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    Maths Olympiad Training Book Level 6

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    MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD TRAINING BOOK EL 6 (12-13 years) ER Erelwter-tu (ony Mathematical Olympiad Training Book Level 6 Firs Editon 2019 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd and Terry Chew Published ond Disibted by Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 219 Henderson Road #10-04 Henderson Industeal Park Singapore 159536, ‘Tel 65 6276 8280 Fan: #65 62968292 ail: infosa@saperpcom ‘Website: wo saperpcom Facebook: Singapore-Asia-Pu hers ALL RIGHTS RESERV! Allright reserved. No par ofthis publication may be reproduced stored in @retival ssl or tanzmited many {form or by ay means, electron, mechanical, photocopying. recording or others, withou the prior permision of the publishers ISBNS 97B-981-32-1953.9 SBNIO | 981-9241753.7 Prine in Singapore SAP Global Partners? Network: tig & Barbuda ‘Grenade Nigeria Sei Lanka Australia Guyana Paton Syria Bahrain India Papas New Guinea Tanzania ‘Bangladesh Indonesia Pens “Thailand Barbados Janaica Philipines “Trinidad & Tobego Botan Japan Poland United Arab Emirates Botsana Kenya Portgst United Kingdoms Brat Laos tr United States of America Branch Lebanon Rwanda ‘Vietnam Cambodia Malawi Saint Lain Zambia Canada Malaysia Ssin Vincent & the Grenadines Zimbabwe Chile Maldives Saudi Arabia Ching Mouritue Seycheles Colombia Myanmar Singapore Eeypt Namibia Solomon Islands Fi Nepat Sout Aes hone New Zealand South Korea For international business enquiries, email ibg@sapgrp.com FOREWORD At the time of penning, there are some 25 000 students from 14 Southeast Asia countries as well as the Greater Asia regions taking part in the 3% SEAMO, or Southeast Asian Mathematical Olympiad. Since its inception in 2016, SEAMO has seen the number of students for this competition growing at an exponential rate Mr Roy Lo, the Communications Director for SEAMO, once cajoled me: “Terry, imagine some students whom you don’t know, from regions you don’t know (referring to some villages of Indonesia), coached by teachers you don’t know, are practising on the questions you have helped to compile.” The objectives of this series, Mathematical Olympiad Training Book, Terry Chew are two-fold. Firstly, itis written for students from different countries preparing for SEAMO, which takes place in August each year. SEAMO X, which serves as the second and final round, will take place in January the following year. The first SEAMO X will take place January, 2019. Secondly, whether locally or overseas, students are increasingly exposed to non-routine real world Mathematics problems. There is a large overlap of MO type of questions and syllabus~ based ones, especially in Area and Perimeter of Circle, Ratio, Speed, Average, Number Pattern, just to name a few. Since the release of Maths Olympiad - Unleash the Maths Olympian In You, more vigorous approaches and varied methodologies to problem solving have also been adopted by schools locally for practice. It should be emphasised, though, that the MO type of mathematical problems dwell further and deeper. Looking at the trends set forth by the Ministry of Education, in the context of Singapore and especially at primary school levels, increasingly more MO type of mathematical problems are incorporated into important national examinations to help promote the critical thinking faculty of children’s minds. ‘Thus, Mathematical Olympiad Training Book also serves as an ideal platform for those who are seeking, beyond a set of rigid practice, the following: * critical thinking skills through solving MO type of questions, which are normally trickier and tougher} * greater exposure and experience in solving MO type of problems; and + creative methodologies and elegant solutions to mathematical problems: working backwards, solving by assuming, replacement method, substitution method, etc. 1am most fortunate and feel extremely honoured to be able to persevere in a field I still enjoy so much. In my university days, one professor once said to our class: “When a student works hard 100%, I will work hard 200% for him/her.” That has since become my motto, both in writing and coaching young children. C)a~ Terry Chew, 2019 oe ey OLIALVIRY SOUTHEAST ASIAN MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD Southeast Asian Mathematical Olympiad (SEAMO) is a unique assessment platform originating from Singapore and presided over by Mr Terry Chew, the author of the celebrated book series “Unleash the Maths Olympian in You”. The Singapore Maths curriculum places strong emphasis on Critical Thinking Skills as part of its 21st Century Core Competencies, Students must be able to make connections and think outside the box in order to be successful in school and at the workplace. With this vision in mind, SEAMO has grown to become the most highly acclaimed Maths Olympiad competition in the region. Over the years, SEAMO has established a wide network of Maths Olympians across S. E. Asia, which knowledge, skills and culture are shared. Hundreds of thousands of eager young minds have received encouragement and recognition as they grow their passion for mathematics. With competition papers suitable for all levels, SEAMO aims to stretch the capabilities of its candidates one bite-sized step at a time and in tandem with the school mathematics curriculum. A reward-driven awarding structure also serves to motivate candidates and eliminate the belief that ‘only geniuses can win’. As stated on every certificate, This certificate recognises your outstanding attitude towards accepting mathematical Challenges; for representing your country among thousands from the region and beyond; and for your everlasting passion for mathematics. Active and dedicated participants will in turn emerge with confidence and a robust mindset towards problem-solving, which will in turn drive them to conquer more difficult challenges ahead. Every SEAMO candidate is a winner. Are you ready? on SEAMO, visit us at seam 2. 3. What is the value of the digit in the ones place of the following? Tx3x5x7x9x11x 13x... x 2017 x 2019 4, Evaluate 1424344464 Seven identical dominoes of size 1 cm by 2m and with identical faces on both sides are arranged to cover a rectangle of size 2m x 7 cm. One possible arrangement shown below. Find the total number of ways in which the rectangle can be covered by the seven dominoes. a Among 64 students, 28 of them like Science, 41 like Mathematics and 20 like English. 24 of them like both Mathematics and English. 12 students like both Science and English. 10 students like both Science and Mathematics. How many students like all the three subjects? 6474+ 6+5s4434241 TITTTTT & TITITTT There are 5 dots on line A and 8 dots on line B. A ee ae Find the total number of triangles that can be formed using any 3 dots as their vertices. a 12-2? + 32-4 + 8. Jonathan and Cindy run on a circular track where AB is the diameter of the track, as shown below fo \ {? if Jonathan and Cindy run towards each other at the same time from Point A and Point B respectively, it will take them 40 seconds before they meet. If they start running at the same time but in the same direction, it will take Jonathan 280 seconds to catch up with Cindy. What is the ratio of their speeds? Find the value of + + 2017? - 20182, Between 1 and 2018, how many numbers are multiples of 5 or 7? The sum of the digits of a 3-digit number is 18. The tens digit is 1 more than the ones digit. If the hundreds Jit and the ones digits are swapped, the difference between the new number and the original number is 396. What is the original number? 10. Evaluate (1 + 5 +2) x (4 +t+4) -(14 54 $44) (Z + g)usinga simple method 15. Find the value of the following 20172018 x 20182017 - 20172017 x 20182018 11. (a) Choose any three letters from a, b, ¢, and d. In how many ways can we arrange the three letters? {b) A teacher wants to choose a captain and vice-captain among 12 volleyball players. In how many ways can he do so? 2 3 3 4 1 1 1,4 16. Evaluate 293 x $ + 395 x 3+ 494 x E. 17. How many 3-digit numbers have the sum of the three digits equalling to 4? 12. A car travelled to Town B from Town A at a constant speed of 72 km/h. It then returned from Town B to Town A at a constant speed of 48 km/h. What was the average speed of the car for the whole journey? 43. Lucas multiplies his month of birth by 31 He then multiplies his day of birth by 12. The sum of the two products is 213. When is his birthday? 