$DC Circuit Ocr Paper 2

Physics A-Level P-2 Workbook 564 Unit 12: D.
C circuits
Read & Write Publications
Unit 12: D.C Circuits
1. O/N 18/P22/Q6
(a) Define the volt.
[1]
(b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 7.0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected
in series with three components, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
7.0V
Z 1.4V
X Y
5.2Q
0
6.0Q
Fig. 6.1
Resistor X has a resistance of 5.2 Q. The resistance of the filament wire of lamp Y is 6.0 Q.
The potential difference across resistor Z is 1.4 V.
(i) Calculate the current in the circuit.
current = A
(ii) Determine the resistance of resistor Z.
resistance =
W # Q[1]
(iii) Calculate the percentage efficiency with which a supplies power to the lamp.
o. a.
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o
Physics A-Level P-2 Workbook 565 Unit 12: D.C circuits
efficiency = .... B fli i B1
(iv) The filament wire of the lamp is made of metal of resistivity 3.7 x 10 Q m at its operating
temperature in the circuit.
Determine, for the filament wire, the value of a where
cross-sectional area
a —
length
a —
2. O/N 18/P21/Q6
(a) State Kirchhoff’s second law.
B B
•
(b) An electric heater containing two heating wires X and Y is connected to a power supply of
electromotive force (e.m.f.) 9.0 V and negligible internal resistance, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
9.0 V
-
io o
2.4Q
wire X
< 7
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1.2Q
wir
Fig. 6.1 o. Q,
O.
Wire X has a resistance of 2.4 Q and wire Y has a resistance of 1.2 Q. A voltmeter is connected
in parallel with the wires. A variable resistor is used to adjust the power dissipated in wires X
and Y. &
The variable resistor is adjusted so that the voltmeter reads 6.0 V.
(i) Calculate the resistance of the variable resistor.
resistance =
(ii) Calculate the power dissipated in wire X.
power =
(iii) The cross-sectional area of wire X is three times the cross-sectional area of wire Y.
Assume that the resistivity and the number density of free electrons for the metal of both
wires are the same.
Determine the ratio
1. length of wire X
length of wire Y ’
ratio = [2]
2. average drift velocity of free electrons in wire X o

average drift velocity of free electrons in wire Y
O, o.
a.
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ratio = [2]
3. O/N 18/P23/Q7
(a) State Kirchhoff’s first law.
[1]
(b) A potentiometer is connected to a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 9.6 V and negligible
internal resistance, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
9.6V
I— -
800 Q
slider
400 Q
R
Fig. 7.1
The maximum resistance of the potentiometer is 800 Q. A resistor R of resistance 400 Q is
connected between the slider and end X of the potentiometer.
(i) State the potential difference across resistor R when the slider is positioned
1 . at end X of the potentiometer,
potential difference = V
2. at end Y of the potentiometer.
potential difference = V
(ii) Calculate the potential difference across resistor R when the sli ftioned half-way
between X and Y. <9
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potential difference =
4. M/J 18/P22/Q6
(a) (i) State Kirchhoff’s first law.
[1]
(ii) Kirchhoff's first law is linked to the conservation of a certain quantity. State this quantity.
![1]
(b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 8.0 V and internal resistance 2.0 is connected to a
resistor X and a wire Y, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
8.0V 2.0 Q
A 2.5 A
15Q
Ry
wire Y
Fig. 6.1
The resistance of X is 15 Q. The resistance of Y is Ry. The current in the battery i .5A.
(i) Calculate
1. the thermal energy dissipated in the battery in a time of 5.0 min
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energyÿg>-*-ÿ J[2]
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2. the terminal potential difference of t e
terminal potential difference = V[1]

00 Determine the resistance RY
Y=
(iii) A new wire Z has the same length but less resistance than wire Y.
1. State two possible differences between wire Z and wire Y that would separately
cause wire Z to have less resistance than wire Y.
first difference:
second difference:
[2]
2. Wire Y is replaced in the circuit by wire Z. By considering the cur in the battery
state and explain the effect of changing the wires on the total pbwer produced by
the battery.
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5. M/J 18/P23/Q6 @
A wire X has a constant resistance per unit length of'3. -1 and a diameter of 0.48 mm.
(a) Calculate the resistivity of the metal of wire X.
resistivity = Qm [3]
(b) The wire X is connected into the circuit shown in Fig. 6.1.
r “i
i 5.0 V 2.0 Q i
i
i
i
b— i
i
i
L J
1.6 A v
wire X
4.5 Q
R
Fig. 6.1
The battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 5.0V and an internal resistance of 2.0 Q.
The wire X and a resistor R of resistance 4.5 Q are connected in parallel. The current in the
battery is 1.6 A.
(i) Calculate the potential difference across resistor R.
potential difference = v [1]

