MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD TRAINING BOOK LEVEL 4 (10-11 years)i ee UO ‘Mathematical Olympiad Training Book Level 4 Firs Bain 2019 ‘© Singapore Asta Publishers Pie Ltd and Terry Chew Published and Dieribated by Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 219 Henderson Road #10.04 Henderson Indastial Park Singapore 159556 Tal 4656276 5280, Fax: #65 6276 #292 nail: infosx@saperp com Website: wwe ssparp.com Facebook: Singrpore-Asi- Publishers ALLRIGHTS RESERVED ‘ll rights reserved. No part of hs pebiaion may be reproduced, stra na retieval system, o° transite I ay ‘orm or by any means, electron, mechanical, photocopying, record orctheris, without the prior permission of the publishers ISBN-I3 978-981-324751-5 ISBN 98132.1751-0 Printed in Singapore SAP Global Partners’ Network: Anigua& Barbuda ‘Grenada Nigeria sri Lanka ‘sala Guyana Pakisan Syn DBshrsia India Paps New Guinea Tanzania Bangladesh Indonesia Pen Thailand Barbados Samaies Philipines “einidad & Tobago Bhutan Japa Poland United rab Emirates Botewtae Kenya Poewesl United Kingdom Brazil Laos uae United States oF Ameria Bnei Lebanen ‘wanda Viet Cambodia Malawi Saint Lock Zasabia Canada Malaysia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Zimbabwe hile Maldives Saudi Arabia Chine Maurits Seychelles Colombia Myanmar Singapore Eeypt Namibia Solomon Islands Fi Nepal South Ace hana New Zealand ‘South Koret For international business enquiries. email ibg@sapgrp.comFOREWORD At the time of penning, there are some 25 000 students from 14 Southeast Asia countries as well as the Greater Asia regions taking part in the 3 SEAMO, or Southeast Asian Mathematical Olympiad. Since its ince in 2016, SEAMO has seen the number of students for this competition growing at an exponential rate. Mr Roy Lo, the Communications Director for SEAMO, once cajoled me: “Terry, imagine some students whom you don’t know, from regions you don’t know (referring to some villages of Indonesia), coached by teachers you don’t know, are practising on the questions you have helped to compile.” ‘The objectives of this series, Mathematical Olympiad Training Book, Terry Chew are two-fold. Firstly, it is written for students from different countries preparing for SEAMO, which takes place In August each year. SEAMO X, which serves as the second and final round, will take place in January the following year, The first SEAMO X will take place January, 2019. Secondly, whether locally or overseas, students are increasingly exposed to non-routine real world Mathematics problems, There is a large overlap of MO type of questions and syllabus- based ones, especially in Area and Perimeter of Circle, Ratio, Speed, Average, Number Pattern, just to name a few. Since the release of Maths Olympiad - Unleash the Maths Olympian In You!, more vigorous approaches and varied methodologies to problem solving have also been adopted by schools locally for practice. It should be emphasised, though, that the MO type of mathematical problems dwell further and deeper. Looking at the trends set forth by the Ministry of Education, in the context of Singapore and especially at primary school levels, increasingly more MO type of mathematical problems are incorporated into important national examinations to help promote the critical thinking faculty of children’s minds. Thus, Mathematical Olympiad Training Book also serves as an ideal platform for those who are seeking, beyond a set of rigid practice, the following: * critical thinking skills through solving MO type of questions, which are normally trickier and tougher; + greater exposure and experience in solving MO type of problems; and + creative methodologies and elegant solutions to mathematical problems: working backwards, solving by assuming, replacement method, substitution method, etc. 1. am most fortunate and feel extremely honoured to be able to persevere in a field I still enjoy so much. In my university days, one professor once said to our class: “When a student works hard 100%, I will work hard 200% for him/her.” That has since become my motto, both in writing and coaching young children. C) a Terry Chew, 2019OLAALVIAY SOUTHEAST ASIAN MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD Southeast Asian Mathematical Olympiad (SEAMO) is a unique assessment platform originating from Singapore and presided over by Mr Terry Chew, the author of the celebrated book series ‘Unleash the Maths Olympian in You!’. The Singapore Maths curriculum places strong emphasis on Critical Thinking Skills as part of its 21st Century Core Competencies. Students must be able to make connections and think outside the box in order to be successful in school and at the workplace. With this vision in mind, SEAMO has grown to become the most highly acclaimed Maths Olympiad competition in the region. Over the years, SEAMO has established a wide network of Maths Olympians across S. E. Asia, which knowledge, skills and culture are shared. Hundreds of thousands of eager young minds have received encouragement and recognition as they grow their passion for mathematics. With competition papers suitable for all levels, SEAMO aims to stretch the capabilities of its candidates one bite-sized step at a time and in tandem with the school mathematics curriculum. ‘A reward-driven awarding structure also serves to motivate candidates and eliminate the belief that ‘only geniuses can win’ As stated on every certificate, This certificate recognises your outstanding attitude towards accepting mathematical challenges; for representing your country among thousands from the region and beyond; and for your everlasting passion for mathematics. Active and dedicated participants will in turn emerge with confidence and a robust mindset towards problem-solving, which will in turn drive them to conquer more difficult challenges ahead. Every SEAMO candidate is a winner. Are you ready?1. Use a simple method to calculate each of the following. (a) 376 + 285 + 1244 715 {b) 81 + 79 + 82 + 83 + 88 (c) 173 + 123 + 877 + 327 (d) 169 + 171 + 173 + 172 + 167 2. Complete each number pattern. (a) 2,4,8,16,( (bt dee {b)1,4,9,16,( 1 bE how 142356 CO wb he )2,1,4,3,6,5,( (on 3. Determine whether each of the following sequences has a common difference. Find the common difference if there is. State the first and last terms of each sequence. fa) 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 (b) 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 {o) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 (d) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 4, Ifa * b = (a +b) + 2, evaluate (a) 37, (b) 4 # (8 # 4). 5. There are a total of 660 passengers on two ships at first. 30 passengers alight from Ship A and 70 passengers board Ship B. As a result, the number of passengers on the two ships becomes the same. How many passengers are there on each ship at first? Acar and a bicycle depart at the same time from Town A and Town B respectively, moving in the same direction. ea Town A Town B The bicycle moves at 35 km/h and the car moves at 75 km/h, How far is Town B from Town A if the car catches up with the bicycle three hours later? Use a simple method to calculate each of the following. (a) 395 + 8 + 197 + 5 + 298 + 397 (b) 9998 + 3+ 99 + 997+4+9 (c) 9898 + 302 + 779 + 331 (d) 5678 + 543 + 123 + 477 8. Find the missing numbers. 9. Evaluate 1 +3 +5 + + 49, 10. Ifa@b = 6 xX a~3 x b, evaluate (a) 405, (b) (5 @ 3) @ 20.11. Aloysius and Benjamin have $150 altogether. Aloysius’ mother gives him another $40 and Benjamin spends $10 on a book. Benjamin then has $10 more than Aloysius. How much money does each of them have at first? 12. A hound spotted its prey 50 m away. It started to run towards its prey at a speed ‘of 12 m/s but its prey could only run at a speed of 7 m/s. How long did the hound take to catch up with its prey? 13. Use a simple method to calculate each of the following. (a) 563 - 328 + 98 + 528 {b) 725 - 213 - 312 + 465 {c) 854 - (512 + 154) + 612 (d) 785 - (285 - 634) - 234 14, Find the missing numbers. L\ LY LSA 9 L&Y\ 15, Compute 2 +4 +6 +8 ++ +98 +100. 16.1f3H4=3+4+ 445 +6 = 18 and 7H3=74+84+9= 24, (a) evaluate 2018 Fl 4, (b) find the value of n when 95 Elin = 686. 47. There are 120 books altogether on a three-tier bookshelf. The top shelf holds 11 more books than the middle one. The bottom shelf holds 5 books fewer than the middle one. How many books are there on each shelf? 48. The side of a square building is 10 m long. A cat at Point A begins to chase a rat spotted at Point B and they run around the building. The cat runs at a speed of 2 m/s and the rat runs at a speed of 1 m/s. How soon will the cat catch up with the rat? - 10m ¥ 419. Use a simple method to calculate each of the following fa) 77x 6 +11 (b) 96 x 9 + 12 {c) 65 x 7 = 13 (a) 120 x 8 + 15 20. Find the missing number in each of the following. fa) 12 24 20/16 26|28) (b) 8 \16 12[34 9 |is 621. Compute 1 + 2+ 3+ - + 99 + 100. 