CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ

Arts and its Visual ★ Color

- creates the mood and atmosphere of
Elements
the artwork
★ Line The Color Wheel
- foundation of all drawing - arrangement of primary, secondary,
Psychological Response to Different and tertiary colors
Lines:
> Curved lines - comfort & peace
> Horizontal Lines - distance and calm
> Vertical Lines - height & strength
> Jagged Lines - turmoil & Anxiety
> Thick Lines - strength
> Thin lines - delicacy

★ Shape
- an area with boundaries identified or
Color Schemes:
drawn using lies
> Monochromatic - same hue different
Shapes can be:
values
> natural or man-made
> Analogous - three or four adjacent
> regular or irregular
colors in the color wheel
> flat (2D) or solid (3D)
> Complementary - uses colors that are
> representational or abstract
opposite of each other (in the color
> geometric or organic
wheel)
> Split-Complementary - uses two colors
★ Form adjacent to the compliment
- physical volume of a shape and the > Triadic - three colors equidistant from
space that it occupies each other
➔ Three-Dimensional Form > Tetradic - two pair of complementary
- can be modeled (added form), colors
carved (subtracted form),
constructed (built form)
What is the difference of…
➔ Two-Dimensional Form Hue Shade
- illusion of 3D in 2D - original color - color + black
Forms can also be:
> transparent or opaque Tint Tone
- color + white - color + grey
> positive or negative
> decorative or symbolic
> colored, patterned, or textured ★ Value
- lightness to darkness
- illusion of depth
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
★ Texture
- feel or appearance of surface
➔ Actual
- the actual physical surface of
an artwork or design
➔ Implied
- only perceived by the viewer
★ Space
- distance between or the area around
and within shapes, colors, forms, and
lines
➔ Positive
- the subject or areas of interest
in an artwork
➔ Negative
- background or the area that
surrounds the subject of the work
★ Time and Motion
- movement in the visual arts which can
be an illusion or actual motion
The Subject of Art
> Subject of Art
- the matter to be described or to be
portrayed by the artist
Two Kinds of Art as to Subject
★ Representational Art /
Objective Art
- recognizable subject
★ Non-Representational Art /
Non-Objective Art
- not recognizable subject
(non-objective
- does not represent real objects
(abstract)
9 Subjects of Arts
★ Landscapes
- focuses on “Physical Environment”
outdoors
★ Still Life
- inanimate objects arranged indoors to
control the source of light
★ Animals
- focuses on the naturalness of the
animal
- one of oldest forms of art included
animals
★ Portrait
- artistic representation of people
- focuses on the face, can be measured
from the top of the head to the chest
★ Figures
- human body is the chief subject
- may be rendered naturally and
realistically or distorted
★ Everyday Life or Genre
- used in several fields
- art = represents daily life
★ History and Legend
- consists of verifiable events in a
country’s history
★ Religion and Mythology
- aid in worship or inspire
- mythological characters as central
figures
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
★ Dreams and Fantasy
- surrealism that focuses on imagination
for imagery
General Styles of Art
★ Realistic
- subject is done the way it actually
looks
➔ Miñaturismo
- miniature
- artists meticulously apply
attention to detail
➔ Trompe-L’oeil
- art technique applied to create
an optical illusion to give an
impression of dimension
★ Distortion
- used to change or alter the
appearance of the subject
➔ Abstraction
- shapes are distorted, but colors
are utilized the most
➔ Cubism
- Pablo Picasso and Georges
Braque are pioneers
- subject appear to be
fragmented into geometric
shapes
★ Non-Objectivism
- totally no subject at all
- shapes and colors are simplified
- details and shadows are not included
Contemporary Art Period
> Contemporary Art
- “art of the present”
- 1970s - present
Elements / Principles of
Contemporary Art
★ Appropriation
- existing artworks are appropriated to
produce another artwork
- combines past to present
★ Performance
- interpreting various human activities
such as chores, routines, and rituals to
socially prevalent themes such as
poverty, commercialism, and war.
