Lifting Equipment princip jungkatjungkit

momen besar

↓ dan katrol
I
X

⑳
W Cusaha)
lebihkecil

adalah
Yang divartask an

panjang tall baja

Teleskopik

Mobile crane

SI-4151 Construction Equipment & Methods

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LIFT, DERRICK, HOIST, CRANE - 1
 Function & Characteristics
• To help moving (vertical & horizontal) loads from one
location to another by means of mechanical mechanism

• Operating Characteristics
– Various configuration, capacity, method of operation & utilization
• Working/site condition (area, crane’s base bearing capacity)
Bisa membatasi alat bantu angkat
• Height of lift Klo luas busa pakai mobile carane, dan
• Load radius SeberapaRadius
berat beban
kerja
tergantung jenis pembnagunannya

• Dynamic loads
– Wind Mengayun, krn kena angin

– Swing movement
– Hoisting speed Kecepatan tarik atau ulurnya Hentakan
– Stopping the hoist

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 Mammoth size and capacity
Kemampuan mobilitas mobile crane
lebih tinggi,

capacity up to 800 tons!

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 Heavy lifting Bisa bekerja di struktur yang sedang dilakukan

Naik deck girder

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 Heavy lifting Bisa dilakukan di darat dan perairan

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 Crane Types
CRANE

MOBILE TOWER CRANE

Roda baja Lokasi di satu titik

Fixed-Base
Crawler- Movable Tergantung pada lokasi Memanjat ke atas
(Climbing &
mounted (Limited) untuk menginbangi
Bisa pindah pada Non-Climbing)
Bisa truck juga bawahnya lintasan tertentu di rell objek
Mobile Crane
Telescopic
Rigged with Traveling Hammer Head Flat-Top Luff crane
boom
Vertical Tower Lengannya bisa
Area menonjol
Bisa memanjang dan memendk naik turun
Mobile crane
tapi dipasang Bottom
Lattice boom Top slew Top slew Top slew
dengan towe slew
crnae Lebih effort banyak
Rangka batang Berputar titik2 lokasinya,
cuamn berputar di atas
Rough terrain Top slew
Lebih effort kecil, karena towernyantidak perlu berputar

Heavy lift

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crawler-mounted crane

Hoist cable

Lattice-boom

Tali yang di tarik

Tali baja

Counterweight
Beban melawan
Beton dan
dari baja
seperti slab

Dipasang di atas crawler

Crawler-mounted
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mobile-mounted telescopic crane
Truck mounted

Makin kecil diameternya

Teleskopik, baja longgar, rectangular

telescopic boom

Untuk menambah keseimbangan

Agar stabik

Tanahnya stabil atau tidak menobang beban, makanya diberi

pelat baja atau kayu
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 Tower Crane Mirip palu(hammer head)

A frame, guna narik kabel, kabel menahan beban dari lengan

Kapasitas dihitung berdasarkan beban yang Working jib

bisa diangkut jika dekat dengan poros
Counter jib(counter weight) Troli yang medekati poros putar

Klo flat head tanpa a frmae Semakin jauh lengan

dengan maka momen
semakin besar, bebannya
semakin kecil
Slim

Moving mechanism
1. Install / hook load @ end of hook block
2. Raise hoist rope
3. Turning / swing boom/jib
4. Moving trolley
5. Lower hoist rope
6. Unhook load
7. Raise hoist rope
• etc.
SI-4151 Construction Equipment & Method Hoist harus diangakat agar tidak bertabrakan dengan trolly
LIFT, DERRICK, HOIST, CRANE - 9
 Tower crane

Pendant

Top-slew

Trolley

Operator naik tangga

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 Tower crane
Luffing

Dimanipulasi sudutnya Bisa dipasang cctv

Memanipulasi ketinggian Ciicin yang bisa berputar

cabin

Bottom slew tapi

ketinggiannya
terbatar

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 Tower crane bracing

Diikat ke struktur

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 Tower Crane installation
Installation of jib / boom

Bisa meninggiakan towernya

Installation / extension of tower

Flat top

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 Tower Crane’s Self Raising Mechanism

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 Design of Tower Crane’s Static Based
M0
Design code (UBC - USA)
P0 Footing block must be able to withstand 1.33 ~ 1.5 times of
applied turning moment

When horizontal shear force V is considered

d
W = wb2d
b w = concrete density

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 Top-slew luff crane

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 Other types of derrick & hoists