14, In the figure below, E and F are midpoints of AD and DC respectively. ABCD is a rectangle. Find the area of the shaded region. Sgipre Ada acs Ps dad Try Chow 18. A car will travel from Town A to Town B. If it travels at a constant speed of 60 km/h, then it will arrive at 3.00 pm. If it travels at a constant speed of 80 kmih, then it will arrive at 1.00 pm. At what speed should it be travelling if the driver aims to arrive at Town B at 2.00 pm? 19. A big box can hold 48 marbles. A small box can hold 30 marbles. Find the number of big boxes and the number of small boxes that can hold a total of 372 marbles. 20. In the figure below, the area of three circles, A, Band C, are 40 cm?, 50 cm? and 60 cm? respectively. Given that a + d = 12cm’, b +d = 14 cm’, ¢ +d = 16 cm? and d = 8 cm, find the area of the whole figure. 21, The sum of two numbers is 88. The product of the two numbers is 1612. What are the two numbers? 22. Evaluate 1 1 1 (1434344) (5+ 1 1 1 (V+ pehede using a simple method. 23. How many ways are there to reach B from A? Only movements —, t and 7 are allowed. 24. A tourist was travelling to a town that was 60 km away. He walked at a speed of 6 km/h at first. Then, he hitched a ride on a scooter travelling at 18 km/h, He arrived at the town 4 hours from the time he set off. How long had he walked? 26. A survey was conducted on 250 students regarding their preferred school activities: badminton, volleyball and basketball. 140 of them liked badminton, 120 of them liked volleyball and 100 of them liked basketball. 40 of them liked both badminton and volleyball, but not basketball. 20 of them liked badminton and basketball, but not volleyball. How many liked both volleyball and basketball, but not badminton, given 10 liked all three activities? 27. A contractor has 1088 square tiles. In how many ways can he form a rectangle using all the tiles each time? 28. Evaluate Tx2x 94 2x4 x649x6"9 tu. + 100% 200% 200 Tee Se a a 800 8S by factorising. 29. In the figure below, how many triangles can be formed using any three points as the vertices? 25. Two fruit baskets contain some oranges. If an orange is transferred from the first basket to the second basket, then both baskets will have the same number of oranges. If an orange is transferred from the second basket to the first basket, then the number of oranges in the first basket becomes thrice ‘the number of oranges in the second basket. How many oranges are in each basket at first? 30. A fighter plane had enough fuel to last a 6-hour flight. The speed of wind and the speed of the plane made up a total of 1500 km/h when the plane was flying in the direction of the wind during its mission On its return trip, the total speed was reduced to 1200 km/h as the plane was travelling against the wind. How far could the plane travel before it made its return? 31, Julie asked her teacher, "How old were you in 2008?" “My age in 2008 was the sum of all the digits of my year of birth,” replied the teacher. How old was the teacher in 20087 32. In the figure below, the side of the square is 14 cm. The radii of the two quadrants are 7 cm and 14 cm respectively. A and B represent the areas of the two shaded ragions. Find (A - B). (Take x = 22.) 14,em 36. During a school walkathon, Alan completed the first half of the journey at a speed of 4.5 km/h. He then finished the second half of the journey at a speed of 6.5 km/h. On the other hand, Benny walked at a speed of 4.5 km/h for the first half of the time taken. He then completed the remaining journey at 5.5 km/h. Who would arrive at the finishing line first? 37. Don and Andy have some marbles. If Don gives some marbles to Andy, then the number of marbles that Don has is twice what Andy has. If Andy gives the same number of marbles to Don, the number of marbles that Don has is 4 times what Andy has. How many marbles does each of them have at first? 38. In the figure below, AB = 20 cm, AD = 10 cm and the area of quadrilateral EFGH is 33, For 12 + 2? + 32 +... + n?, we can 16 cm? Ce a eae Find the total area of the shaded regions. the value of 1? + 27 + 37 +... + 152 Ff a ee 34. Evaluate 1234667! 12345677 x 12345679" D E c 35. Let m = 2° - n?, where n 1, 2, 3, we 2019. How many values of m are there so that m is divisible by 6? 39. Alice, Bernard and Colin draw 3 cards each from nine cards numbered from 1 to 9. Alice: The product of my numbers is 48. Bernard: The sum of my numbers is 15. Colin: The product of my numbers is 63. Find the three cards that each of them draws. 2 2 1 40. Evaluate 314 eae arg x $+ std a 5 x5 t lp x & 41. A staircase has 10 steps. How many ways are there for Tommy to walk from the first step to the 10th step if either 2 or 3 steps are taken each time? 42. A car travels from Town A to Town B at a constant speed. If it increases its speed by 20%, then it can arrive one hour ahead of schedule. If it increases its speed by 25% after travelling the first 120 km at the usual speed, then it can arrive 36 minutes ahead of schedule. Find the distance between Town A and Town B 43. A small hotel has 12 rooms that can accommodate a total of 80 guests. A big room can accommodate 8 persons and a mid-sized room can accommodate 7 persons. 5 persons can stay in a small room. How many big, mid-sized and small rooms ate there in the hotel? 44, The numbers from 1 to 200 that are not multiples of 3 or 5 are arranged from the smallest to the largest. Find the 95" number. Maren Oven Book Level 45. David misread the ones digit of a number Aand the product of A and B became 407. Sophia misread the tens digit of A and the product of A and B became 451. Find the value of A x B. | 46. Two different numbers are to be chosen from the set {11, 12, 13, ..., 33} so that the sum of these two numbers is an even number, Find the number of ways to choose the two numbers 47. Find the number of digits in 4°" x 5®. 48. A journalist needs to travel to another country. He can choose to drive for 15 hours and then travel the remaining journey by train for another 20 hours. Otherwise, he can drive for 8 hours and then travel the | remaining journey by train for another 34 hours. How many hours must he drive, at least, if he chooses to drive for the whole journey and given that the time spent is a whole number? 49. Rachel read 30 books in 30 days during the summer holidays. She could either read 3 fiction books in a day or 2 non-fiction books in the same day. It would take her 3 days to finish reading a bibliography. How many fiction and non-fiction books respectively did she read if she read 7 bibliographies? 50. A survey was conducted on 100 students | 54. In the 1950s, a train took 15.6 hours to in the beginning of the year. travel from Town A to Town B. The speed The findings are as follows: of the train was increased by 30% in the 66 students liked Mathematics. 1960s. Into the 1970s, the speed was 38 students liked English. further increased by another 20%. How 52 students liked Selence. many hours did the train take to travel 6 students liked both Mathematics and from Town A to Town Bin the 1970s? English. 4 students liked both English and Science. + 12 students liked all the three subjects. 7 55, Uncle Richard’s phone number contains 8 (e) How many students liked batt different digits. The sum of the number Mathematics and Science? formed by the first 5 digits and the number (hI. How many students liked only formed by the last 3 digits is 68 427, The Mathematics? sum of the number formed by the first 3 digits and the number formed by the last 5 digits is 36 090. What is Uncle Richard's phone number? 51. Mr Johnson’s mobile phone number has 7 digits. The number is a product of a series of consecutive prime numbers. The last 4. digits of the number is the product of 10 | 56 How many numbers from 1 to 2019 are and the first 3 digits ‘of tha number. Find multiples of 2, but are not divisible by 3 or his mobile phone number. ae 87. In a Fibonacci sequence, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ..., starting from the third term, the sum of the previous two terms makes the next term. Find the remainder when the 2008th term is divided by 3. + + 58. Evaluate 5+ + 53. How many ways are there to reach B from A using movements in the directions of using a sit —, Tand 7 only? 1+ 34+547 2+4+6+8 imple method. B 59. Palindromes are numbers that read the same forward and backwards. Examples of palindromes are 12321 and 24642, How many 6-digit palindromes are even numbers? 60. An athlete ran up the staircases of a building as part of his training programme. If he ran up the building at first and then walked the last 24 steps, it would take him 28 seconds. If he ran up the building at first and then walked the last 36 steps, it would take him 30 seconds. How many steps were there on the staircases? 