Lab 02

Business Analytics using Microsoft Excel

(LA01 & LA03 Anson’s lab)

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1. Recap- Excel Basic

2. Built-in Functions

3. Conditional Formatting

4. Lab Quiz

Learning Objectives:
1. Able to use Excel Built-in Functions for Business Analytics.
2. Able to use Conditional Formatting to highlight important information.

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Column (i.e. Column C) Row (i.e. Row 3) Cell

(Cell Address: D5)

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Symbol Description Example

+ Addition =1+2 →3

- Subtraction =3-2 →1
Negation =-3 → -3

* Multiplication =3*2 →6

/ Division =15/10 → 1.5

% Percent =12% → 0.12

^ Exponentiation =3^2 →9

Reference: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/using-calculation-operators-in-excel-formulas-78be92ad-563c-4d62-b081-ae6da5c2ca69

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Symbol Description Example

= Equal to =A1=B2

< Less than =A1<B2

> Greater than =A1>B2

<= Less than or equal to =A1<=B2

>= Greater than or equal to =A1>=B2

<> Not equal to =A1<>B2

Reference: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/using-calculation-operators-in-excel-formulas-78be92ad-563c-4d62-b081-ae6da5c2ca69

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Syntax: =AND(logical1, [logical 2], …)

Function Logical 1 Logical 2 Result

=AND(TRUE, TRUE) ✔ ✔ TRUE

=AND(FALSE, TRUE) X ✔ FALSE

=AND(TRUE, FALSE) ✔ X FALSE

=AND(FALSE, FALSE) X X FALSE

● Returns TRUE if all its arguments evaluate to TRUE

● Returns FALSE if one or more arguments evaluate to FALSE

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Syntax: =AND(logical1, [logical 2], …)

Function Result

=AND(A2=A4-A3, A3=2) TRUE

=AND(A5-A3=A3, A4=4, A2=A4) FALSE

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Syntax: =AND(logical1, [logical 2], …)

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Syntax: =AND(logical1, [logical 2], …)

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Syntax: =OR(logical1, [logical 2], …)

Function Logical 1 Logical 2 Result

=OR(TRUE, TRUE) ✔ ✔ TRUE

=OR(FALSE, TRUE) X ✔ TRUE

=OR(TRUE, FALSE) ✔ X TRUE

=OR(FALSE, FALSE) X X FALSE

● Returns TRUE if any of its arguments evaluate to TRUE

● Returns FALSE if all of its arguments evaluate to FALSE

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Syntax: =OR(logical1, [logical 2], …)

Function Result

=OR(A2=A4-A3, A3=2) TRUE

=OR(A5-A3=A1, A4=3, A2=A4) TRUE

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Syntax: =OR(logical1, [logical 2], …)

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Syntax: =OR(logical1, [logical 2], …)

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

If the pokemon is in yellow,

put it on the left,
Otherwise put it on the
right.

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

=IF (pokemon=yellow,
put it on the left,
put it on the right)

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

LEFT RIGHT

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

=IF(B2<>"", "No Error", "Missing Category")

Result: No Error

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

=IF(C2>0, "No Error", "Invalid Price")

Result: No Error

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Q1. How to change the IF Function so that it gives out the same result as
“=IF(C2>0, "No Error", "Invalid Price")”?
Hint: =IF(_________, "Invalid Price", __________)

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

I am heavier than Pikachu!

6.0kg 460.0kg

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

I am lighter than or
equal to Snorlax!

6.0kg 460.0kg

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Q1. How to change the IF Function so that it gives out the same result as
“=IF(C2>0, "No Error", "Invalid Price")”?
Ans: =IF(C2<=0, "Invalid Price", "No Error")

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Q2. How to combine the below two IF Functions into one Function?
Function Result

=IF(B5<>"", "No Error", "Missing Category") → Missing Category

=IF(C5>0, "No Error", "Invalid Price") → Invalid Price

Hint: Using 1 AND Function and 2 IF Function

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Error? Category Check Price Check Result

No error No Error No Error → No Error

No Error Invalid Price → Invalid Price

At least one error Missing Category No Error → Missing Category

Missing Category Invalid Price → Missing Category

=IF(both “No Error”, “No Error”, “Missing Category” OR “Invalid Price”)

