VIDHYO VIDHYODAY

RPIL VIDHYODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY ViDHYODAY ViDHYODAY

ViDHYA KA UDAY KA UDAY

VIDHYoDAY VDHYobAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO

1DHYAKA UD VIDHYA KA

V
Ratios Proportion Indices Logarithms

O Ratio is a comparison of two o If twO ratios are equal they are O It isa power game. ab = c
YO
similar attributes in same units. said to be in proportion. o Properties: KA
log=b
Ratio o Each pair of ratio should have
1. a-a
O Always assume base to be 10.
VI same units. 2. a' a' =a o Loga+ log b=log axb
Multiplier as a bridging Comparison 3. =a
element
Proportion a log a- logb= log
4. (axb} =ax b° o log1= 0

Mean Third Fourth (a+b} *a+b

o Types of ratios :(a:b) Proportion Proportion Proportion (a-b}
-
a b° O m logn = log n" KA
1
1.Duplicate a':b? 5. log =
log
V

2. Sub dupl. va:vb b= Jac O a=X

VI bc 6. a
=c--a = C

3. Triplicate a':b o Product of means= Prod of extremes o Shortcut :

O Properties of Proportion {a:b}
7. a'=a then Base same
4. Sub Tripl. Va:b b=cpower equate Type no.
b d
8. Power - same base - equate KA
5. Compound (a:b, c:d)-> axc:bxd
1. Invertendo =
Type 19 times
6. Continued ->a:b:c (a: b, b: c) 2. Alternendo
b a =c -a = C
Type -]× 227695

aaa'
V
a+b C+d 9.
3. Componendo
7. Inverse -b:a b
- = 1.
4. Dividendo
a-b 10 (a
a+b ,
C+d
5 Componedo & dividendo
a-b C-d
ViDHYAKA UDAY KA

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY Champions
VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY
Alt Chart
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 Equations VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA AUDAY
General FormYA KA
DA Quadratic Equations VDHYA KA UDAY Cubic EquationA
Ivariable ax + b=0 General Form General Form
DH VIDHYODAY IDHYO
2 Variables ax + by + c=0 ax
hx + c = 0 ax3 + bx' + cx + d = 0
DHYA KA
3 Variables ax + by + cz + d=0 HYA
a & are roots
VIDHYA KA UDAY
-b
if ß then, Sum of roots (a +B+)
get unique solutions x²- (a B)x + aß = 0
+
To
roots (apy)
VIDIODA No. of equations = No. of VHYOAY Product
=ODAY
of
VariablesDAY VIDHYODA b

VIDH KA UDAY Sum of roots (a t B) =a YAKADAY VIDHYA KA UDAY

(Infinite Solution) C
b Product of roots (B) =
DHYO
b,|DHYODAYAt. (Unique Solution)DH The roots can be found out using,
VIDHYODAY
bDHYA KA UDAY |HYA
+
IDHYA KA uDAY iOHYA KA
-b vb- 4ca
X=
(No Solution) 2a
VIDO a b C2 ODAY HYAY VDHYODAY
VIDHY Nature of Roots depends on D = b²– 4ac YA KA

fu) D<0 Roots are imaginary

VIDHYoDAY VIDH b) D=O Reai and equal VIDHYODAY VIDHYoDAY VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA
() D>0 and perfect square number reul,DA VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYAKA

distinct (unequal) and Rational

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY HYODAY VIDHYODAY
(d) D>0 and NOT u perfect square real!
UDAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VYAKA VIDHYAKA UDAY
distinct and irratinal

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYOI

oHYA KA UoAY ipHYA KA UDAY DHYA KA UDAY iHYA KA UDAY DHYAKA

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY NViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYAKA UDAY ViDHYAKA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYOL

ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYOoDAY VIDHYODAY

ViDHYAKA UDAY
vIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY Champions II Chart

Study from National Level Faculty at Vidhyoday 2

 VIDHYODAY
Linear u-equations VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYO
ViDHYA KA VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYAKA UDAY KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY MIDEHYODAY

VIDHYOL
KA
Making the Inequation Solving the inequation
VIDHY Use logics
VIDHYA
Signs of inequality
<
>S,>,
• Knock out in objective YO
Graphical Method*** Algebra
questions:
Divide / Multiply with a negative
VIDHY Right values - satisfy S.01 lgnore the sign of inequality
no. ; change sign of inequality.
VIDHYA
Wrong values - not satisfy
Put x =0 & calculate y, point (0, y)
Put y= 0& calculate x, point (x, 0) Always change both sides

S.02 PIot the points from S.01 on the graph, Brackets

Draw straight lines.