61. Acar and a truck departed at the same time [~~ from Town A and Town B respectively They travelled towards each other with a speed ratio of 5 : 4. After they passed each other, the car reduced its speed by 20% and the truck increased its speed by 20%. When the car arrived at Town B, the truck was still 16 km away from Town A. How far was Town A from Town B? 62. A PE teacher bought 5 footballs and 7 basketballs for $790. He then bought another 8 footballs and 6 basketballs for $900. How much was a football and a basketball respectively? 63. If 3a78b is divisible by 36, find all possible values of 3a78b. 64. In the least number of times, divide 80 ml of liquid in a measuring cup into two equal portions, using only two measuring cups with capacity of 50 ml and 30 ml respectively. 65. Find the digit represented by each letter given that no digit is a zero E 66. In which row and column is 2009 in the number pattern below? A B Cc DE 12 3 4 8 7 6 5 WW 9 10 12 67. The speeds of a car and a truck were 75 km/h, and 50 km/h respectively. They left Town A at the same time for Town B. The car passed an oncoming van 6 hours later. 1.5 hours after that, the truck and the same van passed each other. Find the speed of the lorry. 68. In the figure below, the shaded region is a square. Find the perimeter of rectangle ABCD. A 69. The last 4 digits of the product of 725 x 835 x 932 x m is 0000. Find the smallest value of m. 70. In the number pattern below, find the 6th and 7th terms. 17, 27, 40, ( 6, 10, 71. Find the value of the digit represented by each letter, given that each letter must represent a different digit. ie oA Bcla x D EEEEEE 72. 2009 rescue parcels are distributed to 11 regions affected by the earthquake, The order of distribution is shown below. Region 1, Region 3, Region 6, Region 8, Region 11, Region 2, Region 5, Region 7, Which region will get the last parcel? 73. Acar travelled towards Town B from Town A. Avan headed to Town A from Town Bat the same time. They met each other 80 km from the midway of the two towns. The speed of the car was 1.4 times that of the van. Find the distance between the two towns. 74. There are four Level Six classes in a school. The number of students in Class 6B, 6C and 6D is 122. The number of students in Class 6A, 6B and 6C is 123. The number of students in Class 6B and Class 6C is 2 less than the number of students in Class GA and Class 6D. What is the total number of students in Level Six? 75. A farmer has a certain number of eggs. If he counts the eggs in groups of 3, there will be a remaining of 2 eggs. If he counts the eggs in groups of 4, 3 eggs will remain. The remainders will be 5 and 6 respectively if the farmer counts the eggs in groups of 6 and 7 respectively. How many eggs, at least, does the farmer have? 76. A basketball is passed among Melvin, Nigel, Owen and Patrick for a total of 4 times. It starts with Melvin and ends with him as well. How many ways are there to pass the ball? 77. What is the value of the digit represented by each letter? AB fa) 78. Study the number pattern below 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 WwW 120«130=«14 18 (a) What is the 3rd number from the left in the 10th row? (b) What is the position of the number 20097 79. A scooter and a van set off at the same time from Town A and Town B respectively and travel towards each other. They meet 5 hours later at Town C. If the scooter maintains its speed and the speed of the van increases by 8 km/h from the start of the journey, they will meet 14 km from Town C. If the van maintains its speed and the scooter increases its speed by 8 km/h from the start of the journey, they will meet 22 km from Town C. What is the speed of the scooter? 80. Mr Kirchner has a certain number of tables. Mr Shapiro has a certain number of chairs. Mr Shapiro needs to pay Mr Kirchner $320 if he exchanges all his chairs with all of Mr Kirchner’s tables. If he chooses not to pay, then he gets 5 tables less in return. The cost of 5 chairs is $48 more than the price of 3 tables. How many chairs does Mr Shapiro have? 81. A piece of rectangular land has width 75 m and length 120 m. It is to be divided into a number of smaller identical square plots of land for planting purposes. {a) What is the length of the side of each square? {b) How many such squares can be attained without leaving any parts of the land out? 82. Five tasks are to be completed by two teams in the shortest possible time. Each task requires inputs from Team A and is then followed by Team B. The number of hours needed by each team in each task are as follows ca a Devise a plan to complete the tasks in the shortest possible time. 83. My Social Identity Number is a 6-digit number that starts with 1, When I move the digit 1 to the ones place, the new 6-digit number is thrice the original number. What is my Social Identity Number? 84, In the number sequence below, find the number of fractions before 45. 85. Car A and Car B left Town A for Town B at 60 km/h and 70 km/h respectively. At the same time, Car C left Town B for Town A at 80 km/h. Car C passed Car A 1.5 hours after it passed Car B. Find the distance between Town A and Town B. 86. 1 US Dollar (USD) can be exchanged for 15 000 Vietnam Dong (VD) on a particular day. 80 USD can be exchanged for 120 Singapore Dollars (S$) on the same day. How much S$ can 20000 VD be exchanged for on that day? 87. When the three numbers 1238, 1596 and 2491 are divided by a positive integer n, the remainders are all equal to n. Find the value of (m + n). 88. Two glasses contain 140 ml of milk each. Half of the milk in the first glass is poured into the second glass. After that, 3 of the milk in the second glass is poured back into the first glass. + of milk in the first glass is then poured into the second glass again, and so on. What is the volume of milk in each glass after pouring 100 times? 89. The ones digit of a 6-digit number is 7. The product of this 6-digit number by 5 is a 6-digit number that begins with 7. The rest of the 5 digits of the product equal the first 5 digits of the original number. Find the 6-digit number. 90. Find the sum of all the digits in Vi WT x 1 111 207 1's 91. A car left Town A for Town B. At the same time, a truck left Town B for Town. A. They passed each other 80 km from Town A. Each of them made a U-turn upon reaching its destination and travelled in the opposite direction. They then passed each other again 34 km from Town B. How far was Town B from Town A? 92. A triathlete walks for 1 km, runs for the next 2 km and cycles for the last 3 km. He can cycle twice as fast as he runs and runs twice as fast as he walks. The total time for the three activities is 12.5 minutes more than if he has cycled for the whole journey. How much time does he take for each activity? 93. A string of 3 digits is written after the number 1992 to form a 7-digit number, which can be divided by 2, 3, 5 and 11. Find the smallest possible value of the 7-digit number. 94. In a rush to finish the last question on addition, little Kevin miswrote the ones digit “5” as “6”. He further miswrote the tens digit “8” as “3”, As a result, he got an answer of 234. What should the answer be? iii ah a 95. Melvin's mobile phone number is an 8-digit number where each digit is different. The sum of the number formed by the first 5 digits and the number formed by the last 3 digits is 97079. The sum of the number formed by the last 6 digits and the number formed by the first 3 digits is 22325. What is his mobile phone number? 96. There are 11, 8, 6 and 5 cars in carparks A, B, C and D respectively. 3 cars from the carpark with the most cars are driven away and each car then parks in each of the other carparks. How many cars are there in each carpark after the 2009" reshuffling? 97. A circular plastic tube has a circumference of 128 cm. Two ants start their journeys from both ends of an imaginary diameter and travel towards each other. After travelling for 1 second, both ants begin to travel in the opposite direction for 2 seconds. After that, they travel in the opposite direction again for 3 seconds, and so on. When do the two ants meet given that their speeds are 4.5 cm/s and 3.5 omis respectively? 1 1 98. Julie has 5 boxes of chocolates. Tamara has 4 bags of gummies. The total cost of all the items is $44. The cost of 4 boxes of chocolates and a bag of gummies equal the cost of 3 bags of gummies and a box of chocolates. Find the cost of a box of chocolates and a bag of gummies. 99. A full score on a Mathematics competition was 120 marks. Isabelle took part in the category for 11- to 12-year-olds. The product of her age, her ranking in the competition and her score was 2808. How well did she do in the competition? 