00 Determine, for wire X,
1. its resistance.
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a.
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resistance =
2. its length.
length = m[1]
6. MAR 18/P22/Q5
(b) Two batteries, each of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.0 V and negligible internal resistance, are
connected in series with three resistors, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
/
R
4.0 Q X I 6.0 V
I
©
6.0 V Y 1.5Q
>
I
Fig. 5.1
Resistor X has resistance 4.0 Q and resistor Y has resistance 1.5Q.
(i) The resistance R of the variable resistor is changed until the voltmeter in the circuit reads
zero.
Calculate
.
1 the currentIin the circuit
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1= A (1]
2. the resistance
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R= Q[2]
(ii) Resistors X and Y are wires made from the same material. The diameter of the wire of X
is twice the diameter of the wire of Y.
Determine the ratio
average drift speed of free electrons in X
average drift speed of free electrons in Y
ratio -
(iii) The resistance R is now increased.
of the variable resistor
State and explain the effect of the increase in Ron the power transformed by each of the
batteries.
B
•
7. O/N 17/P21/Q5
Three cells of electromotive forces (e.m.f.) Ev E2 and E3 are connected into a circuit, as shown in
Fig. 5.1.
4 J *4
E3 'll
% *1 <?
n3
R2
h c?
-ii £
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#z
Fig.
The circuit contains resistors of resistances R1 R3 and R4.
The currents in the different parts of the circuit are Iv I2 and I3.
The cells have negligible internal resistance.
Use Kirchhoff’s laws to state an equation relating

(a) 71, 12 and I3,
11]
(b) Ev E3, RV R3, R4, /1 and I3 in loop WXYZW,
[1]
(c) E f R2, J1 and J2 in loop YZWY.
1]
8. M/J 17/P22/Q7
(a) Define electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a cell.
[1]
(b) A cell C of e.m.f. 1.50 V and internal resistance 0.200Q is connected in series with resistors X
and Y, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
C
1.50V
I l
A 0.200 Q
B
X Y/
7
Fig. 7.1
The resistance of X is constant and the resistance of Y can be varj
(i) The resistance of Y is varied from 0 to 8.00 Q.
o W
State and explain the variation in the potential differ P- etween points A and B
(terminal p.d. across C). Numerical values are not rÿCtfre
a, K
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(ii) The resistance of Y is set at 6.00 Q. The current in the circuit is 0.180 A.
Calculate
1. the resistance of X,
resistance =
2. the p.d. between points A and B,
p.d. = V[2]
3. the efficiency of the cell.
efficiency =
9. O/N 16/P22/Q5
B
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a.
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(b) A battery is connected in parallel with two lamps A and B, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
6.8V r
L- - I I—!
B
0
Fig. 5.1
The battery has electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.8V and internal resistance r.
The I-V characteristics of lamps A and B are shown in Fig. 5.2.
0.40
I/A
lamp B
0.30-
0.20-
lamp A
0.10-
0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
WV
Fig. 5.2
The potential difference across the battery terminals is 6.0V. o
(i) Use Fig. 5.2 to show that the current in the battery is 0.4
m
o. a.
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(ii) Calculate the internal resistance r of the battery.
r=
(iii) Determine the ratio
resistance of lamp A
resistance of lamp B '
ratio =
(iv) Determine
1. the total power produced by the battery,
power =
o.
2. the efficiency of the battery in the circuit.
O, o.
o.
O
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o
efficiency =
10. M/J 16/P22/Q7

(a) Electric current is a flow of charge carriers. The charge on the carriers is quantised. Explain
what is meant by quantised.
[1]
(b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 9.0V and internal resistance 0.250 is connected in
series with two identical resistors X and a resistor Y, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
battery
9.0V 0.250
b—
X Y X
0.150 2.70 0.150

Fig. 7.1
The resistance of each resistor X is 0.150 and the resistance of resistor Y is 2.7Q.
(i) Show that the current in the circuit is 2.8 A.
(ii) Calculate the potential difference across the battery.
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o. o
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potential difference V [2]
(c) Each resistor X connected in the circuit in (b) is made from a wire with a cross-sectional area
of 2.5 mm2. The number of free electrons per unit volume in the wire is 8.5 x 1029m-3.
(i) Calculate the average drift speed of the electrons in X.
drift speed =
(ii) The two resistors X are replaced by two resistors Z made of the same material and
length but with half the diameter.
Describe and explain the difference between the average drift speed in Z and that in X.
. . ii
.
11 0/N 15/P22/Q5
A 240V power supply S with negligible internal resistance is connected to four resistors, as shown
in Fig. 5.1.
0.40 A 240 V
°S°
A
>
550 Q 950 Q
h B
>
350 Q R
Fig. 5.1
Two resistors of resistance 550 Q and 950 Q are connected in series wo resistors of
resistance 350 Q and Hare also connected in series across S. o
The current supplied by S is 0.40 A.
Currents J1 and I2 in the circuit are shown in Fig. 5.1. wW#
(a) Calculate
(i) currentIV o. o.
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A [2]
(ii) resistance R,
R= Q|2]
(iii) the ratio
power transformed in resistor of resistance 350 Q
power transformed in resistor of resistance 550 Q
ratio =
(b) Two points are labelled A and B, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