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Error? Category Check Price Check Result

No error No Error No Error → No Error

No Error Invalid Price → Invalid Price

At least one error Missing Category No Error → Missing Category

Missing Category Invalid Price → Missing Category

=IF(AND(B5<>“”,C5>0), “No Error”, “Missing Category” OR “Invalid Price”)

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Error? Missing Category Invalid Price Result

X ✔ → Invalid Price

At least one error ✔ X → Missing Category

✔ ✔ → Missing Category

=IF(AND(B5<>“”,C5>0), “No Error”, “Missing Category” OR “Invalid Price”)

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Error? Missing Category Invalid Price Result

X ✔ → Invalid Price

At least one error ✔ X → Missing Category

✔ ✔ → Missing Category

=IF(AND(B5<>“”,C5>0), “No Error”, IF(B5= “”,“Missing Category”, “Invalid Price”))

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Syntax: =COUNT(range) Syntax: =COUNTIF(range, criteria)

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= COUNT(B2:B7) =COUNTIF(B2:B7, "Stationery")

Result: 6 Result: 4
● Count the no. of cells ● Count the no. of cells as specified

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Syntax: =SUM(range) Syntax: =SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

= SUM(C2:C7) =SUMIF(B2:B7,"Stationery",C2:C7)

Result: $1,248.00 Result: $440.00

● Calculates the sum of values in a range ● Calculates the sum of values in a range
based on a true or false condition
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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

A1 Pokémon Type Height Weight

Pikachu Electric 0.4m 6.0kg

Bulbasaur Grass / Poison 0.7m 6.9kg

Charmander Fire 0.6m 8.5kg

Squirtle Water 0.5m 9.0kg

What can I do if I want to know the height of Charmander?

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

A1 Pokémon Type Height Weight

Pikachu Electric 0.4m 6.0kg

Bulbasaur Grass / Poison 0.7m 6.9kg

Charmander Fire 0.6m 8.5kg

Squirtle Water 0.5m 9.0kg

What can I do if I want to know the height of Charmander?

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

A1 Pokémon Type Height Weight

Pikachu Electric 0.4m 6.0kg

Bulbasaur Grass / Poison 0.7m 6.9kg

Charmander Fire 0.6m 8.5kg

Squirtle Water 0.5m 9.0kg

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

A1 Pokémon Type Height Weight

Pikachu Electric 0.4m 6.0kg

Bulbasaur Grass / Poison 0.7m 6.9kg

Charmander Fire 0.6m 8.5kg

Squirtle Water 0.5m 9.0kg

The range is from A1 to D5!

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

A1 Pokémon Type Height Weight

Pikachu Electric 0.4m 6.0kg

Bulbasaur Grass / Poison 0.7m 6.9kg

Charmander Fire 0.6m 8.5kg

Squirtle Water 0.5m 9.0kg

1 2 3

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Default value of range_lookup is TRUE

Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

A1 Pokémon Type Height Weight

Pikachu Electric 0.4m 6.0kg

Bulbasaur Grass / Poison 0.7m 6.9kg

Charmander Fire 0.6m 8.5kg

Squirtle Water 0.5m 9.0kg

● FALSE = looking for an EXACT match for the value

● TRUE = a "close" match will be returned

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

A1 Pokémon Type Height Weight

Pikachu Electric 0.4m 6.0kg

Bulbasaur Grass / Poison 0.7m 6.9kg

Charmander Fire 0.6m 8.5kg

Squirtle Water 0.5m 9.0kg

=VLOOKUP(“Charmander”, A1:D5, 3, FALSE)

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

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=VLOOKUP(600, A2:D4, 2, TRUE)

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Spending Member Type

500 <= x < 1000 Silver

1 2
1000 <= x < 2000 Gold

2000 <= x Diamond

=VLOOKUP(600, A2:D4, 2, TRUE)

Result: Silver

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Spending Member Type

500 Silver
1 2
1000 Gold

2000 Diamond

=VLOOKUP(600, A2:D4, 2, FALSE)

Result: #N/A

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Member Type Discount Rate

Silver 0.95
1 2
Gold 0.90

Diamond 0.85

=VLOOKUP("Gold", B2:D4, 2, FALSE)

Result: 0.90

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Q1. How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the corresponding Member Type of Kitty?