100. The sum of three whole numbers, A, B and C, is 100. The quotient and remainder are 5 and 1 respectively when A is divided by B or when C is divided by A. What are the values of A, B and C? 101. The digit 6 is placed in front of a 3-digit number, abc, to form a 4-digit number. The sum of the 4-digit number and 300 is 8 times the original 3-digit number. Find abe 102, How many hexagons are there in the 12" pattern? OO 103. Uncle Tony’s friend, who is driving, will pick him up for work at 8.00 am every day. On a particular morning, Uncle Tony decides to walk. He starts to walk at 7.30 am, but his friend picks him at some point in the journey. They arrive at the office 6 minutes earlier than their usual arrival time. {a) At what time does Uncle Tony meet his friend? (b) What is the ratio of the speed of the car to Uncle Tony's walking speed? 104. Mr Sullivan bought 5 buns and 2 sausages for $18.50 from a stall last week. He bought 8 buns and 4 sausages from the same stall again this week for $32. (a) How much was a bun? (b) How much was a sausage? 105. The product of the ages of 4 boys is 5040. Ais older than B by a year. B is older than C by a year. Cis older than D by a year. How old is the eldest boy? 106. In a sporting event, 4, 3, 2 and 1 points respectively are awarded to athletes who come in the 1st, 2nd and so on. The four events are high-jump, long-jump, 100-m run and 200-m run. The score obtained is the sum of the points for each event. The second and third runners-up have the same score. The third runner-up bagged the 100 m event. The scores for the champion and the first runner-up are both even numbers. The champion comes in first in highjump_ and long-jump. The score obtained by the third runner-up is an odd number. Find the score of each athlete. 107. Given that abede + edeba at+b+e+dt+e 98889, find 108. A pair of adult rabbits reproduces a pair of young rabbits each month. Suppose that a pair of young rabbits takes 2 months to become productive, how many pairs of rabbits will there be by the end of December if there is a pair of young rabt in January? 109. Abel and Bryan started swimming from the opposite sides of a pool. Abel was swimming at a constant speed of 1 m/s and Bryan was swimming at 0.75 mis. {a) How long did it take Abel to catch up with Bryan if the pool is 50 m long? {b) How many times would they have passed each other when Abel caught up with Bryan? 110. Mr Carlo paid $51 for 5 scotch tapes, 6 fountain pens and 2 erasers. Ms Parkin paid $52 for 6 scotch tapes, 5 fountain pens and 4 erasers. What was the price of each item if a scotch tape and a fountain pen cost $8? 111. The sum of a 4-digit number and its palindromic pair is 9658. The in the tens place is 2 more than the digit in the ones place. The digit in the ones place is greater than the digit in the hundreds place by 1. Find the 4-digit number. 112A District Basketball League adopts a loser-out system. In other words, a team will get to enter the next round only it it wins. The team will never get to play again in the league if it loses. How many matches are played altogether if 16 teams. take part in the league? 113. A classic cryptarithm was published in July 1924. It goes as follows: S END +MORE MONEY Can you decode it given that each letter represents a different digit? 114. A certain type of date recording system begins with the year, followed by the month and the day. For example, 090201 means 1 February 2009. How many days are there in 1991 where all the 6 digits are different? 115. One of the two buses hired for an outing broke down. The only bus left had to juggle between two groups of students. The first group of students could walk at a speed of 3 km/h and the second group of students could walk at 4 km/h. Find the ratio of the distance covered by the two groups of students so that both groups arrived at the destination in the shortest possible time. Assume that the bus travelled at a constant speed of 60 km/h. 116. A total of 100 students sat for a Mathematics test, The average score of all the students was 64, The average score for the boys was 60 and the average score for the girls was 70. How many more boys than girls were there? 117.A string of whole numbers is written as follows: 123456789101112131415 ... Find the first string of such whole numbers that is divisible by 72. 118. A public bus is to stop at 12 bus-stops. At each bus-stop, except for the first stop, one passenger who boarded the bus from the previous stop|s) alights. For example, 2 commuters, one from the 1st stop, one from the 2nd stop, alight at the 3rd stop. How many seats, at least, must the bus have? Assume that every passenger is to be seated 119. Mr Jones’ car license plate number has 4 digits. When the first digit is moved to the ones place, the new number is greater than the original number by 2925. What is his car license plate number? 120. is 4 yg Ns 22 —» 25 —» 28 +31 In the figure above, the first corner of the triangular spiral number pattern is taken to be 7. Find the number at the 20” corner. (ga aif | 121. Evaluate 1358 + 2150 x 733 122. Evaluate 13 tO ToD 123. 5 times Harry's age equals 4 times Paul's age. 9 years later, 8 times Harry's age equals 7 times Paul's age. How old is Harry now? 124, When a whole number n is multiplied by 13, the last three digits of the product is 123. Find the smallest possible value of n. 425. Nigel and Pierre are having a training regime ina park. Nigel starts running from Point A to Point B. At the same time, Pierre starts running from Point B to Point A. They keep running between the two points and meet each other 6 times along the way. How many single trips will Pierre cover given that Nigel can run thrice as fast as him? 126. The scores of six students who took part in a Mathematics quiz were recorded. "¥” indicates a question that was correctly answered What was the score of participant F? | Participant | Score (points) 26 127. In the figure below, the area of the square embedded in the circle is 50 cm?. Find the area of the circle. (Take x = 3.14) — 128. Mr Jones’ house number is a 4-digit number. He notices the palindrome of his house number is 7263 bigger than the house number. The tens digit of the original house number is twice the hundreds digit. What is his house number? 429. There were 5 Saturdays in the month of March a few years ago. The sum of their dates was 80. On which day of the week was 9 March that year? 130. Factory A and Factory B produce the same type of gloves and boots that are sold as a set. Factory A produces gloves for 20 days and moves on to manufacture boots for the remaining 10 days. It produces a total of 480 sets at the end of the month. Factory B produces gloves for 14 days and manufactures boots for the remaining 16 days. It produces 560 sets in total at the end of the month. What is the maximum number of sets that the two factories can produce in 30 days after they merge? 4131. In the figure below, a rectangle is formed using 12 thumbtacks. Every two thumbtacks are 10 cm apart. A piece of string is used to form triangles of area 300 cm? using any three points. Find the number of such triangles. 132. Lucas told his friend: "The product of my ranking, my score based on a full mark of 100, and my age in the competition is 2280." (a) How old was Lucas? (b) What was his ranking in the competition? 133. James needs to purchase 4 $1-stamps. He tells the cashier that he wants the 4 stamps. to be joined together. In how many ways. can the cashier deliver this special request, from the stamps in the figure below? ay 8 | ees s/s] a 134. What are the last two digits of 2019 x 2019? 135. Three policemen were honing their shooting skills at a firing range. Their score boards were then sent for analysis. ~ (Pr La ooo Matthew: I have the highest score! J have 20 points more than Leon. My score is 320. 1am the marksman of the day. 1am 40 points ahead of Leon. Leon has 20 points more than Matthew. Aghh! | have to better my 300 points. Matthew has good potential. Jason's score of 360 points is remarkable! Jason: Leon: One of the statements made by the policemen was false. Find their actual scores. 136. The ratio of a father's age to his son's age is 5: 1. The ratio becomes 2 : 1 fifteen years later. How old is each of them now? 137. Uncle Philip bought 1000 shares of an IT company. Shortly, the share price dropped by 20%. Find the percentage increase that must occur before he can sell the shares to break even. 138.The number of black beads is + more than the number of white beads. It is, however, ¢ less than the number of red beads. What is the ratio of the number of white beads to the number of black beads to the number of red beads? nee ee ee | 139. In the figure below, ABCD is a trapezium. ‘The length of CD is twice that of AB. Draw lines to divide it into 4 equal trapeziums. A vo 140. It takes a team of workers 30 days to pave a new road that is $3600 m long, Another team of workers takes 45 days to complete the same task. How many days does it take to complete the same task if both teams work together? 