VIDHYODAY VIDHYC s.03 If line passes through (0, 0) If it does not pass through (0, 0),
VIDHYA KA UDAY
()
Put any point in the form (x, 0) Put (0, 0)
VIDHYA K

Open Closed Curly

If satisfy -Shade towards If satisfy-Shade towards
VIDHYODAY
DHYA KA UDAY If not -Shade against If not - Shade against (2,3) [2, 3] {2, 3)
2v 2V
S.04 Shade the common region; common area for allthe inequations. 2x 3v
VIDHYODAY VIDHYC
2-3* 2-3x
VIDHYA KA UDAY NviDHYA K

2-3
Feasible Infeasible
VIDHYODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY Bounded Unbounded

VIDHYODAY VIDHYObAY VIDHIYODAT

iDHYA KA UDAY
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 TimeValue OfMoney VIDHYoDAY VIDHYOD VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

ODAY ViDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

KA UDA

Simple Interest Compound Interest Effective Interest Annuity

O S.I.= PXrxt O Interest on Interest. E.l. ={y5 HIT A factor -1}*100
100
O CI. S. I.
o Always assume F.v. P.v.
year
O A= P+ SJ. o For the first period t=1
C.I. = S.I. O Nature of r & t should be same.
I+ factor =n times GTO
1
S.I.is not q5T! o A=P x (1+i)"
S.I. is always calculated on o C.I. = A-P Three types of Questions o Due : Starting from today -
principal. o Nature of r & t is always same. ans. x (1+i)
Always focus on factor.
C.I. Compare
2 S.L. is constant for every year. o Higher the compounding higher C.l. =? E.l. =?
the amount. O Bulk amount

3 IfQ. is qyâi assume it to be of S.I. o Time scale x T

o WDV= H.V. x (1 - i)
4 Nature of r, t should be same
o Doubling Period formula P.v. F.v.
+ 69
T= 0.35
r
o Tripling Period formula 3 conditions for annuity.
5 Time Scale + PàT - Fixed Time Interval
+ 1.111
T= 0.35
Fixed Installments
- Regular Payments

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY DHYODAY

ViDHYA KAUDA

ViDHYODAY VIDHYODAY DYoDAY

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 G3116
Pernutation
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
e Combination VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
VIDHYC
VIDHYAKE
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY
viDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY

Events :
P& C nr
And ---> x YODAY VIDHYODA ! =
1 n, r > positive integersHYODAY VIDHYO
AKA UDAY
Or --> + KA UDAY VIDHYA KA

Permutation Combination
9 It is all about arrangement, order matters.
n= no. of objects
It is about selection order does not matter
=
n! VID n!
"P,
n-r! r=objects taken at a time C(n-r)lxr! r KA
"P, =n, t
Y

AY
Restriction Always Together Repetition Circular Division Properties Geometry All or None

T restriction Always make box a

If objectsare " (n-1) ways. Total objects!
!
VID 1. n =nc Diagonals 2"
Count box as one repeated then, group ka! KA
=n, -n Taking all or
then focus on element & permutate. Necklace
any no. of
the rest. Also arrange inside object repeat etc. 2. PasCal's law
TK group object i.e. r
VI the box. Sat factorial à Y
ne,+Mcy-1 A can not be
divide T same at a time 6

=n+1, made from

- Never together 3r!adivide. AY
collinear points.
For distn x n
VID 3. =1
person!
For 2 For > 2
n
elements: elements: 4. =1
Total
- use logic
Y
6
always n
together
5. =nc,

Or I +,=n
- 2)!
(n -1) (n
VID
B/

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

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 Sequence e Series VIDHYODAY

DHYoDAY
VIDHYO VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY AP /GP
VIDHY

Arithmetic Progression Geometric Progression

VIDH DHYODAY
ViDHY O It is about adding the constant no. to the first term o It is about multiplying the constant no. again.
& again. o Every no. is GM of its previous & succeeding terms.
O Every no. is A.M. of its previous & succeeding no. O First term -a common ratio =r
First Term =a Common difference =d
o Variety no. 1
n=given Tn =?
o Variety -1 series: given value of term =? DHYODAY Tn = ar
VIDH
ViDHY Tn =a +(n-1) d
YAKAuDhY
o Variety -2 n=? Tn =?
o Variety -2 :
series given =
value given n=?
o Variety -3 Series = given Sum =?
o Variety - 3 series: given sum =? ax(r"-1) a(1-r)
(r>1) = S,
o Sn =a+r} or (2a+(n- r)d r-1 1-r
If (r<1)
VIDH o Variety -4 series: given Sum = given no.? DHYoDAY -4
O Variety sum =
given n=?
ViDHY Variety -5 if two non consecutive term are given;
d= Tm-
Tn O Variety - 5 calculation of r in two non consecutive;

o
m- n
r= (Tm n
Variety -6 Insertion of A.M. 's between two no.'s results Tn
in A.P. o Variety - 6 Insertion of GM's
VIDH o Variety -7 Sum's machine =given Term =?
DHYODAY o Variety -7 Sum of infinity series.
VIDHY a
Soo =
1-r

