Question

Answer Notes Marks

number
1 a i newtons / N; Reject n, Ns 1
Allow Newtons
ii any one of 1
scales newtonmetre
weighing scale
electronic/electric balance
newtonmeter;
b Allow suitable alternatives 3
MP1. Record outline of foot;
dip foot into paint/ink and make footprint
MP2. Attempt at evaluation of area;
find area of rectangle around foot
MP3. Detail of method of measurement;
area of rectangle minus area of spaces around
e.g. the foot
Draw round foot / feet use of ruler is insufficient for MP3
Count / estimate the squares
On squared / graph paper

1
c i Pressure = force / area;
1
ii Substitution into correct equation; ACCEPT 1
Evaluation; • rearranged equation
e.g. Pressure = 650 • equation in recognised symbols
270 Ignore
2.4 triangle or units equation

allow 2.41 or 2.4074 etc

(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) 2
surface sensor
colour reading

shiny black 87

dull black 61

dull silver 70

shiny silver 47

any one correct;

all 3 correct;;

(ii) (different surfaces) emit heat at different allow 1

rates/eq; emit different amounts
of heat / radiation

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (b) (i) P=ρxgxh ; do not accept: 1
• gravity for g
• 10 for g
• d for density
accept:
• word equations and
rearrangements
• for h allow
height
depth
height difference

(ii) sub into eqn for P; no POT error as ‘g’ 3

used
evaluation; allow 9.8(1) for g
unit;
e.g.
(P=) 1260x10x0.25 1260x9.8x0.25
3150 3090
Pa allow
•
N/m2
• matching unit e.g.
3.15 kPa

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 (iii) any THREE from: Allow RA where 3
MP1. black absorbs IR/heat; appropriate
MP2. black heats up more than shiny;
MP3. gas particles on black side move faster/get
hotter/have more KE/move apart; allow gas expands
MP4. pressure on left/black side increases;
allow force(/area) for
pressure

ignore: ideas of
collisions

(iv) difference in liquid height is less; height goes down less 2

/decrease in h is less
more difficult/harder to move ; allow: argument in
terms force /pressure

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 (v) Allow 2
MP1 it will give a bigger temperature (range)/eq; the girl is right
AND
DOP a suitable comment
e.g. amount of water for
MP2 a larger difference in water level; water level
amount of air for air
MP3 a larger difference in air volume; volume
speed of molecules
MP4 a larger difference in (kinetic) energy of /particles
air/gas molecules/particles;
water would reach the
MP5 idea of upper limit to range; bulb

if the second statement

is chosen, no marks

(Total for Question 2 = 14 marks)

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) Student is right / wrong = no mark
Any two of Ignore idea of anomaly 2
accept
1. Balance might not be levelled;
2. zero error; tare, reset error
3. mass could be worn; rusty
4. mass could be mislabelled; inaccurate marking
5. value could be within acceptable accuracy of the it rounds to 500 g
mass
(e.g. ± 2g);
6. battery of scales is running down/eq;

(b) Any two of 3

MP1 - Measure/find volume; For MP2

MP2 - Using a displacement method; Ignore calculation of volume
MP3 - A sensible experimental precaution geometry
e.g. tied to thread OR awareness of meniscus OR
repeat readings OR average;

PLUS

Any one of
MP4 - Formula to use (density = mass ÷ volume);
MP5 - A correct density unit mentioned (e.g. kg/m3);

Total
o 5

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) pressure difference = height x density x g Accept P = hρg 1
P= hdg

(ii) Substitution into correct equation; correct answer with no 2

Calculation; working scores 2 marks

0.91 x 1000 x 10 Accept:

9100 Pa • 9.1 kPa
• 8918 Pa (from g = 9.8
m/s2)
• 8927 Pa (from g = 9.81
m/s2)
• h in cm / 910 000 Pa for
a max of 1

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (b) (i) allow
some wobbles on the B side 1
area shaded

the water level is the same on both sides

(ii) Any three of the following ideas Allow force or weight 3

instead of pressure for
1. pressure difference (relating to flow); either MP1 OR MP2 but not
both
2. pressure equality (relating to flow ending);

3. reference to relevant pressure equation ;

e.g. pressure causes force on water, MP3 allow
pressure = force / area ‘pressure pushes water’
pressure = hρg; ‘height difference pushes
water’
4. (more) gravitational potential energy (in A) /ORA;
(fluid) pressure acts in all directions;

Total
T 7

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

5 (a) (i) any three of 3

Idea of collisions / impact (with walls); Ignore collisions between particles

Continuous bombardment;

force produced; Allow idea of momentum changing

Pressure = force ÷ area;

(ii) Idea that the student is right OR the pressure decreases; 3

AND any two of Both marks depend on previous correct response

(e.g. pressure decreases)

The number(or mass) of molecules stays the same;

The gas volume increases; Allow idea that area of can in contact with gas
increases OR gas particles have more space

