Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Phân Tích Đồ Thị
Phân Tích Đồ Thị
Phân Tích Đồ Thị
Bài 2 Bài 3
Bài 4 bài 5
Part 2: The bar graph below shows the number of men and women studying fine art at Campuchia university.
Summarize the information in the graph by selecting and report the main features. Make comparisons where
relevant. You should write at least 150-200 words.
The graph shows the number of students studying Biểu đồ thể hiện số lượng sinh viên học mỹ thuật
fine art in the years 2000, 2010 and 2020. It’s clear trong các năm 2000, 2010 và 2020. Rõ ràng là số
that the number of men is higher than the women one nam nhiều hơn nữ qua các thời kỳ. Mặc dù số lượng
all over time. Even though the number of men nam giới có giảm qua từng năm nhưng đến năm 2000
decreased in each of year, in 2000 it was 1600 là 1600 người. Năm 2010 chỉ còn 1500 người và năm
people. In 2010, it’s only 1500 people and in 2020, it 2020 giảm còn 1400 người. Chúng ta có thể thấy nó
got down 1400 people. We can see it decreased giảm đều đặn 100 người mỗi mười năm. Trong khi
steadily 100 people each ten years. In while, the đó, số lượng phụ nữ ngày càng cao với số lượng ổn
number of women was getting higher with the steady định. năm 2000 mới là 300 thì đến năm 2010 đã là
numbers. in 2000, it's only 300, but in 2010 it's was 500, riêng năm 2020 đã lên tới 700 người. Xu hướng
500, especially in 2020 number reached 700 people. tăng nữ diễn ra mạnh mẽ, đến năm 2020 số nữ bằng
The trending of rising the women is so strong, until 50% số nam. Tóm lại, phụ nữ ngày càng quan tâm
2020 the number of women equal to 50% of the đến việc nghiên cứu mỹ thuật.
number of men. In conclude, the women are more
and more interested in studying the fine art.
Part 3: The pie charts below show the comparison of different kinds of energy production of France in two
years. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant. You should write at least 200 words.
The pie charts show the comparison of Biểu đồ hình tròn thể hiện sự so sánh các loại năng
different kinds of energy production of France in two lượng sản xuất của Pháp trong hai năm 2010 và
years 2010 and 2020. For ten years, we have seen so 2020. Mười năm nay chúng ta thấy rõ gas và Petro
clearly that gas and Petro aren’t different from 2010 to không khác nhau từ 2010 đến 2020, Petro chiếm
2020, Petro got 28%, gas got 29%. The change we can 28%, gas chiếm 29%. Thay đổi mà chúng ta có thể
talk about is coal reduced from 31% to 21%, nói đến là than giảm từ 31% xuống 21%, xấp xỉ
approximately 10%. In contrast to coal, electricity and 10%. Ngược lại với giá than, giá điện và các mặt
others all increased. Specifically, electricity increased hàng khác đều tăng. Cụ thể, điện tăng từ 7,2% lên
from 7.2% to 17.1% while other types raised slowly 17,1% trong khi các loại khác tăng chậm quanh mức
around 0.1%. So in my point of view some kind of 0,1%. Vì vậy, theo quan điểm của tôi, một số loại
energies like electricity will produce much more than năng lượng như điện sẽ tạo ra nhiều năng lượng hơn
the old energy (coal, gas, …), it will be the main nhiều so với năng lượng cũ (than, khí đốt,…), nó sẽ
sources of renewable every in the future. là nguồn năng lượng tái tạo chính trong tương lai.
Part 4: The below line graph shows figures for unemployment in the UK workforce between May 2003 and
July 2006. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant. You should write at least 200 words.