VIDHYO VDHYODA
DHYAKA UDAY

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 Sets, Function
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY
e Relations VIDHY A
KA U iDHYA KA uDAY
VIDHYOL
IDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY

Sets Relations Function

VIDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY
IvYODAY
ViDHYA DAY
VIDhYwe
A

KA UDAY
VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA

VIDHY YODAY VID Types

Basics Types Basics Types VIDHYOD Basics
VI

"It is a well defined group 1. Universal Set:contains Every subset of a Reflexive "Every R is not F but every Into
of distinct objects" all the objects. Cartesian product of A={1,2,3} F is a R."
KA
AxB is called relation. R={(1,1)(2,2) (3,3)}
2. Subset every element
:

of A is in B. ACB all a,aeR 'No two ordered pairs

V
Expression One to One
3. Superset : every should have same first
Roaster Set element of A is in Symmetric
element
B. BOA Onto
A={1,2,3}
(Listing) Builder Domain = pre image
4. Null Set:, 0 element. R={(1,2)(2,1)
5. Equal Set: Every (2,3)(3,2)} 2 KA
• Cardinal no. = no. of a, be R =
element of is in B&
A One to Many then b,a= R Range Image
elements in a set
V
vice versa.
No. of subsets = 2" 6. Equivalent Set :n (A) = Transitive
Constant
Proper subsets =2"-1 n (B) A={1,2,3}
7. Power Set: Set of all
R={(1,2)(2,3)(1,3)})
Co domain
Range
subsets. Many to One a, be R & b,ce R then, 2 ** 5
a, ce R

VI
Inverse
SRT Xy
= Equivalence yx
Many to Many Composite

FOG FOF GOG GOF

K.0.
V

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 DifferentialCaleulus VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

ViDHYA KA UDA iDHYA KA upAN ViDHYAKAUD AY
Six Basic Rules of For Two Functions
Differentiation
yIDHYODAY VIDHYoD h(x)=f(x) g(r)DAY VIDHYO
d
(e) =eKAuD (Sum/Difference of function) dx VIDHYAKA

VIDHYOYd (a) = alog,a VIDHYOrd (constant) = 0 VIDHYOAY VIDHYO

hc)= f)0)+
ViDHYA KA d VIDHYAK
dy
ViDHYA KA h(x)=f(r). g(x) VIDHYA KA g)V))
(Product of functions)
=
e) =
ae* ogr) YOD Vf)ODAY VIDHYO
viDhaKA UDAY ViDHYA KA UD
h(x)
=
g(r)KA uDAY a (h(x)) =
d
(g()}2 VIDHYA KA
Note: f(x)} = cf'(x) c being constant. (Quotient offunction)
VIDHYOdY VIDHYODAY VIDHYAY VIDHYODAY VDHYODA
VIDHYA KA UD VDHYA KA

VUEYOD Application of Differentiation VIDHYo

Total Cost C(X)YAKA uDAY VIDHYA KA
Average cost (AC or C)
=
Marginal Revenue: It is the rate of change in revenue per unit change in
Out Put X
output. f R is the revenue and x is the output, then MR= dR
(AVC)Yariabte Cost ) VIDHYODAY
VIDHYOAverage variable cost VIDHYOD
Out Put
VIDHY A
KA
Fixed Cost F(x)
VIDHYA KA uo
Profit function: Profit P(x), the diference of between total revenue R(x)
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
=
and total Cost C (x).
Out Put P(X) =
VIDHYODAY V.DHYODAY R()-C(xY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO
Marginal Cost: IfC{x) the total cost producing x units then VIDHYA KA
the increase in cost in producing one more unit is called Marginal Profit: It rate of change profit per unit change in dP
is in
an x as dC output i.e. dp
VIDHYOd marginal cost at output level of units and is given dsDHYODAY dx
VIDHYODA
ViDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
lfy is any function then dx represent the slope
of *

VIDHYAKAL KA UD
SIOpe of Curve:
Revenue Function: Revenue, R(x), gives the total oneyDhYA
tangent to the curve.
obtained (Total turnover) by selling x units of a product.
Ifx units are sold at 'P per unit, then R{x) = PXODAY VDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

ViDHYAKA UDAY
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Participate in our Annual Sport Tournament "CHAK De"
 Intergal Caleulus VIDHYODAY
VIDHYAKA UDAY
VIDHYo
VIDHYA KA
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY NviDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY

