ANSWERS BIOLOGY WORKSHEET NO.

1 (a) 1 inspired air has more oxygen (than expired air) / R – no oxygen in expired air
ORA;
2 inspired air has less carbon dioxide (than R – no carbon dioxide in inspired air
expired air) / ORA;
3 inspired air is (normally) colder (than expired
air) / ORA;
4 inspired air is (normally) drier (than expired air) /
ORA;
treat unqualified responses as ref to
inspired air
I – refs. to dust, pollen,
microorganisms, other gases
Any three – 1 mark each [3]

(b) large surface area; A – refs. to counter current action

thin wall / OWTTE; A – moist / wet surface
rich blood supply / OWTTE;

Any three – 1 mark each [3]

[Total: 6]

1
Question E Answers Marks Additional Guidance

2 (a lowered / flattened / AW ;
increases / AW ;
decreases / AW ;
higher / greater / more ;
into / inside;
alveoli ; 6

(b) (A / goblet cell) secretes / produces, mucus ;

sticky ;
collects / traps, particles (in the air) ;

cilia, move / beat / waft; ignore hairs

mucus moves / removes, away from alveoli / out of
trachea / towards larynx / towards mouth / AW ; direction needed
max 4
[Total: 10]

2
3 (a) CAN AWARD ROLE WITHOUT CORRECT NAME
CAN ACCEPT RIB CAGE IN B AND V.V.

part name role in breathing in

ribs; prevent collapse of thoracic cavity or lungs AW (as a

A A rib cage result of pressure changes) AW/
ref. to attachment of muscles/
move up to + increase volume/decrease pressure;
R space

contracts + to move ribcage up or out/to increase

B intercostal muscle; volume of chest cavity or lungs AW/decrease
pressure;
R refs to internal intercostals

C diaphragm ; contracts/moves downwards + to increase volume of

chest cavity AW/decrease pressure ; R ref. to
‘space’

max. [6]

(b)(i)
• ref. to cilia + beat/move AW; R refs to hairs R cilia trap germs
• to move dust/mucus + up or out (of bronchus);
• ref. to secretion/production + of mucus;
• ref. to sticky nature AW;
• to trap + dust/bacteria; (linked to mucus) max. [4]

(ii) NO MARK FOR AFFECT WITHOUT CORRECT NAMED SUBSTANCE

1 MARK FOR THE SUBSTANCE, 1 MARK FOR EFFECT
R carbon monoxide
• nicotine;
• cilia + become paralysed/stop working AW ; R killed
• cilia unable to remove mucus from + bronchi/airways AW;
• cell lining AW can be infected by trapped microbes;

• tar;
• ref. to cells become cancerous AW;
• increased production of mucus;
• cilia + become paralysed/stop working AW; R killed

• carbon particles;
• increased production of mucus; max. [2]

Total: [12]

3
Question Answer Mark Guidance

4 (a) function letter name

structure that makes A larynx
sounds
bone that provides E rib ;
protection for the
lungs
airway that allows J bronchus ;
passage of air only
into the right lung
airway that allows B trachea ;
passage of air into
both lungs
contracts to increase F/G (F) diaphragm /
the volume of the (G) external
thorax intercostal
muscle ;
muscle that contracts K internal
to lower the ribcage intercostal
muscles ;
site of gas exchange M alveoli ; [6]

(b) keeps, airways / trachea / bronchi, open ; I protection

allows (free flow of) air into (the lungs) ;
allows flexibility / can breathe even when, bent / swallowing / AW ;
AVP ; [max 2]

(c) (i) (aerobic) respiration ; [1] R anaerobic respiration

(ii) rate (of breathing) increases ; R it increase

[1] A it’s faster / deeper

4
Question Answer Mark

(iii) stimulus (is CO2) ; A acidic / pH, of blood decreases ;

(CO2 / pH) detected by the brain ;
by a receptor ;
ref to (named) neurone in context ;
brain sends impulses to, (intercostal) muscles / diaphragm / effectors ;
(intercostal) muscles / diaphragm / effectors, contract more (frequently) ;
negative feedback / homeostasis ;
reflex / automatic / involuntary ; [max 3]

[Total: 13]

5
5 (c) (i) 4; [1]

(ii) 0.5 dm3/500 cm3; [1]

(iii) 4 (breaths) x 500 (cm3) x 4 (quarter minutes);

8 dm3/8000 cm3; [2]

(iv) single breaths occupy a shorter time;

breaths have greater amplitude; [2]

6
6 (a) (i) oxygen/dust/particles; [1] A – pollen A – formula for oxygen
I – ref to bacteria
(ii) carbon dioxide; A – formulae for carbon dioxide and water
water (vapour); [2] A – in either order
I – ref to bacteria

(iii) lower; [1] A – cooler/colder

(b) mix air with/bubble through lime water; A – hydrogencarbonate/bicarbonate indicator

which goes cloudy/white/milky; [2] A – goes yellow/golden/orange

(c) 1 (diffusion is) random movement;

2 of particles/molecules/ions; A – gases
3 from their high concentration to their lower concentration/ R – along/across concentration gradient
down concentration gradient;
any two – 1 mark each [2]

[Total: 8]