Polyembryony

Polyembryony is a phenomenon in which more than one embryo develops from a single
fertilized ovule or seed.

In other words, a single ovule or seed gives rise to multiple embryos, each capable of
developing into a separate seedling.

This can occur through various mechanisms -

1. Cleavage of proembryo.
2. Formation of embryos from different cells of embryo sac instead of egg cell.
3. Formation of multiple embryo sac from the same ovule.
4. Cells of the ovule tissue becoming activated and developing into embryos.

Parthenocarpy
Fruit developed naturally or artificially without pollination and fertilization, which makes the fruit
seed less.
Ex- Seedless Banana, Cucumber, Watermelon etc.

Types of Parthenocarpy

Rejuvenation

Rejuvenation: Rejuvenation is the process of pruning and managing the plants to make them
more productive by using the existing root system for support and absorption, and the existing
limbs/branches to rebuild the productive canopy.

Rejuvenation: Rejuvenation is the process of pruning and then managing the plants to make
them more productive. Rejuvenation utilizes the existing root system for support and absorption,
and the existing branches to rebuild the canopy.

Q. Why do we need to rejuvenate senile/ old plants?

Ans:
1. To restore productivity and vigor of senile or old plants.
2. To increase resistance to diseases and pests that accumulate over time.
3. To adapt plants to changing conditions like climate.
 4. To extend productive lifespan.
5. To introduce new genetics.
6. To remove excessive woody growth.

Q. Characteristics of senile plants:

1. Dominance of long branches that do not bear fruit and produce fruit only at the tips.
2. Senile plant's ability to produce new leaves is reduced.
3. Highly infested by pest and diseases.
4. Reduced fruit yield.

Q. Principles of Rejuvenation:

1. Dormant buds of trees are activated to grow new leaves, thus forming the canopy and
fruiting area of the plant.
2. Improvement in the root-to-shoot ratio, the balance between root and shoot system.

Q. Consideration:

Q. Advantages of Rejuvenation:

1. Lowers the fruiting area, easy to harvest.

2. Creates extra space for intercropping.
3. Large amount of pruned wood provide additional income.
4. Enhance the productivity of the plant.
5. Utilizes the existing root system.