6 Basic Rules of Definite DDAY

VID DDAY VID VIDHYO
Integration A
UDAY
Integration KA UDAY
VIDHY VIDHY VIDHYAKA

VIDHYODAY x*10HYODAY VIDYODAY YODAY

Sx"dx = tc,n # -1 UDAY
h
4KA = F(b) -F(a) KA UDAY
VIDHYAKA UDAY
n+1 VIDH

Sdx = x+ c,
since 1dx = J x"dx b'is called the upper limit and 'a'the lower limit of integration.
VIDHY =*AY VIDHYO
VIDHYAKA uDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA
= e* +c Important Properties of Definite Intergal
fedx
VIDHYODAY enHYODAY VIDYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY [ed=tKA
aDHYA uDAY VIDH AKA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY

dx
VIDH J logx + c VIDHYOol
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY Vrdx
VIDH =Í fo)dx +| f() dx,
a<c<baA UDAY ViDHYA KA
[adx = +c
logea
VIDHYODAY MIDHYODAY VIDYODAY (ODAY VIDHYODAY
VIDHYAKA LUDAY
viDH KA UDAY VIDHYAKA UDAY
Integration By parts
=
(aFflat ) | f)àx nf()dx
( uvdx =
uJ =
VID vdxTJdx AY
DAY
VID Whcnj

IDHYA KA uDAY
3ODAY iDHYA KAuDAY
VIDHYO
VioHYAKA

Self(*) + f'()]dr = e"f(x) + c

VIDHYODAY
DHYODAY VIDYODAY -a VIDHYoDAY VIDHYODAY
f( x = logf(x) +tc VIDHAKA UDAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY
= o
|f()dx iff(-) --f)
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDVoDAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYAKA UDAY Champions AIT Chart
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 Number Series G Coding-Decoding VIDHYO
VIDHY A KA
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO DAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY

VIL VIDM VIDHYO

Learn by Heart VID What is "Method of Difference"? VIDHYA KA

Squares Questions: 2, 5, 12, 27, 54, 97,?

VIDHYODAY YODAY YODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY
1 = 1,2 = 4,3 =9...-upto 25 = 625 KA UDAY KA UDAY
Mod 2_5_12_27_54_97 160

Cubes 3_7_15_27_43_63
VID
13 = 1,23 = 8,3 = 27 upto 15 =3375 4 8 12 16 20 VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA

Ans. 160
VIDHYODAY YODAY --
ODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY KA UDAY KA UDAY

VIDHYO VIDHYOb VIDHYO

ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY NViDHYA KA uDAY NDHYA KA uoAY VIDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY Alphabet Position Chart VIDHYODAY Thumb Rule of Position VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA KA UD VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY
1
2 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 Alphabet Forward Position +
=
Alphabet Backward Position 27 VIDHYO
A B C D E F G H J M VIDHYODAY IDHYODAY
viDHYA KA UDAY .AKA
Example: Position of "" UDAY VIDHYA KA
X W U T S R P
Forward Position =9.
VIDHYOD
VIDHYA KA UDAY
26 25 24 23 22 21

ViDHYA KA UDAY
20 19 18 17 1 15
VIDHYA KA UDAY
14 Backward Position = 27-9 =(18)
VIDHYA KA UDAY
8VDHYO DAY VIDHYA KA UDAY
What is N Backward Position?
VIDHYODAY 27-14 =(13) ViDHYODAY VIDHYO
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
ViDHYAKA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA

VIDHYoDAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYoDAY VIDVonAY

VIDHYAKA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY VD HYA KA UDAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY Champions II Chart

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 Direction Test VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY DHYA KA DAY

Basic 8 Directions Angles & Direction How to Calculate Distance?

N
VIDHYO
KA U
VIDHYAKA
NE A

NW
45/
VIDHYDA NE
E
90°
F
OHYd
ViDHYA KA UDA 4YA

W E
3
2 ! 2 VIDHYO
YOD
KA U 4 VIDHYA KA
SW SF
AB = (5 + 2)2 + (3+4)2
VIDHYODA
VIDHYA KA UDA Clockwise
HY
HYAK
B =
V49 +
49 =
7V2

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY ViDHYO

VIDHYAKA
If South Becomes NE IfSE Becomes West Shadows base questions
VIDHY
VIDHYA JDA Morning Evening
N

S VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA

Shadow Sun Sun Shadow

VIDHY DA
VIDHYA D
N
W

CNE VIDHYO
ViDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDVnAY

ViDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY Champions AIT Chart
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 VIDHYODAY
Seating Arragement VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY NViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYOnAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO

In Linear Arrangement AKA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDA VIDHYAKA
Circular Arrangement
People Sit Facing North
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY
O VIDHYA KA UDAY vIDHYA KA UDAY DHYA KA UDAY DHYA KA uDAY
4 People 5 People 6 People
VIDHYODAY T Fuce VIDHYODAY YoDAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO
KA UDAY
ViDiA EC] Dl ElHYA DHYA KA UD VIDHYA KA

