ENDOCRINE GLANDS

GLAND LOCATION HORMONE FUNCTION DISORDER

Pituitary Attached Secretes Growth Deficiency of Pituitary gland is also known
Gland to the many hormone – growth as ‘master gland’ as many of
base of hormones. Eg: controls the hormone the hormones secreted by it
the brain growth of the leads to control the functioning of
1.Growth human body Dwarfism. other endocrine glands such
Hormone as testes, ovaries, thyroid
TSH - Excess of gland and adrenal gland.
stimulates the growth
2.TSH thyroid gland hormone
(Thyroid to produce makes a
stimulating thyroxine person very
hormone) tall (giant)
Thyroid In the Thyroxine Controls the Deficiency Thyroid gland needs a
Gland neck rate of leads to constant supply of iodine to
(attached metabolism Goitre produce thyroxine. That is
to the (chemical (symptom – why people are advised to
windpipe) processes swollen neck use iodized salt for cooking
which occur in (big and so as to prevent goitre.
the body to bulging))
maintain life)
Pancreas Below the 1.Insulin Regulates the Deficiency of
stomach 2.Glucagon amount of insulin leads
sugar in blood to diabetes
mellitus (rise
Insulin: lowers in sugar level
the blood in the blood)
sugar level

Glucagon:
Increases the
blood sugar
level

Adrenal Above the 1.Adrenaline Adrenaline : Adrenaline speeds up the

Gland kidneys Prepares the heart beat, increases the
2.Aldosterone body for breathing rate, and raises
emergency blood pressure which
situations like produces a lot of energy in a
danger, fear, very short time.
anger,
excitement etc

Aldosterone:
 maintains the
correct salt
balance in the
blood
Testes ( in Extra- Testosterone 1.Produces male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty
males) abdominal 2. Causes the growth and development of male sex organs at
puberty
Ovary ( in Lower 1.Estrogen Estrogen:
females) abdomen 1. Produces female secondary sexual characteristics at
2. puberty
Progesterone 2. Causes the growth and development of female sex organs
at puberty
3. brings about monthly preparation of uterus for pregnancy
Progesterone prepares the body for pregnancy in the event
that the released egg is fertilized

OTHER ANIMALS
Endocrine Insect Controls metamorphosis in insects (such as silk moth)
gland of Hormone
insects
Thyroid Thyroxine In frogs, metamorphosis is brought about by thyroxine
gland of hormone. The production of thryoxine requires the presence of
frogs iodine in water. If the pond water has insufficient iodine,
tadpoles cannot make enough thyroxine leading to its
deficiency due to which tadpoles cannot undergo
metamorphosis and hence tadpoles cannot become adult
frogs.