(i) Calculate the potential difference VAB between A and B.
_ e#?#’
(ii) The resistance R is increased.
r#5--
State and explain the effect on VAB“ <?
% Q,
[1]
12. O/N 14/P22/Q5

o w
A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12V and intertill resistance r is connected in series to two
resistors, each of constant resistance as shown in Fig. 5.1. X,
12V
r
-H
L1 /\
X X
Fig. 5.1
The current 71 supplied by the battery is 1.2 A.
The same battery is now connected to the same two resistors in parallel, as shown in Fig. 5.2.
1
i
i
12V i
t
r i
I
I
i I
I I
I2 A X
Fig. 5.2
The current I2 the battery is 3.0 A.
supplied by
(a) (i) Show that the combined resistance of the two resistors, each of resistance X, is four
times greater in Fig. 5.1 than in Fig. 5.2.
o
(ii) Explain why I2 is not four times greater thanIf
m m m m m m
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(iii) Using Kirchhoff’s second law, state equations terms of e.m.f., current, Xand r, for
1. the circuit of Fig. 5.1,
2. the circuit of Fig. 5.2.
(iv) Use the equations in (iii) to calculate the resistance X.
X= Q[1]
(b) Calculate the ratio
power transformed in one resistor of resistance Xin Fig. 5.1
power transformed in one resistor of resistance X in Fig. 5.2
ratio = [2]
(c) The resistors in Fig. 5.1 and Fig. 5.2 are replaced by identical 12V filament lamps.
Explain why the resistance of each lamp, when connected in series, is not the same as the
resistance of each lamp when connected in parallel.
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13. O/N 14/P21/Q7
(a) A cell with internal resistance supplies a current. Explÿilin w iy the terminal potential difference
(p.d.) is less than the electromotive force (e.m.f.) o c
o
.
m
• B1 1
[1]
(b) A battery of e.m.f. 12 V and internal resistance 0.50 Q is connected to a variable resistor X
and a resistor Y of constant resistance, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
i “l
i i
i i
12V 0.50 Q i
I
X Y
Fig. 7.1
The resistance of X is increased R from 2.0 to 16Q.The variation with Q Iin
of the current
the circuit is shown in Fig. 7.2.
3.0
I/A
2.0
1.0-
0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
R/Q
Fig. 7.2
Calculate, forI= 1.2 A,
(i) the p.d. across X,
p.d. = a m m m a a\u
Wffi#
a
•
(ii) the resistance of Y,
o. o
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resistance = Q [3]
(iii) the power dissipated in the battery.
power =
(c) Use Fig. 7.2 to explain the variation in the terminal p.d. of the battery as the resistance R of X
is increased.
IBB* [1]
14. O/N 14/P23/Q6

(a) A wire has length 100cm and diameter 0.38mm. The metal of the wire has resistivity
4.5 x 10“7Qm.
Show that the resistance of the wire is 4.0 Q.
(b) The ends B and D of the wire in (a) are connected to a cell X, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
2.0V cell X
1.0Q
l (Z
B C •K— 4m
1.5V o. a.
O.
/ etal wire
0.50 Q : cell
Fig. 6.1
The cell X has electromotive force (e.m.f.) 2.0V and internal resistance 1.0Q.
A cell Y of e.m.f. 1.5V and internal resistance 0.50 Q is connected to the wire at points B and
C, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
The point C is distance l from point B. The current in cell Y is zero.
Calculate
(i) the current in cell X,
current = .
(ii) the potential difference (p.d.) across the wire BD,
p.d. = V [1]
(iii) the distance l
1= cm [2]
(c) The connection at C is moved so that l is increased. Explain why the e.m.f. of cell Y is less
than its terminal p.d.
m m
15. M/J 14/P22/Q6