★ Space
- arts transforming a space
- example: art installation, flash mob
- can be monuments or human
formations
★ Hybridity
- the use of unconventional materials or
mixing of unlikely materials to produce
an artwork
- example: coffee for painting
★ Technology
- usage of technology in the creation
and dissemination of artworks
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
Indigenous Art Forms
➢ art form created by various
ethnolinguistic groups and is
characterized by their culture
and traditions
➢ an art form that uses indigenous
materials that are assembled to
create an understandable
artwork
Tangible and Intangible
Indigenous Art Forms in the
Philippines
> Tangible Art
- refers to the physical creations that
can be seen, touched, and felt
➔ weaved products: textiles,
baskets, wall decors, bags, and
clothing
➔ clay and porcelain products:
pots, kitchen wares, sculptures,
urns
➔ stone sculpted: benches, milling
stones, decorative structures
➔ wood sculpted: chairs, benches,
anitos, santo, cutleries, plates
➔ natural ink drawings/paintings:
tattoos, animal hide paintings,
wood-stained carvings
➔ traditional craftsmanship:
headwear, transportation,
smithery, tapestry, textiles
Philippine National Artists
What is the National Artist Award?
- highest form of recognition to Filipino
artists for their significant contributions
in the arts
- conferred every three years through
rigorous deliberations and selection
process
- established in 1972 under Presidential
Decree no. 1001
- nominations are based on the criteria
by Cultural Center of the Philippines
(CCP) and the National Commission on
Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
Benefits:
> The title and rank of a national artist.
> Medal bearing the insignia of the
national artist, as well as a citation.
> A cash gift of P 200,000 to living
artists and P 100,000 to those who are
recognized after death
> Monthly pension with medical and
hospitalization benefits
> Life insurance for those who are still
qualified.
> State funeral and internment in the
Libingan ng mga Bayani.
> A reserved place at state functions,
awarding ceremonies, and cultural
events.
Criteria for Choosing a National
Artist
● Living artists who have been
Filipino citizens for the last ten
(10) years before nomination as
well as those who have died after
the establishment of the award in
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
1972 but were Filipino citizens at
the time of their death
● Artists who have helped build a
Filipino sense of nationhood
through the content and form of
their works
● Artists who have distinguished
themselves by pioneering in a
mode of creative expression or
style, making an impact on
succeeding generations of artists
● Artists who have created a
significant body of works and/or
have consistently displayed
excellence in the practice of their
art form, enriching artistic
expression or style
● Artists who enjoy broad
acceptance through prestigious
national and/or international
recognition, awards in
prestigious national and/or
international events, critical
acclaim and/or reviews of their
works, and/or respect and
esteem from peers within an
artistic discipline.
National Artist Categories
★ Visual Arts
★ Film and Broadcast Arts
★ Dance
★ Architecture, Design, & Allied
Arts
★ Literature
★ Music
★ Theatre
What are the issues surrounding the
NAA?
> Exclusion and name insertion:
Newsbreak reported in 2009 that since
the creation of the awards in 1972,
almost all presidents, except for
Corazon Aquino, have bypassed the
recommendations of the NCCA-CCP and
favored some personalities instead.
1982 Former president Ferdinand
Marcos insisted on having a say in the
selection. He wanted the award for
Carlos P. Romulo.
1997 Then-president Fidel V. Ramos
created a new category – historical
literature – to accommodate biographer
Carlos Quirino, who was eliminated as
early as the first stage of the selection
process.
1999 Former president Joseph Estrada
named his good friend Ernani Cuenco as
National Artist for Music even before
the NCCA-CCP could submit to him the
list of awardees, which did not include
Cuenco.
2003 Arroyo named writer Alejandro
Roces a National Artist for Literature in
2003 even though he was eliminated
from the first round of selection.
2006 Arroyo conferred the award on the
late Senator Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo
(for writing poetry and translating
plays) and sculptor and painter
Abdulmari Asia Imao as a form of
“political accommodation.”
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
2009 Arroyo named as National Artists
filmmaker Carlo Magno Jose Caparas,
theater stalwart Cecile Guidote-Alvarez,
architect Francisco “Bobby” Mañosa,
and fashion designer Jose “Pitoy”
Moreno – all not part of the shortlist
given by the NCCA-CCP.
2013 The Supreme Court issued its
decision to invalidate the questionable
conferment of the NAA to Carlo J.