22.\haeb evaluate (a) 2019 6 2018, (b) 2019 © (2000 © 300) the remainder when a = b, 23. If a student is transferred from Class 3A, to Class 3B, the two classes will have the same number of students. If a student is transferred from Class 3B to Class 3C, Class 3C will have two more students than Class 38. Between Class 3A and Class 3C, which class has more students? 24, A fish swims past a kingfisher at a speed of 1 m/s. The fish is 4 m away from the kingfisher when the kingfisher gives chase and catches it in 2 seconds. At what speed is the Kingfisher gliding? 25. Use @ simple method to calculate each of the following. (a) 9 + 99 + 999 + 9999 + 99 999 (b) 28 + 298 + 2998 + 29998 + 299998 26. Observe the number pattern below. 11214231423 4 3 3 4 4 4 What fraction is the 35th term? 27. Compute 3 + 7 + 11 + + 95 + 99, pei pei te 28. Ifa®b =a x b-a + b, evaluate (a) 2@4, (b) 3@5 29. Catherine and Molly have $320 altogether. Molly and Tom have $360 in all. Tom and Catherine have $240 altogether. How much does each of them have? 30. Mark and Nigel were jogging along a circular track. They started their jog from the same place and at the same time. Mark jogged at a speed of 220 m/min and Nigel jogged at a speed of 180 m/min. What was the circumference of the track if Mark caught up with Nigel in 30 minutes? Markt Ni NX 31. Use distributive law to calculate each of the following. fa) 42 x 34 + 58 x 34 (b) 37 x 54 + 63 x 54 (c) 156 x 32-56 x 32 (d) 233 x 46 - 133 x 46 32. The first three terms of a three-number pattern are (1, 3, 6), (2, 6, 9) and (3, 9, 12). Find the sum of the three numbers in the 100th term. 33. Find the sum of all the multiples of 5 from 5 to 200.34. Ifa # b = a x b—(a + b), evaluate (a) 5 #6, (b) 8 # (3 # 4). 35. Some PE teachers bought a total of 83 balls for the school. There were twice as many basketballs as footballs. There were 5 fewer volleyballs than footballs. How many balls of each type did the teachers buy? start ee ee A train, which is 200 m long, travels at a speed of 20 m/s. How long does it take to pass a bridge that is 1200 m long? 36. 37. Use a simple method to calculate each of ‘the following. (a) 999 x 222 + 333 x 334 {b) 999 x 778 + 333 x 666 38. Observe the number pattern below. 16, 23, 28, 38, 49, ... What is the 6th term? 39, Find the sum of all multiples of 7 between 100 and 200. 40. fat b= at (a+ 1) + (at 2)t~ + (a + b), evaluate (a) 328, 41. A family has four members. The father is 2 years older than the mother. The sister is 2 years older than the brother. The sum of all their present ages is 64. Three years ago, the sum of their ages was 53. How old is each of them now? 42. Betty and Celine were jogging along a circular track. The track measured 640 m. If they started from the same place and jogged in the same direction, Betty would take 16 minutes to catch up with Celine. If they jogged in the opposite direction, they would meet every 4 minutes. How long did Betty take to jog one round of the track? 43. Use a simple method to calculate 99 999 x 12 345. 44, Observe the number pattern below. 121, 12321, 1 234321, 123 454 321,... What number is the Sth term? 45. Compute 1 + 2 + 3 + +49 b+ 34241, + 49 + 5046. If m &n =m + (m= 1) + (m= 2) + + (m—n), evaluate (a) 7% 5, (b) m when m # 4 = 20. 47. In the figure below, the big square is made up of a small square and four identical rectangles. The area of the big square is 196 cm?. The area of the small square is 36 om*. What is the width of each rectangle? Bom 48. A train takes 27 s to cross a bridge 420 m long. It takes 30 s to pass through a tunnel 480 m long at the same speed. (a) What is the speed of the train? (b) What is the length of the train? 49. Use a simple method to calculate 333 333 x 333 333. 50. How many digits are there before the digit 8 first appears in the number sequence below? 1, 1,2) 1, Vw 1, 2,3, 2,1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 51. Compute 100 - 96 + 94-90 + ~~ + 46-42 + 40 - 36. 52. fal b=axb andaOb=a+b, find the values of a and b in aQ(aOb) = 60 53. 2010 new books are to be distributed to three libraries. Library A will receive 40 more books than Library B. Library B will receive 160 more books than Library C. How many books will each library receive? 54. Car A and Car B travelled together from Town A to Town B at the speeds of 70 km/h and 80 km/h respectively. At the same time, Car C travelled at a speed of 90 km/h from Town B towards Town A. Car C met Car A an hour after it had met Car B. Find the distance between Town A and Town B. 55. A circle that is adjacent to another is considered a pair. How many pairs of circles are there in the figure below? 56. The sum of the digits of a 2-digit number is 9. How many such numbers are there? 57. Mr Harrington spent a total of $15 on 63 fifty-cent and twenty-cent stamps. How many more twenty-cent stamps were there than fifty-cent ones?58. A group of students, staying overnight at a fruit farm, was allocated some rooms. If 8 students stayed in a room, there would be 8 extra beds. If 6 students stayed in a room, they would need one more room. (a) How many rooms were there? (b) How many students were there? 59. Howmany line segments are there altogether in the figure below? AB c 60. Jonathan has 55 marbles. Kelvin has 35 marbles. How many marbles must Jonathan give Kelvin so that the number of marbles that Kelvin has is twice that of Jonathan's? 61. An arc is formed when a line is drawn on any two points along a circle. How many arcs are there altogether in the figure shown below? A B 63. Mrs Hana paid for 30 seven-dollar and five- dollar movie tickets with $200. She was given $14 in change. How many seven- dollar movie tickets did she buy? | 64. A number of students were going on an excursion. If each bus was occupied by 45 students, there would be 20 extra seats. If each bus was occupied by 40 students, 16 students would have no seats. (a) How many buses were hired? {b) How many students were going on the excursion? 65. How many angles are there altogether in the figure below? 66. The sum of three numbers is 180. The value of the first number is twice the second number. The value of the second number is thrice the third number. Find the value of each number. ————————— 67. Stephanie has 13 keys. She wants to put 62. How many different ways are there to form a 3-digit number if the three numbers are chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5? [Shp ana ober edad ey Chew 2 keys on a key chain. How many ways at the most can Stephanie put the keys on the key chain? (The order of putting the keys on the key chain does not matter.) 68. How many ways are there to form a 4-digit even number using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 without repetition?69. 100 game cards are given to 16 children. Some of the children receive 4 game cards each while the rest receive 8 game cards each. How many children have received 4 game cards? 70. A group of workers is paving a road. If they pave 200 m of the road a day, they will need 3 more days to finish the work If they pave 240 m of the road a day, they will finish the work 2 days in advance. How long is the road? 71. How many triangles are there altogether in the figure below? 72, A farmer has some chickens and rabbits. The number of chickens is 24 more than that of rabbits. The number of rabbits is one third the number of chickens. (a) How many rabbits are there? (b) How many chickens are there? 74. A frog is leaping freely from leaf to leaf. It starts from leaf A and returns to leaf A after four leaps. Find the number of possible ways that the frog can leap in this manner. 75. A quiz consists of 15 questions. 8 marks are awarded for each correct answer. 4 marks are deducted if the answer is wrong. Melanie scores 84 marks in the quiz. How many questions has she answered wrongly? 76. An organisation gives away some red packets donated by the public to the elderly during the festive season. If each red packet contains $12, the organisation will have to top up $200. If each red packet contains $8, there will be an excess of $80. How many elderly people are there? 77. In the figure below, how many squares will have #? 73. How many different ways are there to pick three numbers with an even sum from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6? (The order of the three numbers need not be considered.) 1 78. A fruiterer has 260 apples and oranges He sells 40 apples and buys another 20 oranges. The number of oranges then becomes twice the number of apples. How many apples are there at first?79. A staircase has 8 steps. In how many different ways can a person climb up the staitcase if he can either take one or two steps each time? ees 80. How many numbers can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 3 and 8? Each digit can be used only once in each number. 