A battery is connected in series with resistors X and Y, as shown in Fig. 6
JFr#
24 V
I o
< \—
Ww
X B <?.
A<> *C
o &'6,
R
Fig. 6.1
The resistance of X is constant. The resistance of Y is 6.0 Q. The battery has electromotive force
(e.m.f.) 24V and zero internal resistance. A variable resistor of resistance R is connected in parallel
with X.
The currentIfrom the battery is changed by varying flfrom 5.0Q to 20Q.The variation with of
Iis shown in Fig. 6.2.
2.5
I/A
2.0-
1.5
5 10 15 20
R/Q
Fig. 6.2
(a) Explain why the potential difference (p.d.) between points A and C is 24V for all es of R.
£ o
#ÿ# [1]
(b) Use Fig. 6.2 to state and explain the variation of the p.d. Y as R is
increased. Numerical values are not required.
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(c) ForF? = 6.0Q,

(i) show that the p.d. between points A and B is 9.6 V,
(ii) calculate the resistance of X,
resistance = .
(iii) calculate the power provided by the battery.
power = W [2]
(d) State and explain qualitatively how the power provided by the battery changes as the
resistance f?is increased.
[1]
16. M/J 14/P23/Q5

(a) Explain why the terminal potential difference (p.d.) of a cell with internal resistance may be
less than the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the cell.
:#m<#
a
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(b) A battery of e.m.f. 4.5V and internal resistance is connected in series with a resistor of
resistance 6.0Q, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
I
battery
4.5V
I
h-~ t
I
I
i
IV
6.0 Q
Fig. 5.1
The currentIin the circuit is 0.65 A.
Determine
(i) the internal resistance rof the battery,
r=
(ii) the terminal p.d. of the battery,
p.d. = r V [2]
(iii) the power dissipated in the resistor,
power =
Ww#
«
(iv) the efficiency of the battery.

o. a.
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efficiency =
(c) A second resistor of resistance 20 Q is connected in parallel with the 6.0 Q resistor in Fig. 5.1.
Describe and explain qualitatively the change in the heating effect within the battery.
17. 0/N13P23/Q6
A battery connected in series with a resistor R of resistance 5.0 Q is shown in Fig. 6.1.
r I
, 9.0V
r I
f I
I
L_
5.0Q
Fig. 6.1
The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery is 9.0V and the internal resistance is r.
The potential difference (p.d.) across the battery terminals is 6.9V.
(a) Use energy considerations to explain why the p.d. across the battery is not equal to the
e.m.f. of the battery.
B
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O.
(b) Calculate o
(i) the current in the circuit
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a.
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current = A m
(ii) the internal resistance r.
r-
(c) Calculate, for the battery in the circuit,
(i) the total power produced,
power = W [2]
(ii) the efficiency.
efficiency =
18. M/J 13/P23/Q6

(a) Define potential difference (p.d.).
Hi
(b) A battery of electromotive force 20V and zero internal resistance is Iin series
with two resistors R1 and R2, as shown in Fig. 6.1. <?.
20 V.
H' s w
o, c
R2 Q,
A
s'
0-400 Q
Fig. 6.1
The resistance of
Calculate
R2 is 600 Q. The resistance of R1 is varied from 0 to 400 Q.
(i) the maximum p.d. across R2’
maximum p.d. = vm
(ii) the minimum p.d. across R2.
minimum p.d. = . V [2]

(c) A light-dependent resistor (LDR) is connected in parallel with R2, as shown in Fig. 6.2.
20 V
— HI
I
R1X LDR
0-400 Q
R2
600 Q
Fig. 6.2
When the light intensity is varied, the resistance of the LDR changes from 5.0 kQ to
1.2kQ.
(i) For the maximum light intensity, calculate the total resistance of R2 and the LDR.
total resistance = Q[2]

(ii) The resistance of R1 is varied from 0 to 400 Q in the circui g. 6.1 and
Fig. 6.2. State and explain the difference, if any, between th p.d. across
R2 in each circuit. Numerical values are not required.
o. a.
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19. O/N 12/P22/Q5

Fig. 5.1 shows a 12V power supply with negligible intbirial resistance connected to a uniform
metal wire AB. The wire has length 1.00 m and resistance 10Q.Two resistors of resistance
4.0 Q and 2.0 Q are connected in series across the wire.
12V
h---[
vi1
A" & metal wire

°B
40 cm
V'
4.0 Q 2.0 Q
D
Fig. 5.1
Currents Iv I2 and I3 in the circuit are as shown in Fig. 5.1.
(a) (i) Use Kirchhoff’s first law to state a relationship between /1, 12 and J3.
[1]
(ii) CalculateIr
A [3]
(iii) Calculate the ratio where

power in metal wire
power in series resistors '
X-
(b) Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) between the points C and D, as shov g. 5.1.
The distance AC is 40 cm and D is the point between the two series resisto
o JK.dr
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20. O/N 12/P23/Q4

