Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance

Faculty of Economics

MIDTERM REPORT
LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT - MGT1143E

GROUP 3

Ho Chi Minh City, 2024

No ID Studnet Full Name Performance

1 215085318 Phạm Minh Tiểu Bảo 100%

2 215085908 Đoàn Nhật Hào 100%

3 215081443 Mai Thái Hồng Ngân 100%

4 215082455 Nguyễn Thị Nhi 100%

5 215085510 Đặng Hiền Phương 100%

6 215085548 Nguyễn Đào Nhật Tân 100%

PERFORMANCE
 TABLE OF CONTENT
PERFORMANCE.............................................................................................................. i

TABLE OF CONTENT......................................................................................................ii

LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................1

 About Cat Lai...................................................................................................... 1

 History.................................................................................................................2

 Infrastructure.......................................................................................................2

 Operations.......................................................................................................... 3

 Prominent Services.............................................................................................4

CHAPTER 2 CONTENT............................................................................................. 5

Question 1: How long does it take Cat Lai to unload and load cargo again on a ship
when it arrives? Which equipment is used to unload cargoes at the wharf? Provide
photos and clearly explain the functions and procedures of the equipment used to
load and unload goods at the wharf..............................................................................5
1.1. Time unload and load cargoes........................................................................5
1.2. Equipment........................................................................................................5
1.2.1.Ship-to-Shore Crane - STS Crane................................................................5
1.2.2.Liebherr Crane............................................................................................. 8
1.2.3.Rubber Tired Gantry Crane - RTG frame Crane..........................................9
1.2.4.Reach Stacker............................................................................................11
1.2.5.Tractor trucks............................................................................................. 13
1.2.6.Tugboat...................................................................................................... 15

Question 2: What types of ships does Cat Lai allow to dock? Why don't they let bigger
ships dock to carry more goods?................................................................................17
2.1. Types of ships does Cat Lai allow to dock.....................................................17
 2.2. Cat Lai Port doesn't let bigger ships dock to carry more goods for some
reasons following.....................................................................................................17

Question 3: Definition of lashing; Basic principles in the process of performing cargo

lashing operations.......................................................................................................18
3.1. Definition of Lashing......................................................................................18
3.2. Supporting devices and tools for binding and lining goods............................19
3.3. Basic principles in the process of performing cargo lashing operations........20

Question 4: List the basic parameters of containers and how to check container
status.......................................................................................................................... 20
1.1. The basic parameters of containers..............................................................20
1.2. How to check container status.......................................................................21

CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION.....................................................................................23

REFERENCES...............................................................................................................24
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: The areas surrounding Cat Lai port - Cat Lai's rear region............................1
Figure 1.2: Diagram of Tan Cang - Cat Lai port...............................................................3
Figure 1.3: Cat Lai port.................................................................................................... 4
Figure 2.1: STS Cranes................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2.2: STS Cranes................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2.3: Liebherr Crane...............................................................................................8
Figure 2.4: RTG frame Crane.......................................................................................... 9
Figure 2.5: RTG frame Crane moves the container.......................................................10
Figure 2.6: Reach Stacker............................................................................................. 11
Figure 2.7: Reach Stacker moves the container............................................................13
Figure 2.8: Tractor trucks...............................................................................................14
Figure 2.9: The floor trailer part of tractor trucks............................................................15
Figure 2.10: Tugboat......................................................................................................15
Figure 2.11: Container Ship at Cat Lai Port...................................................................17
Figure 2.12: Container Lashing......................................................................................19
Figure 2.13: Lashing cargo in container.........................................................................19
Figure 2.14: The basic parameters of containers...........................................................21
Figure 2.15: Check container status...............................................................................22
 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
 About Cat Lai
Tan Cang - Cat Lai Port (TCCL) is the largest and most modern international container
port in Vietnam, ranking among the top 20 container ports in the world. The port is
managed by Saigon Newport Corporation. With a planned area of 160 hectares and a
quay length of 2,040 meters, the port is equipped with modern facilities and advanced
management technology (TOPX and TOPOVN).
Cat Lai Port is located in Ho Chi Minh City and is connected to National Highway 1, the
Inner Beltway, the Outer Beltway, and the Ho Chi Minh City - Long Thanh - Dau Giay
Expressway via Provincial Road 25 with an H30 load capacity throughout the entire
route. Thanks to these expressways, goods from TCCL can easily and quickly reach
key economic regions such as Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Long An, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, and
the Mekong Delta provinces
Cat Lai Port handles over 90% of the container export-import market share in the
southern region and nearly 50% of the market share nationwide, playing a crucial role in
Vietnam's logistics and supply chain system.