L Back
YODAY VIYoDAY
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UD viDHYA KAA
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYOl
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY DYAKA uDA OHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA
In the above arrangement Note: Spacing between any two person shouid be same.
B& A are to the left of C.
VIDHYODAYn. VIDHYODAY A VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA
D&Eare to the right of C.DHYODAY
KA UDAY
VIDHYODAY
KA VIDHYA DAY VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY
UDhnic imnediate left of G.
ViDHYA
B

D
There are two persons between A & D.
is third to the right of
VIDH
A.
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA uDAY G
VIL\pDAY
-VIDH C
A ..
is Diametricaly opposite to E, H to D and so on
VIDHYO
VDHYA KA

Gis second to left ofE.

VIDHYG yIDHYODY
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
D Gis third to right of B.
ViDHYA KA UDAY NViDHYA KA UDAY
lviDHYAA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY
E
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO
VIDHYAKA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDYenaY

VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYAKA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY Champions AIT Chart

You will be shocked to know, Every year Our Student takes admission in SRCC
 DAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO VIDHYODAY
Blood Relations UDAY ViDHYAKA UDAY ViDHYA KA VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA uDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO

VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYAKA UDAY VIDHYAKA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYAKA

VIDHY VIDHYOD4
LE
ViDHYA
Gender Representation Different Relationship Levels Sample Family Tree

(a) Mother (b)Sister -Brother YO

Male
IDH A

1 IDHY KA

Daughter
DHY D E
1 Female
HYA

(c) Grand Mother (d) Aunt

IDH A is a Grand Father of F F

Spouse DHYA
Niece B is a Mother of C &D KA

Cis a Sister-in-Law of E

VI HY F is a Nephew of C

Siblings YA a Father-in-Law of E
A is
Grand Daughter C&Dare siblings
VIDHYO D&E are Spouse DHYO
ViDHYAKA DHYA KA

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA
UDAY VIDHYA KA uDAY VIDHYAKA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO

VIDHYAKA UDAY VIDHYAKA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYAKA

VIDHYoDAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY Champions II Chart

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 DHYODAY VIDHYODAY
Stalistical Distribution ofData iDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

ViDHYA KA UDAY KA UDAY

DHYO
Meaning, History's Collection of Representation Analysis of Misc. terms & OHYAKA
Limitations Data of Data Data Formulae
VIDHYODAY
ViDHYODAY

VIDHYODAY VDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

Meaning VDHYA KA uDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY iDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODA Primary TextualIDHYOD Tabular Graphical No. of class IntervalsDHYO

IDHYA KAUD VFirst time VIDHY
V Unpopularkh V Preferred Method Line chartAvNo. of
class IntervalsoHYA KA
Accurate / Difficult to V Represented in V 2-D
Max. - Min.
Singular Plural Tailor made interpret table format Discrete
V
Class Length
{Collection VReliable VParts of variable
table:DAY
{Data Science) UDAY ViDHYAKA • Table % of relative frequency
of data} KA consuming no.AKA UDAY• Bar chart
Stub• 2-D Class frequency
• History VIDH
Interview VILo VIDHYOi Heading
•
• Sub-heading
Continous
variableODAY Total frequencyDHYO
1.
French- Statistique ViDHY KAA DAY Frequency DensityDHYA KA
• Caption • Pie chart
2. Italian - Statista Class frequency
3. German - Statistic
Body of the table 1-D
Direct Telephone Indirect viDHYCAY
4. Latin- Status (one to (surveys) (accidents) VIDHYoDAY •FootnoteHYODAY Angle
VIDHYA KA UDAY one) viDHYAKA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY
Amount of
Mail Questionnaire segment
•Limitations x 360
1. Aggregation
ViDH oDAY (Speak Asia) VIYODA VIDHYODAY
Total amount
VIDHDAY VIDHYO
2. Certain assumptions
ViDA KA UDAY SDHYA KA UDAY DHYA KA uDAY ViDHYA KA
3. Random sampling Enumerators
4.Quantitative Data
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY Observation upAY ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO

VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY Champions AII Chart
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 Central Tendency aiRH Property
A of
A of
origin
scale
A of sign
•AM 2GM2HM Relationship:
•GM=yAMX HM Mode:3md-2X
mo.X=3imd-X)
Quantitative Positional
Average Average

AM GM HM MEDIAN MODE

Sum .
• Average formula = GM is best measure of CT Used for variables having Individual Individual
no Most repeated no.
for ratios & percentages. reciprocal relationship
at median
Formula Individual •
Formula Discrete
(axbac... ) Individual Discrete No. with highest frequency
Properties HM=
1. the most popular
A.M. is
Discrete 1