141.What is the angle formed by the minute hand and the hour hand of a clock at 12.30 pm? 142.The ratio of a mother's age to her daughter's age is 6 : 1. The ratio becomes 2: 1 twenty years later. How old is each of them now? 143. The sales results of 4 items in June is tabulated as follows: | Marked T Number of % increased in ‘marked price 10% [Backer 103 | What was the profit made? Express your answer as a percentage to the nearest whole number. 144, It takes Dave, Elaine and Florence 60 min, 50 min and 40 min respectively to finish an assignment. 185 such assignments are given to them. How many assignments should each of them take so that all of them can finish the assignment at the same time? 145.A rectangle that has a width of 15 cm and a length of 36 cm is rotated about a point along a straight line as shown below. A a B Find the length of the path travelled by Point A given that the diagonal of the rectangle is 39 cm. (Take x = 3.14) 146. Abel can finish a Science project in 12 hours. Beatrice takes 8 hours to complete the same project. Abel works on it for 4 hours before passing it over to Beatrice who works on it for another 2 hours. How long more do they need to complete the remaining task together? 147. What is the angle formed by the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at 6.08 pm? 148. The sum of the ages of Jonathan's parents is 8 times his age. The sum of his parents’ age is 5 times his age 9 years later. How old is his father if he is 2 years older than his mother? iii iii i 149. The total weight of Product A and Product B was 120 kg. If the price of Product A was reduced by 20% when the price of Product B was increased by 20%, the selling price of both products was $9.60 | per 1 kg. The total value of the products became $128 less than the original value. Find the weight of Product A. 150. The price ratio of a table to a chair is 7 : 3 at first. Their prices are then marked $60 above their initial prices. The ratio then becomes 9 : 5. Find the original prices of both items. 151. Inthe figure below, each side of the triangle has a length of 2 cm. The circumference of the ball is also 2 cm. The ball is rolled along the sides of the triangle without sliding. How many rounds will the ball have rolled when it returns to its original position? 152. Twoteams of students manage to complete a project in 20 days. If both teams work together for 8 days and Team B is then left to complete the remaining project, it takes Team B another 18 days to finish it. (a) How many days does it take Team B to complete the project on its own? {b) How many days does it take Team A to complete the project on its own? 153.Between 4 o'clock to 5 o'clock, when does the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock first form 30°? 154, The sum of the ages of A, B, C and D is 62. The sum of ages of A and D is 8 more than that of B and C. The youngest person in the group is 12 years old. Find the age of the eldest person in the group if he is one year older than the next person. 155. In the figure below, a rectangle is divided into four regions. AC is a diagonal line. The area of Region S is 35% that of the rectangle. Given that the area of Region Q is 30 om?, find the area of the rectangle. A B 156. A delivery truck travelled from Town A to Town B at a constant speed of 40 km/h. It returned at a speed of 60 km/h. The total time taken for the whole journey was 15 hours. How far was Town A from Town B? Es 157. In the figure below, the rectangle is made up of nine squares. The two smallest squares have lengths of 3 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find the area of the shaded region. 158. Two pipes are used to fill a pool. If Pipe A is turned on for 7 hours, then it takes Pipe B another 14 hours to completely fill the pool after that. If Pipe A is turned on for 10 hours, then Pipe B needs another 2 hours to completely fill the pool after that. How many hours does Pipe B need to completely fill the pool if only Pipe A is turned on for § hours? 159. Between 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock, when does the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock form 90° for the second time? 160.Nicky's grandfather's age is a 2-d number. Her father’s age is the reverse of the 2 digits. Find Nicky's age if the difference in age between her grandfather and her father is 4 times her age. 161. The original selling price of a fiction book was $30. During a promotion, the number of copies sold was increased by 44%. As a result, the profit increased by 20% Find the discounted price of the book. 162. n the figure, 5 of Circle a is shaded. of Circle B is shaded and 2 of Circle C e shaded. The sum of the area of Circles B and C is 2 that of Circle A. Find the ratio of the area of Circle A to that of Circle B to that of Circle C. 163. In the figure below, a roller rolls along the interior of a square. Find the area covered by the movement of the roller after it rolls the four sides of the square. 2m oem 164. If Dave works on a Mathematics assignment for 10 hours before passing it on to Elaine, who needs another 14 hours to complete it on her own. If Dave works on it for 2 hours before Elaine takes over, then Elaine will need another 16 hours to complete it on her own How many more hours does Elaine need to complete the assignment if Dave has worked on it for 8 hours first? 165. What time will it be when the hour hand and the minute hand form a straight line after 10 o'clock? 166. Vanessa's age in year 2010 will be the sum of all the digits of the year she was born in. How old is she in year 2010? 167. fa salesman sells alaptop at & of its selling price, then the profit earned is $200. If he sells the same laptop at 8 of its selling price, then the profit earned is $250. What is the cost price of the laptop? 168.The area of a parallelogram is given as b x h where b is its base and h is its height. The parallelogram shown below is subdivided into four parallelograms of different sizes. The areas of regions A, B and C are 45 cm?, 30 cm? and 60 cm? respectively. Find the area of region D. 169. In the figure below, four quadrants are drawn using the four comers of a square as centres. The square has side of 4 cm. Find the total area of the four quadrants and express your answer in x. 170. It takes 60 minutes for three water pipes, which are turned on at the same time, to fill a swimming pool. It takes Pipe A and Pipe B and Pipe B and Pipe C 90 minutes and 80 minutes respectively to do the same task. How long does it take Pipe B to fill the pool on its own? 474, How long does it take the minute hand of a clock to lie directly over the hour hand ifit is 8 o'clock now? 172. The product of Michael's age, his grandfather's, age and his father’s age is a square number. The sum of their age is 109. How old is his grandfather? 4173.There are two piles of beads. The first pile has 440 black beads and 380 white beads. The second pile has 300 black beads and 200 white beads. How many black and white beads must be moved to the first pile from the second pile so that the number of black beads in the first pile is 50% and the number of white beads in the second pile is 25% of the total number of beads? - 174, Adrian and Beatrice cycle along a circular track from the same point and at the same time, but in opposite directions. It takes Adrian 30 minutes to complete one round. How long does it take Beatrice to complete one round if they meet 21 minutes later? Adrian 4-14 Beatrice ter okra Tl nls ieee 175. In the figure below, the area of the shaded region is 35 om?. Find the area between the big circle and the small circle. (Take « = 22) 176. Two candles have the same length, but burn at different rates. Candle A takes 2 hours to burn completely. Candle B takes 1 hour to do so. How long have the two candles been burning when the ratio of their heights is 1: 2? Assume that they are lit at the same time. 177. What will be the time when the minute hand of a clock lies directly over the hour hand if it is 3 o’clock now? 178. The Morrison family has 5 children. The sum of squares of two of his children’s age is 365. The sum of squares of the other 3 children’s age is also 365. How old is each child? 179. The profit gained from the sale of a TV set is $1000 if it is sold at its selling price. If sold at 80% of its selling price, a loss of $600 will be incurred. What is the cost price of the TV set? 180.In the figure below, the radii of Circle A and Circle B are 210 cm and 180 cm respectively. A horizonal line is formed merging the diameters of both circles. When do their diameters merge horizontally again if the circles rotate in the opposite direction? 