Caparas and three other awardees.
2014 Nora Aunor was excluded from the
final list of honorees.
National Artists for Visual Arts
★ Fernando Amorsolo (Painting,
1972)
- The country’s first National
Artist & was dubbed as the
“Grand Old Man of Philippine Art”
- works: Mango Pickers (1936),
Tinikling in Barrio (1951)
★ Carlos “Botong” Francisco
(Painting, 1973)
- the country’s most prominent
mural artist and depicted scenes
of the evolution of Philippine
history
- works: Pista ng Angono (1960),
Bayanihan (1962)
★ Guillermo Tolentino (Sculpture,
1973)
- He designed the seal of the
Republic of the Philippines.
- Bonifacio Monument, UP
Oblation
★ Napoleon Abueva (Sculpture,
1976)
- youngest National Artist
awardee at age 46
- “Father of Modern Philippine
Sculpture”
- works: Three Dancer (1998),
Marble Sculpture
★ Victorio Edades (Painting, 1976)
- Led a group of artists called
“The 13 Moderns” whose belief is
that art should show the truth no
matter how ugly or frightening
- “Father of Philippine Modern
Art”
- works: Kargadores at Davao
Port (1980), Women Bathing by a
waterfall (1953), The
Wrestlers(1927)
★ Vicente Manansala (Painting,
1981)
- Featured his signature visual
style of fragmented shapes in his
paintings called “Abstract
Expressionism”
- works: Tiangge (1980), Fish
Vendors (1969)
★ Caesar Legaspi (Visual Arts,
1990)
- Philippines’ first neo-realist
- Signature style was the use of
geometric shapes
- works: Untitled (1942), Workers
(1953)
★ Hernando Ocampo (Visual Arts,
1991)
- One of the Three Modernists
- Signature style: bold color
palettes and biomorphic shapes
inspired by both his country's
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
landscape and by science fiction
writing.
- works: Rirual, Introibo (1951)
★ Arturo Luz (Visual Arts, 1997)
- Founding member of the
modern Neo-Realist school in
Philippine Art
- a designer, painter, and sculptor
- abstract paintings that simplify
figures and shapes
- works: Cycling Trio (2011),
Candle Vendors
★ Jeremias Elizalde Navarro
(Painting, 1999)
- a great supporter of modernism
- a versatile painter and sculptor
whose range of methods included
pointillism, cubism, and abstract
expressionism
- works: Portrait of “E”, The
Machines Take Over (1984)
★ Ang Kiukok (Visual, 2001)
- born to immigrant Chinese
parents
- known for his expressive
cubist-like works
- Has works that stand out
because of the effective
depictions of suffering and fright
- works: Last Supper, Thinking
Man (1979)
★ Jose Jaya (Visual Arts, 2003)
- former dean of U.P College
of Fine Arts
- His vibrant abstracts works
were well recognized both in our
country and abroad.
- works: Forest by the Sea (1986),
Space Transfiguration (1989)
★ Benedicto Cabrera (Visual Arts,
2006)
- popularly known as BenCab
- His style evolved from
neo-realism and high abstraction
of genre and portraits.
- works: Umbrellas (1986), Crisis
in Humanity
★ Abdulamari Asia Imao (Visual
Arts; 2006)
- Mentored by Guillermo
Tolentino and Napoleon Abueva
in developing his skill as a
sculptor
- a native of Sulu, he is a sculptor,
painter, photographer, ceramist,
documentary filmmaker, cultural
researcher, writer, and articulator
of Philippine Muslim art and
culture
- works: Sarimanok (2009),
Sarimanok(1975)
★ Federico Alcuaz (Visual Arts,
2009)
- a skilled illustrator who uses ink
and pencil as a medium
- known for his oil and acrylic
paintings of nudes, still life
subjects, and landscapes
★ Francisco Coching (Visual Arts;
2014)
- “One of the Pillars of the
Philippine Comic Industry”
- “The Dean of Philippine Comics”
- used comics to express his
notions of colonialism in our
country
- works: "Bulalakaw" Story Page 1
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
Original Art (c. 1960s). , ca.