A circuit used to measure the power transfer from a battery is shown in Fig. 4.1.The power is
transferred to a variable resistor of resistance Ft.
I 1
i E l
t
i
b r b
i
i i
AI
Fig. 4.1
®
The battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and an internal resistance r. There is a
potential difference (p.d.) V across ft The current in the circuit is I.
(a) By reference to the circuit shown in Fig. 4.1, distinguish between the definitions of e.m.f.
and p.d.
(b) Using Kirchhoff’s second law, determine an expression for the currentIin the circuit.
[1]
..
(c) The variation with currentIof the p.d. V across R is shown in Fig. 4.2.
6.0
-
4.0-
S3
m oA
wv Cl V r
2.0- 22
m s;>
—
S7
7Z
77
s
$
0 ¥
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
I/A
Fig. 4.2
Use Fig. 4.2 to determine

(i) the e.m.f. E,
E= V [1]
(ii) the internal resistance r.
r- a Kl
(d) (i) Using data from Fig. 4.2, calculate the power transferred to R for a current of 1.6 A.
power = W [2]
(ii) Use your answers from (c)(i) and (d)(i) to calculate the efficiency of the battery for
a current of 1.6 A.
efficiency =
21. M/J 12/P22/Q4

A battery of electromotive force 12V and negligible internal resistance is connec o two
resistors and a light-dependent resistor (LDR), as shown in Fig. 4.1.
s/jT
8.0 kO o
12V X]
12ka
0Fig. 4.1 #
s
O
An ammeter is connected in series with the battery. e LDR and switch S are connected
across the points XY.
(a) The switch S is open. Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across XY.
p. d. = ...
(b) The switch S is closed. The resistance of the LDR is 4.0 kQ. Calculate the current in the
ammeter.
current =
(c) The switch S remains closed. The intensity of the light on the LDR is increased. State
and explain the change to
(i) the ammeter reading,
[2]
(ii) the p.d. across XY.
#r#
W [2]
o
22. M/J 12/P21/Q5
(a) (i) State Kirchhoff’s second law.
m m m m m [1]
o.
(ii) Kirchhoff’s second law is linked to the c ati of a certain quantity. State this
quantity.
[1]
(b) The circuit shown in Fig. 5.1 is used to compare potential differences.
cell A
2.0V
0.50Q
---1
Jv
R
0.90 m
X"
J
E r
t uniform resistance wire
length 1.00 m
cell B
Fig. 5.1
The uniform resistance wire XY has length 1.00m and resistance 4.0Q. Cell A has
e.m.f. 2.0V and internal resistance 0.50 Q. The current through cell A is I. Cell B has
e.m.f. E and internal resistance r.
The current through cell B is made zero when the movable connection J is adjusted so
that the length of XJ is 0.90 m. The variable resistor R has resistance 2.5 Q.
(i) Apply Kirchhoff’s second law to the circuit CXYDC to determine the current I.
1= IM!
(ii) Calculate the potential difference across the length of wire XJ.
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(iii) Use your answer in (ii) to state the value of E.
E= V [1]
(iv) State why the value of the internal resistance of cell B is not required for the
determination of E.
[1]
23. M/J 12/P23/Q5

(a) (i) State Kirchhoff’s first law.
a a a a m a
in
(ii) Kirchhoff’s first law is linked to the conservation of a certain quantity. State this
quantity.
[1]
(b) A variable resistor of resistance R is used to control the current in a circuit, as shown in
Fig. 5.1.
20 V
0.500
+ G
R
12V
0.100
Fig. 5.1
The generator G has e.m.f. 20V and internal resistance 0.50Q. attery has e.m.f.
12V and internal resistance 0.100. The current in the circuit is 2
(i) Apply Kirchhoff’s second law to the circuit to determine the r
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R- . O [2]
(ii) Calculate the total power generated by G.
power =
(iii) Calculate the power loss in the total resistance of the circuit.
power - W [2]
(iv) The circuit is used to supply energy to the battery from the generator. Determine
the efficiency of the circuit.
efficiency = .
24. 0/N 11/P22/Q5
A potentiometer circuit that is used as a means of comparing potential differences is shown
in Fig. 5.1.
£1 A *1
H G
< l-Q
metal wire
B J /
h o
!\U
J
1
I
© w#
ha
c ]
; D
lF
!“ÿ?
* Fig. 5.1 (9.
£>
A cell of e.m.f. E1 and internal resistance is e in series with a resistor of resistance

ft, and a uniform metal wire of total resistance ft2.
A second cell of e.m.f. E2 and internal resistance r2 is connected in series with a sensitive
ammeter and is then connected across the wire at BJ. The connection at J is halfway along
the wire. The current directions are shown on Fig. 5.1.
(a) Use Kirchhoff’s laws to obtain the relation

