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Korean Rock Properties
Korean Rock Properties
Korean Rock Properties
The Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol.26, No.4, December, 2016, pp. 593-600
https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2016.4.593
[기술보고]
국내에 분포하는 암반의 물리·역학적 특성 분석
서용석1*·윤현석1·김동규2·권오일2
1
충북대학교 지구환경과학과, 2한국건설기술연구원 지반연구소
[Technical Reports]
Analysis on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass in Korea
Yong-Seok Seo1*, Hyun-Seok Yun1, Dong-Gyou Kim2, and O-Il Kwon2
1
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University
2
Geotechnical Engineering Research Institute, Korea Institute of Construction Technology
Received 11 December 2016; received in revised form 18 December 2016; accepted 23 December 2016
To understand the mechanical properties of rock masses and intact rock in Korea, data from 4,280 in situ and laboratory tests
from 107 tunnels on general national roads were analyzed. The mechanical properties (unit weight, cohesion, friction angle, mod-
ulus of deformation, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, coefficient of permeability,
and specific gravity) were analyzed by rock types and strength of rock in each rock type. The results of analysis, the mean spe-
cific gravity was highest in gneiss. The coefficient of permeability and Poisson’s ratio show the highest mean values in granite
and metamorphic rock, respectively. In addition, the unit weight, cohesion and friction angle in sedimentary rock, modulus of
deformation, Young’s modulus, uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength in volcanic rock have the highest mean values.
The values for each mechanical property showed wide ranges by the heterogeneity and anisotropy of rock masses in spite of
detailed analysis by rock type and classification of rocks according to the strength.
Key words: rock mass, mechanical property, tunnel, rock type, classification of rocks according to the strength.
593
594 서용석·윤현석·김동규·권오일
Fig. 1. Test data used for analysis in this study: (a) mechanical properties, (b) districts, (c) rock types, and (d) classification of rocks
according to the strength.
국내에 분포하는 암반의 물리·역학적 특성 분석 595
수집자료
역학적 특성의 분포 범위
암반의 역학적 특성은 암종별로 분석되었고, 동일한 암종
이라도 다양한 범위를 보이는 역학적 특성을 고려하기 위해
시험을 수행한 대상 암석의 강도에 따라 풍화암과 연암, 보
통암, 경암으로 세분화하여 분석하였다. 암석의 강도에 따른
분류는 시추 로깅(logging) 자료를 참고하였다. Fig. 2는 상
자그림을 이용해 역학적 특성의 분포 범위를 도시한 것으로
시험 자료를 크기 순으로 배열한 후 누적 백분율의 25%에
해당하는 값인 1사분위수(lower quartile)와 누적 백분율의
75%에 해당하는 3사분위수(upper quartile)를 상자(box)로
표현한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 자료의 밀집 정도를 상세히
분석하기 위해 상자 안에 분포하는 사분위수간(interquartile)
자료를 분포 범위(IQR, interquartile range)로 산정하였다.
단위중량은 무결암에 대한 실내시험을 통해 산정한 값으로
암종에 따른 분포 범위의 분석 결과, 편마암이 22.0~28.2
kN/m3으로 다른 암종에 비해 상대적으로 높은 값과 넓은 Fig. 2. Box plots of (a) unit weight, (b) cohesion, (c) friction
범위를 보이며, 편마암을 제외한 다른 암종들은 24.9~27.0 angle, (d) modulus of deformation, (e) Young’s modulus, (f)
Poisson’s ratio, (g) uniaxial compressive strength, (h) tensile
kN/m3으로 비슷한 범위에 분포한다(Fig. 2a). 암석의 강도에 strength, (i) coefficient of permeability, and (j) specific gravity
따른 분포 범위는 편마암의 연암에서 22.0~26.5 kN/m3으로 by strength of rock in each rock type. The gray boxes are IQRs
(inter-quartile ranges). The abbreviations of type of rocks
가장 넓게 분포한다. 삼축압축시험을 통해 산정한 점착력과 according to the strength are as follows: weathered rock (W),
내부마찰각의 분포 범위는 각각 0.01~27.0 MPa과 25.9~ soft rock (S), moderate rock (M), and hard rock (H).
596 서용석·윤현석·김동규·권오일
Table 1. Result of analysis for mechanical properties in gneiss. The symbols are follows: Lower quartile (Q1), Upper quartile (Q3), unit weight
(γt), cohesion (C), friction angle (Φ), modulus of deformation (Ed), Young’s modulus (E), Poisson’s ratio (ν), uniaxial compressive strength (σc),
tensile strength (σt), coefficient of permeability (k), and specific gravity (G).
Mechanical property γt C Φ Ed E ν σc σt k G
of geniss 3 o −5
(kN/m ) (MPa) () (GPa) (GPa) (MPa) (MPa) (×10 cm/sec)
Q1 - 0.03 31.3 0.02 0.5 - 25.8 - 4.3 -
Moderate Q3 27.8 20.5 50.1 13.0 31.8 0.22 98.6 15.0 2.9 2.78
rock Median 26.6 17.0 46.9 10.0 17.4 0.18 69.0 13.0 1.0 2.76
Mean 27.2 15.4 47.5 9.6 25.3 0.18 74.5 14.5 1.5 2.74
Q1 26.9 0.03 43.0 4.8 11.5 0.16 64.0 9.2 0.1 2.65
Q3 28.2 22.0 53.3 17.1 41.6 0.23 107.7 15.0 1.6 2.74
Hard rock
Median 27.6 14.2 48.6 11.9 24.4 0.19 87.2 12.0 0.6 2.68
Mean 27.6 12.9 47.2 13.2 28.2 0.20 90.5 14.7 2.2 2.70
Table 2. Result of analysis for mechanical properties in granite. The symbols are the same as those of Table 1.