X1"
1

X2
soi Continuos
Find out model class & use.
measure of CT. S.01 Locate in C.F.
Discrete Formula
:

2. Sum of deviations from A.M.

is always 0. Continuos HM= 2
S.03 3 arT S median MO = 1, h
fn (2r,-,-4,
Xx-X=0
(M,"xM,f2)7 X1 X2*Xn Continuos
S.OI follow discrete
3. Combined A.M. can be HM=
It is not uniquely defined.
calculated. fi f2 fn S.02 M-142
m1 mn2 m,n
Calculated using Histogram.
X,n, +X.n: Md is not affected by extremities
Mode
IAH GIA Q is imp of the observations
ni + n2
Unimodel Bimodel Multimodel
4. Mean can be calculated using HM is the reciprocal of AM Sum ofabsolute deviation
assumed mean formula from median is minimum.
X=A+d •
Combined HM
X-d |= minimum
nl+n2 Calculated through Ogive.
A.M. can not be n1 n2
represented graphically. HM1 HM2 Partition Values
n+1 ||
l4/10/100h term
=

=
Value orderx
6. (x- minimum

Quartiles Deciles Percentilex

Best for open' end classification

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 qaH Property VIDHYo

Measures
VID
of Dispersion VID
Á of origin
A of scale
x VoHYA KA

VIDI DDAY A of sign * AY

VIDH [Measures of Dispersion] "Second order of averages" AUDAY AUDAY

Absolute MOD Relationship Between MD, QD & S.D. Relative MODDHYO

HYA KA

4 S.D. = 5 MD = 6QD {4,5,6 b HHocz qi)

VIDHYC HYODAY
VIDHYA K
DAY YAKA UDAY uDAY

MeanRRange
Deviation
QuartileYoDA
Deviation
Standard
Deviation
M.D. Range 0.D. VariationYo
KA

Max Value - Min Coeff. Of M.D. Coeff of Range Coeff of 0.D. Coeff of variation
Q.D.=
M.D. =
Value = Range 2 S.D. =
n M.D. Max-Min Q,-1 x 100 S.Dx100
-x100 x100
Max + Min Q, +Q,
Or
* easiest & *It is best suited n
for open end used to
It is
*

Zx- Xm| quickest S.D.

=
(sigma) Coeff of 0.D.
to calculate classification measure KA
n
dispersion,
as it is based S.D' =
variance Q.D:100 consistency
on middle 50%
ualues Vvariance = S.D. M,
Or
XX- Xmol
For first n natural VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDA
no.s
n *Also called as n'-1
S.D.=12
semi inter VIDHYODAY VIDHYO
If frequencies of quartile range. If frequenciesof all DHYA KA UDAY Decision rule : Lower the better. VDHYA KA

all obscrvations observations are same,

are same, count cOunt them once only.
them only once, S.D. between 2 no's VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
la-b AY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY
M.D,
from 2
Median is
minimum. Combined S.D. BVIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYO
n (of
+di)+n{o; + d;) VDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA
n.+n.
d, = Xg-X, VIDHYODAY
AY VIDHYA KA UDAY Champions AIT Chart

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 VIDHYODAY
Probabilily VIDHYODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYOL
VIDHYAKA
VIDHYA KA UDAY

UDAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY
IYODAY 1 VIDHYo
VIDHYODA IDHYC

DHYA KAUDAY VIDHYA KAUD VIDHYA AUDAY VDHYA KA

Basics Terminology P&C Exp. Value Venn Conditional

Diagram Probability

P(AI- Fav. • Exp. = G hI • Mostly combination Nothing but weighted 1) AUB= A+B-ANB Probability of A when B

Total (balls, cards, avg. has already occurred

Random Exp= 2) ANB
outcome is not know committee. geometry • E(x)= Z px P(A/B)
Odds in favour =m:n . figures etc.) P(A NB)
Exhaustive =
• Sum of probability =1 Dependent Independent
AxB P(B)
Odds in against =n:m Union =1 Zp=1
Fav. 3)Only A
x
Equally likely = 4 Total 9r bracket YIAI
A- ANB
a

P(A)= qIqT P(A)=P(B) expression For e.g.