81. Mrs Parkin wants to exchange her one- hundred dollar note for a combination of one-dollar, two-dollar and five-dollar notes. The number of one-dollar notes should be 10 times the number of two-dollar notes and the remaining are five-dollar notes. How many pieces of five-dollar notes are there? 82. A number of students borrow books from the class library before the holidays. If each student borrows 6 books, 16 students will not be able to borrow any books. If each student borrows only 4 books, 24 books will be left in the library. How many books are there in the library? 83. How many rectangles are there altogether in the figure below? 84. Cindy and Diane save $1000 altogether. Cindy spends $240 and Diane saves another $80. As a result, the amount of money that Diane has is thrice that of Cindy’s. How much does each of them save at first? 85. Mrs Clancy rings her students to inform them of the cancellation of a lesson. In the first minute, she informs Abel. In the second minute, she informs Dian, and Abel in turn informs Chloe and so on. How many students are informed of the cancellation of the lesson in 5 minutes? 86. In the final match of a basketball league, the team that wins two consecutive games will be the champion. Otherwise, the team that wins three games in total will win the title. How many possible ways can a team win? 87. A farmer has 100 rabbits and chickens. The animals have 320 legs altogether. {a) How many rabbits are there? (b) How many chickens are there? 88. A welfare organisation sponsors children from different countries. If the organisation sponsors $400 for each child every year, it will be $2600 short for that year. If the organisation sponsors $280 for each child every year, it will have an excess of $2200. How many children are sponsored by the organisation?89. Find the total number of triangles in the figure below. 90. Melanie is 12 years old. Her father is 52 years old. How many years ago was her father's age five times her age? 91. In the figure below, how many triangles |__ can be formed using any three points? A B E D cc 92. How many different ways can you place four beads, one in a box, so that there is only one bead in each row and each column? 93. There are 60 cars and lorries in a car park They have a total of 312 wheels. How many lorries are there if each lorry has 6 wheels? 94. Jocelyn walks to school from her house every morning. If she walks at a speed of 50 m/min, she will be late by 2 minutes. If she walks at a speed of 60 m/min, she will arrive 1 minute before the bell rings. | How far is the school from her house? 95. Count the total number of squares in the | figure below. 96. David is 10 years old. His father is 39 years old and his mother is 37 years old, When will the sum of his parents’ ages be 6 times David's? rr 97. A street has 12 lamp-posts. In an attempt to save energy, the City Planning Department decides that only 5 lamps should be turned on at any one time to ensure maximum brightness. In how many ways can this be done? . How many times does the digit “3” appear from numbers 1 to 2019? . A bus ticket to Town A cost $25. A bus ticket to Town B cost $36. Angeline paid $555 in total for 20 such bus tickets. How many of these bus tickets were to Town A?100. Mr Brooks drives to work every morning. If he drives at 96 km/h, he will arrive at his office 5 minutes early. If he drives at 80 km/h, he will be late by 3 minutes. How far is his office from home? 101. Count the total number of triangles in the figure below. 102. Jack has a total of 180 white and black beads. There are 30 fewer white beads than twice the number of black beads. (a) How many black beads does he have? (b) How many white beads does he have? 103. Weights of 1 9, 5 g and 8 g are placed on a balance. How many different ways can the weights be used to measure different objects? 104.How many different ways are there to move from A to B by passing through C? Only ~ and T movements are allowed. el 105. A PE teacher pays a total of $960 for 6 basketballs and 8 volleyballs. The price of 6 basketballs is equivalent to 8 volleyballs. How much more does each basketball cost than each volleyball? 106. Charlene intended to finish reading a book by a certain date. If she read 60 pages a day, she would finish reading the storybook 3 days earlier than planned. If she read 40 pages a day, she would need another 2 days to finish reading the storybook. If she decided to read 50 pages a day, how many days would it take for her to finish reading the book? 107.Count the total number of rectangles in the figure below. 108. Mark, Nigel and Penny solved 180 mathematics problem sums altogether. Mark solved 8 more than thrice the number of problem sums Penny solved. Nigel solved 2 fewer than twice the number of problem sums Penny solved. How many problem sums did each of them solve? 109. In how many different ways can you colour the three regions shown in the figure so that no adjacent regions will have the same colour? You are only given three colours. _ as iin el110. There are 8 guests at a party. Each guest is to shake hands exactly once with another guest. How many handshakes are exchanged altogether? 111. Mr Culkin took 80 seconds to walk up to the sixth floor from the first floor using the staircase. How many minutes did he | take to walk from the first floor to the 16" floor? 112. It takes a carpenter 3 minutes to saw a wooden plank into two pieces. How many minutes will it take him to saw the same wooden plank into six pieces? 113.In the figure below, the two trains of lengths 160 m and 120 m travel at 12 mis and 16 m/s respectively. How many seconds do the two trains take to pass each other completely? mewieteh 120 16 ms «ves 114. A train, which is 100 m long, travels at a constant speed of 15 m/s. How many seconds does the train take to cross a bridge that measures 200 m? 415. How many different ways can you form a 4-digit number using the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 without repeating any of the digits in each number? 116. There are 2 girls and 4 boys standing in a row. How many different arrangements are there if the girls insist that they stand in the middie? 117. During a festive season, 10 friends agreed to send each other a greeting card. How many greeting cards were sent out altogether? 118. Fill in a number from 1, 2, 3, ..., 7, 8, So the sum of the 4 numbers in the vertices of the big square is twice the sum of the 4 numbers in the small square. ) 119. There is a lamp-post every 8 m of a road from end to end There are 46 lamp-posts altogether along the road. How long is the road? 120.Sam and Ted started swimming at the same time from the opposite ends of a 30-m pool. Sam’s speed and Ted’s speed were 1 m/s and 0.6 mis respectively. How many times did they meet each other if they swam for 10 minutes? Sipe Aut Ponte eae Chew |: ARSC ti a a EE ES124. There are 5 children in a queue. How many different ways can a teacher arrange their positions? 122.A bus that travels from Station A to Station B has to pass by four bus stops before reaching its destination. How many different types of tickets are there if a ticket from one station or bus stop to another is sold at different prices? 123, Shawn uses some beads to form a figure that is made up of 4 small triangles as shown below. Each side of a small triangle has 8 beads. How many beads does he need for the entire figure? 124. There are 52 pots of flowers along the sides of a square pond. Each pot is placed 5 m from another pot. What is the length of each side of the square pond? 125. A train could not be seen for 8 seconds after it first entered a tunnel. 16 seconds later, its last compartment left the tunnel. The length of the tunnel was 128 metres. At what speed was the train travelling? 126. It takes a train 20 seconds to pass a bridge that is 200 metres long. The same train takes 25 seconds to pass through a tunnel of length 300 metres. At what speed is the train travelling? 127. There are three entrances to the museum. In how many different ways can three children enter the museum? 128. Three different colours are used to colour four countries on the map shown below. In how many different ways can this be done if no adjacent countries can have the same colour? 129. Four beads are to be placed in the 16 boxes. How many different ways are there to do so if each column and row must contain only one bead? 130. A teacher wants to select two students as class monitors. How many ways are there for her to do so if there are 30 students in a class? 131.A train has 17 compartments. Each compartment is 14 m long. The connector for every two compartments is 1.5 m long. What is the length of the train?132. Two trains travelled at the speeds of 14 m/s and 16 m/s respectively. A commuter who boarded the slower train noticed that the other train took 5 s to pass him completely. How long was the other train? 