(i) between the currents 71, 12 and I3,
[1]
(ii) between Ev Rv R2, rv 1ÿ and I2 in loop HBJFGH,
[1]
(iii) between Ev E2, rv r2, Rv R2, 71 and J3 in the loop HBCDJFGH.
[2]
(b) The connection at J is moved along the wire. Explain why the reading on the ammeter
changes.
25. O/N 11/P23/Q4

(a) Distinguish between potential difference (p.d.) and electromotive force (e.m.f.) in terms
of energy transformations.
•ÿÿÿÿÿÿ•ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ•ÿÿÿÿÿÿ••ÿÿÿÿ•ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ•ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿa ...
. . . .
* • lilt a
(b) Two cells A and B are connected in series with a resistor R of resistance 5. , as
shown in Fig. 4.1.
4.4 V
2.3Q cell A
o.
n &
2.1V o. o
Fig. 4.1
Cell A has e.m.f. 4.4V and internal resistance 2.3 Q. Cell B has e.m.f. 2.1 V and internal
resistance 1.8Q.
(i) State Kirchhoff’s second law.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the current in the circuit.
current = A [2]
(iii) On Fig. 4.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the current in the circuit. Label
this arrow I. [1]
(iv) Calculate
1. the p.d. across resistor R,
p.d. = V [1]
2. the terminal p.d. across cell A,
p.d. =
JW '1'
3. the terminal p.d. across cell B.
i# <#
P-d.,- m V [2]
26. M/J 11/P22/Q5 o.
(a) For a cell, explain the terms o
&
(i) electromotive force (e.m.f.) o#
[1]
(ii) internal resistance.
[1]
(b) The circuit of Fig. 5.1 shows two batteries A and B and a resistor R connected in
series.
R
r -- i
__
i
3.0V
___
i i
A B
I I
0.10Q 0.20 Q
I I
j i
Fig. 5.1
Battery A has an e.m.f. of 3.0V and an internal resistance of 0.100. Battery B has an
e.m.f. of 12 V and an internal resistance of 0.200. Resistor R has a resistance of 3.30.
(i) Apply Kirchhoff’s second law to calculate the current in the circuit.
current =
(ii) Calculate the power transformed by battery B.
power = W[2]
(iii) Calculate the total energy lost per second jn is: R and the internal
resistances.
o. o
O
&
o
energy lost per second = Js-1 [2]

(c) The circuit of Fig. 5.1 may be used to store energy in battery A. Suggest how your
answers in (b) support this statement.
B a aaaaaaaaaaaaaeaaaaaaaa m m aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa mu a
[1]
27. M/J 11/P21/Q5

(a) A variable resistor is used to control the current in a circuit, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
12V
Ji R
h-
0
6.0 Q
Fig. 5.1
The variable resistor is connected in series with a 12V power supply of negligible internal
resistance, an ammeter and a 6.0 Q resistor. The resistance R of the variable resistor
can be varied between 0 and 12Q.
(i) The maximum possible current in the circuit is 2.0A. Calculate the minimum
possible current.
minimum current =
(ii) On Fig. 5.2, sketch the variation with R of current 71 in the circuit.
2.0TI
IJA &
R
1.0
W
kiA .Sil
A\ w
c>
/
dli- 22:
o 1V
o 4 8 12 R/Q
Fig. 5.2
(b) The variable resistor in (a) is now connected as a potential divider, as shown in Fig. 5.3.
—
12V
J2V
© 6.0Q
Fig. 5.3
Calculate the maximum possible and minimum possible current I2 in the ammeter.
maximum I2 = A
minimum I2 = A
(c) (i) Sketch on Fig. 5.4 theI- V characteristic of a filament lamp.
J.w
0
0
Fig. 5.4
(ii) The resistor of resistance 6.0 Q is replaced with a fi lent lamp in the circuits of
Fig. 5.1 and Fig. 5.3. State an advantage of usin ircuit of Fig. 5.3, compared
to the circuit of Fig 5.1, when using the circuits to y tjne brightness of the filament
lamp. o.
o.
&
[1]
28. 0/N 10/P22/Q6