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Q1. How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the corresponding Member Type of Kitty?
=VLOOKUP(B10, A2:D4, 2, TRUE)

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Q1. How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the corresponding Member Type of Kitty?
=VLOOKUP(B10, A2:D4, 2, TRUE)

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

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Q1. How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the corresponding Member Type of Kitty?
=VLOOKUP(B10, A2:D4, 2, TRUE)

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Spending Member Type

500 <= x < 1000 Silver

1 2
1000 <= x < 2000 Gold

2000 <= x Diamond

Q1. How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the corresponding Member Type of Kitty?
=VLOOKUP(B10, A2:D4, 2, TRUE)

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Q2. If the member is new member, he/she can enjoy the New Member Discount.
How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the Discount Rate of Tony?
Hint: Using IF Function

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Q2. If the member is new member, he/she can enjoy the New Member Discount.
How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the Discount Rate of Tony?
M1: =IF(D9="Yes", VLOOKUP(B9, A2:D4, 4, TRUE), VLOOKUP(B9, A2:D4, 3, TRUE))

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Q2. If the member is new member, he/she can enjoy the New Member Discount.
How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the Discount Rate of Tony?
M1: =IF(D9="Yes", VLOOKUP(B9, A2:D4, 4, TRUE), VLOOKUP(B9, A2:D4, 3, TRUE))

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Spending New Member

Discount Rate

500 <= x < 1000 0.90

1 2 3 4
1000 <= x < 2000 0.85

2000 <= x 0.80

Q2. If the member is new member, he/she can enjoy the New Member Discount.
How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the Discount Rate of Tony?
M1: =IF(D9="Yes", VLOOKUP(B9, A2:D4, 4, TRUE), VLOOKUP(B9, A2:D4, 3, TRUE))

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Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Spending New Member

Discount Rate

500 <= x < 1000 0.90

1 2 3 4
1000 <= x < 2000 0.85

2000 <= x 0.80

Q2. If the member is new member, he/she can enjoy the New Member Discount.
How to write the VLOOKUP Function to find out the Discount Rate of Tony?
M2: =VLOOKUP(B9, A2:D4, IF(D9="Yes", 4, 3), TRUE)

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Aim:
Quickly highlights important information in a spreadsheet

You may use:

● the built-in formatting rules
● OR add your own formula to a conditional formatting rule

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Built-in formatting rules:

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Highlight Cells Rules example:

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Data Bars example:

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Your own formula:

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Q1. How to write the IF Function so that it gives out the below expected result?

Hint: Using 1-2 AND Function and 3 IF Function

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Q1. How to write the IF Function so that it gives out the below expected result?

Error? Category Check Price Check Result

No error No Error No Error → No Error

No Error Invalid Price → Invalid Price

One error
Missing Category No Error → Missing Category

Two errors Missing Category Invalid Price → Missing Category and Invalid Price

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3 IF Functions

IF Function TRUE FALSE

=IF(AND(B2<>"",C2>0)) “No Error” → Go to next IF function

=IF(B2<>"") “Invalid Price” → Go to next IF function

=IF(C2>0) “Missing Category” → “Missing Category and

Invalid Price “

M1: =IF(AND(B2<>"",C2>0),"No Error",IF(B2<>"","Invalid Price",

IF(C2>0,"Missing Category","Missing Category and Invalid Price")))

For M2: Please refer to the lab manual answer

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Q2. How to write the IF Function so that it gives out the below expected result?

Hint: Using Array Formula, Press Ctrl+Shift+Enter to enter the formula

Reference:https://support.office.com/en-us/article/create-an-array-formula-e43e12e0-afc6-4a12-bc7f-48361075954d

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Q2. How to write the IF Function so that it gives out the below expected result?

No. of Item Sum

=SUM(IF(A11=B2:B7, 1, 0)) =SUM(IF(A11=B2:B7, C2:C7, 0))

Same as using COUNTIF Function Same as using SUMIF Function

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● Quick review on Excel Basic

● Practice with:
○ Excel Built-in Functions
■ AND
■ OR
■ IF
■ COUNTIF
■ SUMIF
■ VLOOKUP

○ Conditional Formatting

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Due: Today’s 23:59

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