The line graph below displays the figures for Biểu đồ đường bên dưới hiển thị các số liệu về tỷ lệ
unemployment in the UK workforce between May thất nghiệp trong lực lượng lao động ở Vương quốc
2003 and July 2006. At the start of the survey in Anh từ tháng 5 năm 2003 đến tháng 7 năm 2006. Khi
May 2003, the unemployment rate was at a high of bắt đầu cuộc khảo sát vào tháng 5 năm 2003, tỷ lệ thất
5.1%. After this, it rose slightly to 5.2% by July. nghiệp ở mức cao 5,1%. Sau đó, nó tăng nhẹ lên 5,2%
For the next two months, the rate remained steady. vào tháng Bảy. Trong hai tháng tiếp theo, tỷ lệ vẫn ổn
However, from September 2003 to September định. Tuy nhiên, từ tháng 9 năm 2003 đến tháng 9 năm
2005, the unemployment rate began to decline 2005, tỷ lệ thất nghiệp bắt đầu giảm đáng kể. Cuối
significantly. It eventually dropped below of 4.8% cùng nó giảm xuống dưới 4,8% vào tháng 6 năm 2004
in June 2004 and stable to March 2005. Although it và ổn định đến tháng 3 năm 2005. Mặc dù biến động
small volatility in May 2004 but in November 2004 nhỏ trong tháng 5 năm 2004 nhưng đến tháng 11 năm
the graph continued to increase and showed no sign 2004 đồ thị vẫn tiếp tục tăng và không có dấu hiệu
of stopping. Looking at the graph, we can easily see dừng lại. Nhìn vào biểu đồ, chúng ta dễ dàng nhận thấy
that unemployment is a widespread and difficult to thất nghiệp đang là vấn đề phổ biến và khó kiểm soát
control problem in the UKIn the UK, tại Vương quốc Anh Tại Vương quốc Anh, thất nghiệp
unemployment is a complex issue which is là một vấn đề phức tạp, chịu tác động của nhiều yếu tố,
influenced by a range of factors, including bao gồm dân số, chính sách kinh tế và xã hội.
population, economic and social policies.
Part 5: The table below gives information about some of the world’s most studied languages.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
The table below gives information about Bảng dưới đây cung cấp thông tin về một số ngôn
some of the world’s most studied languages. English ngữ được nghiên cứu nhiều nhất trên thế giới. Tiếng
is the most studied language in the world, with 1.5 Anh là ngôn ngữ được học nhiều nhất trên thế giới,
billion people learning it and 527 million native với 1,5 tỷ người học nó và 527 triệu người bản ngữ.
speakers. The language is used in 101 countries and Ngôn ngữ này được sử dụng ở 101 quốc gia và được
is considered the second language in places such as coi là ngôn ngữ thứ hai ở những nơi như Philippines
the Philippines and India. French is the second most và Ấn Độ. Tiếng Pháp là ngôn ngữ được học nhiều
studied language, with 82 million learners, much thứ hai, với 82 triệu người học, nhiều hơn nhiều so
more than those studying Chinese (30 million) and với những người học tiếng Trung Quốc (30 triệu) và
Japanese (23 million). Chinese is still widely spoken, tiếng Nhật (23 triệu). Tuy nhiên, tiếng Trung vẫn
however, as it is the native language of 1.39 billion được sử dụng rộng rãi vì đây là ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ của
people. Spanish follows with 389 million native 1,39 tỷ người. Tiếng Tây Ban Nha theo sau với 389
speakers and Italian and Japanese have the least, with triệu người bản ngữ và tiếng Ý và tiếng Nhật có ít
8 million and 3 million learners, respectively. These nhất, lần lượt là 8 triệu và 3 triệu người học. Những
statistics show the importance of language as a thống kê này cho thấy tầm quan trọng của ngôn ngữ
communication tool and the need to learn more than như một công cụ giao tiếp và nhu cầu học nhiều hơn
just one's own mother tongue in order to connect ngoài tiếng mẹ đẻ của chính mình để kết nối với mọi
with people from other parts of the world. người từ các nơi khác trên thế giới.
It’s clear that: However: Tuy nhiên Again: Lần nữa Specifically: General…Nói Firstly,
Rõ ràng là On the contrary: trái In addition: thêm nữa Đặc biệt chung Secondly
lại Not only… but also…: Conclusion…Kết Thirdly
we can easily Nevertheless: tuy không chỉ… mà còn lại Forth
see…: có thể nhiên more over: hơn nữa ……
dễ dàng thấy While/Whereas: trong and: Và Finally: cuối
được khi đó Similarly: tương tự cùng
On the other hand: mặt
khác
By contrast/ In
contrast: Ngược lại
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Surname, first name: DINH LE THAO NHI
Sex: Female
Address: No 78, Tu Do Street, Truong Dinh Ward, Hai Ba Trung
District, Ha Noi.
