasons why the government should
for health care and education not pay for health care and education

● Government involvement in ● Individuals should take

healthcare and education can
address social inequalities.
● Investing in education is crucial for
developing a skilled workforce.
● A healthy population is often
viewed as crucial for economic
stability.
responsibility for their own
healthcare and education.
● Government-funded healthcare and
education often leads to financial
concerns.

32
Reference:

● Access to Quality Health Care, Education Vital for Improving Children’s Well-
Being, Speakers Stress as Third Committee Concludes Debate
● Investing in Education and Skill Development - FasterCapital
● Valuing health: why prioritising population health is essential to prosperity
● People must take responsibility for own health, says Matt Hancock
● Effects of Health Care Spending on the U.S. Economy | ASPE

5. Question: Accommodation and transport problems are increasing in many large cities.
Businesses are encouraged to move to rural areas. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

Advantages of encouraging Disadvantages of encouraging businesses to

businesses to move to rural move to rural areas
areas

● Businesses may benefit ● Moving businesses away from large cities

from lower operating costs
in rural areas.
● Employees may experience
an improved quality of life
in rural areas.
● Another advantage of
doing business in a rural
area is the lower
competition.
might result in a loss of access to a highly
skilled and diverse talent pool concentrated
in urban areas.
● Establishing the necessary infrastructure in
rural areas may require significant
investment.

Reference:

● Advantages Of Doing Business In A Rural Area

● The Pros and Cons of Starting a Business in a Rural Area - Acquira.
● Advantages and Disadvantages of Business Relocation in 2021 - Commercial Risk
Europe

33
 TOPIC 7: TRANSPORT

Practice questions

1. Question: In some cities and towns all over the world, the high volume of traffic is a
problem. What are the causes of this and what actions can be taken to solve this
problem?
2. Question: Some people think that in order to solve traffic and transportation problems
people should be encouraged to live in cities rather than in suburbs or in the
countryside. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3. Question: The impact that the growing demand for more flights has had on the
environment is a major concern for many countries. Some people believe that one way
to limit the number of people travelling by air is to increase tax on flights. To what
extent do you think this could solve the problem?
4. Question: Some people think an international car-free day is an effective way to reduce
air pollution. Others think there are more effective ways to do this. Discuss both sides
and give your opinion.
5. Question: One way to solve the problem of congestion on the roads is to increase the
tax on private vehicles. How could this alleviate congestion? What other measures can
you suggest to deal with congestion in cities?

34
 Main points

1. Question: In some cities and towns all over the world, the high volume of traffic is a
problem. What are the causes of this and what actions can be taken to solve this
problem?

Causes of high traffic volume Solutions to high traffic volume

● Population growth in cities lead to ● Improve and expand public

increased demand for transportation,
resulting in more vehicles on the road
● Urban planning that prioritizes cars
over alternative modes of
transportation results in sprawling
cities with limited public transit
options, encouraging car usage.
● Insufficient and inefficient public
transportation systems force people to
rely on private vehicles for
commuting, increasing traffic
congestion.
transportation networks,
including buses, subways, light
rail, and commuter trains, to
provide viable alternatives to
private vehicles.
● Develop cycling lanes,
pedestrian-friendly
infrastructure, and bike-sharing
programs to encourage walking
and cycling as alternative modes
of transport.

● Enhance traffic management

measures, such as intelligent
transportation systems, real-
time traffic monitoring, and
adaptive signal control, to
optimize traffic flow and reduce
congestion.

Reference:

● What causes traffic jams: 5 reasons for congestion

● 7 Tips to Help Cities Reduce Traffic Congestion

35
 ● The Real Causes of Traffic Congestion and How to Help Your Fleet Avoid Them

2. Question: Some people think that in order to solve traffic and transportation problems
people should be encouraged to live in cities rather than in suburbs or in the
countryside. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of moving citizens to Arguments against moving citizens

suburbs to suburbs

● Lower population density in cities can ● Moving to suburbs often results

reduce the strain on public
transportation systems and
infrastructure.
● Encouraging people to move to the
suburbs can alleviate traffic
congestion in city centers, making
urban transportation more efficient.
in longer commutes, which can
increase traffic congestion and
vehicle emissions.
● Suburban living typically
necessitates greater reliance on
cars, contributing to higher
pollution levels and carbon
footprints.