133. The digits 1, 2 and 3 are used to form 3- digit numbers. Each digit is used only once. Find the sum of all the 3-digit numbers. 134, The coach for the volleyball team wants to choose two captains to lead the team. The team has 12 players. How many ways can the coach do so? | —| 135, Trees are planted at 6-m intervals along a triangular plot of land shown below. How many trees are planted altogether? 120m 7 7am 136.Pots of orchids are used to decorate a square garden which is made up of 4 square regions. 10 such pots are placed on each side of the small square. How many pots of orchids are there altogether? 137.A train, 176 m long, was travelling at a speed of 16 m/s. Another train, 125 m long, travelled right behind the first train at 20 m/s. How long did it take for the faster train to overtake the other train completely? ~m. wank o™. 138. The lengths of two trains are 240 m and 180 m. They travel towards each other at 12 m/s and 16 mis respectively. How long will it take for them to pass each other completely from the moment they meet? 139. Four colours are used to colour the map as, shown below. How many ways are there to colour the map if no adjacent countries can have the same colour? G8 [aE SAS scot]140. A security guard forgot the 3-digit secret number to a combination lock. He could only remember that there was no “0” in the combination. The sum of the 3 digits was 8. How many times would he have to try to open the combination lock? Consider the worst-case scenario. 141. An even number is formed by choosing 3 digits, without repeating, from 1, 2, 4, 5 and 8. How many even numbers are there altogether? 142. How many triangles can be formed using any three points on the circle shown below? 4143. There are 217 pine trees planted at 12-m intervals along the divider of a road, including both ends of the road. Lamp- posts are to be placed along one side of the road at 16-m intervals. How many lamp-posts will there be? 144. Two trains of length 224 m and 280 m were travelling towards each other. It took the longer but slower train 10 s to pass the driver of the faster train completely. How long did it take for the faster train to pass the driver of the slower train completely? 145.Use a simple method to calculate the following 11 + 22433 4+ 44 +55 + 66 +77 + 88 + 99 146. Find the last 3 digits of 9 + 99 + 999 + + 999 999. 100 "9"s 147. number sequence is given as follows. 1, 4, 7 10; 43)... {a) Find the 100th term. {b) Which term is the number 448? 148. Given that 3* 5 = 4,5 * 4 = 21, 7 ® 25 = 24, find 6 * 8. 149, Alan, Benson and Charles have some beads. Alan has 9 more beads than Benson and 3 more beads than Charles. Benson and Charles have 42 beads altogether. How many beads does each of them have? 150. Angela left home for school, walking at a speed of 50 m/min. Two minutes later, her father realised that she had left her pencil case at home and began to chase after her at a speed of 100 m/min. Her father made his way home right after passing the pencil | case to Angela. He arrived home the same time Angela reached school. How far was ‘the school from Angela's home?151. How many ways can you write 23 as the sum of three different odd numbers? 152.How many different ways can a 3-digit number be formed using 0, 3, 5 and 8, without repeating any of the digits in each number? 153. Mrs Lewis has a total of 55 pieces of dollar notes worth $280. The number of five-dollar notes is twice that of two- dollar notes. The remaining are ten-dollar notes. Find the number of notes for each denomination. 154.A fruiterer sells cherries at his stall. If he sells the cherries at $25 per box, he will make $90. If he sells them at $16 per box, he will lose $72 in total. What will the price of each box of cherries be if he wants to break even? 155. How many squares are there altogether in the figure below? 156. There are 210 books altogether on Elton's four-tier bookshelf. The number of books on the first row of the bookshelf is half that of those on the second row. The first row has 2 books more than the number of books on the third row but 2 books fewer than the number of books on the fourth row. How many books are on each row? 157. How many triangles can you form using any three points in the figure below? 158. A total of 48 trees are planted along the sides of a garden which is in the shape of a hexagon. How many trees are there along each side of the garden? 159. A train takes 20 s to pass through a tunnel which is 480 m long. The same train takes 12.8 to cross a bridge which is 240 m long {a) What is the speed of the train? {b) How long is the train? 160. A car departs from Town A to Town B. A van departs from Town B to Town A at the same time. The car travels at 80 km/h. The van travels at 60 km/h. They meet 5 hours later. How far is Town B from Town A? 161. Jonathan's brother is 2 years old now. His mother is 26 years old. When will his mother’s age be thrice his brother's age? 162. The total mass of 5 big marbles and 3 small marbles is 84 g. The total mass of 3 big marbles and 5 small marbles is 76 g. What is the mass of each small marble?163.A storybook has 250 pages altogether. How many digits are used to print all the page numbers? 164.A number is added to 10. The sum is multiplied by 10. 10 is then subtracted from the product. The difference is divided by 10. The result is 10. What is the number? 165. In the month of December some years ago, there were four Fridays and four Mondays, Which day of the week was 1 January of the following year? 166. Town A and Town B are 720 km apart. Car A travels from Town A to Town B at a speed of 90 km/h. Car B travels towards Town A from Town B at a speed of 80 km/h. How many hours must Car B start travelling before Car A so that the two cars will meet halfway? 167. A father says to his son, “When | was your age, you were only 4 years old. By the time you reach my present age, | would be 79 years old!” How old is each of them now? 168.6 boxes of cherries and 5 kg of apples cost $160. 3 boxes of cherries and 2 kg of apples cost $76. How much is each box of cherries? 169. A book has 188 pages. How many digits are used for printing all the page numbers? 170. Instead of dividing a number by 4, Janice multiplies it by 4. Instead of adding 28, she subtracted 28 from it. The result was 36 after the two mistakes. What should the actual result be? 474. 1st April 2017 was a Saturday. On which day of the week was 1st December 2017? 172. The library and the school are 660 m apart. Dianne walks from the school towards the library at a speed of 60 m/min. At the same time, Lawrence walks from the library towards the school at a speed of 50 m/min. How far apart are they after 8 min? 173. Melissa is 21 years old and her father is 47 years old. How many years ago was her father’s age thrice hers? ¢$ 174. A table and a chair cost $180. A chair and a vase cost $140. A vase and a table cost $200. Find the cost of each item. 175. How many times does the digi in a book of 222 pages? ” appear 176.A number is added to 8 and the sum is multiplied by 8. 8 is then subtracted from the product. The difference is then divided by 8. The result is also 8. Find the number. ii an a a el177.(a) What is the smallest 3-digit number that can be divided by 2, 3 and 5? {b) What is the greatest 3-digit number that can divided by 2, 3 and 5? 178. Town A and Town B are 780 km apart. Car A and Car B travel towards each other from Town A and Town B respectively. Car A's speed is 65 km/h. Car B's speed is 78 km/h. If they are to meet halfway, how much earlier must Car A set off than Car B? 179. The sum of Melissa and her parents’ ages is 81. Her father is as old as her mother. Her mother’s age is 4 times Melissa’s age. How old is each of them? 181. How many times does the digit in a book of 300 pages? appear 182.Cindy asked her father about her grandmother's age. Her father replied, “You have to add 18 to her age. Next, you divide the sum by 4. Then subtract 15 from the quotient. Lastly, you multiply the difference by 10 and the result is 100.” Help Cindy find her grandmother's age. 183, 184, Michelle and Nigel walk from Point A in opposite directions along a 300-m track at the same time. How many minutes later will they meet at Point A again? Nigel 4- A —« Michelle 50 "CY mimin 185. Jason's grandfather is 70 years old and Jason is 10 years old. How many years ago was his grandfather's age 11 times his? 186. Mr Hill loves to run and walk. On Monday, he ran for 2 km and walked for 1 km. The total time taken was 24 min. On Wednesday, he ran for 3 km and walked for 500 m. The time taken was 22 min. Assuming he ran and walked at the same speed for both days, how long did he take to run 1 km? 187. A total of 1557 digits were used to print all the page numbers of a book. How many pages does the book have? Ci i aa188. On the first day, Fabian read 15 pages more than half of a storybook. On the second day, he read 20 pages fewer than half of the remaining number of pages. He had 60 pages to finish on the third day. How thick was the storybook? 