Telephone: +84931602283
Date of birth: 12.08.2002
Place of birth: Gia Lai, Viet Nam
Email: nhi.dlt206678@sis.hust.edu.vn
(thời gian gần hơn đưa lên đầu)
Education:
2020 – present: Studying at Ha Noi University of Science and Technology, majoring in technical
physics.
2017 – 2020: Studied at Tran Phu high school.
2013 – 2016: Studied at Nguyen Viet Xuan secondary school.
2008 – 2012: Studied at Le Hong Phong primary school.
Experience: (Cấu trúc: Tên chức vụ Thời gian Địa điểm Miêu tả công việc)
[Your Name]
[Your Address]
[City, ZIP Code]
[Email Address]
[Phone Number]
[Date]
Dr. Janine Splettstoesser
Applied Quantum Physics Lab
Chalmers University of Technology
Göteborg, Sweden
Dear Dr. Splettstoesser,
I am writing to express my interest in the PhD position within the "Dynamics and
Thermodynamics of nanoscale devices" group at the Department for Microtechnology and
Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology. I am particularly drawn to your research on
the thermodynamics of energy conversion in nanoscale devices, focusing on
nonthermal/nonequilibrium resources, fluctuations and precision of energy conversion, or the
impact of quantum effects.
I hold a Bachelor's degree in Physics from [Your University], where I graduated with honors.
My academic background includes extensive coursework in quantum mechanics, statistical
mechanics, and thermodynamics. I have research experience in [briefly describe any relevant
research project], which has deepened my interest in quantum thermodynamics and its
applications.
I have a strong foundation in the theory of quantum thermodynamics, quantum optics, and
quantum transport theory. My previous projects involved modeling and simulation of quantum
systems, enhancing my analytical skills. I am particularly interested in exploring how quantum
effects can improve energy conversion efficiency and precision.
I am self-motivated and thrive in collaborative environments. My verbal and written
communication skills in English are strong, as demonstrated through [any relevant
experiences]. I am confident that my background and enthusiasm make me a strong candidate
for this position.
Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to discussing my candidacy further.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
3/ The following chart displays the monthly average weather conditions of Hanoi, Vietnam. It
shows average monthly temperature and monthly precipitation. Summarize the information
in the chart by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 200 words.
The chart displays the monthly average weather conditions in Hanoi, Vietnam, illustrating both
average monthly temperature (in °C) and monthly precipitation (in mm) throughout the year.
The average monthly temperature in Hanoi shows a clear seasonal pattern. Starting at
approximately 17°C in January, the temperature gradually increases, peaking at around 29-
30°C from June to August. Post August, the temperature starts to decline, dropping back to
around 17-18°C by December.
Precipitation, on the other hand, exhibits significant variation throughout the year. The driest
months are December, January, and February, with precipitation levels below 50 mm. From
March, the rainfall begins to increase, with a sharp rise in May. The highest levels of
precipitation are observed during the summer months, with peaks in July and August, where
the precipitation reaches around 300 mm. After August, the precipitation gradually decreases,
falling significantly by October and continuing to decline towards the end of the year.
Comparing the two variables, it's evident that the highest temperatures coincide with the
period of maximum rainfall, indicating a hot and wet summer. Conversely, the cooler months
correspond to lower precipitation levels, marking a drier winter period.
In summary, Hanoi experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The
summer months (June to August) are characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall,
while the winter months (December to February) are cooler and drier.
4) Read the abstract of the following research paper and identify the research question,
method, results, and conclusions.
Simulation of the three-dimensional motion of a cricket ball using a volumetric contact model
5) Summarize the information in the chart by selecting and reporting the main features.
Make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 200 words.
The chart illustrates the labor force participation rate and labor underutilization rate across
different age groups.
Labor Force Participation:
The labor force participation rate is relatively low at 3.4% for the 15-19 age group. It increases
significantly to 11.8% for the 20-24 age group, peaking at 15.6% for the 25-29 age group. After
peaking, the rate slightly declines to 15.2% for the 30-34 age group and then gradually
decreases across older age groups. For ages 35-39, the rate is 14%, and it continues to drop
steadily, reaching 7.2% for the 55-59 age group. It further decreases to 4.5% for the 60-64
age group and stabilizes at 4.4% for those aged 65 and above.