Reference:

● Good urban planning will help reduce traffic jams in Hà Nội

● Urban Travel and Urban Population Density

3. Question: The impact that the growing demand for more flights has had on the
environment is a major concern for many countries. Some people believe that one way
to limit the number of people travelling by air is to increase tax on flights. To what
extent do you think this could solve the problem?

36
 Arguments in favor of increasing tax on Arguments against increasing tax on
flights flights

● Higher taxes on flights would ● Higher taxes on flights could

increase ticket prices, making air
travel less affordable for many
people, which could reduce the
overall demand for air travel.
● Increased flight costs might
encourage travelers to consider
alternative modes of transportation,
such as trains or buses, which are
often more environmentally friendly.
● Higher taxes on flights can encourage
more conscious travel decisions and
reduce unnecessary trips.
negatively impact the tourism
industry.
● Airlines and related businesses
(e.g., airports, catering,
maintenance) could suffer
significant financial losses,
potentially leading to job cuts
and bankruptcies
● Investing in the development of
more fuel-efficient aircraft and
sustainable aviation fuels could
reduce the environmental
impact of air travel without
limiting accessibility.

Reference:

● Growing support for taxing the climate impact of flying

● Taxes and environmental transition

● Does taxing aviation really reduce emissions?

4. Question: Some people think an international car-free day is an effective way to reduce
air pollution. Others think there are more effective ways to do this. Discuss both sides
and give your opinion.

37
 Arguments in favor of an international Arguments against an international
car-free day car-free day

● A car-free day can lead to a ● The environmental benefits of a

significant drop in air pollutants and
greenhouse gas emissions.
● This measure can raise public
awareness about the impact of car
emissions on air quality and climate
change.
single car-free day are short-
lived.
● A car-free day can cause
inconvenience for people who
rely on cars for commuting,
especially in areas with
inadequate public transportation
options.

● Investing in renewable energy

sources and cleaner
technologies can provide more
sustainable and impactful
solutions to air pollution.

Reference:

● What You Can Do to Reduce Pollution from Vehicles and Engines

● World Car-Free Day on 22 September a great opportunity to reduce air pollution

5. One way to solve the problem of congestion on the roads is to increase the tax on
private vehicles. How could this alleviate congestion? What other measures can you
suggest to deal with congestion in cities?

38
How increasing the tax on private vehicles Other measures to deal with
could alleviate congestion congestion in cities

● The increased cost of owning a car ● The government should

may push individuals to consider improve public transportation.
alternative modes of transportation,
such as public transit, cycling, or ● Cities should implement
walking. congestion pricing.
● As vehicle ownership decreases, the
● Cities should adopt smart traffic
number of cars on the road will also
drop, leading to reduced traffic management.
congestion.
● Higher taxes can encourage more
judicious use of vehicles, reducing
unnecessary trips and promoting
carpooling.

Reference:

● Traffic: Why It’s Getting Worse, What Government Can Do

● Reducing Traffic Congestion and Pollution in Urban Areas

● Five ways the world fights traffic congestion

39
 TOPIC 8: LEISURE

Practice questions

1. Question: Some people say that young people can learn useful skills by playing

electronic and computer games. Others say that young people who play electronic
and computer games are wasting their time. Discuss both views and give your own
opinions.
2. Question: Shopping is the favorite pastime for most of the young people. Why do
you think that? Do you think they should be encouraged to do some other useful
activities?
3. Question: Many people today would argue that cinemas are becoming irrelevant

due to new streaming services. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

4. Question: Some people think that companies should provide employees with

exercise time during the day. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
5. Question: Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and
martial arts, should be banned from TV as well as from international sporting
competitions. To what extent do you agree?