Mechanical property γt C Φ Ed E ν σc σt k G
of granite 3 o −5
(kN/m ) (MPa) () (GPa) (GPa) (MPa) (MPa) (×10 cm/sec)
Q1 26.1 0.03 31.8 0.04 0.2 0.30 47.6 4.7 4.7 -
Weathered Q3 26.4 0.09 47.0 0.5 0.9 0.30 74.6 4.7 10.9 -
rock Median 26.3 0.03 33.7 0.2 0.6 0.30 59.3 4.7 8.7 -
Mean 26.2 1.2 38.7 0.3 0.6 0.31 62.9 4.7 15.7 -
Q1 24.9 3.9 45.5 0.5 2.00 0.21 33.5 4.8 0.8 2.60
Q3 26.0 8.3 49.0 4.1 11.7 0.27 85.0 7.1 3.0 2.61
Soft rock
Median 25.8 7.8 49.0 1.1 5.2 0.26 52.9 6.0 2.1 2.61
Mean 25.6 5.5 46.7 2.4 10.9 0.25 64.0 5.9 2.5 2.61
Q1 26.2 9.7 54.0 2.3 3.7 0.25 62.9 5.9 0.7 2.63
Moderate Q3 26.4 12.4 56.0 3.4 46.3 0.27 81.6 7.9 1.3 2.68
rock Median 26.2 10.8 55.0 2.8 6.2 0.27 68.9 6.3 1.0 2.67
Mean 26.3 12.1 53.8 6.3 21.1 0.26 81.1 11.2 1.0 2.66
Q1 25.9 0.02 44.7 5.4 14.2 0.20 94.6 7.4 0.5 2.65
Q3 26.2 24.0 56.0 17.4 58.2 0.25 189.7 16.3 2.3 2.70
Hard rock
Median 26.1 13.6 53.0 11.8 32.1 0.22 132.4 11.0 1.0 2.68
Mean 25.9 13.7 49.8 12.3 35.8 0.21 138.6 26.6 2.9 2.68
598 서용석·윤현석·김동규·권오일
Table 3. Result of analysis for mechanical properties in sedimentary rock. The symbols are the same as those of Table 1.
Mechanical property γt C Φ Ed E ν σc σt k G
of sedimentary rock (kN/m ) 3
(MPa) o
() (GPa) (GPa) (MPa) (MPa) (×10 −5
cm/sec)
Q1 - 8.5 53.3 - - - - 5.4 1.5 -
Table 4. Result of analysis for mechanical properties in volcanic rock. The symbols are the same as those of Table 1.
Mechanical property γt C Φ Ed E ν σc σt k G
of volcanic rock (kN/m ) 3
(MPa) o
() (GPa) (GPa) (MPa) (MPa) (×10 −5
cm/sec)
Q1 - 0.01 - - - 0.23 41.0 12.6 6.0 2.54
Moderate Q3 - - - - - - - - - -
rock Median - - - - - - - - - -
Mean - - - - - - - - - -
Q1 26.3 0.1 39.3 5.4 38.4 0.20 48.2 11.9 0.6 2.64
Q3 27.0 27.0 60.5 26.5 57.0 0.26 173.6 18.8 1.2 2.69
Hard rock
Median 26.9 8.2 46.0 5.7 53.5 0.25 89.0 13.9 0.8 2.66
Mean 26.7 12.8 49.4 20.4 57.5 0.23 137.9 15.9 2.1 2.65
국내에 분포하는 암반의 물리·역학적 특성 분석 599
Table 5. Result of analysis for mechanical properties in metamorphic rock. The symbols are the same as those of Table 1.
Mechanical property γt C Φ Ed E ν σc σt k G
of metamorphic rock (kN/m3) (MPa) (o) (GPa) (GPa) (MPa) (MPa) (×10−5 cm/sec)
Q1 - 0.01 25.9 0.1 0.2 0.30 - - - -
Weathered Q3 - 0.03 32.2 0.1 0.3 0.30 - - - -
rock Median - 0.02 31.4 0.1 0.2 0.30 - - - -
Mean - 0.02 28.3 0.1 0.2 0.30 - - - -
Q1 26.1 17.6 46.0 0.8 29.2 0.21 91.0 4.1 0.9 2.74
Q3 26.3 21.0 51.0 1.7 51.8 0.26 128.7 10.0 0.9 2.77
Soft rock
Median 26.2 19.0 46.0 1.1 38.1 0.26 99.5 9.0 0.9 2.75
Mean 26.2 20.3 49.0 1.2 38.2 0.23 99.3 7.3 0.9 2.74
Q1 - - - - - - - - - -
Moderate Q3 - - - - - - - - - -
rock Median - - - - - - - - - -
Mean - - - - - - - - - -
Q1 26.1 6.4 51.0 0.6 6.6 0.22 51.0 4.9 0.4 2.68
Q3 26.5 12.6 55.0 3.0 34.2 0.26 56.9 10.7 1.2 2.68
Hard rock
Median 26.2 8.3 53.0 0.7 18.3 0.24 54.0 7.8 0.4 2.68
Mean 26.2 9.5 53.3 2.2 24.3 0.25 54.0 8.6 9.4 2.68
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