Labor Underutilization:
The labor underutilization rate starts at 8.2% for the 15-19 age group. It rises to 15.6% for the
20-24 age group, which is the highest rate among all age groups. It then declines to 13.6% for
the 25-29 age group and continues to drop steadily across older age groups. For ages 30-34,
the rate is 11.8%, and it decreases to 9.9% for the 35-39 age group. The rate continues to fall
to 8.5% for the 40-44 age group, 7.5% for the 45-49 age group, and 4.8% for the 55-59 age
group. Finally, the rate decreases to 2.7% for the 60-64 age group and reaches the lowest
point of 1.9% for those aged 65 and above.
Comparison:
Both rates increase from the youngest age group, peak in early adulthood, then decline.
Highest participation in 25-29 age group; highest underutilization in 20-24 age group. Decline
in participation is more gradual than in underutilization. Older groups (60+) show low
participation and underutilization rates.
In summary, labor force participation and underutilization are highest in early adulthood and
decrease with age, with notable peaks and declines at different life stages.
Abstract 1
In this paper, we have shown that parabolic motion from a critical launch angle has an
unexpected property related to the distance between the object and the launcher.
**Research Question:**
What unusual property occurs in the distance between a launched object and the launcher
during parabolic motion at a critical launch angle?
**Method:**
The study examines parabolic motion from the ground at angles greater than approximately
70.53 degrees (cos(h_c) = 1/3), using dimensionless coordinates and polar variables. It
excludes air friction and variations in gravity.
**Results:**
The distance between the object and the launcher decreases during a specific interval,
between the moments of maximum and minimum distance.
**Conclusions:**
Parabolic motion at critical angles shows an unexpected decrease in distance between the
object and the launcher, providing a useful teaching approach for first-year STEM students
and educators.
Abstract 2
The problem of the motion of a point mass in a medium with drag (the fundamental problem
of external ballistics) has been considered in many papers [l-9], beginning with Euler’s [l],
which developed a method of investigation, that later became known as Euler’s method.
**Research Question:**
How can the motion of a point mass in a medium with drag be accurately analyzed using a
new analytical method that avoids constraints on drag values?
**Method:**
The paper reviews historical methods like Euler's and others, then proposes a simpler, more
accurate analytical solution method.
**Results:**
The new method offers straightforward formulas for calculating time, coordinates, and
trajectory parameters with high precision, applicable across various drag conditions.
**Conclusions:**
The proposed analytical solution surpasses previous approaches by being simpler, more
accurate, and not restricted by assumptions about drag's magnitude.
Abstract 3
The classical phenomenon of motion of a projectile fired (thrown) into the horizon through
resistive air charging a quadratic drag onto the object is revisited in this paper.
**Research Question:**
How can elegant analytical approximations be derived to accurately predict key engineering
features of a projectile's motion through resistive air with quadratic drag?
**Method:**
The paper revisits the problem of projectile motion with quadratic drag and derives new
analytical explicit expressions. These expressions aim to predict the maximum height, arrival
time, and flight range of the projectile accurately.
**Results:**
The derived formulas accurately predict the maximum height, arrival time, and flight range of
the projectile. These formulas are significant because they are not restricted by the initial
speed, firing angle, or drag coefficient of the medium.
**Conclusions:**
The proposed analytical approximations allow for high-precision predictions of projectile
motion without the need for numerical simulations, complementing existing approximations in
the literature and providing a more complete understanding of the projectile's trajectory.
Abstract 4
In this paper, the problem of the motion of a projectile thrown at an angle to the horizon is
studied. With zero air drag force, the analytic solution is well known.
**Research Question:**
How can the motion of a projectile thrown at an angle in a medium with quadratic air resistance
be accurately described using simple and approximate analytical formulas?
**Method:**
The study focuses on deriving simple approximate analytical formulas for projectile motion
under quadratic air resistance. These formulas aim to provide a complete analytical
description, including trajectory equations and key parameters like optimum throwing angle
and maximum range.
**Results:**
The derived formulas offer a complete analytical description of projectile motion with quadratic
air resistance. They include six basic functional dependencies and eight basic parameters of
motion, providing high accuracy with a relative error of about 1-2%.
**Conclusions:**
The proposed analytical solution is simple, easy to use, and highly accurate. It allows for
analytical investigation of projectile motion in a resistive medium similarly to the case of no
drag. The formulas are particularly useful for applied problems and qualitative analysis,
exemplified by the motion of a baseball.