The variation with temperature of the resistance of a thermistor is shown in Fig. 6.1.
4.0
3.0
RT/ kn
2.0-
1.0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
temperature /°C
Fig. 6.1
The thermistor is connected into the circuit of Fig. 6.2.
1.6kQ
{ }
1.2kO
{ I
A-4
© B-
#»
9.0V
F-
Fig. 6.2
The battery has e.m.f. 9.0V and negligible internal resistance. The voltrmiter has infinite
resistance.
(a) For the thermistor at 22.5 °C, calculate
(i) the total resistance between points A and B on Fig. 6.2
o. a.
O
&
o
resistance = Q[2J
(ii) the reading on the voltmeter.
voltmeter reading =
(b) The temperature of the thermistor is changed. The voltmeter now reads 4.0V.
Determine
(i) the total resistance between points A and B on Fig. 6.2,
resistance = Q[2]
(il) the temperature of the thermistor.
temperature = .
(c) A student suggests that the voltmeter, reading up to 10 V, could be calibrated to measure
temperature.
Suggest two disadvantages of using the circuit of Fig. 6.2 with this voltmeter for the
measurement of temperature in the range 0°C to 25 °C.
1.
o
2. •••
B
a.
O
&
29. M/J 10/P22/Q6 o
(a) A metal wire of constant resistance is used in anÿTectric heater.
In order not to overload the circuit for the heater, the supply voltage to the heater is
reduced from 230V to 220V.
Determine the percentage reduction in the power output of the heater.
reduction = % [2]
(b) A uniform wire AB of length 100cm is connected between the terminals of a cell of
e.m.f. 1.5V and negligible internal resistance, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
,1.5V
100 cm
C
A <ÿ a
L
5.0 Q
@ { J
Fig. 6.1
An ammeter of internal resistance 5.0 Q is connected to end A of the wire and to a
contact C that can be moved along the wire.
Determine the reading on the ammeter for the contact C placed
(i) at A,
<9
reading
## A [1]
(ii) at B.
£ o.
O
o&
reading = A [1]
(c) Using the circuit in (b), the ammeter readingIis recorded for different distances L of the
contact C from end A of the wire. Some data points are shown on Fig. 6.2.
0.4
IIA
0.3-
0.2-
0.1
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
LI cm
Fig. 6.2
(i) Use your answers in (b) to plot data points on Fig. 6.2 corresponding to the
contact C placed at end A and at end B of the wire. [1]
(ii) Draw a line of best fit for all of the data points and hence determine the ammeter
reading for contact C placed at the midpoint of the wire.
reading = A [1]
(iii) Use your answer in (ii) to calculate the potential difference between A and the
contact C for the contact placed at the midpoint of AB.
W #
(d) Explain why, although the contact C is at the midpoint of wire AB, the answer in (c)(iii) is
not numerically equal to one half of the e.m.f. of the
x? m &
30. M/J 10/P23/Q6

(a) (i) State what is meant by an electric current
[1]
(ii) Define electric potential difference.
[1]
(b) The variation with potential difference V of the currentIin a component Y and in a
resistor R are shown in Fig. 6.1.
0.7
I/A
0.6-
component Y
0.5-
z resistor R
0.4
0.3- z
z
z
z-
0-2- 7
sgS1,
z
z c9t±
&
0.1 — 7Z \T,
& 3
ft .
vz
o
0 2 4 6 wv 10
Fig. 6.1 O. o.
<?.
o.
Use Fig. 6.1 to explain how it can be deduc t resistor R has a constant resistance
of 20 Q.
(c) The component Y and the resistor R in (b) are connected in parallel as shown in
Fig. 6.2.
I
I
I
E Y\ R 20 Q
Fig. 6.2
A battery of e.m.f. E and negligible internal resistance is connected across the parallel
combination.
Use data from Fig. 6.1 to determine
(i) the current in the battery for an e.m.f. E of 6.0V,
current = A [11
(»> the total resistance of the circuit for an e.m.f. of 8.0V.
resistance =
(d) The circuit of Fig. 6.2 is now re-arranged as shown in Fig. 6.3. I##1 Q[2]
Y R
o
3ÿ#
&
<r
E o. a
<?.
DL
o m
Fig. 6.3
The current in the circuit is 0.20 A.

(i) Use Fig. 6.1 to determine the e.m.f. E of the battery.
E= V [1]
00 Calculate the total power dissipated in component Y and resistor R.
power =
31. O/N 09/P21/Q6
A cell has electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and internal resistance r. It is connected in series
with a variable resistor R, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
E r
--
Fig. 6.1
(a) Define electromotive force (e.m.f.).
(b) The variable resistor R has resistance X. Show that o

power dissipated in resistor R X
power produced in cell X+ A
o. a.
O
&
o
[3]
(c) The variation with resistance X of the power PR dissipated in R is shown in Fig. 6.2.
2.0
PR/W
1.5-
1.0-
0.5--
0 !
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
X Q
Fig. 6.2
(i) Use Fig. 6.2 to state, for maximum power dissipation in resistor R, the magnitude of
this power and the resistance of R.
maximum power = W
resistance =
(ii) The cell has e.m.f. 1.5 V.
Use your answers in (i) to calculate the internal resistance of the cell.
<9
##
internal resistance
(d) In Fig. 6.2, it can be seen that, for larger values of &er dissipation decreases.
Use the relationship in (b) to suggest one advantÿg|£>de e the lower power output, of
using the cell in a circuit where the resistance aroer than the internal resistance of
the cell. o
[1]
32. M/J 09/P22/Q7