Figure 1.1: The areas surrounding Cat Lai port - Cat Lai's rear region
Source: saigonnewport

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  History
From June 1996 to 2002, the Cat Lai Port project began construction with an initial area
of 170,000 square meters and two quays of 150 meters each, capable of handling ships
with a tonnage of 20,000 tons.
In March 1998, the port primarily handled bulk cargo ships and began welcoming its first
ships from China.
In October 2002, the port started container operations and received its first container
ship from RCL (Regional Container Lines).
From 2005 to the present, Saigon Newport Corporation has transferred container ship
operations to Cat Lai, making it the focal port of the entire southern region.

 Infrastructure
Tan Cang - Cat Lai Port has a total area of 160 hectares and a total quay length of more
than 2 km, capable of simultaneously accommodating 09 feeder vessels and ships with
a tonnage of up to 45,000 DWT.
The port area is divided into three terminals A, B, and C, with a dedicated area for
refrigerated containers and a specialized berth for receiving barges and loading rice.
Inside Cat Lai Port, there are three depots managing empty containers, and outside the
port, there are four associated depots.
Currently, Tan Cang - Cat Lai Terminal is equipped with 86 RTG cranes, 26 STS
cranes, 60 terminal tractors, and 90 forklifts, among other equipment.
Saigon Newport Corporation uses the TOPX real-time management system from
Australia, automating nearly all planning and yard management stages.

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 Figure 1.2: Diagram of Tan Cang - Cat Lai port
Source: saigonnewport

 Operations
In 2019, Cat Lai handled more than 5,000,000 TEUs per year, accounting for 93% of
the import-export cargo market share in Ho Chi Minh City.
According to the 2023 report from the Vietnam Seaports Association, Cat Lai Port is
currently the largest international container port in the country. In 2023, the port handled
5.33 million TEUs (each TEU is equivalent to a container over 6 meters in length). This
figure is three times that of the second-largest port and roughly equal to the combined
throughput of all ports in the northern and central regions. Cat Lai Port also achieved a
cargo throughput of nearly 80 million tons, accounting for about 22% of the country's
total.
It can be said that Cat Lai Port is the busiest and most active container port in Vietnam.
According to 2022 statistics, Cat Lai Port processes customs clearance for 33,000
enterprises annually with over 500,000 customs declarations. The import-export
turnover through Cat Lai Port alone reached USD 30 billion, contributing over VND

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46,000 billion to the state budget, accounting for 35% of the total revenue of Ho Chi
Minh City Customs.

Figure 1.3: Cat Lai port

Source: saigonnewport

 Prominent Services
Tan Cang - Cat Lai Port provides a wide range of services to meet the diverse needs of
customers, including:
 Cargo Handling
 Storage Service at Yard/Warehouse
 Cargo Transportation
 Import-Export Agency
 Customs Clearance
 Cargo Insurance
 Reefer Container Inspection
 SNP
 Container Inspection, Repair, and Cleaning

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 CHAPTER 2 CONTENT
Question 1: How long does it take Cat Lai to unload and load cargo again on a
ship when it arrives? Which equipment is used to unload cargoes at the wharf?
Provide photos and clearly explain the functions and procedures of the
equipment used to load and unload goods at the wharf.