P(A)=
Fav= with 4) Only B
m+n m+n
Mutually Exclusive
change x. P(A/B)
48c =0
restrictions • Properties:
B- ANB
_P(NB)
P(ANB)=0 Total = w/o restriction E(xty)= E(x) + E(y)
= KE P(B)
E(Kx) (x)
3Coins 2Dice Cards Sure event 5) AnB
P(A)=1
E(x+y) =
E(x) / Ely)
-UB=1-AUB =1- P(AnB)
E(xxy)= E(x)× E(y) 1-P(B)
HHH {(1). 52 •
Impossible Event . UB = 1 - P(AUB)
HHT (1,6) Variance
Red26 P(A)=0
HTH 6) AUB
Black26 = E[X-e(X)]²
THH (2,1). Dependent formula =
TTT (2,6) P(ANB)= P(A)* P(B/A) nB 1- P(A U B)
13 13 13 13
TTH .
Independent
THT (6,1) ... club spades qot = P{A)x P(B) 7)
A=
HTT (6,6)} HDCS 1-A

Hearts 8) B

Diamonds 1-B

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY Champions IT Chart
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 VIDHYODAY
Theoretical Distribution VIDHYODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYO
VIDHYA KA VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY ViDHYoDAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYoDAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY KAUDAY

IDHYODAY DHYO
Binomial DHY
Poission Normal HYA KA

VIDHYO
ViDHYA KA
Given by James Bournouli Given by Simon Poission Given by Carl Gauss (Continuous Distribution)
(Discrete Distribution) (Discrete Distribution) Also called Gaussion distribution
VIDPN AY IDHYO
Formula :
P(x=r)='Cxp'xq" ViDH Formula P(x=r)=Xm DAY Formula DHYA KA

VIDHYO Applicability :Future |PM I Applicability :no0

ViDHYA KA p+0 Properties
np
Finite Independent infinite
{Flight Example)
1. It is bi-parametric X-N(u.o)
Trials Events ViD 2. It is bell shaped curve. DHYO
Probability :Six - Sense AY 3. It is symmetrical around mean.
VIDH
Properties DAY DHYA KA
Mutually 4. Standard Results:
Exclusive Events 1. mean = np
Hto=68.30%, ut2o=95.50%, u+3g=97.70%
VIDHYO Properties 2. variance = mean
Fix Rate free, Shine Life Life, Shine Shine Raven
VIDHYA KA 3. Uniparametric
1. Mean = np (only m is parameter) 5. Points of inflexion
2. Variance = npq 4. mode = nxp uto
3. Mean =Variance VIDHY AY -o
DHYO
4. Biparametric B(n, P) VIDHYA DAY
6. 4, 5, 6 , DHYA KA

5. Max. Variance =
Decimal Integer
lgnore Decimal: Bimodal: 4.S.D. =5 M.D. =5 Q.D.
VIDHYOD 6. Mode = (n+1)xp Unimodal Case Ans, Ans-1
7. Standard Normal Variate
ViDHYAKA Uo can be approximated with P.D.
5. B.D.
g=1
Decimal Integer 6. Combined Poission Distribution
lgnore Decimal; Bimodal: 8. Quartiles
Unimodal Case P(x+y=rembn (ml+m2Y
Ans, Ans-1 VIDHY r! AY Q,=u-0.6750 DHYO
DHYA KA
7.Combined binomial Distribution VIDHYA DAY
Normal Curve
P(x+y=r-ln@c XP'xO"thnzr
Q,=ut0.6750
VIDHYoDAY VWIDFYODAY VIDFYODAY VIDFYODAY
ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYAKA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY Champions
viDHYA KA UDAY
AlT Chart
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 VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY TaifH Property
Correlation ViDHYA KA UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY A
A
A
of origin x
of scale
HYODAY VIDHYODAY of sign
ADHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDH

VIDHYO
Correlation( Measures thedegree of linear relationship between two variables) ViDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY PAY PDAY rODAY VID ODAY

cia VIDHYAKA UDAY UDAY UDAY KA UDAY KA UDAY

Scatter Rank Concurrent Karl

Diagram Correlation Deviation Pearson VIDHYO
ViDHYA KA

It only tell us the nature DDA ODA YODN, r Cov(K,y)

AYODAY
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY
of correlation & not KA UDAY
AUDAY KA UDA AKAU A
degree of correlation
Five Diagrams nExy-ExEy
n= no. of observations. If there is negative ynEx* (Ex)ny' - (Ey) VIDHYO
r= tve d= differencc of ranks no inside the root, ViDHYA KA
r is going to be Cov(x,y)
negative.
r=-ve Sum of
difference of 2(X-)(Y-)
SZVDHYODAY DDAY 0. ODA YOD HYODAY
ranks is always m= no. of observations U
n
VIDHYA KA UDAY AUDAY CA UDA AKA AKA uDAY
r=+1 compared =n -1.
ranlksare exactly
If Cov (X, desides the nature
Y)

of correlation
r=-1 opposite then r =-1. c= no. of concurrent VIDHYO
deviation (+' s) -1srs+1 VIDHYA KA
Even if ranks are
r=0
reversed, it remains n is a pure no. (unit frcc).
VIDHYODAY Correlation of Straight DDAY Same. (ODA YOD =
HYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY line is always +1 or -1. AUDAY KA UDA AKA L
Coefficient of determination
AKA UDAY
It depends upon the 1-r² (Unexplained variance)
direction between x & y.
Equation of a Straight P.E-0.675/1-z VIDHYO
Line is ax + by =C VIDHYA KA
Proportion --> decides
1 or Product Moment
not
VIDHYODAY direction --> decides + correlation (nick name)
bDAY ODA IYOD Useful for variables having Champions
VIDHYA KA UDAY Or - A UDAY KA UDA AKA U A K
only linear relationship. AII Chart
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 ODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