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 Hoist mechanism
Overhead
Crane

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 Gantry Cranes

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 Crane’s Elements

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balancing mechanism

Ada beam tambahan untuk

membuat stabil

Radius samoaing kanan kiri sama

Radius depan belakang beda

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 stability of mobile crane

Outriggers add to stability by increasing tipping lines and spreading loads

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 Crane’s Quadrant - Balancing Load

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 Crane’s Quadrant - Balancing Load

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 Crane’s Attachments Lifting poin sudah ada

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 Crane’s Hooks, Grabs & Bucket

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SI-4151 Construction Equipment & Method
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 Procedure for determining mobile crane capacity
Makin banyak kabel maka makin berat yang dianggkat

When the load is being lifted from the main boom tip:

1. Determine the weight of load being lifted

2. Determine the weight of slings and rigging hardware
Gaboleh interpolasi
3. Determine parts of line required and hook block weight dan ekstrapolaso
I,
4. Determine load radius, boom length and angle as required
5. Select the correct main boom load chart for actual crane
configuration, base configuration and quadrant of operation
6. For correct boom length and load radius (or boom angle), read the
gross capacity from the main boom load chart. Whenever possible,
use load rather than boom angle as it will provide better accuracy
7. Determine capacity deduction Kabel 4 dibawah 90 ft maka akan membantu tapi jika sudah
lebih maka akan jadi beban
8. Calculate Net capacity = Gross Capacity – Capacity Deduction
9. Compare the Net Capacity to the Load Weight. If the net capacity is
equal or greater than the load, the crane can be used.
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 Capacity Design
• Gross capacity
– The capacity listed in the load chart are NOT the load that can be
suspended from crane hook
• Determining Range of Boom
– Determine weight of load or object to be lifted
– Determine height of lift
– Calculate total height of attachment (block, sling, hook)
– Determine distance of object from the center (radius)
• Capacity Deduction
– Weight of hook block
– Weight of slings and rigging hardware
– Effective weight of boom or jib extension
– Weight of auxiliary hook and headache ball
– Weight of auxiliary hoist line hanging below boom extension tip
– Stowed weight of jib

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 Capacity Design
• Maximum allowable loads / rated load
– Rated loads are based on ideal condition (level machine, calm
air / no wind, no dynamic effect)
– For safety reason, PCSA suggests load of lifting crane should not
exceed rated tipping loads (SWL/safety weight lift)
• Crawler-mounted machine = 75% of rated load
• Rubber-tire-mounted machine = 75% of rated load
• Machines on outriggers = 85% of rated load

• Load Quadrants
– Over side
– Over rear (of the carrier)
– Over front (of the carrier) 
(some truck-mounted machine prohibit loading on this side)

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 Capacity Design
• Load Radius
– Is the horizontal distance measured from the center rotation of
the crane (center pin) to the load hook (center of gravity of the
load)
– Load radius is more critical than boom length or boom angle
when establishing crane capacity
– DO NOT interpolate (extrapolate) values in load chart. Use the
gross capacity for the next longer radius listed in the chart

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 exercise
• Calculate maximum allowable load (safety weight lift/SWL) for a 50-
ton crawler-mounted crane equipped with 15 meter 2.5-ton boom, if
the distance from crane’s c.g. and boom’s c.g. to the crane’s tipping
point are 3.25m and 6.5m, respectively. Assumed, lifting distance is
75% of boom length.
• 75% of boom length = 0,75 * 15m = 11.25 m
• Balanced moment 
50-ton * 3.25 m = 2.5-ton *6.5m + X-ton * 11.25m
X = 13,72-ton
• SWL = 75% * 13,72-ton = 10,29-ton
Udah termasuk beban slim dan load

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 Safe lifting capacity of crawler cranes (in lbs)

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 Working range of 200-tons crawler-crane

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 Lifting capacity of 200 tons crawler-crane

Jika dalam suatu kasus, diperoleh radius yang tidak tercantum dalam tabel, jangan lakukan interpolasi ataupun
extrapolasi, contoh di sini..radius yang diperoleh adalah 37/ 38/ 39 maka lakukan radius yang lebih besar
terdekat.. yaitu 40, dengan konsekuensi nilai kapasitas angkat yang lebih rendah, sebagai keamanan karena
tabel didasarkan pada kondisi ideal, belum meperhitungkan faktor2 beban yang dinamis ataupun lainnya
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 elements of tower cranes