1.1. Time unload and load cargoes

The time it takes to unload and reload goods onto the ship at Cat Lai port depends on
many factors, including:
 Dimensions of the vessel (Cargo of large size and weight will require a lot of time
and manpower to unload).
 Type of cargo (Container cargo is usually easier to unload and load than bulk
cargo).
 Number of containers.
 The condition of the goods (Fragile, perishable, or dangerous goods will need to
be handled with more care).
 Weather conditions.
a Normally, Cat Lai Port typically necessitates between 12 to 18 hours to unload and
reload cargo upon a ship's arrival. The time for unloading and loading goods onto
the ship is no more than 18 hours because Cat Lat port mainly docks liners and acts
as a stopover station. If the liner stops for too long, it will waste time and slow down
the ship's route.
1.2. Equipment
1.2.1. Ship-to-Shore Crane - STS Crane
A Ship-to-Shore (STS) crane is a specialized and large piece of equipment used in port
operations to load and unload cargo containers from ships. These cranes are commonly
found at container terminals and play a critical role in ensuring the efficient functioning
of ports.

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 Figure 2.4: STS Cranes
Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
 Functions
Their primary function is to unload containers from ships onto the wharf and vice versa.
When the ship docks, an STS shore crane system is needed to transfer containers from
the ship to shore and stack them neatly with a crane capacity of 30-32 containers/h.
STS Cranes play a key role in maritime freight transportation, reducing loading and
unloading times, increasing operational efficiency, and lowering logistical costs.

 Procedures
 Arrival and positioning
Reaching and positioning are important activities during the operation of STS cranes to
ensure the safe and efficient lifting of containers from the ship. The STS crane is moved
close to the ship's side to the position where the containers need to be loaded or
unloaded and in the correct position for loading or unloading containers.

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 Figure 2.5: STS Cranes
Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
 Unloading and loading Containers
STS cranes use cranes as well as automated systems to unload and load containers
according to pre-programmed strategies. STS cranes utilize the power to hoist
containers from the top lip of the ship. The distributor is then inserted into the
appropriate grooves on the port.
 Supervision and Safety
o Monitoring in real-time: Ensure accurate container location, prevent
damage, and maintain safe distances between containers.
o Tracking and documentation: The terminal's management system records
detailed information about each container, including container number,
weight, and destination, during the loading and unloading process.
 Maintenance and Efficiency
It is usually the case that after each working cycle, STS cranes undergo inspection and
maintenance as a matter of ensuring stability and safety for the subsequent operations.

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In addition to this, upon completion of the loading or unloading process, STS cranes are
maintained regularly; they are also inspected and repaired to have the best
performance possible.

1.2.2. Liebherr Crane

These cranes are the most powerful in the world and essential equipment on almost
every construction site due to their mobility and versatility, which speed up the
transportation process significantly.

Figure 2.6: Liebherr Crane

Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
 Functions
 Handling cargo on smaller ships: Due to draft limitations, Cat Lai primarily
handles smaller container ships. Liebherr cranes, with their mobility and
flexibility, can efficiently load and unload containers from these vessels where
STS cranes might not be suitable.
 Reaching specific locations: The mobile nature of Liebherr cranes allows them
to access areas on the wharf where STS cranes with fixed rails cannot reach.
This might be necessary for loading or unloading specific cargo sections on a
ship.

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  Handling special cargo: Liebherr cranes are well-suited for project cargo with
odd shapes or oversized dimensions that require specialized lifting techniques.
Cat Lai Port might handle such cargo, and Liebherr cranes would be the ideal
equipment for the job.
 Supporting STS cranes: Liebherr cranes can act as support for STS cranes in
situations like:
o Unloading or loading containers from higher tiers on a ship that STS
cranes cannot reach due to their boom limitations.
o Transferring containers between the wharf and areas outside the reach of
STS cranes.

 Procedures
The procedures for Liebherr cranes are generally similar to STS cranes. They use
spreaders or grabs to handle containers or bulk cargo.
Their rubber tires allow for more flexible positioning around the wharf compared to STS
cranes on fixed rails.

1.2.3. Rubber Tired Gantry Crane - RTG frame Crane

The RTG frame crane is a large industrial crane that has a gantry frame with mobile
wheels to move on a track or concrete floor.