1960–1969, Untitled (Mendiola
Street)
★ Lauro Alcala (Visual Arts; 2018)
- had a weekly cartoon printed in
a national publication entitled
“Slice of Life”
- Comedically depicts the
everyday life of Filipinos while
challenging viewers to look for a
portrait of the artist embedded
subtly within the illustrations
Visual Art Spaces for
Contemporary Arts
> ManilArt
> Ateneo Art Gallery
> Art Fair Philippines
National Artists For Film &
Broadcast Arts
★ Lamberto Avellana (Film,
Theatre, 1976)
- “The Boy Wonder of Philippine
Movies”
- works: Anak Dalita, Badjao
★ Gerardo De Leon (Film, 1982)
- first directorial job was “Ama’t
Anak”
★ Lino Brocka (Film, 1997)
- espoused the term “freedom of
expression” in the Philippine
Constitution
- works: Tinimbang Ka Ngunit
Kulang, Bayan Ko
★ Ishmael Bernal (Film, 2001)
- “The Genius of Philippine
Cinema”
★ Eddie Romero (Film, 2003)
- screenwriter, film producer, and
producer
- works: Ganito Kami Noon, Pano
Kayo Ngayon? (1976), The Mad
Doctor of Blood Island (1969),
Brides of Blood (1968), Beast of
the Dead (1970), Black Mama,
White Mama (!973), Beast of
Yellow Night (1971), Savage
Sisters (1974), Aguila (1980), The
Twilight People (1972), Beyond
Atlantis (1973), Terror is a Man
(1959), Kamakalawa (1981)
★ Fernando Poe Jr. (Film, 2006)
- “King of Philippine Movies”
★ Manuel Conde (Film, 2009)
- Notable for transforming
age-old Filipino stories to the
silver screen during and after
World War II.
- works: Ibong Adarna, Siete
Infantes de Lara, Prinsipe
Tenoso, Juan Tamad
★ Eric Oteyza De Guia (Film,
2018)
- known as Kidlat Tahimik
- “Father of Philippine
Independent Cinema”
- works: Perfumed Nightmare
★ Marilou Diaz-Abaya (Film,
2022)
- her films are indictments that
harshly examine the reality of the
Philippines today
- works: Bagong Buwan, Muro
Ami (1999), RIZAL
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
★ Nora Aunor (Cinema, 2022)
- Her contributions to the film
and broadcast arts depicted the
Filipinos’ “everyday realities and
aspirations” in some of the most
important Filipino films, such as
“Himala”
Programs And Spaces For
Local Films
> Metro Manila Film Festival
> Cinema Centenario
> Maginhawa Film Festival
> MOOV (Extension of Cinema
Centenario)
> Cine Critico Filipino
National Artists for Dance
★ Francisca R. Aquino (Dance,
1973)
- Folk Dance Pioneer
★ Leonor O. Goaquingco
(Dance, 1976)
- “Trailblazer”, “Mother of
Philippine Theater Dance” and
“Dean of Filipino Performing Arts
Critics”
★ Lucrecia Reyes Urtula
(Dance, 1988)
- spent almost four decades in
the discovery and study of
Philippine folk and ethnic dances
★ Ramon Ubusan (Dance, 2006)
- a dancer, choreographer, stage
designer and artistic director
★ Alice Reyes (Dance, 2014)
- dancer, choreographer, teacher
and director, she has made a
lasting impact on the
development and promotion of
contemporary dance in the
Philippines
★ Agnes Locsin (Dance, 2022)
- "most progressive
contemporary choreographers in
the Philippines”
Programs And Spaces For Dance
> Ballet Philippines
> TESDA Course: Performing Arts
> Philippine Ballet Theatre
> Bayanihan (Dance Company)
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ

National Artists for Literature - fictionist, essayist, poet, and

teacher who articulated the
Filipino Spirit in Rural, Urban
★ Amado V. Hernandez
Landscapes
(Literature, 1973)
- works: The Bread of Salt, Sven
- “Manunulat ng Manggagawa”
Hills Away, Work on the Mountain
- works: Isang Dipang Langit
★ Levi Celerio (Literature,
★ Jose Garcia Villa (Literature,
Music, 1997)
1973)
- best known for being a
- introduced the "reversed
leaf-player, a feat for which he
consonance rhyme scheme" in
was put into the Guinness Book
writing poetry
of World Records.
