NUMERICALS

1. calculate probability of electron occupying energy level 0.02eV above Fermi level at 200K and 400K in a material
Ans-

exp----->e in questions
f(E)=formula = 1/ 1+e^[ 0.02×1.6×10^-19/ 1 .38×10^-23×200] = 1/ (1+ e^1.1594) =0.24
f(E)= formula = 1/ 1+e^[ 0.02×1.6×10^-19/ 1 .38×10^-23×400] =0.36
2. fermi level in silver is 5.5eV. what are the energies for which probability of occupying at 300K are 0.99 and 0.5?

i) EF = 5.5ev f(E): 0.99

f(E)= formula = 1+e[(E-Ef)/kBT=1/f(E)= 1/0.99 =1.01
e[(E-Ef)/kBT = 1.01-1 = 0.01
(E-Ef)/kBT= ln(0.01) =-4.66
E-Ef = -4.66 × 1 .38×10^-23 × 300= -1.9×10^-20 J
E= (5.5× 1.6×10^-19) -1 .9×10^-20 = (8.8×10^-19) – (0.19× 10^-19) = 8.61×10^-19 J
E= 8.61×10^-19 / (1.6×10^-19) = 5.37eV

ii) EF = 5.5ev f(E): 0.5

f(E)= formula = 1+e[(E-Ef)/kBT=1/f(E)= 1/0.5 =2
e[(E-Ef)/kBT = 1
(E-Ef)/kBT= ln(1) = 0
therefore E = 5.5eV
3. find temperature at which there is 1% probability that a state with fermi energy 0.5eV above fermi energy is
occupied?
f(E)=formula

EF =0.5eV
f(E) = 1% = 0.01
1+e[(E-Ef)/kBT=1/f(E)= 1/0.01 =100
e[(E-Ef)/kBT = 100-1 = 99
(E-Ef)/kBT= ln(99) = 4.595
T= 0.5 × 1.6×10^-19 / 4.595 × 1.38×10^-23 = 1261.61K
4. The transition temperature for Pb is 7.2 K. However, at 5 K it loses the superconducting property if subjected to
magnetic field of 3.3×10^4 A/m. Find the maximum value of H which will allow the metal to retain its
superconductivity at 0 K.
 Hc(T) = 3.3×10^4 A/m
T=5K = 7.2K
Hc(0)= Hc(T)/ 1- (T^2/Tc^2) = 3.3×10^4 / [1-(25/(7.2)^2)] = 63.371.

5. The critical field for niobium is 1 × 10^5 amp/m at 8 K and 2 × 10^5 amp/m at absolute zero. Find the transition
temperature of the element.
Hc(T) = 1 × 10^5 amp/m
Hc(0) = 2 × 10^5 amp/m
formula
1-(T^2/Tc^2) = Hc(T)/ Hc(0)
1-(8^2/Tc^2)= 1× 10^5 / 2 × 10^5 ==> Tc= 11.31K
6. For an alloy superconductor, the critical fields are 1.4×105 and 4.2×105 A/m respectively at 14K and 13K.
Calculate its critical temperature.
formula
Hc(T1)= 1-T1.. --->1
Hc(T2)= 1-T2…---->2
eqn 1/2
Hc(T1)/Hc(T2)
1.4× 10^5 / 4.2 × 10^5 = 1-(14^2/Tc^2) / 1-(13^2/Tc^2)
1-(14^2/Tc^2) = 1-(13^2/Tc^2) × 0.33 = 0.33 – (55.77/Tc^2)
1-(196/Tc^2) = 0.33 – (55.77/Tc^2)
(55.77-196)Tc^2 = 0.33-1
Tc=14.46K
7. obtain value of critical field at 2K for superconductor which has critical field of 0.0306T at 0K. Given
Tc=3.7K
formula
Hc(T)= 0.0306( 1- (4/3.7^2)) = 0.021T
8. Obtain critical temperature of Pb-Al superconducting alloy which has critical field 62 × 10^3 a/m and 30 ×
10^3 a/m at 2.4K and 3.1K respectively.
formula
Hc(T1)= 1-T1.. --->1
Hc(T2)= 1-T2…---->2
eqn 1/2
Hc(T1)/Hc(T2)
62× 10^3 / 30× 10^3 = 1-(2.4^2/Tc^2) / 1-(3.1^2/Tc^2) ===> Tc=3.63K