Figure 2.7: RTG frame Crane

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 Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
 Functions
 RTG frame crane is used to load and unload containers in seaports.
 Cranes can lift and move containers with large weights, helping to increase the
efficiency of loading and unloading goods at the port.
 Procedures
 Pre-Operational Checks
The operator performs safety checks on the crane itself, ensuring everything is
functioning properly. This may include inspecting brakes, tires, alarms, and the spreader
(the device that attaches to the container).
 Transport
The operator uses the control panel to identify and target the specific container for
movement. The crane maneuvers into place over the container. The operator lowers the
spreader and locks it onto the container's lifting points. Once secure, the container is
hoisted clear of the stack. The crane travels along the designated rails, carrying the
container to its new location.

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 Figure 2.8: RTG frame Crane moves the container
Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
 Lowering and Placement
The crane carefully positions itself over the target spot for the container. The operator
lowers the spreader and unlocks it, allowing the container to be placed exactly on the
stack or onto a waiting truck/ship.

1.2.4. Reach Stacker

The type of lifting equipment with a wheeled car structure, equipped with a diesel
engine and hydraulic motor, lifting and lowering containers through the fork mechanism
(from common forklifts) or holding joints (from snap forklifts or side lifts).

Figure 2.9: Reach Stacker

Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
 Functions
 Container stacking: Reach stacker is used to stack containers into tiers (layers)
on container stacking platforms.

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  Loading and unloading containers: Reach Stacker can move containers from
a position on the gantry and place them on the transport vehicle safely and
effectively.
 Moving containers: The reach stacker is capable of moving containers from one
location to another in the port area easily and effectively.
 Enhance productivity: Thanks to the ability to stack containers and move
flexibly, the truck helps save time and effort for loading, unloading, and moving
containers.
 Container management: Reach stacker helps stack containers in a neat and
organized manner on the gantry, making it easy to determine the location of each
container.

 Procedures
 Preparation
Receiving Instructions: The reach stacker operator receives instructions from the
terminal control center regarding the specific task:
o Location of the container to be picked up (yard, truck chassis, etc.)
o Destination for the container (ship, another yard location, etc.)
 Container Handling
o Positioning and Extension: The reach stacker driver maneuvers the
vehicle to the location of the container. The operator then extends the
telescopic forks to reach the desired container level in the stack (if
applicable).
o Securing the Container: The forks are carefully positioned under the
container's bottom corner castings. The operator activates the spreader
attachment on the forks to securely clamp onto the container.
o Lifting and Transport: The container is lifted off the ground or previous
location. The reach stacker driver then carefully transports the container to
its designated destination.

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 Figure 2.10: Reach Stacker moves the container
Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
 Placement and Lowering
o Maneuvering and Positioning: The reach stacker driver maneuvers the
vehicle to the designated placement area (ship, yard location, truck
chassis, etc.). The driver ensures proper alignment for safe placement.
o Lowering and Unstacking: The container is carefully lowered onto its
designated spot. If stacking containers, the driver positions them precisely
on top of other containers in the stack.
o Releasing and Retraction: Once secure, the spreader attachment is
released from the container. The telescopic forks are retracted for the next
operation.

1.2.5. Tractor trucks

Tractor trucks are designed to transport heavy, large, and large-sized goods such as
containers, railways, machinery, and industrial equipment.
Internal tractors do not have license plates.
The front of the car is only for one person to sit in and is not intended for long-distance
travel.

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 Figure 2.11: Tractor trucks
Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
 Functions
 Ensure goods are transported efficiently and on time.
 Flexibility in logistics, easy to transport goods in an optimal way.
 Ensure goods are protected from risks and damage by being strictly controlled.
 Shorten transportation time.

 Procedure
 Start the vehicle and check the vehicle's components to ensure safety before
operating.
 Connect trailers using specialized equipment such as cranes, winches,...
 Use the steering wheel to control the vehicle's direction of movement.
 When towing a trailer, be careful to keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front
and do not exceed the allowed speed.

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 Figure 2.12: The floor trailer part of tractor trucks
Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
1.2.6. Tugboat
The small ship that works towing, pushing, or standing next to ships and other floating
vehicles at sea and in seaport waters

Figure 2.13: Tugboat

Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
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  Functions
 Towing ships arriving and leaving port.
 Escort and clear channels for ships to pass through narrow channels with many
vehicles.
 Rescue & salvage of ships.
 Support for launching ships and vehicles.
 Towing non-self-propelled vehicles.
 Respond to oil spills.
 Escort and clear channels for ships to pass through narrow channels with many
vehicles.