- works: Footnote to Youth
★ Edith L. Tiempo (Literature,
★ Nick Joaquin (Literature,
1999)
1976)
- founded (in 1962) and directed
- most distinguished Filipino
the Silliman National Writers
Writer in English Writing
Workshop in Dumaguete City
- “Joaquinesque”
★ F. Sionil Jose (Literature,
- works: May Day Eve, The
2001)
Woman who had Two Navels and
- his novels and short stories
the Tales of the Tropical Gothic
depict the social underpinnings
★ Carlos P. Romulo (Literature,
of class struggles and colonialism
1982)
in Filipino society
- works: I Walked with Heroes,
- works: My Brother My
Crusade in Asia
Executioner, The Pretenders
★ Francisco Arcellana
★ Virgilio Almario (Literature,
(Literature, 1990)
2003)
- pioneered the development of
- currently serves as the
the short story as lyrical prose-
chairman of the Komisyon sa
poetic form within Filipino
Wikang Filipino
literature
- works: Panitikang Pambata sa
- works: The Mats, Joya
Filipinas, Ang Alamat ng Palay
★ Rolando S. Tino (Literature,
★ Alejandro Roces (Literature,
Theatre, 1997)
2003)
- was the sole inventor of
- The country’s Best Writer of
“Taglish” in Philippine poetry
Comic Short Stories
- works: Pahimakas sa Isang
- works: Fiesta, Something to
Ahente, Ikalabindawalang Gabi
Crow About
★ N.V.M. Gonzales (Literature,
1997)
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
★ Bienvenido Lumbera
(Literature, 2006)
- co-founded numerous Literary
Organizations and somehow led
to the downfall of Marcos
★ Lazaro Francisco (Literature,
2009)
- “Master of the Tagalog Novel”
- works: Daluyong, Ilaw sa Hilaga
★ Cirilio Bautista (Literature,
2014)
- co-founder and member of
numerous writing organizations
in the Philippines
- works: The House of True Desire,
The Trilogy of Saint Lazarus
★ Ramon Muzones (Literature,
2018)
- The first regional writer to
become a National Artist.
- His literary works of Muzones
were written in the native tongue,
Hiligaynon.
- works: Margosatubig
★ Resil Mojanes (Literature,
2018)
- acclaimed by various writers
and critics as the Visayan Titan
of Letters, due to his immense
contribution to Visayan literature.
★ Gemino Abad (Literature,
2022)
- contributed historical
anthologies of Philippine poetry
in English to Philippine literature
- works: Care of Light, In
Ordinary Time
★ Ricky Lee (Literature, 2022)
- has written more than 180 film
screenplays
- demonstrated his mastery of
writing historical films, literary
and true-to-life adaptations,
political, courtroom, and dramas,
the stories of “outsiders” and
marginalized figures
★ Carlos Quirino (Historical
Literature, 1997)
- He is best known for his early
biography of Jose Rizal.
National Artists for Music
★ Antonio Molina (Music, 1973)
- versatile musician, composer,
and music educator
★ Jovita Fuentes (Music, 1976)
- lauded for her portrayal of
Cio-cio san in Giacomo Puccini’s
Madame Butterfly at Italy’s
Teatro Municipale di Piacenza
- was given the award of
“Embahadora de Filipinas a su
Madre Patria” by Spain
★ Honorata dela Rama
(Theatre, Music, 1987)
- was a singer and bodabil
performer who became the first
Filipina film actress
★ Antonio Buenaventura
(Music, 1988)
- Joined Francisca Aquino to
conduct research on folksongs
and dances
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
★ Lucresia R. Kasilag (Music,
1989)
- pioneered into discovering the
Filipino roots through ethnic
music and fusing it with western
influences.
★ Lucio San Pedro (Music, 1991)
- contributed to the development
of a civic culture among Filipino
communities and opened a
creative outlet for young Filipinos
★ Felipe De Leon (Music, 1997)
- Filipinized Western music forms,
a feat aspired for by Filipino
composers who preceded him.