189. 3°" means 3 x 3 x 3 x 2019 times What is the unit digit? 190. A lorry travelled from Town A to Town B. A van travelled from Town B to Town A at the same time. They met 10 km from the middle of the journey, as shown below. lorry > meeting point <—van a ——— eel Town A TOK’ Town B Find the distance between Town A and Town B if the lorry and the van travelled at 65 km/h and 60 km/h respectively. 191. The average age of Laura, Melissa and Nichola is 20 years. The average age of Robert, Melissa and Nichola is 18 years. How old is Robert if Laura is 32 years old? 192. One carton of apples and 2 cartons of oranges weigh 130 kg. 2 cartons of pears and 2 cartons of oranges weigh 170 kg. 3 cartons of apples and 2 cartons of pears | weigh 240 kg. How heavy is each carton of fruit? 193. How many times does the digit “1” appear in the page numbers of a dictionary with 250 pages? 194, Alan, beads at first. Alan gave some beads to Benjamin and Casper. As a result, the number of beads that Benjamin and Casper had at first was doubled. Benjamin then gave some beads to Alan and Casper which also doubled the number of beads Alan and Casper each had. Finally, Casper gave Alan and Benjamin some beads which also doubled the number of beads they last had, Each boy had 32 beads in the end. How many beads did they each have at first? Benjamin and Casper had some 195. 1988 was a leap year. 1st January 1988 was a Friday. On which day of the week was 1st January 1991? _|196. Howard and Ivan left the library for the shopping mall and walked at a speed of 50 m/min and 60 m/min respectively. Jack left the shopping mall for the library at the same time and walked at a speed of 70 mimin. Jack met Howard 2 min after he met Ivan. How far was the library from the shopping mall? —> Howard, 50 m/min Jack, 70 m/min > Ivan, 60 m/min library shopping mall + Jack met Howard Jack met Wan ii ce197. The total age of A, B, C and D is 62 years. A is 20 years old and B is 18 years old. When A was 16 years old, C was thrice as. old as D. How old is D now? 198. Some years ago, 1 US dollar (USD) could be exchanged for 1.5 Singapore dollar (S$) on a particular day. On the same day, 60 USD was equivalent to 840 000 Vietnam Dhong. How much Vietnam Dhong could be exchanged for S$30 on the same day? 199.A very large number 12345678910111213 sum of its first 80 digits? is written as What is the 200. An express bus started its journey from Georgetown. At the first station, + of the commuters alighted. At the second station, ¢ of the remaining commuters alighted. At the third station, % of the remaining commuters alighted, and so on. At the sixth station, half of the remaining commuters alighted. The bus was then left with 4 commuters. How many commuters boarded the bus at Georgetown? 201. Column 3rd | 4th | 5th 9 | 16] | | 10 | 15 | --- 14 [14 {| 12] 13[ = | In which row and column is the number 10007 202.AB is the diameter of a circular track, Jonathan runs clockwise from A while Michael runs anti-clockwise from B at the same time. They meet the first time at Point C, 90 m from A. The 2nd time, they meet at Point D, which is 70 m from B. How long is the track? c™ AL 203.In 2010, Mrs Gibson's age was 4 times the total age of her children, Daisy and Ellen. In 2018, her age was twice the sum of theirs. How old was Mrs Gibson in 2018? 204. A farmer prepared a pile of grass for his herd. The pile of grass was enough to feed 3 cows and 5 goats for 15 days or 5 cows and 6 goats for only 10 days. How many days could the pile of grass feed 7 cows and 7 goats? 205.Find the sum of the digits of all the page numbers in a 60-page book. 206.The first digit of a 6-digit number is 1. When the first digit is moved to the ones place, the rest of the digits remain unchanged. The new number becomes thrice the original number. Find the original number. aaa, |207. number has a remainder of 2 when it is divided by 3. It has a remainder of 5 when it is divided by 6. The remainder is 3 when it is divided by 7. What is the number? 208. A bookstore is 800 m away from Professor Greenwood’s house. One morning, he starts walking to the bookstore at a constant speed of 80 m/min. His dalmatian runs towards the bookstore at the same time at a speed of 160 m/min. It arrives at the bookstore before the professor, runs back to the professor again and then back to the bookstore. This is repeated until the professor reaches the bookstore. What will the total distance covered by the dalmatian be when Professor Greenwood reaches the bookstore? 209.2 years ago, Melanie's mum was 5 times as old as she was. This year, her mum is 4 times as old as she is. In how many years will her mum's age be thrice hers? 210. The number of fiction books in a bookstore is twice the number of history books. If the bookstore sells 35 fiction books and 26 history books every day, 120 fiction books will be left when all the history books are sold out. How many fiction books are there in the bookstore? 21. ind the sum of the digits of all the page numbers of a book that has 200 pages. 212. There are 20 questions in a mathematics quiz. 8 marks are awarded for a right answer. 5 marks are deducted for a wrong answer. No mark is given or deducted for an unattempted question. Camilla scores 118 marks on the quiz. How many questions are not attempted by Camilla? 213.70 means 7 x 7 x 7 x - x 7. Find 2019 "7" the digit in the ones place of 77", 214. A, B, C and D are four 1-digit numbers. Ax B= 24 CxD=35 Bx D=20 Bx ¢ = 28: Find the values of A, B, C and D. 215. A bus has to pick up students from five places before it arrives at the school. A certain number of students board the bus at the first stop. The number of students who board the bus at the second stop is half that of the first stop. The number of students who board the bus at the third stop is half that of the second stop, and so on, Find the least number of students in the bus after it has picked up students at the fifth stop. 216. The width of a rectangular field is increased, 1 k 1 by 3 - Its length i What is the increment in the area of the increased by field? Express your answer as a fraction iii a217.The figure below is formed using five identical rectangles. The perimeter of the figure is 66 cm. Find its area, 219. There are 30 students in a class. 20 of them subscribe to The Science World magazine. 15 of them subscribe to The Maths World magazine. How many of the students subscribe to both magazines? 220. Carl, Dylan and Edmund are best friends. Only one of them knows how to drive. Carl: | can drive, Dylan: | do not know how to drive. Edmund: Carl does not know how to drive! Only one of them is telling the truth. Who can drive? 221. Reuben used 120 beads to form the diagram shown below. How many beads were used to form the smallest square? 222. The number of apples was twice the number of oranges in a fruit stall. 20 apples and 20 oranges were then sold. As a result, the number of apples became | thrice the number of oranges. How many | apples were there at first? | 223.In the figure below, a garden with dimensions 50 m by 30 m has a path of width 2 m. What is the area of the garden? {The path is not part of the garden.) 2m 224. Find the 10th term in each of the following sequences. (a) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, (b) 1,1, 2, 3,5, (c) 1, 8, 22, 50, 106, ... (d) 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, .. Tom 2226. Find the values of a and b in each of the following. 227. Fill in each region of the figure with either 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 or 13 so that the sum of the four numbers in each circle is 22. Each number can only be used once. 228. There were 41 students in a class. 27 of them scored an A-star in mathematics during the final examination, 20 of them scored an A-star in science. 11 of them scored an A-star in both subjects. How many students did not score an A-star in both subjects? 229. ABCD is a square of side 30 cm. Given that CG = 2BG, AH = 2BH, AE = 2DE and CF = 2DF, find the area of rectangle EFGH. 230.Observe the number pattern below carefully, 1+3 a, Hc Tee et ODI 2 1434 9 3x3 16 4x4 T+34547 Hence, compute 1+ 3 +5 + -~ +97 + 99. 231. There are 35 students in a language class. 20 of them can speak Japanese. 22 of them can speak Korean. How many of the students can speak both Japanese and Korean? 232.A science test has 20 questions. Each question carries 5 marks. 