181. In the figure below, the side of the triangle is 7 cm. Find the distance travelled by Point A when the equilateral triangle is rotated along the straight line 63 times. z (Take « = 47) 182. Two candles have the same height at first, but burn at different rates. Candle A takes 3 hours to burn completely and Candle B takes 5 hours to burn completely How long have the candles been burning when the ratio of their heights is 3 : 1? Assume that they are lit at the same time. 183. The time shown on a clock is slower by 1 minute every hour of the standard time. The clock is then adjusted to standard time at 7.00 am. What is the standard time when the clock indicates 12 noon? iii iii A 4184.When Mr Robinson’s age is divided by 3, the remainder is 2. The remainder is 3 when his age is divided by 5. On the other hand, the remainder is 4 when his age is divided by 7. How old is Mr Robinson? 185. A massage chair was priced 20% above its cost price. It was then sold at 80% of the marked price. The loss incurred was $84. What was the cost price of the chair? 186.A trapezium has two parallel sides. Its area can be calculated using the formula (base 1 + base 2) x height + 2 488.The grass on a ranch is growing at a constant rate. It is enough to feed 120 cows for 12 days or 150 cows for 8 days. For how many days can it sustain 180 cows? 189, The time shown on my old watch is slower than the standard time by 3 minutes every hour. | adjust it every night according to the standard time at 10 o'clock. What is the actual time when the watch indicates 6 o'clock in the morning? 190. The average age of A, B and C is 19. The a —2 average age of B, C and D is 22. E The average age of A, C and D is 21. How old is each of them? akx dc - Given that AD = 6 cm, BC = 12 cm, AB = 8 cm and EC = 7.5 cm, find the length of DE if BE divides the trapezium into two equal halves. 187. The figure below is made up of six squares. Find the length of the side of the biggest square given that the area of the shaded region is 2 cm?. 2 191. If a product is sold at 90% of its selling price, then the profit earned is $450. The loss incurred is $350 if it is sold at 80% of its selling price. What is its cost price? 192. Three cars left Town A for Town B. Car B began its journey 45 minutes after Car A. Car C began its journey 15 minutes after Car B. Car C caught up with Car A 25 minutes later. It then caught up with Car B another 15 minutes later. When did Car B catch up with Car A? 3 193. In the figure below, the circumference of the circle is 20.4 em. Its area is the same as the area of the rectangle. Find the perimeter of the shaded region. 194. itis assumed that the number of passengers joining the queue at a train station is at a constant rate. The train is to depart at 8.30 am and the admission gates open at 8.05 am. If three admission gates are open, then the queue can be cleared by 8.14 am, If five admission gates are open, then the queue will be cleared by 8.10 am. At what time does the first passenger arrive at the station? 195. A planet has only 8 hours in a day. There are 48 minutes in every hour. What is the angle formed by the minute hand and the hour hand at 4.24? 196, Evaluate 2018 + 2017 x 2019 , 2019 + 2018 x 2020 2018 x 2019-1 2018 x 2020-1 * 197. There are 30 blue marbles, 20 yellow marbles, 15 orange marbles and 10 white marbles in a bag. Without looking into the bag, how many marbles must you draw so that you get 5 marbles of the same colour? 4198. In the number sequence below, what is the value of the 10th term? 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48, 63, 199. bead is coloured such that half of its surface is black and the other half is white. 8 such beads are put in a row with the black surfaces facing in front, as shown below 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Numbers that are multiples of 1 are then flipped over. Second time, the numbers that are multiples of 2 are flipped over. Third time, the numbers that are multiples of 3 are flipped over, and so on. How many beads have their black surfaces facing in front by the end of the 8th flipping? 200. The product of 2205 and a whole number nis a square number. Find the smallest possible value of n. 201. If 17 is written as the sum of a few whole numbers, what is the product of these numbers when it is maximum? 202. Evaluate 123321 123457? — 123456 x 123458 a. 203.A fruit wholesaler has 106 boxes of oranges. Each box has at least 33 oranges and at most 45 oranges. How many boxes, at least, have the same number of oranges? 204. What is the value of a in the Fibonacci sequence below? a+3, 13, 3a + 6, 34, a, 205. Four children make the following statements. A: B, C and D are boys. B: A, C and D are girls. C: A and B are lying! D: A, B and C are telling the truth. Who is/are telling the truth? 206.The product of the age of four children who are below 12 years old is 5544. Find the sum of their ages. 207. The average score of five students in a Mathematics quiz is 140. All of them score above 138. What is the highest possible score among the students? 208. Which of the following products has a larger value? ma(1+ welts MatensatObmpit Ting Book Lave 209. The tallest student in Anna’s class is 134 cm tall. The shortest student has a height of 124 cm. What is the minimum class size if at least 4 of them are of the same height? Assume that all the heights are whole numbers 210. The following sequence 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, has one odd number followed by two evens, then three odds, four evens, and so on. What number is the 2018" therm? 211. Find the missing numbers in the 4" row of ‘the number pattern below. a[e TTT Te] e[si[7[i;el[4 (47Te lo [71s 212.Some years ago, the dates of three Sundays in a particular month were odd numbers. On which day of the week was the 12" day of the month? 213, The width and length of a rectangle are both prime numbers. What is its maximum area when its perimeter is 40 cm? a es 214. Find the value of 12-2? + 37-42 + 57-6 + = 1007, [Hint: a? ~ b? = (a + b)(a ~ b)) + 99? 215. There are 64 tennis balls but, only 18 tubes. Each tube can hold at most 6 balls How many tubes, at least, have the same number of balls? 216. What is the 6" term in the number sequence below? 1,14, 24, 1211, 111221, 312211, 247. There are four boys and two girls, each of different age: The youngest child is 6 years old. The eldest boy is 4 years older than the youngest girl. The eldest gitl is older than the youngest boy by 4 years too. The eldest child is 12 years old. How old is the eldest girl? 248. The remainder is 5 when 200 is divided by a whole number. The remainders are 1 and 10 respectively if 300 and 400 respectively are divided by the same whole number. What is the value of the whole number? hens Opp ing Book Lee 219. ABC is a right-angled triangle. Given AC = 8, CD = 8, BC AM = BM. Find the area of the shaded region. 12, 1 14+ 1+ =a 1+ = 16 = 42 1+ +9= 25 = 57 Given that] +3 +5474 2018 + 2019 = k?, where kis a positive integer, find the value of k. + 221.500 books are to be distributed to a certain, number of libraries. Each library, however, must not get more than 15 books. How many libraries, at least, will get the same number of books? 222. Find the 8th term in the number sequence below. 102, 105, 111, 114, 120, 123, ... a 223. Find the values of x and y in the figure below. 224. If y is divided by 19, the remainder is 10. When it is divided by 23, the remainder is 8. What is the value of y? 225. a, b, c, d are four different whole numbers such that a x b x ¢ x d = 2008, Find the greatest possible value of atbt+erd. 228. What is the 50 term in the number sequence below? 1 0 x 6 7 229, Seven cashiers perform night-duty at a 24-hour take-away fast food restaurant Each of them performs duty only for a night starting from Monday. Jane's shift is 2 nights after Kelly’s. Heather's shift is 3 nights before Megan’s. Laura’s shift is on Thursday, which is before Isabel's but after Heather's. Gina's shift is one night after Isabel's shift, Determine the day of duty for each cashier. 1230. The product of 3 and 2abcde is abcde9. Find the number represented by abcde. 231, The weights of some blue, yellow and red 226. It is known that n x (nm ~ 1) x (n= 2) x x1=n For example, Ws a= 3! 4! Find the unit digit of the sum 1! + 21 + 31 + + 100! 227. There are four clubs in a school, namely the Robotics Programming Club, the Maths Olympiad Club, the Badminton Club and the Volleyball Club. A student can opt out from any club or join at most two clubs. How many students must there be, at least, so that two students join the same club? marbles are 3 g, 5 g and 7 g respectively. What is the maximum number of marbles that you can get if their total weight is 130 g? There must be at least one marble of each colour. 