40
 Main points

1. Question: Some people say that young people can learn useful skills by playing
electronic and computer games. Others say that young people who play electronic and
computer games are wasting their time. Discuss both views and give your own opinions.

Reasons why young people can learn Reasons why play electronic games are
useful skills by playing computer games wasting their time

● Many computer games require ● Prolonged periods of gaming can

players to think critically and solve
complex problems to advance,
enhancing young people's problem-
solving abilities.
● Multiplayer games allow youngsters
to boost teamwork, communication,
and collaboration skills.
● Games with open-ended scenarios
or those that allow players to create
their own worlds can foster
creativity and imagination.
contribute to a lack of physical
exercise, leading to issues like
obesity, poor posture, and other
health-related problems.
● Excessive gaming can lead to
isolation from real-world social
interactions.
● Spending too much time in the
virtual world can negatively
impact academic or work
performance.

Reference:

● The benefits of video games in learning

● The Benefits of Computer Games for Children
● What Are the Pros and Cons of Video Games?
● 5 Drawbacks & Benefits of Computer Games

2. Question: Shopping is the favorite pastime for most of the young people. Why do
you think that? Do you think they should be encouraged to do some other useful activities?

41
 Reasons why shopping is a favorite Reasons why young people should be
pastime for young people encouraged to do other useful activities

● Shopping often fosters social ● Promoting physical activities can

interactions.
● Shopping enables the young to
keep up with the latest trends.
● Shopping can serve as a
distraction from daily stresses.
improve well-being.
● Encouraging educational pursuits can
contribute to personal and
professional development

● Participating in community service

can foster a sense of responsibility.

Reference:

● The Benefits of Shopping

● Things to Do Besides Shopping – Cultivating New Hobbies and Pastimes

3. Question: Many people today would argue that cinemas are becoming irrelevant
due to new streaming services. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

42
 Arguments in favor of cinemas Arguments against cinemas becoming
becoming irrelevant irrelevant

● Streaming services often offer a ● Cinemas offer a unique and

more cost-effective option for
regular entertainment.
● Streaming services provide a vast
library of content, catering to
diverse tastes.
● Streaming services provide the
convenience of watching movies or
shows from the comfort of one's
home, eliminating the need to
travel to a cinema.
immersive experience that cannot
be fully replicated at home.
● Cinemas provide a communal space
for social activities.
● Some major film releases are
initially exclusive to cinemas
before being available on streaming
platforms.

Reference:

● The pros and cons of streaming

● What is the impact of streaming platforms on cinema?
● Differences between a home theater and home cinema

4. Question: Some people think that companies should provide employees with
exercise time during the day. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons for providing employees Reasons against providing employees with

with exercise time exercise time

● Regular exercise can boost
employees’ overall well-being.
● Exercise can enhance
productivity.
● Physical activity helps to
reduce stress and anxiety,
leading to a more positive and
balanced work environment.
● Allowing time for exercise during work
hours might reduce the time available
for work tasks, potentially lowering
overall productivity.
● Implementing exercise programs can be
costly in terms of facilities.

43
 ● Scheduled exercise breaks might
disrupt the workflow of employees.

Reference:

● Why Should Companies Allow Employees to Exercise During Working Hours?

● 10 benefits of giving employees time to exercise at work

● Should leaders make exercise mandatory in the workplace?

5. Question: Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and
martial arts, should be banned from TV as well as from international sporting competitions.
To what extent do you agree?

For banning violent sports Against banning violent sports

● Promoting sports based on violence ● Banning violent sports could be

goes against ethical principles and seen as an infringement on
societal values personal freedoms
● Exposure to violent sports on TV
might lead young viewers to emulate ● Banning these sports would
aggressive behavior, potentially result in job losses for those
fostering a culture of violence and involved in these industries.
aggression among impressionable
● Many violent sports have deep
youth.
● The long-term medical care required cultural and historical roots.
for athletes who suffer severe injuries
can impose significant costs on public
health systems.