 Procedures
 Preparation: The tugboat crew receives instructions from the harbor master or
pilot regarding the specific ship they will be assisting.
 Positioning: The tugboat maneuvers into position around the target ship, typically
at the bow or stern depending on the docking maneuver.
 Connection (optional): In some cases, lines might be connected between the
tugboat and the ship to provide additional control.
 Maneuvering Assistance: Using powerful engines and propellers, the tugboat
pushes or pulls the ship to assist with:
 Docking: Carefully guiding the ship into its designated berth at the wharf.
 Undocking: Assisting the ship in safely pulling away from the wharf.
 Turning: Helping the ship maneuver within the harbor, especially in tight spaces.
 Disengagement: Once the ship is safely positioned or maneuvering
independently, the tugboat disengages and moves away.
a There are also many other specialized equipment used to unload special goods,
such as dangerous goods unloading equipment, oversized and overweight cargo
unloading equipment,... In addition to the equipment used to unload cargoes at the
wharf, there are also human factors such as pilots to guide the ship to dock properly
and staff to control the equipment.

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Question 2: What types of ships does Cat Lai allow to dock? Why don't they let
bigger ships dock to carry more goods?

2.1. Types of ships does Cat Lai allow to dock

Cat Lai port doesn’t let bigger ships dock to carry more goods for the following:
 In terms of size, Cat Lai belongs to the Feeder port cluster with a capacity of less
than 3,000 TEU leading to a dock of medium-sized or small Feeder ships
suitable for short sea routes and can travel within continents. At Cat Lai port, the
Feeder ship with the largest capacity ever docked is 2,900 TEU.
 In terms of classification, Cat Lai allows to welcome Container ships and not care
about the cargo in the container what is.

Figure 2.14: Container Ship at Cat Lai Port

Source: saigonnewport

2.2. Cat Lai Port doesn't let bigger ships dock to carry more goods for some
reasons following
 Draft Restrictions
The biggest limitation is the draft of the channel leading to Cat Lai. Draft refers to
the depth of water a ship needs to safely navigate. The Soai Rap River, where
Cat Lai sits, isn't deep enough for the biggest container ships. The channel depth

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 is -8.6 meters (tide: 0.8 - 3.8) and the depth in front of the wharf is -12 meters.
This limits the size and weight of ships that can enter the port. Larger ships with
deeper drafts would risk running aground.
 Infrastructure limitations
Cat Lai's wharf length is 2040 meters allows have 9 wharves for receiving ships
(containers) and 1 wharves for receiving barges. If many ships are allowed to
dock to carry goods, it will lead to a sudden increase in vehicle traffic on the
roads surrounding the port, especially the roads leading into and out of the port.
The increasing number of heavy container trucks puts great pressure on traffic
infrastructure, leading to overloading and road deterioration. In addition, around
the port there are many people's houses and more traffic, causing environmental
pollution and noise pollution, affecting people's health.
 Port Capacity
The port's capacity to handle cargo may also be a constraint. While larger ships
have the potential to carry more goods, the port needs to have appropriate
handling equipment, such as cranes and storage facilities, to efficiently manage
the increased cargo volume. Expanding the port's capacity to handle larger ships
would likely require significant investments in equipment and facilities and Cat
Lai Port only has the equipment to well-exploit Feeders.

Question 3: Definition of lashing; Basic principles in the process of performing

cargo lashing operations.

3.1. Definition of Lashing

Lashing is the process of lashing goods using straps, ropes, or load-bearing fibers to
ensure that goods on ships, containers or pallets are fixed and safe during
transportation.
Make sure the goods are firmly fixed, limiting the situation of moving or falling from the
vehicle during transportation.
Avoid unexpected damages (breakage, dented goods,...).
Minimize the risk of accidents during long-distance transportation.

