Hydraulic Governor:

Fly weight equipped governors work on centrifugal force. The centrifugal force acts upwards and
the spring force acts downwards. This difference between the spring and the fly weights is called
the governor effect, which is responsible for moving the pilot valve and hence the fuel rack through
servo-piston. Higher the governor effect, higher the sensitivity of the governor. Therefore, to
increase the sensitivity of the governor the centrifugal force has to be increased.

If for any reason ME rpm increased with the same fuel rake setting, the lightweight will go apart
compressing the spring, hence the pilot v/v will move upward, allowing the oil to drain out from
the servo-piston which will act to reduce the fuel, so that the former rpm is restored.

If for any reason ME rpm decreased with the same fuel rake setting, the lightweight will move in
decompressing the spring, hence the pilot v/v will move downward, allowing the hydraulic oil to
go to the servo chamber which will act to increase the fuel, so that the former rpm is restored.

Why Load sensing incorporated?

The load sensing unit is included in the governor to correct the fuel supply to the
prime mover before a speed change occurs. The speed of response of the load sensing element
must be better than that of the speed sensing element which would be used to correct small errors
of fuel rack position.