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume; Allow mention of p1V1 = p2V2 in this context

Particles collide with the wall less frequently; Allow “longer time between collisions”

(b) (Average speed) increases; 1

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

1 (a) (i) pressure difference = height (or depth) x density x g ; Allow h × ρ × g (and rearrangements) 1
Reject “gravity” for g in 7(a)(i)
(ii) substitution into correct equation; Allow standard form 2
evaluation;
e.g. 1028 X 10 X 700
7 196 000 (Pa) Allow use of g = 9.8(1) Æ 7 059 276 or 7 052 080

(iii) (total pressure =) 72 x105 + 1 x 105 (Pa); Allow 7 296 000 (Pa) OR answer to 7(a)(ii) + 100 000 1

(b) (i) pressure = force/area Allow p = F/A 1

(ii) Substitution into correct equation; Substitution and transposition either order 3
Transformation;
Evaluation;
e.g. 41 × 105 = F/3.1
F= 41 × 105 x 3.1
1.271 x 107 (N) 12 710 000, 127.1 x 105 , 1.3 x 107
(c) because fresh water has a lower density than sea water OR reverse 1
argument;

(d) any five of 5

MP1 suitable measuring instruments mentioned; Allow scales
e.g. measuring cylinder and (electronic) balance Ignore newtonmeter, weighing machine
MP2 method of obtaining correct mass; Ignore weight
e.g. subtract mass of container, use of tare
MP3 detail to ensure accuracy of liquid volume; Allow keep temperature constant
e.g. burette, pipette, density bottle, account taken of meniscus
MP4 equation stated - density = mass ÷ volume; Allow ρ=m/V
MP5 suitable units used,
e.g. g for mass and cm3 for volume Allow ml, l
MP6 Idea of appropriate repeating or averaging at any stage Allow “discard anomalous results”

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) pressure = force ÷ area; pressure = force ÷ area 1
area = force ÷ pressure
force = pressure x area
Accept standard symbols (P, F, A) – upper or
lower case acceptable for this item
REJECT relationship ‘triangle’ on its own

(ii) Substitution into correct equation / 8 times the Correct final value = 2 irrespective of working 2
force;
Calculation;
e.g. pressure = 8 x 0.036 ÷ 0.0013 = Final value of 27.7 or 28 scores 1 (since it is a
correct calculation that has missed the x8
factor)

220 (Pa) ALLOW

222 (Pa), 221.5…… (Pa), 220 (Pa)
for final value
NO significant figure penalty

(b) (i) (total) force is unchanged / the same; 2

same mass/number/weight (of coins); ACCEPT
‘force is the same because the weight is the
same’=2
‘force is the same because the mass is the
same’=2
(ii) Reduced / less; 1

ONE of -
(reduced) by a factor of 8; 1
same mass/weight/force spread over a larger NOT ACCEPT ‘larger surface area’ alone
area;
calculates the new pressure;

Total 7 Marks

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 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) Substitution into correct equation; correct answer = 2 marks 2
Calculation;
e.g. 10 000 x 10 = p2 x 270
p2 = 370 (kPa) ACCEPT 370.37….. (kPa)

(b)) press decreases; 3

Any two from:

molecules slow down;
less frequent collisions with walls / don’t collide as
much with walls;
less hard /less force (on same area);
ACCEPT less kinetic energy / less momentum
IGNORE collisions with each other
ACCEPT smaller momentum change (in
collisions)

(c) (i) Pressure decreases; 2

One of
Fewer molecules (bombarding container);
Less force from the molecules;

(ii) Gas leaves (the liquid)/Expands/Foams the cream; ACCEPT Cools; 1

Total 8 Marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) Any three of (3)
ignore moves freely
MP1. idea of (continuous) random
movement;
MP2. collisions / impact/eq with
(inside) fabric/walls; allow momentum or NIII
MP3. idea that force is produced (by argument
bombarding molecules);
MP4. idea of pressure as force on an
area;

(ii) any four from: allow (4)

MP1. pressure inside stays constant; for MP1, pressure

increases slightly,
MP2. pressure difference across the for MP2 volume of air in
balloon fabric; can decreases,
MP3. (resultant) force acting down
on the
fabric;
MP4. balloon fabric becomes concave
/ moves downwards;
MP5. (free end of) pointer moves up; for MP5 end of pointer on
the fabric moves down
(iii) accept any two sensible suggestions (2)
e.g.
longer stick/lever;
narrower (diameter of) can;
more stretchy material;
less taut material;

(b) (i) either (1)

it/the reading would decrease;

OR
(right end of) pointer goes down;

OR
left end of pointer goes up;
(ii) more pressure inside the can ; allow if seen in (i) (2)

plus any one from:

particles inside can now move faster /
have more KE;
(hence) particles hit the balloon fabric look for idea of time
more frequently; implied
more often
(hence) particles hit the fabric harder; allow momentum idea

Total for Question 4 = 12 marks

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