Abstract 5
Though a qualitative understanding of how spin affects a ball’s trajectory can
be easily developed, a quantitative one is relatively difficult to hone.
**Research Question:**
How does spin affect the trajectory of a volleyball, and how accurate are models incorporating
drag and the Magnus effect in predicting this behavior?
**Method:**
The study uses a volleyball and video modeling software to compare the motion of a non-
spinning ball with one that has topspin. The analysis assesses the accuracy of various models
that include drag and the Magnus effect.
**Results:**
The abstract does not explicitly state the results, but it implies that the study compares the
behaviors of spinning and non-spinning volleyballs and evaluates the accuracy of the models
used.
**Conclusions:**
The abstract does not provide specific conclusions, but it suggests that the study aims to
quantitatively understand the impact of spin on a ball's trajectory and the effectiveness of
different models that incorporate drag and the Magnus effect.
Abstract 6
We solved the wind-influenced projectile motion problem with the same initial and final heights
and obtained exact analytical expressions for the shape of the trajectory, range, maximum
height, time of flight, time of ascent, and time of descent with the help of the Lambert W
**Research Question:**
How does wind influence the motion of a projectile, and what are the exact analytical
expressions for key parameters such as trajectory shape, range, maximum height, and times
of flight, ascent, and descent?
**Method:**
The study solves the wind-influenced projectile motion problem using exact analytical
expressions derived with the help of the Lambert W function. It explores the trajectory shape,
range, maximum height, time of flight, time of ascent, and time of descent.
**Results:**
- The range and maximum horizontal displacement are not always equal.
- A critical launch angle results in the projectile returning to its starting position.
- A 90° launch angle maximizes time of flight, time of ascent, time of descent, and maximum
height.
- The launch angle for maximum range is determined by solving a transcendental equation.
- The locus of points corresponding to maximum heights is expressed in a parametric
equation.
- The study estimates the effect of moderate wind on a golf ball's range and suggests other
applications.
**Conclusions:**
The analytical expressions derived provide a comprehensive understanding of wind-
influenced projectile motion. The findings have practical applications, such as estimating the
impact of wind on a golf ball's range and potentially other scenarios.
Abstract 7
New technologies are called upon to play an important role as beneficial tools for meaningful
learning in the classroom.
**Research Question:**
Are smartphones suitable tools for demonstrating Classical Mechanics in educational
settings?
**Method:**
The study used smartphones in classroom experiments on projectile motion with students
aged 16 to 19, utilizing a burst camera app and open-source tools for data processing.
**Results:**
The experiments estimated gravity's acceleration with an error under 2%. Students found the
method satisfactory and encountered no major difficulties.
**Conclusions:**
Smartphones are effective and efficient for teaching Classical Mechanics, providing accurate
results and high student satisfaction.
Abstract 8
During a football game the ball is airborne a large percentage of the time. For this reason it is
important to understand to principles that govern the motion of the ball in flight
**Research Purpose:**
To understand the principles governing the motion of a football in flight during a game.
**Method:**
The study explores various equations related to the football's flight, using numerical
techniques to solve and graphically represent these equations. The parameters in the model
are manipulated to compare the graphs with real-life results.
**Results:**
The paper provides graphical representations of the football's motion by solving the equations
numerically and demonstrates how varying parameters affect the motion, showing agreement
with real-life observations.
**Conclusions:**
The study concludes that the numerical techniques and manipulated parameters accurately
model the motion of a football in flight, aligning well with real-life behavior.
Abstract 9
A Model was developed using JAVA Programming Language; this package simulates the
motions of projectiles in air with air resistivity put into considerations or air resistance being
ignored.
**Research Purpose:**
To develop a model that simulates the motion of projectiles in air, considering air resistance or
ignoring it, using JAVA programming language.
**Research Method:**
A JAVA-based simulation model was created to represent the trajectory of projectiles,
incorporating equations that account for air resistance as a linear function of velocity. The
model includes 3D visualizations with arrows indicating wind direction.
**Research Results:**
The developed model can simulate the motion of projectiles with or without air resistance on
a computer system, providing a realistic representation of real-life projectile motion.
**Research Conclusions:**
The model is an effective tool for teaching kinematics in tertiary institutions, aiding in the
understanding of projectile motion by allowing the simulation of various real-life scenarios.