Reference:

● Should violent sports like wrestling be banned?

● Should Boxing Be Banned? 5 Reasons For & 5 Reasons Against

44
 TOPIC 9: CRIME

Practice questions

1. Question: The crime rate nowadays is decreasing compared to the past due to
advanced technology which can prevent and solve crime. Do you agree or disagree?
2. Question: Many criminals commit further crimes as soon as they are released from
prison. What do you think are the causes of this? What possible solutions can you
suggest?
3. Question: It is often thought that the increase in juvenile crime can be attributed to
violence in the media. Do you agree that this is the main cause of juvenile crime?
What solutions can you offer to deal with this situation?
4. Question: Some people think that the government should be responsible for crime
prevention, while others believe that it is the responsibility of the individual to
protect themselves. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
5. Question: The death penalty is the best way to control and reduce serious crime. To
what extent do you agree?

45
 Main points

1. Question: The crime rate nowadays is decreasing compared to the past due to
advanced technology which can prevent and solve crime. Do you agree or disagree?

Reasons why reduced crime rates are Reasons why reduced crime rates
due to advanced technology are not due to advanced technology

● Smart surveillance systems have ● There has been a growth in the

made it easier to monitor public
spaces and identify criminals.
● Modern communication
technology allows for faster
dissemination and reporting of
crimes.
● Forensic advancements have
greatly improved the ability to
solve crimes.
rate of cybercrime.
● Crime rates are influenced by a
variety of factors, including
economic conditions, education,
and social inequalities, not just
technology.

Reference:

● The Role of Technology in Crime Prevention

● The Growing Role of Technology in the Criminal Justice Field
● The Rise of Cybercrime: A Look at the Impact of Digital Technology on
Crime and Security

2. Question: Many criminals commit further crimes as soon as they are released from
prison. What do you think are the causes of this? What possible solutions can you
suggest?

46
 Causes of reoffending Solutions

● Former inmates may struggle to ● The government should implement

land a job to sustain their lives.
● Many prisons focus on
punishment rather than
rehabilitation, failing to address
the underlying issues that lead
to criminal behavior.
● Ex-convicts often face
significant social stigma and
discrimination.
rehabilitation programs to prepare
inmates for successful
reintegration.
● The authorities should create
initiatives to encourage employers
to hire former inmates.
● The government should encourage
community-based organizations to
offer support programs that help
former inmates build positive social
networks.

Reference:

● Recidivism: Definition, Causes & Examples

● People Who Reoffend: The Facts and Figures
● 4 Proven Ways to Reduce Recidivism - TReND Wyoming
● The 7 Strategic Pathways key to reducing reoffending - States of Guernsey

3. Question: It is often thought that the increase in juvenile crime can be attributed to
violence in the media. Do you agree that this is the main cause of juvenile crime?
What solutions can you offer to deal with this situation?

47
 The increase in juvenile crime can be Solutions
attributed to violence in the media

For: ● Schools should implement

● Young people are highly
impressionable and tend to imitate
behaviors observed in the media.
● Violent media can reinforce
aggressive thoughts and feelings.
Against:
● Juvenile crime is influenced by a
complex interplay of factors.
● Juvenile crime persists even in
remote areas where media
exposure is limited.
programs to teach children
critical thinking skills regarding
media content.
● Parents should monitor their
children’s media consumption.
● The government should impose
stricter regulations on media
content accessible to children.
● Providing better economic
opportunities and supportive
educational environments can
help reduce the factors that lead
to juvenile crime.

