SUBJECT: SCIENCE

CLASS: IX

General Instructions
 The assignment is designed in such a way so as to facilitate students to comprehend the
concepts properly so that they can attempt the topic- related questions given at the end.
 These questions are designed and selected keeping in mind CBSE Exams.
 Students are expected to read Page no 14-15 from their NCERT book before starting with
the assignment for better comprehension.
CH 2: IS MATTER AROUND US PURE
(HANDOUT-01)

Matter
Anything which has mass and occupies space is called matter. It may be solid, liquid or gas.
Classification Of Matter
Matter can be broadly classified on the basis of its physical characteristics and chemical reactivity.
Physically, matter can take solid, liquid or gaseous state. In extreme environments, other states
may be present, such as plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate.
On the basis of chemical characteristic matter can be classified as pure substances and mixture.

Pure Substance
It may be defined as a material which contains only one kind of atoms or molecules.
Pure substances are again of two types:
(a) Elements (b) Compounds
Elements
• Pure substances which are made up of only one kind of atoms are known as elements.
• They cannot be split up into two or more simpler substances by any of the usual chemical
methods.
• For example, Iron, gold, silver, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and sodium etc.

1
Elements are further grouped into the following three categories:
• Metals, for example: Iron, copper, gold, sodium, silver, mercury, etc.
• Non – metals, for example: Carbon, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, etc.
• Metalloids, for example: Boron, silicon, germanium, antimony, polonium etc.
Properties of Metals
• These are lustrous (shine).
• They conduct heat and electricity.
• All metals are malleable and ductile.
• They are sonorous.
• All metals are hard except sodium and potassium.
• All metals are solids at room temperature except mercury which is a liquid.
Properties of Non-metals
 These are dull in appearance.
 They are poor conductors of heat and electricity except diamond which is a good conductor of
heat and graphite which is a good conductor of electricity.
 They are neither malleable nor ductile.
 They are generally soft except diamond which is the hardest natural substance known.
 They may be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.
Metalloids
The elements that have properties intermediate between those of metals and non-metals, are called
metalloids. They have looks of a metal but are brittle (break easily).
Pictures of some metalloids

Antimony Boron
Polonium

Compounds
 It is a form of matter formed by combining two or more elements in a definite ratio by mass.
 It can be decomposed into its constituent elements by suitable chemical methods
 For example: Water (H2O), oxygen (O2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), etc.
Link for Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3xCA7eeoW4- Classification of matter

Q1-Q5 are Multiple choice questions and the most appropriate answer is to be selected.
Q1. Which of the following elements is not a metalloid? (1)
(a) Boron
(b) Silicon
(c) Germanium
(d) Tungsten
Q2. A pure substance which is made up of only one kind of atom and cannot be broken into two (1)
or more simpler substances by physical or chemical means is referred to as-
(a) a compound
(b) an element
(c) a molecule

2
(d) a mixture
Q3. Which of the following non-metal is a good conductor of electricity? (1)
(a) Aluminium
(b) Silicon
(c) Graphite
(d) Gold
Q4. Which of the following property does not describe a compound? (1)
(a) It is composed of two or more elements
(b) It is a pure substance.
(c) It cannot be separated into constituents by physical means
(d) It is mixed in any proportion by mass
Q5. According to the definition of pure substance, which of the following is a pure substance? (1)
(a) Ice
(b) Mercury
(c) Iron
(d) All of these
NOTEBOOK WORK: Let’s write the answers of Q6-Q8 in 50-80 words each.
Q6. Differentiate between an element and a compound. Write examples of each. (3)
Q7. Account for the following: (3)
(a) Metals good conductors of heat and electricity whereas non-metals are not.
(b) Silicon and germanium are metalloids.
Q8.Write the general physical properties of non- metals. (3)