AnnAmAlAi university

FAculty oF medicine
medicAl And surgicAl nursing

DRUG PRESENTATION ON

PrometHAZine

submitted to: submitted by:

Mrs.Lakshmi mam, B.Vanitha,
Tutor in nursing, IV B.sc (nursing)
RMCON, RMCON,
AU. AU

submitted on:
 PROMETHAZINE

DEFINITION

Promethazine is a first-generation antihistamine and

antiemetic drug, commonly used to treat allergy symptoms,
nausea, and vomiting, as well as to provide sedation.

INDICATION

 Allergic Reactions: Relief of symptoms associated with

allergic conditions such as rhinitis and urticaria.
 Motion Sickness: Prevention and treatment of nausea,
vomiting, and dizziness.
 Nausea and Vomiting: Management of nausea and
vomiting from various causes including surgery and
chemotherapy.
 Sedation: Induction of preoperative sedation and light
sleep.
 Cough and Cold Symptoms: Alleviation of symptoms
related to the common cold, including runny nose and
sneezing.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

 Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to promethazine or other

phenothiazines.
 Children Under 2 Years: Risk of fatal respiratory
depression.
 Severe Respiratory Depression: Conditions like asthma
and COPD.
  Comatose States: Patients in a coma or those with CNS
depression.
 Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Due to anticholinergic effects.
 Severe Cardiovascular Disease: Potential for exacerbation
of symptoms.

SIDE EFFECTS

 Common Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth,

blurred vision, constipation.
 Serious Side Effects: Respiratory depression, severe
hypotension, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, severe
allergic reactions.
 Other Potential Effects: Photosensitivity, urinary retention,
confusion (especially in elderly patients).

BRAND NAME

 Phenergan
 Promethegan
 Phenadoz

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Promethazine works by,

 Histamine Receptor Blockade: Blocking H1 receptors,

reducing the effects of histamine in allergic reactions and
providing antiemetic effects.
 Anticholinergic Effects: Producing a drying effect on the
mucous membranes, reducing nasal secretions.
 Sedative Effects: Acting on the central nervous system to
induce sedation and prevent nausea and vomiting.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS

- Assessment: Monitor patient for relief of symptoms, assess

for side effects, and observe for any signs of an allergic
reaction.
- Administration: Can be given orally, rectally,
intravenously, or intramuscularly. Ensure proper dilution
and administration techniques for IV use to avoid tissue
damage.
- Patient Education: Inform patients about potential
drowsiness; advise against driving or operating heavy
machinery. Educate on avoiding alcohol and other CNS
depressants.
- Monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, especially in
elderly patients, for signs of hypotension or respiratory
depression.
- Special Precautions: Use with caution in patients with a
history of respiratory conditions, cardiovascular disease, or
those who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Interactions: Be aware of interactions with other CNS
depressants, anticholinergic drugs, and MAO inhibitors.