Reference:

● The Impact Of Social Media And Technology On Juvenile Crime Rates -

FasterCapital
● Social Media Is Not The Cause of Youth Violence – But It Can Be The
Solution
● Causes of Juvenile Crime: Major Causes & Rising Rates

4. Question: Some people think that the government should be responsible for crime
prevention, while others believe that it is the responsibility of the individual to
protect themselves. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

48
 Reasons why the government Reasons why it is the responsibility of the
should be responsible for crime individual to protect themselves
prevention

● Governments are established ● Personal vigilance can deter

to ensure the safety and
security of their citizens.
● Governments possess the
necessary resources and legal
authority to implement wide-
reaching crime prevention
measures.
● Governments can enact laws
and policies that deter
criminal behavior.
opportunistic crimes.
● Individuals can act immediately to
enhance their security without
waiting for governmental processes,
which can be slow and bureaucratic.
● Individuals can tailor their security
measures to their specific needs and
circumstances, making these
measures more effective.

Reference:

● Are governments to blame for crime?

● Strengthening Society: The Vital Role of Individuals in Crime Prevention
● Your Role in Preventing Crime | Harvard University Police Department

5. Question: The death penalty is the best way to control and reduce serious crime. To
what extent do you agree?

Reasons why the death penalty is the Reasons why the death penalty is not
best way to prevent serious crime the best way to prevent serious crime

● Fear of the death penalty stops ● Innocent people could be

people from committing offences. wrongly convicted and
● The death penalty shows that crime executed.
is not tolerated.

49
 Reasons why the death penalty is the Reasons why the death penalty is not
best way to prevent serious crime the best way to prevent serious crime

● Executing serious criminals ● Executing prisoners creates a

ensures that they cannot commit
further crimes, thus protecting
society from potential future
offenses.
violent culture and encourages
revenge.
● The death penalty violates the
right to life which happens to be
the most basic of all human
rights.
● It does not address the root
causes of crime.

Reference:

● Why the Death Penalty should be abolished

● 10 Reasons Why The Death Penalty is Wrong | Human Rights Careers
● Does the Death Penalty Deter Crime?

50
 TOPIC 10: HEALTH

Practice questions

1. Question: Healthcare should not be provided for free regardless of a person’s

income. The health of a person is in their own hands and they should, therefore, be
held accountable for that.
Do you agree with this opinion?
2. Question: In many countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy.
Some people think that the government should have the responsibility. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
3. Question: More and more people are suffering from health problems caused by a
modern lifestyle which cannot be treated with modern medicines. Some people
think that a return to traditional medicine should be encouraged. To what extent do
you agree?
4. Question: Some people think that public health is the responsibility of the
government while others think that people should be responsible for their own
health. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
5. Question: People should only buy food sourced locally. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of this?
6. Question: With a growing population, many people believe that we should focus on
producing more GM foods. What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing
this?

51
 Main points

1. Question: Healthcare should not be provided for free regardless of a person’s

income. The health of a person is in their own hands and they should, therefore, be
held accountable for that.
Do you agree with this opinion?

Reasons why healthcare should not be Reasons why healthcare should be

provided for free provided for free

● Paying for healthcare may ● Providing free medical expenses

encourage individuals to lead
healthier lifestyles to avoid
medical costs.
● Providing free healthcare could put
a strain on national budgets.
● Charging for healthcare
encourages patients to prioritize
necessary treatments and avoid
elective procedures that are not
essential.
helps enhance public health.
● Providing free medical expenses
improves healthcare equality.
People from disadvantaged
backgrounds may be able to
access health care.

Reference:

● Health care systems: models, pros and cons, and smart health card
contribution
● The Pros and Cons of Universal Healthcare
● Reasons Why Healthcare Should Be Free

2. Question: In many countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy.

Some people think that the government should have the responsibility. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

52
 Arguments in favor of government Arguments against government
responsibility responsibility

● States have the power and ● The parents of these children

resources to enact laws or policies should assume a secondary role
that can actively promote a in rectifying this problem as
healthier lifestyle and therefore well.
curb the obesity rate among ● Schools are essential in
children. promoting healthy lifestyles.
● Governments can invest in public
awareness campaigns to educate
parents, caregivers, and children
about the importance of a healthy
lifestyle.

