EVS: class 6

“Population & Environment”

What is population?

a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding

within a given area

Demography: the statistical study of human

populations including size, structure, and movements
of populations over space and time
Demographic parameters:

Ø Population size: number of individuals present in a subjectively

designated geographic range

Ø Population density: number of individuals per unit area

Ø Birth rate: number of babies born in a given period of time

Ø Mortality rate: number of individuals that die in a given period

Ø Sex ratio: number of males and females within a population

World Population Statistics (2022)

https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/
 Birth rate – death rate
Annual rate of Change = X 100
1000 (persons)

Doubling time = 70 / percent growth rate

=70/0.99 = 70.7 yrs

Top 10 countries with the highest numbers of deaths (thousands) for
children under 5 years, 2019

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/levels-and-trends-in-child-under-5-
mortality-in-2020
 heart problems due to
narrowed heart arteries

Ø unhealthy diet
Ø physical inactivity
Ø tobacco use
Ø harmful use of
alcohol

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health
Antibiotic Resistance Ø OVERUSE and MISUSE of Antibiotics

Organ transplantations, chemotherapy and surgeries such as caesarean sections

become much more dangerous without effective antibiotics for the prevention and
treatment of infections. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-
sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception
Ø Emergency contraceptive pills prevent pregnancy by preventing or delaying ovulation
and they do not induce an abortion.
Ø Emergency contraception cannot interrupt an established pregnancy or harm a
developing embryo. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/emergency-contraception