232. It is known that a = 28, b cm 5, 3°° and Arrange a, b and c from smallest to largest in value. 233. 200 students are selected to vote for the Head Prefect. Among the three candidates, Nicholas has already secured 70 votes. On the other hand, Kevin has 20 votes and Patrick has 32 votes. How many more votes must Nicholas get, at least, to be elected as the Head Prefect? 234, How many numbers appear in both number sequences? 1, 3, 8, 7, ..., 2001 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, ..., 2001 235. Ron, Shawn and Justin dominated a marathon throughout the race. Shawn was at the second position at the very beginning. During the race, the three runners overtook one another 6 times. What was Shawn's final position? 236. What is the remainder when 1? + 2? + 3? +... + 2018? + 2019? is divided by 7? 237. businessman has two workshops that refine black and white pearls, which are then sold as a pair. Workshop A operates 12 days on refining black pearls and 18 days on refining white pearls. It produces 468 pairs of pearls at the end of 30 days. Workshop B operates 20 days on refining black pearls and 10 days on refining white pearls. It produces 700 pairs of pearls at the end of 30 days. What is the maximum number of pairs of pearls that the two workshops can jointly produce? 238, Arrange the fractions in order, beginning with the greatest value. 13° 14 13° 24 29° 25’ 24’ 39 239.55 tourists in a tour group were out for a 2-week trip. On the last day, the tour guide suggested that each of them visit at least one, but at most two places, out of the three places planned to be visited that day, since most were already very tired. How many tourists, at least, visited the same place? 240, What is the value of m in the number sequence? 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 33, 42, m, ... 241. Which group does each number below belong to? 108 123 135 «235 «345 420 444 546 641 1* group | 2” group | 3° group 242.When four numbers, 331, 525, 913 and 1107, are divided by a same whole number, n, their remainders are the same. Find the remainder and the biggest possible value of n. (Note: If a and b have the same remainder when divided by c, then the difference between a and b is divisible by c.) 243. The remainder is 1 when a number A is divided by 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. What is the smallest possible value of A if it is divisible by 7? Mate Obed Taig Beck Lvl 6 ‘Srp Ath Pte Pr Lad Try Chew a 244.Which of the following products has the greater value? A = 1998753 x 63488 B = 1998752 x 63489 245.789 students are in an examination hall. There are 30 rows of seats in the hall. Each row has 30 seats. How many seats, at least, have the same number of students? 246. What is the value of n in the number sequence below? 1, 3, 9, 27, 18, 342, 927, n, 247. Three tourists, A, Band C, met ina restaurant. Their nationalities are Indonesian, Italian and Canadian, but not in the correct order. Bis not a writer. C is a businessman. The writer was not born in Canada. The song composer was born in Indonesia. Italy is not the country of birth of C. What is the profession of B? 248. Find the remainder when 111 divided by 7. 7 249. A number of students went for an overseas education programme. The hostel could accommodate 4 students, 7 students or 11 students in a room. What was the minimum number of rooms that they need if there were 46 boys and 47 girls? 250. Which of the following fractions has a greater value? aly Sy Sy 7 y sy 49 AadxdxSx2x~ x $8 1 clea 251.A mathematics quiz has 12 questions. 5 marks are awarded for every correct answer. 3 marks are given for every partially correct answer. No marks are given for a completely ‘wrong answer or an unanswered question. How many students must there be so that at least 4 students get the same mark? —_.—!_11!—— 252. What are the whole numbers represented by m and nin the following sequence? 3, 8, m, 24, 35, n, 63, 253. Three athletes took part in a competition that has several events. The champion in each event obtained the most points, the runner-up obtained the second most points, and so on. Joan scored 22 points in total. Kelly scored 9 points. Linda scored 9 points as well. Linda was the champion of the triple jump. event. Who came in the second in the triple jump event? 254.In a Fibonacci sequence, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ..., each term is the sum of the previous two terms from the third term onwards. Find the remainder when the 2010th term is divided by 8. Lia 255.A 3-digit number is 25 times the sum of the three digits. What is the greatest possible value of this 3-digit number? 4 A 6 20 256. Evaluate ¢ + 35 A 72" 257.The figure below shows a piece of land that is made up of 13 identical squares. A land surveyor has to divide it into two equal halves. On the figure below, draw a straight line from P to achieve this. 258.A rectangle is formed by reducing one side of a square by 30% and increasing the other side by 3 m. The area of the rectangle remains the same as the square. What is the area of the square? 259.A truck delivers goods from Town A to Town B 6 hours a day. It can travel 90 km/h when it is empty but only at 60 km/h when it is loaded with goods. Find the distance between the two towns if it can cover the 6 trips in 12 hours. 260. A DVD player was priced at 140% of its cost price. It was then sold at 90% of its selling price. A gift voucher worth $50 was given to the customer at the same time. The profit earned was $158 as a result. What was the cost price of the DVD player? 261. Order the fractions below, from the largest to the smallest. 1 428" 200 688" 262. Mark can harvest crops in 9 hours. His father needs 15 hours to complete the same task. If Mark works on the first day, his father works on the second day, Mark works again on the third day, his father works on the fourth day, and so on, how many days does it take to harvest ¢ of the crops? 263. Each floor of a 6-storey apartment has 3 window frames. Each frame consists of 4 pieces of glass, which are either blue ® or white [). Each frame also represents one number. The six sets of numbers representing each floor are 167, 451, 205, 983, 385 and 640. Find the number that represents the fourth floor if the first floor is represented by 167. > 7 Aa OS OG Ge aE PA ad tial FS Fil a) BS 28 264, A part of a botanic garden has a walking path as shown below. 2 Mark the position of a gate where a visitor can enter and walk the path exactly once. Q 265.A cargo leaves Port A for Port B every day. The whole journey takes 8 days. Another cargo leaves Port B for Port A every day at exactly the same time, but needs only 7 days to arrive. How many cargoes from Port B will meet a cargo from Port A during the whole journey? 266. Two candles have different heights. One takes 4 hours to burn completely while the other takes only 3 hours to close. At what time must the candles be lit so that the ratio of their heights is 2: 1 at 2.00 pm? 267.An architect designs a park as shown below Z of the circle is the lawn. 2 of the square is the garden. The overlap section is a pond. What is the area of the pond if the area of the lawn is 200 m? greater than that of the garden? 268. Find the remainder when the 201 1th term of the sequence below is divided by 9 1, 2, 6, 16, 44, 120, 328, 896, 269. A publishing house in Singapore has to deliver 2000 and 1600 Mathematics Olympiad books to Korea and the Philippines respectively. Its branch office in Hong Kong is able to deliver 2400 copies only. The shipment costs $500 per 200 copies to the Philippines and $300 per 200 copies to Korea. The Singapore office takes care of the remaining copies and it costs $800 to deliver every 200 copies to Korea and $400 to deliver every 200 copies to the Philippines. What is the least cost to deliver the books? 270. Three cards carry a number each. They are distributed at random to three players. where the number is then recorded. This is repeated a few times and the total scores obtained by the players are 22, 20, 18 respectively. What is the number on each card? iia MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD TRAINING BOOK LEVEL 6 (12-13 years) In-depth Analysis 1. It suffices to consider four scenerios: 1 vertical, 3 vertical, 5 vertical and 7 vertical, 1 vertical: example O J 4 ways 3 vertical: 10 ways 5 vertical: 6 ways 7 vertical: 1 way Ans: 21 ways English science / 28 + 41 + 20 = 89 24 + 12 + 10 = 46 students are counted twice 89 - 46 = 43 studonts like either 1 or 2 subjects. Number of students = 64 64 ~ 43 = 21 students like all the three subjects, 3. Itis sufficient to look only at the product of 1, 3, 5,7 and 9. 