Reference:

● Childhood obesity, parental duties of care and strategies for intervention

● Childhood obesity: who’s to blame and who should pay?
● Who's responsible for the childhood obesity crisis?

3. Question: More and more people are suffering from health problems caused by a
modern lifestyle which cannot be treated with modern medicines. Some people
think that a return to traditional medicine should be encouraged. To what extent do
you agree?

Reasons in favor of a return to Reasons against a return to

traditional medicine traditional medicine

● Traditional medicine can ● Many traditional medicines lack

complement modern medicine. rigorous scientific validation
and evidence from controlled

53
 ● Traditional practices emphasize
prevention and maintaining
balance in the body, potentially
reducing the incidence of lifestyle-
related diseases.
clinical trials, which raises
concerns about their safety and
efficacy.
● Some traditional medicines may
interact with modern
pharmaceuticals or cause
adverse effects, particularly if
used improperly or without
professional guidance.

Reference:

● Traditional medicine
● Traditional medicines should be used in healthcare - Wits University
● Traditional medicine has a long history of contributing to conventional
medicine and continues to hold promise

4. Question: Some people think that public health is the responsibility of the
government while others think that people should be responsible for their own
health. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

The reasons why public health is the The reasons why people should be
responsibility of the government responsible for their own health.

● Governments have the authority ● Individuals who prioritize

to implement large-scale public
health measures.
● Governments have the resources
to invest in enhancing
healthcare services.
● Government intervention helps
ensure the common good of a
healthy population.
preventive measures and
maintain a healthy lifestyle may
incur fewer healthcare costs in
the long run.
● Individuals’ entire responsibility
for their own health can ease the
government’s burdens on
healthcare.

54
 The reasons why public health is the The reasons why people should be
responsibility of the government responsible for their own health.

● Individuals’ entire responsibility

for their own health is also their
social responsibility.

Reference:

● Responsibility for health: personal, social, and environmental

● Governmental Public Health Powers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
● Why Investors Should be Optimistic About Vietnam’s Healthcare Industry
● The Impact of Personalized Preventive Care on Health Care Quality,
Utilization, and Expenditures

5. Question: People should only buy food sourced locally. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of this?

Advantages Disadvantages

● Buying locally sourced food can ● Local food availability can be

help reduce carbon footprint.
● Buying local food supports local
farmers and businesses, keeping
money within the community
and boosting the local economy.
● Local food is often fresher since
it is harvested closer to the time
of purchase, which can enhance
flavor and nutritional content.
limited to certain seasons.
● Limiting food choices to local
sources can restrict dietary
diversity.
● Focusing solely on local food
could negatively impact farmers
and producers in other regions
who rely on export markets for
their livelihoods.
● Relying only on local food may
result in nutritional gaps if

55
 Advantages Disadvantages

certain nutrients or food groups

are not locally available.

Reference:

● 10 Benefits of Eating Local Food - Stephanie Kay Nutrition

● 6 Reasons to Buy Local Food | Learning Enhancement & Innovation |
University of Adelaide
● Sustainable Shopping: Pros and Cons of Local Food
● The Pros and Cons of Buying Food Locally - Small99

6. Question: With a growing population, many people believe that we should focus on
producing more GM foods. What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing
this?

Advantages Disadvantages

● GM crops can produce higher ● There is a small risk that GMO

yields.
● GM foods can be modified to
contain higher levels of
essential vitamins and minerals,
addressing malnutrition and
improving public health.
● GM crops can be designed to be
resistant to pests and diseases,
reducing the need for chemical
pesticides.
foods can trigger an allergic
reaction.
● Genetically modified crops
being altered biologically may
pose a human health risk.
● There is a risk of cross-
contamination where genes
from GM crops can spread to
wild relatives or non-GM crops,
potentially disrupting
ecosystems.