(a) A network of resistors, each of resistance R, is shown in Fig. 7.1.
R R
XO
Si S2
YO
R R
Fig. 7.1
Switches S1 and S2 may be ‘open’ or ‘closed’.
Complete Fig. 7.2 by calculating the resistance, in terms of R, between points X and Y
for the switches in the positions shown.
switch S1 switch S2 resistance between points X and Y
open open •
open closed
closed closed
Fig. 7.2
(b) Two cells of e.m.f. E1 and E2 and negligible internal resistance are connected into a
network of resistors, as shown in Fig. 7.3.
M N
A'!
R R 4r#
o
h R
Ei P Q
a
O.
z $
R e<m R
L K Fig. 7.3
The currents in the network are as indicated in Fig. 7.3.

Use Kirchhoff’s laws to state the relation
(i) between currents Iv I2, I3 and IA,
[1]
(ii) between Ev E2, R, and I3 in loop NKLMN,
[1]
(iii) between E2, R, I3 and I4 in loop NKQN.
[1]
33. M/J 09/P21/Q7

A network of resistors, each of resistance R, is shown in Fig. 7.1.
A Z
R R
R
B<> <>Y
Fig. 7.1
(a) Calculate the total resistance, in terms of R, between points
(i) A and C,
resistance = [1]
o
(ii) B and X,
O, o.
a.
O
o&
resistance = [1]
(iii) A and Z.
resistance = [1]
(b) Two cells of e.m.f. E1 and E2 and negligible internal resistance are connected into the
network in (a), as shown in Fig. 7.2.
E,
A Z
R R
JiV R
h
Bo > oY
h R
<
E2
Fig. 7.2
The currents in the network are as indicated in Fig. 7.2.
Use Kirchhoffs laws to state the relation
(i) between currents Iv I2 and I3,
in
(ii) between E2, R, I2 and J3 in loop BCXYB
[1]
<9
(iii) between E1, E2, R, 71 and I2 in loop ABCXYZA.
« »
* m m
o.
O
o&

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Physics A-Level P-2 Workbook 564 Unit 12: D.

Unit 12: D.C Circuits

efficiency = .... B fli i B1

(i) Calculate the resistance of the variable resistor.

(ii) Calculate the power dissipated in wire X.

2. average drift velocity of free electrons in wire X o

terminal potential difference = V[1]

potential difference = v [1]

Use Kirchhoff’s laws to state an equation relating

(ii) Calculate the internal resistance r of the battery.

10. M/J 16/P22/Q7

0.150 2.70 0.150

(ii) Calculate the potential difference across the battery.

(i) Calculate the average drift speed of the electrons in X.

(b) Two points are labelled A and B, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

12. O/N 14/P22/Q5

2. the circuit of Fig. 5.2.

(iv) Use the equations in (iii) to calculate the resistance X.

(iii) the power dissipated in the battery.

14. O/N 14/P23/Q6

(iii) the distance l

15. M/J 14/P22/Q6

(c) ForF? = 6.0Q,

(ii) calculate the resistance of X,

16. M/J 14/P23/Q5

(iv) the efficiency of the battery.

(ii) the internal resistance r.

18. M/J 13/P23/Q6

(i) the maximum p.d. across R2’

minimum p.d. = . V [2]

total resistance = Q[2]

19. O/N 12/P22/Q5

A" & metal wire

(iii) Calculate the ratio where

20. O/N 12/P23/Q4

Use Fig. 4.2 to determine

21. M/J 12/P22/Q4

(iii) Use your answer in (ii) to state the value of E.

23. M/J 12/P23/Q5

(ii) Calculate the total power generated by G.

A cell of e.m.f. E1 and internal resistance is e in series with a resistor of resistance

(a) Use Kirchhoff’s laws to obtain the relation

25. O/N 11/P23/Q4

(i) State Kirchhoff’s second law.

(ii) internal resistance.

energy lost per second = Js-1 [2]

27. M/J 11/P21/Q5

(c) (i) Sketch on Fig. 5.4 theI- V characteristic of a filament lamp.

28. 0/N 10/P22/Q6

(ii) the reading on the voltmeter.

Determine the percentage reduction in the power output of the heater.

30. M/J 10/P23/Q6

The current in the circuit is 0.20 A.

(b) The variable resistor R has resistance X. Show that o

32. M/J 09/P22/Q7

The currents in the network are as indicated in Fig. 7.3.

33. M/J 09/P21/Q7

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