Regression KA UDAY

VIDHYODA
vIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY
aiftH Property
A of origin *
VID A of scale
viDHYA KA UDAY UDAY ViDHYA KA UDAY
A of sign

VIDHYODAY
Regression
DAY
VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYAKA UDAY
viDHYA KA UDAY
viDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA

VIDHYODAY YODAY YODAY

VIDHYA KA UDAY Regression KA UDAY KA UDAY

Equations Properties
VIDHYO
Unlike r, it tells us the exact increase in price of y if x
1) Regression lines intersect each other at (X-ie. viDHYAKA
mean. (K.0.
is increased or vice versa.
2) Correlation coefficients is GM of regression coefficient.
There are two equations: ODAY YODAY
VIDHYODAY r=b, xb,,
1. Y on xto calculate y. KA UDAY KA UDAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY
2. X on y tocalculate x.
3) The product of regression coefficients should be s 1.
VID b xb s1
Y on x>Y-Y=byx(X-X) VID VIDHYO
VIDH iDH IDHYA KA
X on y> X-X=bxy (Y-Y)
4) one coefficients is greater than unity the other should
If

be less than unity.

VIDHYODAY byx=r Y (t frt tài) ODAY YoDAY
5) byx, bxy &rare all of samesign.
VIDHYA KA UDAY KA UDAY KA UDAY
bxy =r 6) Regression lines are made using least squares
deviation method.
VID VID 7) ratA Property:A of origin x A of scale A of sign VIDHYO
Popular Questions :
vIDHYA
VIDH 8) r=0 regression lines are perpendicular, if r±1, lines KA
1
Lines = given slope =? will coincide.
2 Lines= given r=? 9) YEH H?
VIDHYODAY =
ODAY YoDAY
3 Slopes given r=? Calculate b &b s1
KA UDAY S.01
VIDHYA KA UDAY KA UDAY
4 Lines = given mean=? By assuming one line as
5 qra BH? Y on x & another as x on y

VID VID S.02 Check if vb, xb, s1 VIDHYO

VIDHY vIDH ViDHYA KA
S.03 Yes assumption is true.
No opposite is true.

VIDHYODAY DHYoDAY
VIDEC VIDHYODAY
viDHYA KA UDAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYAKA UDAY Champions II Chart

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 m

VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY VIDHY VIDHYODAY

Inder No. VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA K

VIDHYODAY
VIDHYA KA UDAY

VIDHYAKA UDAY VIDHYAKA UE

CY value, when B.Y value is assumed to be 100. E.g. ViDHYA KA UDAY

Sensex (1978-79) 1ndex no. is a pure no.

VIDHYOD VIDHYODAY VIDHYODAY

VIDHYODA VIDHYO
iDHYA KA UDAY VIDHYA KA

Simple Method Weighted Method Special Points

VIDHYCr
KA
ViDHYA

Aggregative Relative EP, w'] Test Inflation Base Shifting Salary

Laspeyer=2g, Deflation & CBI 0.s
H
Lx100 n
1) Unit test unit free (Index No - 100) CBI C.Y.Salary
(Base year Q.) =
VIDHY satisfied by all. Inflation % C.Y. Index
ViDHYA KA
I,=x100 Passche 2P4, -
LR×PYCBI
B.Y. Index
2) Time Reversal 100
Deflated value =
Test P, x P =1 mean B.Y. dh LR=
CYPrice
-x100
B.Y.
Salary
Kelly, MEW, Prev.Price
value
(Current year Q.) B.Y.Salary
Fishers Simple C.Y.Value
5 (ldeal) aggregative C.Y. Index
x100 B.Y.Index
C.Y.Index
Satisfy TRT
=C.Y.
VIDHYC Fishers =/ LaxPa 3)Circular Test
Salary
VIDHYA KA
Lax Pa •
Dorbish & Bowley = Extension Today' salary
2 of TRT - should
=
Marshall Edgeworth have been
Real gain.
x
2 Fisher
P01= •
Should have
VIDHYC Kelley
2 been Today's
VIDHYA K

aggregative
Va,9, salary = D.A.
Walsh (/Poy)= 4) Factor Reversal
P, x4o=V
Weight = 941 Fisher's v
(kelly) P9 ix100
VIDHYd ZP,9,
ViDHYA KA
Champions lI Chart

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