3 marks will be deducted for every wrong answer. No marks will be given or deducted for an unattempted question. If Jolene scores 79 marks for the test, how many questions are unattempted? 233. The sum of seven numbers is 381. The second number is twice the first number. The third number is twice the second number and so on. What is the biggest number in the sequence? 234. Two pieces of square paper are lying on the table as shown below. What is the area covered by the two pieces of paper? & em Bem 2em| 4.0m 22235. Square ABCD is formed by four identic: rectangles and a small square in the centre. The area of square ABCD is 121 cm? and the area of the small square in the centre is 49 cm®. What is the length of each rectangle? B 236. The figure below shows three patterns. Each pattern is made up of identical squares. f ry ti CO oO Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 1 The first pattern has a perimeter of 20 cm. Find the perimeter of the pattern which is made up of 121 squares. 237. How many whole numbers are multiples of 2 and 3 from 1 to 100? 238. Mavis, Nina and Owen each drew two cards from a stack of eight cards numbered 1 to 8. Mavis: One of my numbers is twice the other. Nina: The sum of my numbers is 8. ‘Owen: The difference between my numbers is 2. Which two cards are left behind? 239. double-decker bus has 78 seats altogether. 1 passenger boards the bus at the first bus stop. 2 passengers board the bus at the second bus stop. 3 passengers board the bus at the third bus stop and so ‘on. At which bus stop will all the seats be filled up? 240. 32 students line up to form two squares as shown below. How many more students are needed to form another three squares in the direction indicated by the arrows? 241.4 rectangular garden, with dimensions 60 m by 40 m, has a path of width 3 mas shown below. Find the area of the garden. (The path is not part of the gatden.} am 40m 13m Pi |242. The first number of a spiral number pattern is 1. The number at the first corer is 2. The number at the second comer is 3. The number at the third corer is 5. The number pattern is shown below. What is the number at the 20th corner? 12:13 3 14 4 16 5 16 1 243. Two books were placed on top of a table One of the books partially overlapped the other. The areas of the books were 216 cm? and 468 cm? respectively. The overlapped region was 45 cm’. Find the area of the table not covered by the books. im Table book] 7 i] 244. An archaeologist found a tomb in an ancient grave. Some of the numbers on it were missing. Identify the missing numbers. o8 2400 706008 bea lel Oa) Oo 9 18 12 15 O 24 246. a? = 245. Mrs Newman owned a small factory that produced egg tarts. Her normal schedule was to produce 60 egg tarts in one hour. On a particular day, her factory produced 10 egg tarts more every hour and hence, finished 2 hours ahead of schedule. {a) How many hours were spent producing egg tarts following the normal schedule? (b) How many egg tarts were produced that particular day? a x a is called a square number, whereby a number is multiplied by itself. For example 9 = 3 x 3. Fill in the missing numbers in the table below. a 5 at3 aad 10 247. In the figure below, the shaded part is the overlapping part of two identical squares. The perimeter of the shaded part is 26 cm. What is the perimeter of the whole ‘shape? ‘Sem 248. 1 2 oe) 86789 10 11 12 13 14 18 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ‘What is the third number from the left in the 100th line?249.Given that 1 + 2 + 39 + 4 + + 98 + 99 + 100 = 5050, find + 97 + 98 + 99 ~ 100, 1424+3444- 250.6 basketball teams took part in a zonal league. Each team had to play exactly one match with another team. Team A played 5 matches so far. Team B had already played 3 matches. Teams C and F had played one match each. How many matches had Team E played? 251. A snooker table has 6 pockets. The game requires a player to pocket one red ball, followed by a coloured ball for the first part of the game. The coloured balll is then placed back on the table. There are 15 red balls where each carries one point. The points for the coloured balls, black, pink, blue, brown, green and yellow, are 7, 6, 5, 4,3, and 2 respectively. The score obtained is the sum of the points collected from the balls. In the second part of the game where no more red balls are on the table, the player will pocket the remaining balls in the order of yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black. The coloured ball will not be placed back on the table this time. What is the maximum score that a player can got? 252. Amber reaches home at 2.30 pm every afternoon. She uses 66 minutes to do the following activities: Turn on the microwave — 1 minute Heat up her lunch using the microwave — 5 minutes Take a shower — 10 minutes Watch educational TV programmes — 2.45 pm to 3.15 pm © Eat her lunch — 20 minutes Help her organise her activities so that she can complete them in a shorter time. 253. The figure shows a rectangular piece of land. The shaded region is a piece of land which is plotted for other purposes. The difference in area between the rectangular land and the square land is 135 m?, Find the length of the rectangular land. I} m m 254, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12:13 14 18 16[17 18 19]20 21 f 22 23 24) 25{[26 27 28 ‘The sum of the five numbers in the box is 90. What are the five numbers when the sum is 325? 255.50 runners were queueing in a straight line. Each of them was asked to shout a number from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and so on until 50. Those who shouted out multiples of 4 were asked to gather at Field A. Those who shouted out multiples of 6 were asked to gather at Field 8. How many runners were left in the line?256. Study the patterns carefully. A iat 14 51 Draw in the circles to indicate 51 257. There are 10 matchsticks on the table. How many ways can they be removed if only either one or two matchsticks can be taken away each time? (Hint: This is a Fibonacci sequence.) 258. Frederick, Gilbert and Harris want to buy a software for a computer game together. Frederick is short of $104. Gilbert is short of $130. If the three of them pool their money, there will be an excess of $60. How much is the software if Harris has $75? 259. Part of a piece of square land is used for some purposes as shown in the shaded part of the figure. The remaining plot of land has an area 1540 m? less than its original area. Find the length of the side of the original plot of land. rom 2 260.7% row] 128 456 789 [2row] 231 564 897 [Btrow] 312 645 978 123 456 789 4 row Find the numbers in the 62nd row. 261. There are 40 students in a class. 20 of them join the Robotic Programming Club. 15 of ‘them are members of the International Chess Club. What is the greatest possible number of students who do not belong to any of the clubs? 262. A bank was robbed on the second day of the new year. The investigator detained four suspects for questioning. Rona: I have no doubt it was Steve. Steve: Vivian did it. Check records! Teddy: Hey, | was working that day! Vivian: Steve is trying to set me up! Only one testimony was verified as the truth. Who robbed the bank? her 263. Mark, Nicholas, Owen and Pierre each has the same number of gold coins at first. Each of them donates 9 gold coins. The total number of gold coins left is the same as the number of gold coins each has at first. How many gold coins does each of them have at first? 6264. There are 6 teams in a zonal volleyball league. Each team has to play exactly one match with another team. Team B has played 4 matches so far. Team A has already played 3 matches. Team E and Team F have each played 2 matches. How many matches have Team C and Team D each played? 265. The length of a rectangle, ABCD, is twice its width, When the rectangle is cut into 9 rectangles as shown below, the total perimeter of the 9 rectangles is 540 cm. Find the area of ABCD A B 266. tis known that A = 2x 2x 2x 2019 times Find the last 2 digits of A. 267.How many whole numbers are multiples of 3 and 5 from 1 to 100? 268. The Mathematics Olympiad Club in the school has 108 members. What are the average class sizes if the members are divided into 3 classes and 6 classes respectively? 269. Show at least five ways to divide a square into four identical parts. 270.We can write 12 as the sum of two numbers, for example, 12=6+6=5+7= What are the two numbers when their product is the greatest? 271.A school is going to buy some chairs and tables for the classrooms. The money is enough to buy exactly 60 tables or exactly 180 chairs. How many sets of one table and one chair can the school buy? 272. There are 13 commuters onboard a bus. Show that at least 2 commuters are born in the same month. 