56
 Advantages Disadvantages

● GM crops can be developed to

withstand extreme weather
conditions.

Reference:

● Pros and cons of GMO foods: Health and environment

● The Advantages and Disadvantages of GMOs
● GMOs: Pros and Cons, Backed by Evidence

57
 TOPIC 11: HOUSING AND BUILDING

Practice questions

1. Question: In some countries, most people prefer to rent their homes rather than
buying them. What are the advantages and disadvantages of renting a home?
2. Question: Planting trees is very important for the environment. Some people say
trees should be planted in the vacant areas of cities and towns, while others say
housing facilities should be built instead. Do you agree or disagree?
3. Question: Services, such as shops, schools and commercial centres should be
relocated out of the city center. To what extent do you agree?
4. Question: Some people think that old buildings should be protected, while others
believe that they should be replaced by newer buildings. Discuss both sides and give
your opinion.

58
 Main points
1. Question: In some countries, most people prefer to rent their homes rather than
buying them. What are the advantages and disadvantages of renting a home?

Advantages of renting a home Disadvantages of renting a home

● Renting allows for easier and ● Renting a home often means

quicker relocation
● Renting a property is the
significantly reduced responsibility
when it comes to maintenance and
repairs
● Renting is the ability to easily
adjust living arrangements to better
suit tenants’ current situation
you have limited control over
the property
● Another disadvantage of renting
a home is the potential for rising
rental costs
● Rent payments do not contribute
to building equity or owning an
asset

Reference:

● 5 Reasons Why Renting Can Be Better Than Buying

● Say Goodbye to Your Landlord | Low Down Payment Home Loans

2. Question: Planting trees is very important for the environment. Some people say
trees should be planted in the vacant areas of cities and towns, while others say
housing facilities should be built instead. Do you agree or disagree?

59
Reasons for planting trees in the vacant Reasons for building housing
areas of cities and towns facilities

● Trees absorb pollutants and ● Many urban areas face severe

produce oxygen, which enhances housing shortages, leading to
air quality in urban areas. high rents and homelessness
● Access to green spaces has been
linked to improved mental health
and reduced stress.
● Trees enhance the beauty of urban
landscapes, making cities more
attractive.

Reference:

● How Do Trees Reduce Air Pollution? All You Need to Know.

● The Case for Green Space: A Cost-Effective Mental Health Resource
● Why trees make cities beautiful
● How MMC Can Help Solve the Housing Crisis in the UK | The Offsite Guide

60
3. Question: Services, such as shops, schools and commercial centres should be
relocated out of the city center. To what extent do you agree?

Benefits of relocating services out of Drawbacks of relocating services out

city centers of city centers

● Relocating services to less central ● The presence of shops, schools,

areas can reduce the number of
vehicles converging in the center
● Relocating services can encourage
growth in suburban and peripheral
areas
● Decentralization can lead to more
balanced urban development,
preventing the overconcentration
of services and infrastructure in the
city center.
and commercial centers in city
centers significantly contributes
to their economic vibrancy
● Moving essential services such
as schools and healthcare
facilities to the outskirts can
make them less accessible

Reference:

● HCM City considers relocation of markets to ease traffic congestion

● Eight Reasons Why Retail is Critical to a Thriving U.S. Economy
● Infrastructure in Urban Development - AP HuG Study Guide 2024 | Fiveable

61
4. Question: Some people think that old buildings should be protected, while others
believe that they should be replaced by newer buildings. Discuss both sides and give
your opinion.