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 Figure 2.15: Container Lashing
Source: Marine Insight

Figure 2.16: Lashing cargo in container

Source: Hemant Wooden Packaging

3.2. Supporting devices and tools for binding and lining goods
 Steel strapping
 Wire rope
 Dunnages
 PE membrane
 Types of straps ( shoulder straps, composite straps,..)
 Iron beetle tightens the belt
 Belt buckle
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3.3. Basic principles in the process of performing cargo lashing operations
1. Need to check pallet condition and contents before Lasing.
2. Heavy goods must be stacked on the bottom, and slight goods on top.
3. Do not stack goods that overflow the pallet.
4. Limit the height of goods when stacked on the pallets.
5. Weigh and tie the packages together to form a block.
6. Labels on the shelves should be on the outside when loading goods.

Question 4: List the basic parameters of containers and how to check container
status.

1.1. The basic parameters of containers

 The container number comprises 10 characters, with the first 4 being letters and
the last 6 being numbers. The first 3 characters represent the container owner's
code, and the fourth character indicates the type of container:
o J: detachable freight container-related equipment
o R: reefer (refrigerated) containers
o U: standard freight containers
o Z: trailers and chassis
 The check number is derived by summing the converted numbers from the first
10 characters and then dividing by 11, with the remainder serving as the check
number.
 The 4-character sequence is divided into 3 parts:
1. The first letter represents the length of the container: 2 for 20 feet, 4 for 40
feet, L for 45 feet, and M for 48 feet.
2. The second character represents the height of the container: 0 for 8 feet, 2
for 8 feet 6 inches, and 5 for 9 feet 6 inches.
3. The last two characters denote the type of container:
o G (General): containers without an insulation system
o R (Refrigerate): refrigerated containers
o U (Open top): containers with an open roof

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 o T (Tank container)
o P (Platform container)
 Additionally, the document provides detailed information, including the maximum
weight of the container when packed (MGW), the weight of the container shell
(TARE), the maximum weight of goods packed into the container (NET or
PAYLOAD or MAX.C.W), the cubic capacity of the container (CU.CAP), and the
CSC Table (Container Safety Convention) that sets safety standards for
transportation. Other signs on the container provide instructions and notes for
loading goods.

Figure 2.17: The basic parameters of containers

Source: Cat Lai Fieldtrip
1.2. How to check container status
 Check the container's specifications
Check the parameters recorded on the outer shell of the container.
 Check the external condition of the container
Check the outside of the container for any dents, rust, or damage. Check the roof
and corners for potential problems.

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  Check the internal condition of the container
o Check the internal water tightness by closing the container door from the
inside to check if light penetrates, and if there are holes or cracks. Inspect
the studs around the sealing keyhole for serious damage or protrusion.
o For containers containing frozen goods, check other parts such as
ventilation holes, cold air pipes, and refrigeration parts.
 Check the Container door and container hygiene status
o Open and close the container door to ensure it is closed tightly and safely.
Check the latch to confirm that it keeps the contents secure and prevents
water from leaking inside.
o Check the cleanliness of the interior floor and look for chemicals that could
affect quality. Determine whether the floor is rusted or eroded due to
frequent contact with the ground.

Figure 2.18: Check container status

Source: Cargo Snap

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 CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION
Cat Lai Port, known as an important "knot" in the global supply chain, is bustling day
and night with waterway transport activities. With a prime central location near high-tech
industrial parks and export processing zones, Cat Lai is a priority for businesses to
choose to use services. Thanks to that, Cat Lai is the port that contributes the largest
profit to Saigon New Port.
To successfully bring a shipment through Cat Lai port, it is necessary to go through
many stages with the smooth coordination of many departments. From receiving
information, completing customs procedures, loading and unloading goods, storing and
transporting them to customers, all require professionalism, accuracy and safety. Goods
are loaded and unloaded using a modern machinery system, ensuring safety and high
efficiency. Along with that, a team of experienced and well-trained staff is always ready
to monitor, check and handle arising situations. Safety is always top priority at Cat Lai
Port. Measures to prevent fire and explosion, protect the environment, and ensure the
health of workers are strictly implemented. Thanks to that, Cat Lai Port always
maintains safe and stable operations, contributing to the development of Vietnam's
import-export industry.
Cat Lai Port is not only a cargo destination but also a symbol of Vietnam's dynamism,
creativity and integration into the global economy. This place is a testament to the
tireless efforts of the Vietnamese people in the journey to further develop the country.

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