1x 3.x 5 x 7 x 9 = 945, where the digit in the ones place is 5. Hence, we have 5 x 6 x... x 5. ‘The value of the digit in the ones place is 5. 4. There are 7 pairs of 7 in 1 + 2+ a. Therefore, 14240474 TITTITT RT ares VITTTTT &TVFTTTT +7464 6+ TT 7 1 TTT x TTT f 7234567654321 5. Scenario 1: Using line A as base 10 Total numberof tangles, 10 x *, = 80. Scenario 2: Using ne B a Dace ee c, x80, = 2275 ae x6 io Ans: 220 ware Both of them will cover half of a circumference if they run towards each other. Jonathan needs to cover half a circumference in order to catch up with Cindy if they run in the same direction. Let the speed of Jonathon and Cindy be J and C respectively. We can write their speeds as follows: To meet up: (J + C) x 40 = half a circumference To catch up: (J = C) x 280 = half a circumference Equating the two statements, we have {J + C) x 40 = (JC) x 280 J#O=W-Ox7 JC W-7C 8C = 6s JiC=8:6 3 ‘The ratio of Jonathan's speed to Cindy's speed is 4:3, Use the identity a® — b? = (a ~ bila + b) 1 = 2) + 2) + (B= 4)13 + 4) + + (2017 - 2018)(2017 + 2018) AL+ 243444 + 2017 + 2018) (1 + 2018) x 2018 2 = 2037171 5x7 = 35 2018 + 5 = 403R3 2018 + 7 = 288R2 2018 = 35 = 57 R23 Number of multiples of 5 or 7 03 + 288 - 57 = 634 Method 1: List down all the possible numbers in t! table below. [orate uber —New number | Diterence | (este [ore] 765 567 198 | [ar a ‘Therefore, the original number is 387, Method 2: Let the 3-digit number be abe. Hence, we have cba ~ abc = 396, 100c + 10b + a-100a~ 10b -~¢ = 396 99c - 99a = 396 ca = 396 + 99=4 c=4+a a b-c=1 e=b-1 (2) Substitute (2) into (1): b-a=6 b=S+a (3) ab + C= 18 (4) Substitute (1) and (3) into (4): atStat4a+a=18 3a+9 3a=9 Substitute a = 3 into (3): b Substitute a = 3 into (1): ¢ ‘The original number is 387. Paras a oO 1 1 de £ = aandd t-b Therefore, we have (1 + a)ib) ~ (1 + b)lal b+ ab—a~ab bea tote} * ieee ee 3tet7 378 we 11. (a) “A, = 24 There are 24 ways to arrange the three letters. ug, = 12x11 (oc, = 124 4ax3x2 6 ‘There are 66 ways to do so 42, Mothod 1: Let the distance between Town A and Town & be a common multiple of 48 and 72, say 142 Time taken to travel to Town B = 144 = 72 2h Time taken to return to Town A= 144 = 48 wan Total ime taken = 2+ 3 5h Tote distance traveled = 144 x 2 288 km Average speed = 288 = Method 2: Ratio of speed = 72: 48 = 9:2 Hence, ratio of tine ~ 2:3 The tine taken forthe whole journey can be d,d_ 2d calculated as follows: $ + $ = 28 3 573 kmin where s is the average speed in terms of units and d is the distance between Town A and Town 8 2d From the ratio of speed, units = 72 kmih Vunit = 72 + 3 = 24 kmin 2 3 22 x 24 = 873 kmm 2 = 22 units = Therefore, average speed = 878 kh 43. Let the month of birth be m and the day of birth be d. Bim + 12d = 213 3im = 213 ~ 12d m = 213 When d 213, His birthday is March 1 ‘pw Ata Parse ad Fry Chew 15. 16. 17. 18. ‘The area of AABF is half the area of rectangle ABCD. The area of ABCE is also half the area of rectangle ABCD. Hence, the sum of area of AADF and ABCF is the area of ABCE. ‘Area of ABCE Area of shaded region + 80 + AEGH Area ABCF + Area AADF 80 + 20 + 55 + 25 + AEGH = 180 + AEGH Equate the 2 statements: ‘Area of shaded region + 80 + AEGH 180 + AEGH Area of shaded region 180 - 80 }00 cm? 20172018 x 20182017 ~ 20172017 x 20182018 Let a = 20172017 b = 20182017 (a+ 1b- ab +9) Sy =a + b-ab-a =b-a 10 000 write 294 as (30-4 as (50-3) Al 3-digit numbers that have the sum of the three digits equalling to 4 are as follows: 400, 112, 121, 211, 103, 301, 310, 130, 220, 202 There are altogether 10 numbers. If the car travels at 60 km/h, it has 60 x 2 = 120 km to goat 1.00 pm. We can calculate the travelling time by treating it as a “catching up” problem. a ee Difference in speed = 80 - 60 = 20 km/h Time taken when it travels at 80 km/h 120 = (80 ~ 20) 6h Distance from Town A to Town B 6 x 80 = 480 km ‘Time taken to arrive one hour later at 2.00 pm 6+ =7h ‘Speed of the car 480 + 7 68 kmh 419. Let the number of big boxes be m and the number of small boxes be ni 48m + 30n = 372 48m = 372 - 30n 372 - 30n a8 372 180 When n = 6,m = $727,180 - 4 4 big boxes and 6 small boxes can hold a total of 372 marbles. 20. In the total area of A, B and C, the areas of a + d, b + d and c + d have been counted twice. However, when they are removed from the total area of A, B and C, the area of d is removed as well. Therefore, the area of the whole figure = 40 +50 + 60-12- 14-16 +8 = 116 cm? 21. Method 1: e 403< = 806 @ 112 oy ® 162 =2% 2% 13% 31 =2%19%2%31 26 = 62 26 + 62 = 88 Therefore, the two numbers are 26 and 62. Method 2: 1 + 87 = 88, 2+ 86 = 88, 26 + 62= 88, 26 x 62 = 1612 The two numbers are 26 and 62. aatota=b+dadandd (1 + an) = (3 + Bia) boa 1 3 23. There are 3 ways to move in each "box": Therefore, there are 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 ways to move from A to B. si 3. 24, If he was travelling on the scooter from the beginning, he would have travelled 18 x 4 = 72 km, ference in distance travelled = 72 ~ 60 = 12km Difference in speed = 18 - 6 12 km/h, ‘Time taken for walking = 12 = 12 Th x6 1 = 6km Distance walked 25. Method 1: Let the number of oranges in the first and second baskets be a and b respectively. ant a att (2) From (2): att a-ab+4 From (1) a-b-2 (3) ~ (4 a-3b44 -2b + 6 2b=6 b=6+2 From (4h a-3-2 a-6=0 a=5 ‘Method 2: Scenario 1 “CUT Po (3 (a 3 ° Scenario 2: ‘Therefore, there are 5 oranges in the first basket and 3 oranges in the second basket. Badminton 26. Volleyball Baskatball From the diagram, we have 140 + 120 + 100 ~ (40 + 10) - (20 + 10) = (2 + 10) + 10 = 250, as the total number of students surveyed is 250. But (40 + 10) and (20 + 10) have been counted twice, thus we deduct them. “10", on the other hhand, has been deducted twice, thus we need to add it back. 280-2 = 260 ? = 30 liked both volleyball and basketball, but not badminton. 21. 1098-2 <2. oh @ 2, Benny would arrive at the finishing line first since Alan took a longer time. 37. Let the number of marbles that Don and Andy have at first be @ and b respectively. Let ¢ be the number of marbles given away. a-c= 2b +o) atc =4lb-o) From (1): a-c= 2b + 26 a~2b-3c = 0 (3) From (2h atc=4b—4de a~ 4b + 5c = 0 (a) (4) ~ (3) ~2b+8=0 2b = 8 b=8, a= 22 Don has 22 and Andy has 8 marbles at first. 38. a 8 Pm o—¢€ c ‘Area of rectangle ABCD = 20 x 10 = 200 cm? Area of AACE + Area of ABDE 4 x Area of rectangle ABCD = 100 em? But the area of EFGH was counted twice. 100 - 15 = 85 om? Area of the shaded region is 85 em? 39. Represent the 9 numbers as products of prime numbers, as follows: y vy ¥ 1,2,3,2%25,2%3,7,2x2x29x3 44 8 coin = tx Ox 7 = 68 Benard = 44546 = 15 Alcs = 2% 3x8 =48 Therefore, Alco +2, 3, 8 Bernard — 4,5, 6 Colin» 1,9,7 40, We can write each term as follows 1.2 (3043) x2 - ath x3 =(2048)x 2-201 1.32 (0044)x2- ard x2 (0044) x3 =2041 14 (5043) x4 sib x $= (504 8) x 4-441 1.52 (60 +8) x5= ork x 8 = (0048) x $= 5041 Vaart x Sasi xdtecoitxS ath x Ze arh Sark xd sorh x8 $2041 4904144041 504 = 148 SSeS at. 43, ne 7 ‘The following are the possible ways to go from the first step to the 10th step: 3534252 3524352 3323253 2335253 232333 2533352 252324242 ‘There are altogether 7 ways. . Scenario 1: ‘When speed is increased by 20%, Ratio of speed = 120: 100 = 6:5 Hence, ratio of time = 5 : 6. 6-5=1 tu=th 6u=6x1=6h The time takon is 6 hours if the car travels at its original speed. Scenario 2: When speed is increased by 25%, Ratio of speed = 100: 125 = 4:5 Hence, ratio of time = 36 Time saved = 36 B-4=1 1 unit = 5 units 3h Time taken for the first 120 km is 3b. ‘Speed for the first 120 km_ 120 + 3 = 40 kmih Distance between the two towns = 40 x 6 240 km Let b, m and s be a big room, a mid-sized roam and a small room respectively, Hence, we have btm+s=12 —-(i) 8b + 7m + 5s = 80 (2) (1) x 5: bb + 6m + 5s = 60 (3) (2) - (3h: 3b + 2m = 20 3b = 20 ~ 2m 20 — 2m W a When m = 4,b = 2058 = 4 From (1:8 = 12- 4-4 There are 4 big rooms, 4 mi 4 small rooms. Another pos: There are 6 5 small rooms. a 44, We find the multiples of 3 or 5 first. The common multiples of 3 and 5 i.e. 15, 30, ...) have been counted twice. Number of multiples of 3 = 200 + 3 = 66R2 Number of multiples of § = 200 + 5 = 40 Multiples of 3 and 5 are multiples of 3 x 5 = 15. Number of multiples of 15 = 200 = 15 13R5 Number of multiples of 3 or 5 93 200 - 93 = 107 numbers are not multiples of 3, 5 or 15, We list these numbers from the largest to the ‘smallest instead. 66 + 40-13 199, 197, 196, 194, 193, 191, 188, 187, 184, 182, 181, 179, 178, Since 107 - 95 = 12, the 95th number is 178 by counting backwards. 4. ‘ Oe "

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