Abstract 10
This paper aims to simulate and study the projectile motion in a vacuum and air medium and
compare them by using the Python program.
**Research Purpose:**
To simulate and compare projectile motion in a vacuum and in an air medium using Python
programming.
**Research Method:**
The study uses Python to simulate the trajectories of projectiles, considering both scenarios:
without air resistance (vacuum) and with air resistance (air medium). The simulations account
for the effects of gravity and air drag on the projectile's motion.
**Research Results:**
The simulations show that the trajectory of a projectile in the presence of air resistance
deviates from a perfect parabolic path, forming a ballistic curve instead. The range of the
projectile is greater in the absence of air drag than in its presence.
**Research Conclusions:**
The Python-based simulations effectively demonstrate that air resistance significantly affects
the projectile's trajectory, reducing its range compared to motion in a vacuum. This study
highlights Python as a modern and scientific tool for analyzing and calculating variables in
projectile motion simulations.
11/ In this research paper a model of the solar system for computing the orbits of all 8 planets
true to its astronomical value and scale using python programming language is developed.
**Research Purpose:**
To develop a Python-based model of the solar system for accurate orbit computation and
eclipse prediction.
**Research Method:**
Using Python with Pygame and Matplotlib for visualization, and applying iteration to update
planetary positions. The model predicts eclipses from 2001 to 2100, validated by Kepler’s
Laws.
**Research Results:**
The model accurately simulates planetary orbits and predicts solar and lunar eclipses within
the specified range.
**Research Conclusions:**
The Python model effectively simulates the solar system and eclipse predictions,
demonstrating high accuracy and validity.
12/ The projectile motion is examined by means of the fractional calculus. The fractional
differential equations of the projectile motion are introduced by generalizing Newton’s second
law and Caputo’s fractional derivative is considered to use the physical initial conditions.
**Research Purpose:**
To examine projectile motion using fractional calculus and compare it with classical calculus
and experimental data.
**Research Method:**
The study uses fractional differential equations based on Newton’s second law and Caputo’s
fractional derivative, analyzing both non-resistant and resistant media. It compares trajectories
graphically and with experimental data.
**Research Results:**
- Fractional calculus matches classical results for range and height under certain conditions
without air resistance.
- The optimal launch angle varies with the fractional derivative order α
- In a resistant medium, fractional results converge to classical results as α approaches 2.
- Trajectories align well with classical predictions and experimental data.
**Research Conclusions:**
Fractional calculus accurately models projectile motion, consistent with classical results and
experimental data.
13/ This research aims to analyze the influence of qualitative teaching and quantitative pursuit
on understanding the concept of motion Newton Student of Science Education Study Program
of FMIPA UNM.
**Research Purpose:**
To analyze the influence of qualitative and quantitative teaching on students' understanding of
Newton's motion concepts in a science education program.
**Research Method:**
A mixed-method approach with an embedded experimental model was used. The study
involved 100 students divided into two groups of 50. Data collection techniques included
interviews and tests, analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively.
**Research Results:**
1. **Group A (Qualitative Teaching):**
- Pre-test: 60% Aristotelian, 30% Impetus, 10% Newton.
- Post-test: 2% Aristotelian, 8% Impetus, 90% Newton.
2. **Group B (Quantitative Teaching):**
- Pre-test: 70% Aristotelian, 20% Impetus, 10% Newton.
- Post-test: 10% Aristotelian, 70% Impetus, 20% Newton.
3. High student activity levels during learning.
4. Significant difference in understanding Newton's motion concepts between qualitative and
quantitative teaching methods.
**Research Conclusions:**
Qualitative teaching improves students' understanding of Newton's motion concepts more
effectively than quantitative teaching. Strict mathematical formulations do not enhance
qualitative comprehension, as students focus more on solving numerical problems than
understanding the physical concepts qualitatively.
14/ To study the landing point of the curved football track, the dynamic differential equations
of the football were derived in this paper.
**Research Purpose:**
To study the landing point of a curved football trajectory by deriving dynamic differential
equations.
**Research Method:**
Dynamic differential equations for football motion were derived, considering air resistance and
a non-vertical rotation axis. Numerical methods were used to solve these equations for three
different initial angular velocities, providing a detailed numerical analysis.