273. One of the compartments of a train has 54. commuters. How many commuters, at the least, are born in the same week of the year? (Hint: There are 52 weeks in a year.) 274, Jonathan's score for an English test and a science test was 96 and 88 respectively. What would his score for a mathematics test be if the average score for the three subjects was 93? H.-P CES .). ay275.A class has twice as many girls as boys. The average mass of the girls is 26 kg. The average mass of the boys is 32 kg. What is the average mass of the students in the class? 276.Use at least two methods to divide the triangles shown below into four parts of equal area. Method 1 Method 2 277. There is a circular hole on a piece of square paper. Divide the paper into two parts of equal area using only a straight line. ® 278. The sum of two numbers is 20. What are the numbers when their product is the greatest? 279. York Primary School has 400 students. How many students, at the least, are born on the same day? 280. Aureila's average score forher Mathematics tests was 90 at first. She scored 100 for the final test. Her average score for the tests became 92. How many tests had 281.In the figure below, E and F are midpoints of the length and breadth of the rectangle respectively. Find the area of the shaded region if the area of the unshaded region is 45 cm?. 282. Use Distributive Law to reason which of the following products is greater. 878 x 787 888 x 777 283.A rope, which is 160 cm long, is used to form a rectangle. What is the length of the rectangle when its area is the greatest? 284. There are 37 students in a class. How many students, at the least, are born in the same month? 285.The PE teacher sends some students to collect two balls each from the PE room. There are basketballs, volleyballs and footballs in the PE room. How many students must he send so that at least two students have the same combination of balls? 286. The average mass of Alison and Belinda is 26 kg. The average mass of Alison and Carol is 22 kg. The average mass of Belinda and Carol is 24 kg. Find the mass of each girl. she sat for altogether? aa287.The average of five numbers is 18. If one of the numbers is changed to 2, the average of the five numbers becomes 16. What is the original value of the number that is changed? 288. In the figure below, E and D are midpoints of AB and AC respectively. BC is 10 cm and the height of the triangle is 8 om. Find the area of BDE. 289. A farmer wants to divide his plot of land equally for his two children using a straight line from point A. Help him to do so. 290. The K-row of the theatre has 15 seats. Annabelle walks into the row and realises that someone will sit next to her no |~ matter which seat she chooses. At least how many people are already seated in K-row? 291.There are 5 black socks, 4 blue socks and 3 green socks in the drawer. Without looking, how many socks must you take out so that you get one pair of the same colour? 2s 292. Michael was sick on the day of the final mathematics examination. The average score of the rest of the students in the class was 94 marks. Michael scored 65 marks for the make-up examination. The class average then became 93. How many students were there in the cla 293.In the figure below, E, G and H are the midpoints of AD, BC and CD respectively. F is a point on AB. Find the area of the shaded region if the area of rectangle ABCD is 64 om?. A B E ic D H c 294. Fill in each region of the circle with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 so that the sum of the numbers in each circle is 14. Use each digit only once. 295.49 tourists are going for a river cruise. A big boat can take 5 passengers and the rent is $7 per trip for each boat. A small boat can take 3 passengers and the rent is $4 per boat. How many of each type of boat is needed if the minimum rental is paid? 9296. There are 10 white balls, 8 black balls and 6 green balls in a bag. How many balls must be taken out from the bag so that at least 4 balls are of the same colour? 297. 109 books are distributed to a class and at least 1 student will get 4 books. What is the least number of students in the class? 298.A circular track measures 400 m. Amy runs the first round at the speed of 100 m per minute. She then runs the second round at the speed of 80 m per minute. What is the average speed for the two rounds? Leave your answer as a fraction. 299.100 students took part in a quiz. Their average score was 64 marks. The average score for the boys was 70 marks. The average score for the girls was 60 marks. How many more girls than boys took part in the competition? 300. Divide the figure shown into two parts of equal areas by drawing only a straight line from A. | | | 301. Transform the trapezium into a triangle of equal area. 302. Two adventurers decided to venture into the Sahara Desert. Each of them carried enough food and water for 15 days and each can only walk 25 km a day. What was the furthest distance that one of them could walk if both were to return safely and the difference in the distance walked by both must be less than 100 km? 303. The highest score in a science test for Class 4J was 98. The lowest score was 89. At least 3 students had the same score. What could be the smallest class size of Class 4J? 304. Mark and Nicholas walked to school from the same place at the same time. Mark walked at 90 m/min and Nicholas walked at 60 m/min. Mark realised that he left his pencil case at home when he reached the school. He walked immediately in the direction of his house and met Nicholas 180 m from school. How far was the school from where they stayed? iii,305. Annabelle’s father was 7 times as old as she was 4 years ago. Her father is 4 times as old as she is this year. In how many years’ time will her father's age be thrice her age? 306. The number of apples in a fruit stall was twice the number of oranges. If the fruit seller sold 50 apples and 35 oranges a day, there would still be 60 apples left when all the oranges were sold out. How many apples were there at first? 307. The digit "1” appears in the page numbers of a book 141 times. How many pages does the book have? 308. The workers repaired 2 km more than half of the length of an old road in the first week. They repaired 2 km less than half of the remaining length of the road in the second week. They still had 14 km to go. How long was the stretch of the old road? 309. 1 January 2000 was a Saturday. On which day of the week was 1 Aug of the same year? The month of February had 29 days in 2000. 310.A fake gold coin is slightly lighter than a genuine one. There is a fake coin among 27 gold coins. How many times do you need to weigh the coins using a balancing machine in order to pick out the fake coin? 311. How many ways are there to go from A to B without passing through C? Assume that only + and T movements are allowed. B f c 312. Jordon was queuing up to buy some movie tickets. He had $46, which was more than enough to buy 4 adult tickets and 3 concession tickets. If he used the remaining money to buy another concession ticket, he would have $2 left However, if he wanted to buy one more adult ticket, he would be $1 short. How much was one adult ticket? 313. The figure below has 4 squares. The smallest square has sides of length 4 cm What is the area of the biggest square? 6 9+104+11412=13 + 14 +15 164174184194 20=21422+23 +24 What is the sum of the numbers in the 10th row? a.315. There are 30 students in a class. 10 of ‘them are the Wushu Club members. 8 of them are members of the Robotic Programming Club. What is the greatest possible number of students who are not in any of the two clubs? 316. There are 24 different 4-digit numbers that can be formed using the digits 2, 3, 4, 7. What is the average of the 24 numbers? 317. Austin was quite late when he entered the cinema. His ticket indicated J-Row. He noticed that no matter where he sat, there ‘was someone next to him. There were 7 people already seated in the row. What could be the largest-number of seats in that row? ——ee | 318. The highest score for a science test in a class was 95. The lowest score was 87, At least 5 students obtained the same score. What could be the smallest number of students in this class? ih. caMATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD TRAINING BOOK LEVE Baw (10-11 years) [in-depth Analysis1. (a) 376 + 285 + 124 + 715 800 + 1000 1500 {b) 81 + 79 + 82 + 83 + 88 = (80 + 1) + (80 ~ 1) + (80 + 2) + (80 + 3)+(80 + 8) {80 x 6) +2+348 400 + 13 413 (c) 173 + 123 + 877 + 327 500 + 1000 = 1500 {d) 169 + 171 + 173 + 172 + 167 = (170 - 1) + (170 + 1) + (170 + 3) + (170 + 2) + (170-3) (170 x 5) +2 850 +2 2 tab (64), (128), .. tb) (c) (a) 3. (a) 6 The common difference is 5. ‘The first term is 5. The last term is 35. ib) The common difference is 3. ‘The first term is 1. The last term is 19. {c} This is a sequence of square numbers. ‘There is no common difference. The first term is 1. The last term is 49. (d) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 14 ‘The common difference is 2. The first term is 2. The last term is 14. 