★ Jose M. Maceda (Music, 1997)
- Research and fieldwork have
resulted in the collection of an
immense number of recorded
music taken from the remotest
mountain villages and farthest
island communities.
★ Levi Celerio (Literature,
Music, 1997)
- best known for being a
leaf-player, a feat for which he
was put into the Guinness Book
of World Records.
★ Andrea Veneracion (Music,
1999)
- Choir master and choral
arranger who founded the
Philippine Madrigal Singers
- She also spearheaded the
development of Philippine choral
music.
★ Ernani Cuenco (Music, 1999)
- is a composer, film scorer,
musical director, and music
teacher
★ Francisco Feliciano (Music,
2014)
- brought out the unique sounds
of our indigenous music in
compositions that have high
technical demands equal to the
compositions of masters in the
western world.
★ Ramon Santos (Music, 2014)
- has contributed greatly to the
quest for new directions in
contemporary Philippine music
★ Ryan Cayabyab (Music, 2018)
- works range from
commissioned full-length ballets,
theater musicals, choral pieces, a
Mass set to unaccompanied
chorus, and orchestral pieces, to
commercial recordings of popular
music, film scores, and television
specials.
★ Fides Cuyugan-Asensio
(Music, 2022)
- formed the Music Theater
Foundation of the Philippines
(MTFP)
National Artists for Theatre
★ Lamberto Avellana (Theatre,
Film, 1976)
- “The Boy Wonder of Philippine
Movies”
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ
★ Honorata dela Rama
(Theatre, Music, 1987)
- was a singer and bodabil
performer who became the first
Filipina film actress
★ Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
(Theatre, 1997)
- was a Filipino playwright,
director, teacher, and theater
artist
- He wrote well over 100 plays, 41
of which have been published.
★ Rolando S. Tinio
(Theatre, Literature, 1997)
- revived traditional Filipino
drama by re-staging old
theatre forms like sarswela
★ Daisy Avellana (Theatre,
1999)
- co-founded the Barangay
Theater Guild (BTG) in 1939
- was one of the first graduates
of the UST Graduate School with
Master of Arts (MA) in English
★ Severino Montano (Theatre,
2001)
- was a playwright, director, actor
and theater organizer with an
output of one novel, 150 poems
and 50 plays in his 65-year
lifetime
★ Salvador F. Bernal (Theatre,
Design, 2003)
- “Father of Philippine Stage
Design”
★ Amelia Lapeña Bonifacio
(Theatre, 2018)
- known as the "Grande
Dame of Southeast Asian
Children’s Theatre"
★ Tony Mabesa (Theatre, 2022)
- known as the "Lion of the
Theater"
- Having directed over 170
productions, he founded the
Dulaang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas
(Dulaang UP) and the UP
Playwrights Theater.
National Artists For
Architecture, Design, &
Allied Arts
★ Juan Nakpil (Architecture,
1973)
- was regarded as the Dean of
Filipino Architects
★ Pablo Antonio (Architecture,
1976)
- The Pioneer of Modern
Philippine Architecture
- Designed several buildings in
FEU with Art Deco Style.
★ Leandro V. Locsin
(Architecture, 1990)
- known for his use of concrete,
floating volume and simplistic
design in his various projects.
CPAR Reviewer (Midterms) by Mace ᓚᘏᗢ

★ I.P. Santos (Architecture,

2006)
- "Father of Philippine Landscape
Architecture“
- he pioneered the profession of
landscape architecture in the
Philippines
★ Ramon Valera (Architecture,
Fashion Design, 2006)
- The country’s first National
Artist for Fashion
- known as the Dean of Philippine
Fashion for his “magical seminal
innovations” on the Philippine
terno
★ Jose Maria Zaragoza
(Architecture, 2014)
- designed 36 office buildings,
4hotels, 2, hospitals, 5 low-cost
and middle-income housing
projects, as well as more than 270
residences.
★ Francisco Mañosa
(Architecture, Allied Arts,
2014)
- pioneered the art of Philippine
neovernacular architecture.
★ Salvacion Lim Higgins
(Slim’s) (Fashion Design,
2022)
- a Filipino fashion designer
known for her haute couture

Good luck with your exams!

THIS REVIEWER WAS HELL TO
MAKE BTW U_U