**Research Results:**
The study found significant differences in football trajectories based on different initial angular
velocities:
- No rotation (Ω0=0): The trajectory is a typical projectile path.
- Omega_0 = 2 - 2 + 16 rad/s: The trajectory is a typical banana ball curve.
- Omega_0 = 13 + 0 + 0 rad/s: The trajectory exhibits left-right fluttering, similar to a fallen leaf
ball.
**Research Conclusions:**
The initial angular velocity of a football significantly affects its trajectory, resulting in different
movement patterns such as typical projectile, banana ball, and fluttering leaf ball trajectories.
15/ Collisions between two objects can be analyzed using the concept of the law of momentum
conservation.
**Research Purpose:**
To analyze the velocity and height after a collision between a bullet and a ball using the law of
momentum conservation and Newton's second law under friction conditions.
**Research Method:**
Theoretical analysis using analytical and numerical methods was performed. The study
considered air friction coefficients with variations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 N.s/m. The bullet
used was a 9 mm caliber with an initial velocity of 380 m/s. The masses of the bullet and ball
were 0.008 kg and 0.3 kg, respectively.
**Research Results:**
The study found that increasing the air friction coefficient led to lower velocities and heights
achieved by both the bullet and the ball. Additionally, increasing the discretization value made
numerical calculations more consistent with analytical results.
**Research Conclusions:**
Higher air friction coefficients reduce the post-collision velocity and height of the bullet and
ball. Numerical calculations align with analytical results when discretization values are
increased.
16/ Misconceptions are beliefs that contradict accepted scientific knowledge but they are
seemingly supported by commonsense arguments.
**Research Purpose:**
To identify and propose methods for eliminating misconceptions in physics education.
**Research Method:**
Testing students for misconceptions in physics and analyzing the structure of their knowledge.
Identifying basic rules to guide the prevention or elimination of misconceptions.
**Research Results:**
The study found that misconceptions are related to the structure of students' knowledge. Four
basic rules were identified as effective tools for eliminating misconceptions:
1. Completeness of information.
2. Knowledge of closely related ideas.
3. Existence of entire trains of thought.
4. Thorough knowledge of basic principles.
**Research Conclusions:**
Misconceptions in physics can be reduced by ensuring students have complete information,
understand related concepts, develop entire trains of thought, and thoroughly know basic
principles. A distinct guidance based on these rules is proposed for preventing or eliminating
misconceptions.
17/ This paper describes an interactive learning tool created with Excel spreadsheets to
simulate the projectile motion in the gravitational field taking into account air resistance.
**Research Purpose:**
To create and describe an interactive learning tool using Excel spreadsheets that simulates
projectile motion in a gravitational field, accounting for air resistance, to enhance the
understanding of physics concepts.
**Research Method:**
Development of an Excel-based tool that simulates projectile motion, allowing for both
analytical and graphical comparisons between motion in a vacuum and motion in air. The tool
provides visualizations of trajectories, maximum heights, horizontal distances, and velocity
graphs.
**Research Results:**
- The tool can simulate projectile motion with and without air resistance.
- Graphical representations include trajectories in vacuum and air, safety parabola, ellipse of
maximum height points, and vertical asymptote for air resistance.
- The tool highlights differences in maximum height and horizontal distance for both types of
motion.
- Approximate methods for determining flight time and maximum horizontal range in air are
provided.
- Comparative graphs of velocities and displacements over time are included.
**Research Conclusions:**
The Excel-based interactive tool effectively aids in understanding the influence of various
parameters on projectile motion. It serves as an attractive and motivating educational resource
for students, helping clarify concepts such as terminal velocity and trajectory asymptotes
through rapid graphical feedback.
18/ A popular activity amongst young children is the use of mobile devices and apps. Yet, their
impact on learning and development is rather underexplored.
**Research Purpose:**
To examine the learning effects of touch screen mobile game applications, specifically "Angry
Birds," on preschoolers' understanding of projectile motion.
**Research Method:**
A comparative study involving 32 preschoolers, divided into two groups (4 and 5 years old),
was conducted to assess their game skills and understanding of projectile motion.
**Research Results:**
The study revealed significant differences between the two age groups in terms of game skills
and understanding of projectile motion.
**Research Conclusions:**
The findings suggest that mobile game applications can influence young children's
understanding of scientific concepts like projectile motion. The paper discusses implications
for educational stakeholders, parents, and app designers, and suggests directions for future
research.