4 (a) 3H 7= (347 +2 to~2 2 See TA (b) (8 #4) = (8 + 4) +2 = 1242 6 4*6=(4+6)+2 10+2 = 350 350 + 30 = 380 There are 380 passengers on Ship A at first. 360 - 70 = 280 or 680 ~ 380 = 280 ‘There are 280 passengers on Ship B at first. ‘The car can catch up with the bicycle (75 km — 35 km = 40 km) in an hour. ‘The distance between Town A and Town B is the same distance for the car to catch up with the bicycle. 3h x 40-km/h-=120-km. Town B is 120 km away from Town A. (a) 395 + 8 + 197 + 5 + 298 + 397 = 305 +5 434197 +34 2+ 298 +397 = 395 +5 43+ 197424298 +34 397 = 400 + 200 + 300 + 400 = 1300 (b) 9998 + 34+ 9949974449 = 9998 +2+14+9949974+341 +9 = 10000 + 100 + 1000 + 10 = 11110 {c) 9898 + 302 +779 + 331 = 9898 + 102 + 200 + 779 + 221 +110 10000 + 200 + 1000 + 110 11310 (a) 5678 + 543 + 123 + 477 = 8678 + 322 + 221 + 600 6000 + 221 + 600 = 6821 3x5 15 18 +12 = 27 5x6 = 25 9x5 = 45, 28 +12= 45 +12 = 57 5 |28) ‘a a7 87 zi iii. ie9. The first and last terms are 1 and 49 respectively. 3-122, 5-3=2,.. ‘The common difference between two consecutive odd numbers There are (25 ~ 2) pairs of 60. Sum of the numbers = 80 x 25 +2 50 = 2x 25 = 25 x 25 = 625 10. (a) 46 = (6 x 4) ~ (3 x 5) 24-15 9 (b) (5 8 3) (6 x 5) ~(3 x 3) 30-9 =21 21 20 = (6 x 21) ~(3 x 20) = 126 - 60 = 66 11, Aloysius 3 — Ta] 2 _—_—__ ih Benjani T9183 $150 + $40 - $10 ~ $10 = $190 ~ $20 $170 2 units = $170 T unit = §170 + 2 se5 $85 - $40 = $45 Aloysius has $45 at first. $150 ~ $45 = $105 Benjamin has $106 at first, 12. Distance to catch up —+ 50 m Difference in their speeds > 12 m/s ~ 7 m/s. = 5 ms 50m + 6 m/s = 10s The hound took 10 seconds to catch up with its, prey. 13, (a) 563 ~ 328 + 98 + 528 = 863 + 98 + 528 - 328 = 863 + 100-2 + 628 - 328 661 + 200 861 (b) 725 - 213 - 312 + 466 725 — (213 + 312) + 465 725 - 525 + 465 200 + 465 = 665 (c) 854 - (512 + 154) + 612 854-512 - 154 + 612 854 - 154 + 612-512 700 + 100 800 tel pea i ak et s: 2. (a) 785 ~ (285 ~ 634) - 234 785 ~ 285 + 634 - 234 500 + 400 5x7 35-6 15, The first and last terms are 2 and 100 respectively. 100 ~ 2 = 50, There are 50 numbers altogether in the sequence. 102 102 2444-498 + 100 50 + 2 = 26 (pairs of 102) ‘Sum of the numbers = 25 x 102 = 2550 2018 + 2019 + 2010 + 2011 8058 (b) 686 = 95 + 96 + 97 + 98 + 99 +100 + 101 Hence, the value of nis 7. a iit] So => { i J 16. (a) 2018 4 AY ‘There are 33 books on the bottom shelf. 33 +5 = 38 ‘There are 38 books on the middle shelf. 38 +11 = 49 ‘There are 49 books on the top shelf. 48. After 10 seconds, Cat 10s x 2m/s = 20m Rat > 10s x 1 m/s = 10m ‘The cat will be at Point B and the rat will be at Point C after 10 seconds. 10m a c= Rot 10 m| tom TOA B-Cot Remaining distance to catch up —» 10 m Difference in speed -» 2 m/s - 1 m/s = 1 mis Time taken to catch up the remaining distance 10m + 1 mis = 10s 10s + 10s = 20s ‘The cat will catch up with the rat in 20 seconds.19. la) 77 x6 + 11 =77+11%6 7x6 42 96 x9 +12 96 + 12x 9 Bx9 (by () (a) 20. (a) 12 + 16 26 + 24 50 - 28 Bx 18 = 144 =9 x 16 6 x 84 = 204 (2[34 204 + 12 = 1706117] 2048 22 26 Oo) T4243 4-499 + 100 101 ‘There are 100 numbers from 1 10 100. 100 + 2 = 50 (pairs of 101) ‘Sum of the numbers 24 = 60 x 101 = 5050 22. (a) 2019 + 2018 = 1R1 2019.6 2018 = 1 {b) 2000 + 300 = 6 R 200 2000 € 300 = 200 2019 = 200 = 10R 19 2019 © (2000 © 300) = 19 From the models, we know that Class 3A has 2 more students than Class 3C. 24, Difference in distance + 4m Difference in their speeds + 4m » 2s = 2mls Speed of the kingfisher —» 2 m/s + 1 m/s = 3 mis ‘The kingfisher is gliding at 3 m/s. 25. (a) 9 + 99 + 999 + 9999 + 99 999 10 + 100 + 1000 + 10000 + 100000 -5 111110-5 111.105 {Spore ata Pabedan ey Chow term terms 27. 29. 30, (b) 28 + 298 + 2998 + 29 998 + 299 998 = 30 + 300 + 3000 + 30000 + 300000 - 10 833 330 - 10 333 320 worms Teztae~ ee teerxe +? ona = 36 Fence, the 26th tem is 8 Thorfore, the 36th tr ie ‘The common difference is 4. 99-95 =4=11-7=7-3 There are 97 numbers from 3 to 99. 96 +4 = 24 2441 = 25 There are 25 numbers with a common difference of 4 from 3 to 99. (3 + 99) x 25 +2 = 102 x 25 +2 = 102 + 2x 25 = 51 x 25 = 1278 (2x 4-244 (8-244 =644 0 fb) 3@5 = (3 x 5)-3 +5 15 ~ 3) +5 245 7 Let c, m and t be the amount of money Catherine, Molly and Tom have respectively. co +m = 320 m + t= 360 tte = 240 ctotm+ma4tst = $320 + $360 + $240 = $920 c +m +t = $920 + 2 = $460 t = $460 - $320 = $140 Tom has $140. ¢ = $460 - $360 = $100 Catherine has $100. m = $460 ~ $240 = $220 Molly has $220. ‘The distance Mark travelled more than Nigel was the circumference of the circular track. Difference in their speeds > 220 m/min ~ 180 m/min = 40 m/min Distance to catch up > 30 min x 40 m/min = 1200 m The circumference of the track was 1200 m re er31. (a) 42 x 34 4 68 x 34 34 x (42 + 58) 34 x 100 = 3400 (b) 37 x 54 + 63 x 54 = 54 x (37 + 63) 54 x 100 = 5400 (c) 156 x 32 - 56 x 32 32 x (156 - 66) 32 x 100 = 3200 (d) 233 x 46 - 133 x 46 = 46 x (233 ~ 133) = 46 x 100 = 4600 32. The first number of the 100th term is 100. The 100th term is (100, 300, 303). 100 + 300 + 303 = 703, ‘The sum of the three numbers in the 100th term is 703, 33. There are 196 numbers from § to 200. 195 + 5 = 39 39 +1 = 40 ‘There are 40 multiples of 6 from 6 to 200. (8 + 200) x 40 + 2 = 205 x 20 4100 34. (a) 5¥#6=5 x 6-6 +6) 30-11 19 Wh 944=3x4-044) 12-7 8 8#5=8 x 5-(8 + 5) 40-13 Ia 98, ease Se ‘They bought 22 footballs. 2x22 =44 They bought 44 basketballs. 22-5 =17 They bought 17 volleyballs. 36. Total distance to travel > 1200 m+ 200 m = 1400 m 1400 m = 20 mis = 70s It takes 70 seconds to pass a bridge that is 1200 m long. © Spoor Ata bles Lid aad Tey Chew 37. la) 999 x 222 + 333 x 334 333 x 3 x 222 + 333 x 334 333 x 666 + 333 x 334 333 x (666 + 334) 333 x 1000 = 333 000 (b) 999 x 778 + 333 x 666 = 999 x 778 + 333 x 3 x 222 = 999 x 778 + 999 x 222 999 x (778 + 222) 999 x 1000 = 999 000 38. The next term is the sum of the previous term and the digits of the previous term 16+14+6=23 234243=28 2B +248 38 +348 494449 ‘The 6th term is 62. 39. First term + 18 x 7 Last term — 28 x 7 ‘There are 92 numbers from 105 to 196. 917-13 +1214 ‘There are 14 multiples of 7 from 105 to 196. (105 + 196) x 14 + 2= 301 x 1442 = 2107 ‘The sum of all multiples of 7 between 100 and 200 is 2107, 40. (a) 348 B+ 445464748494 10411 Beix9+2 14x9+2 14+2x9 7x9 63 b) 823-8494 10411 9x2 38 41. 64-53 =11 ‘The difference between their ages is 11 years. ax4—12 However, the actual difference should be 12. Hence we can conclude that the youngest brother was not born then, 12-11=1 3-122 ‘The brother is 2 years old now. 242-4 ‘The sister is 4 years old now. 64-2-4= 58 58-2 = 56 56 = 2 = 28 ‘The mother is 28 years old now. 28 + 2= 30 The fathor is 30 years old now. Gh ay+640 m = 4 min 1160 m/min their speads > 640 m + 16 min = 40 m/min savy 7} = | 00 ) ¥ ce [mo 160 m/min ~ 40 m/min = 120 rnfmin 120 mimin + 2 = 60 mimin 60 mimin + 40 m/min = 100 mfmin Betty's jogging speed is 100 mimin 640 m » 100 mimin = 6.4 min Betty took 6.4 minutes to run one round of the track. 99 999 x 12 345 = (100 000 - 1) x 12.345 1 234 500 000 ~ 12 345 = 1234 487 655 42. Combined speed Difference i 43, 44, Observe the pattern carefully. Ast term —» 121 2nd term + 12 321 8rd term — 1 234 321 4th term — 123 454 321 8th term — 12 345 654 321 45.14 2434-449 + 60 (1 + 60) x 50 + 2 51 x 25 1275 14H 243ee 142434~ 1275 ~ 60 +49 +49 + 50-60 +49 +50 +494 1278 + 1225 2500 “34241 46. (a) The last term is 7 ~ 5 = 2. TR5=7T+64+5444342 (b) Use the guess-and-check method. lfm = 6, the last term is 6 ~ 4 64+5444342=2x8+4 0 Therefore, m 196 = 14 x 14 Each side of the big square is 14 em long, 36=6x6 Each side of the small square is 6 cm long. <_lom > a7. 36 14-6=8 B:224 The width of each rectangle is 4 em. si 5. 48. Difference in the distance travelled = 480 m - 420 m 60m Difference in the time taken + 30 s ~ 27 3s (a) 60m + 35 = 20mis. The speed of the train is 20 m/s. (b) 27s x 20 mis ~ 420 m = 540 m~ 420 m = 120m or 30s x 20 m/s ~ 480 m = 600 m = 480 m 120 m ‘The length of the train is 120 m. 49. 333 333 x 333 333 933 933 x 3.x 111111 999 999 x 111 111 (1.000 000 ~ 1) x 111.111 111111 000 000 = 111111 = 111 110 888 889 0 G2 ezsaa 13 5 digit digits digits 234.321 7 digits 2 3.4,5,6,7,6,5,4,3,2, 1] 13 digits When the digit 7 first appears, 1434547494114 13=49 There are 49 digits. 23,46, 6, 7)8, 7 digits 49 +7 = 56 ‘There are 56 digits before the digit 8 first appears in the number sequence. 50. 51. 100-96 =4 94-90 = 4 46-42 =4 40-36 = 4 Each number sentence has a difference of 4. 100-94 = 6 46-40 =6 The difference between every two sentences is 6. 100 - 40 = 60 60 +6 =10 1O+1=11 ‘There are 11 number sentences altogether. 11x 4= 44 ‘The answer is 44, number 52. a (aOb) = ax (a +b) Using guess-and-check method, 5 x 12 5 x (6 +7)