Counter weights

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 Lifting capacity of tower crane (in lbs)

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 Lifting capacity of tower crane (in lbs)

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 Perencanaan Tower Crane

B B

A A

• Keuntungan
– Tidak ada saling ganggu
– Biaya rendah
– Beban maks besar
– Jangkauan luas
– Koordinasi minimal
– Cocok untuk bujur sangkat
• Kerugian
– Radius besar
– Crane rusak kerjaan tertunda
– Kurang fleksible dlm jadwal
• Keuntungan
– Redundan
– Cocok dgn keterbatasan lokasi
– Fleksible dlm jadwal
– Cocok untuk persegi panjang
• Kerugian
– Transfer dibutuhkan
– Beban maks kecil
– Upah tinggi

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 mobile crane (68,000 lbs - )

MODEL 6430 TRUCK MOUNT LOAD CHART - PCSA CLASS 15-133

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 Crawler crane (25 tons – 13,000 lbs)

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 3D Simulation modeling for crane-lifting design

area

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 3D Simulation modeling for crane-lifting design

dual-cranes lift

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 3D Simulation modeling for crane-lifting design

rigging configuration

Crane Critical Lift Checklist base configuration

ground pressure
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 Other lifting mechanism

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 Jakarta, Senin, 4 Maret 2004
• Sebuah crane jatuh dari bangunan Sudirman Center Business District (SCBD),
di kawasan Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta Pusat, Senin (3/4). Akibatnya, tiga
pekerja PT Prasarana dilaporkan tewas dan lima orang lainnya terluka. Korban
yang meninggal adalah pekerja yang berada di dalam crane. Ketiga pekerja
nahas itu adalah Tahok (27 tahun) operator crane, Daniel (30 tahun), dan Salim
(30 tahun). Seluruh jenazah korban langsung dibawa ke Rumah Sakit
Mangunkusumo, Jakarta Pusat.
Berdasar informasi yang dihimpun Liputan6.com, kecelakaan itu terjadi di
bagian depan gedung, sekitar pukul 10.30 WIB. Bangunan apartemen ini masih
dalam bentuk rangka beton dan baru terdiri dari 11 lantai. Crane tadi jatuh dari
ketinggian 72 meter karena penyangga alat tersebut patah. Saat roboh, alat
berat bangunan ini menyabet enam pekerja yang berada di lantai 10, sehingga
lima di antaranya terluka. Saat jatuh, salah seorang di dalam crane berusaha
menyelamatkan diri dengan cara melompat. Sayangnya usahanya sia-sia
karena tertancap besi tajam.

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 Jakarta, Jumat, 25 Mei 2007
• Menara Crane setinggi sekitar 30 meter lebih, Kamis (25/5) pukul
14.00, roboh, di depan gedung Mall Ritz Carlton yang sedang
dibangun di Kawasan Sudirman Centre Business District (SCBD),
Jakarta Selatan.
Peristiwa ini mengakibatkan kemacetan lalu lintas luar biasa di
jalan-jalan kawasan tersebut.
Seorang pekerja Security Group Artha (SGA), Harno (40), tewas
seketika tertimpa menara, sementara dua mobil warna hitam,
Mercedes S280, B 2180 EH, dan Avanza D 1066 AL rusak.
Sejumlah saksi mata mengatakan, ketika menara crane mau
dipindahkan, tali baja menara crane tersangkut tali baja
kendaraan berat crane KATO. Diduga operator crane KATO tidak
menyadari hal itu. Tali baja crane KATO tetap ditarik. Akibatnya,
menara crane ikut tertarik, roboh.

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 Lifting safety

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 Lifting safety

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 Lifting safety

improper
footing

inadequate
ground
support

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 Lifting safety
too close to power lines

moving with unbalanced object

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 Lifting safety
Most frequent lifting violations
• Failure to guard swing radius
• Operating near power lines
• No load chart
• Unnecessary use of personnel basket

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 Homework
In a construction project, the construction engineer is trying to figure out the design capacity
for a mobile crane. He is considering to utilize a 200-tons crawler crane to lift objects as
high as 130 ft above the ground.
The logistic department informed him that the tallest object to be lifted is a 25 ft vessel.
The total length of attachments (hook, sling, block, etc.) is 9 ft, and they weigh approximately
150 lbs.
If the crane is to be used within the distance of 35 ft and turning 1350, determine the safety
weight lift (SWL) of the crawler crane.

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 End of handout on lifting / erection equipment
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