19/ Many students find it difficult to apply certain physics concepts to their daily lives. This is
especially true when they perceive a principle taught in physics class as being in conflict with
their experience.
**Research Purpose:**
To help students reconcile everyday experiences with physics principles by addressing the
disconnect caused when air resistance is ignored in kinematics problems.
**Research Method:**
Developing a graphical tool based on numerical simulations of balls falling under gravity and
air resistance. The tool uses a graph plotting cross-sectional area versus mass to illustrate the
effects of air resistance at different drop heights.
**Research Results:**
The study shows how cross-sectional area and mass influence the impact of air resistance on
falling objects. The graphical tool effectively summarizes these relationships from numerical
simulations.
**Research Conclusions:**
By clarifying when it's appropriate to ignore air resistance in physics problems, the graphical
tool enhances students' understanding and application of physics principles related to free fall.
This approach bridges the gap between classroom teachings and everyday experiences,
improving student comprehension.
19/ Standard university or high-school physics teaching material on projectile motion is usually
based on Newton’s second law in vacuum, neglecting aerodynamics.
**Research Purpose:**
To develop a low-cost experiment using cell phones and sports equipment for teaching
projectile motion, focusing on the impact of aerodynamics often omitted in traditional physics
teaching.
**Research Method:**
The study uses shot puts and table tennis balls to compare theoretical predictions (vacuum
conditions) with experimental data. Numerical simulations incorporate aerodynamic drag and
Magnus force for balls with spin. Bounce experiments with spinning balls apply impulse-
momentum theorems and coefficients of restitution.
**Research Results:**
1. Vacuum-based theoretical predictions match shot put trajectories within centimeters.
2. Table tennis balls show significantly shorter trajectories than vacuum predictions due to
aerodynamic drag.
3. Numerical simulations with aerodynamic factors improve predictions across various balls.
4. Accurate modeling of curveball trajectories with spin, including normal and inverse Magnus
effects.
5. Bounce experiments align closely with experimental data.
**Research Conclusions:**
Incorporating aerodynamics into projectile motion education enhances understanding.
Integrating practical experiments and simulations aids in applying physics concepts effectively,
bridging theory with real-world applications.
20/ A mechanical field-goal kicking machine was used to investigate toppling ball flight in
American football place-kicking, eliminating a number of uncontrollable impact variables
present with a human kicker.
**Research Purpose:**
To analyze the flight characteristics of footballs during place-kicking in American football using
a mechanical kicking machine, focusing on drag forces and impact variables.
**Research Method:**
Utilized a mechanical kicker to ensure consistent impact conditions. Trajectories were tracked
using a triangulation-based system. Kinematic equations for projectile motion with stagnant
air drag were applied and compared to drag-free equations.
**Research Results:**
Measured deviations in football flight range from drag-free equations ranged from 9% to 31%,
indicating significant drag effects. Found a drag coefficient of 0.007 ± 0.003 kg/m. Impact
location 5.5 cm from the ball's bottom maximized trajectory height and distance. Impact angle
variations minimally affected trajectory parameters (launch angle: ±1.96 deg, launch speed:
±1.06 m/s, range: ±0.94 m).
**Research Conclusions:**
Consistent impact location greatly influences football trajectory, with stagnant air drag
significantly altering flight paths. These insights can inform coaching techniques and
equipment design in American football.
21/ Juggling a spinning ball with a ping-pong paddle represents a challenge both in terms of
hand-eye coordination and physics concepts.
**Research Purpose:**
Investigate the motion of a ping-pong ball juggled with a paddle, focusing on how paddle angle
affects ball spin and speed during vertical motion. Engage students with physics concepts like
momentum, angular momentum, and friction.
**Research Method:**
Utilize high-speed video motion tracking to analyze ball trajectory and spin. Study frictional
properties of the paddle. Conduct experiments suitable for high school and college labs using
affordable equipment.
**Research Results:**
Findings show how varying paddle angles impact ping-pong ball spin and speed during vertical
juggling. Explore friction's role in controlling ball movement on the paddle's surface.
**Research Conclusions:**
Conclude that juggling a spinning ball with a paddle offers an effective, hands-on approach to
teaching physics concepts. Enhance student understanding of motion, momentum, and
friction through practical experimentation.