Arguments for protecting old buildings Arguments for replacing old

buildings

● Old buildings often have historical ● Old or dilapidated buildings can

significance and cultural value pose a serious safety hazard
● Well-preserved historic buildings ● New buildings can incorporate
can become major tourist modern materials and
attractions technologies
● Preserving an old building can
reduce the amount of waste that
enters our environment

Reference:

● 7 reasons it's important to undertake historical building restoration - SCE

● 10 Reasons to Restore an Old Building | Foundation Experts
● The Benefits of Building Demolition
● The Pros and Cons of New and Old Builds | GetGround

62
 TOPIC 12: DIFFICULT QUESTIONS

Practice questions

1. Question: Scientists believe that by studying the behaviour of 3-year-old children,

people can predict if that child can become a criminal in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from
growing to be a criminal?
2. Question: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life." However, some people
think that the present time is more important. How important is it for individuals and
the country to think and do something for the future? What is your own opinion?
3. Question: Some people think that intelligence is innate, while others think that we can
improve our intelligence through learning. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
4. Question: Eco-tourism usually involves people visiting remote areas. Some people
think this will have a negative impact on local cultures and communities. What
problems can result from ecotourism? What measures can be taken to protect local
culture and communities?

63
 Main points

1. Question: Scientists believe that by studying the behaviour of 3-year-old children,

people can predict if that child can become a criminal in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from
growing to be a criminal?

Crime is determined by genetics How to stop children from turning to

criminal life

● It is very common for the children of ● A large proportion of criminal

violent criminals to display some
degree of abnormal behaviour as
children and later in life.
● Human beings may acquire certain
characteristics that are inherited from
parents.
● Criminals tend to have aggressive
behaviours when they are children.
behaviour can be prevented by a
supportive family environment.
● If young individuals receive
proper education, they might
develop their cognition to
distinguish right from wrong
and avoid illegal activities.

Reference:

● Preventing involvement in crime | nidirect

● Opinion | How to Turn Children Into Criminals - The New York Times
● Children of Organized Crime Offenders: Like Father, Like Child?
● When Crime Is a Family Affair

2. Question: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life." However, some people
think that the present time is more important. How important is it for individuals and
the country to think and do something for the future? What is your own opinion?

64
 The importance of future preparation Personal opinion

● Being future-oriented helps ● Being present-focused is a

individuals and a nation to handle
upcoming calamities.
● Being future-oriented helps
individuals become motivated and
focused on their goals.
precursor to sustainable future
development.
● Being present-focused allows
individuals to quickly address
the problems at hand.

Reference:

● Are you present or future oriented? - Vancouver Business Journal

● Future or Present? - Is It Better to Be Future-Oriented or Present-Oriented?

3. Question: Some people think that intelligence is innate, while others think that we can
improve our intelligence through learning. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

Reasons why intelligence is innate Reasons why intelligence can be

improved through learning

● Genetic factors play a significant role ● Intelligence can be significantly

in determining an individual's influenced by environmental
intellectual capabilities factors.
● Developing habits that cultivate
intelligence is important to
unlock the brain’s full potential

65
 Reference:

● Is intelligence inherited ? | 3 Answers from Research papers

● Influences on Intelligence: Environment | StudySmarter
● Developing Habits that cultivate Intelligence

4. Question: Eco-tourism usually involves people visiting remote areas. Some people
think this will have a negative impact on local cultures and communities. What
problems can result from ecotourism? What measures can be taken to protect local
culture and communities?

Problems resulting from ecotourism Measures to protect local culture and

communities

● Eco-tourism can disrupt traditional ● Educate tourists about the local

ways of life.
● Ecotourism can lead to
environmental degradation.
● The influx of tourists can drive up
prices for goods and services.
● Regions that rely heavily on
tourism can become economically
vulnerable in the face of downturns
in the industry.
culture and traditions to foster
respect and appreciation, rather
than exploitation.
● Implement policies that limit the
number of visitors to sensitive
areas, reduce resource
consumption, and manage waste
effectively.
● Implement policy measures to
control inflation and monitoring of
prices, especially of essential
goods.

66
 Problems resulting from ecotourism Measures to protect local culture and
communities

● Implementation of policy
measures to control inflation and
monitoring of prices, especially of
essential goods,

Reference:

● Eco-Tourism - Meaning, Benefits & Drawbacks

● 25 Important Disadvantages Of Tourism

67
68