Heat EXchanger

5
5.1 In shell and tube heat exchanger, baffles
are (c)Same for both parallel and cOunter flow heat
mainly used to exchangers
(a)increase the mixing offluid (d) Depending on the properties of fluid

(b) increase the heat transfer area 2002: 1 Mark

(c) deflect the flow in desired direction 5.6 Inacounter flow heat exchanger, for the hot fluid the
(d) reduce fouling of the tube surface heat capacity = 2 kJkgk, mass flow rate =
5 kg/s.
[1991:1Mark] inlet temperature = 150°C, outlet temperature

5.2 The practice to use steam on the shell side and =

100°C. For the cold fiuid, heat capacity =4 kJikgk
water on the tube side in condensers of steam mass flow rate 10 kg/s, inlet temperature=20 C
=

power plant is because Neglecting heat transfer to the surroundings. the

(a) to increase overall HT coefficient, water side outlet temperature of the cold fluid in °C is
velocity can be increased if water is on the (a) 7.5 (b) 32.5
tube side (c) 45.5 (d) 70.0 [2003: 2 Marks]
(b) condenser can act as a storage unit for
condensed steam 5.7 In a condenser, water enters at 30°C and flows at
(c) rate of condensation of steam is invariably the rate 1500 kg/hr. The condensing steam is at a
smaller than the mass flow rate of coling water temperature of 120°C and cooling water leaves
(d) it is easier to maintain vacuum on the shell the condenser at 80°C. Specific heat of water is
side than on the tube side 4.187 kJkgk. If the overall heat transfer coetficient
[1994 1 Mark] is 2000 W/m2K, the heat transfer area is
5.3 In certain heat exchanger, both the fluids have
(a) 0.707 m2 (b) 7.07 m
(c) 70.7 m2 (d) 141.4 m2
identical mass flow rate specific heat product. The
hot fluid enters at 76°C and leaves at 47°C, and [2004 2 Marks]
the cold fluid entering at 26°C leaves at 55°C, the 5.8 Hot oil is cooled from 80 to 50°C in an oil cooler
effectiveness of the HE is which uses air as the coolant. The air temperature
(a) 0.16 (6) 0.58 rises from 30 to 40°C. The designer uses a LMTD
c) 0.72 (d) 1.0 value of 26°C. The type of heat exchanger is
[1997 2 Marks] (a) parallel flow (b) double pipe
5.4 Air enters a counter flow HE at 70°C and leaves at (c) counter flow (d) cross flow
40°C. Water enters at 30°C and leaves at 50°C, [2005: 2 Marks]
the LMTD in degree °C is
5.9 In a counterflow heat exchanger, hot fluid enters
(a) 5.65 (b) 14.43
at 60°C and cold fluid leaves at 30°C. Mass flow
(c) 19.52 (d) 20.17
rate of the hot fluid is 1 kg/s and that of the cold
[2000: 2 Marks]
5.5 For the same inlet and exit temperatures of the fluid is 2 kg/s. Specific heat of the hot fluidis
hot and cold fluids, the 10 kJ/kgK and that of the cold fiuid is 5 kJ/kgk.
log mean temperature The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) or
difference(LMTD) is
the heat exchanger in °C is
(a) Greater for parallel filow heat exchanger than
(a) 15 (b) 30
for counter flow heat exchanger
c) 35 (d) 45
(b) Greater for counter flow heat exchanger than
[2007 2 Marks]
for parallel flow heat exchanger
 Heat Transfer
ADE EASY|
M A D

5.10 The logarithmic mean temperature difference 449

5.14 Water (c
LM LMTD) of a counter flow heat exchanger is 20°C. 4.18kJkgK) at 80°C enters a counter
=

cold fluid enters at 20 and the hot fluid enters flow heat
The exchanger with a mass flow rate of
ot 100°C. Mass flow rate of the cold fluid is twice 0.5 kg/s. Air
(c 1 kJ/kgK) enter at 30°C with a
=

that of the hot fluid. Specific heat at constant mass flow rate 2.09 kg/s. If the effectiveness of
ressure of the hot fluid is twice that of the the heat exchanger is 0.8, the LMTD
cold (in °C) is
fuid. The exit temperature of the cold fluid (a) 40 (b) 20
(a) is 40°C (c10 (d) 5
(b) is 60°C
[2012:2 Marks]
(c) is 80°C
5.15 In a condenser of a power plant, the steam
(d) cannot be determined
[2008: 2 Marks] condenses at a temperature of 60C. The cooling
A11 Ina parallel flow heat exchanger operating under water enters at 30°C and leaves at 45°C. The
steady state, the heat capacity rates (product of Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)
specific heat at constant pressure and mass flow of the condenser is
rate) of the hot and cold fluid are equal. The hot (a) 16.2°C (b) 21.6°C
fluid, flowing at 1 kg/s with (c) 30C (d) 37.5°C
C,= 4 kJ/kgK, enters
the heat exchanger at 102°C while the cold fluid [2011:1 Mark]
has an inlet temperature of 15°C. The overall heat
5.16 In a heat exchanger, it is observed that
transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger is AT = AT2 where AT, is the temperature
estimated to be 1 kW/mK and the corresponding difference between the two single phase fluid
heat transífer surface area is 5 m?. Neglect heat streams at one end and AT, is the temperature
transfer between the heat exchanger and the difference at the other end. This heat exchanger
ambient. The heat exchanger is characterized by
the following relation: (a) a condenser
2E = 1 - expt(-2NTU). The exit temperature
(6) an evaporator
(in °C) for the cold fluid is (c) a counter flow heat exchanger
(a) 45 (b) 55 (d) a parallel flow heat exchanger
(c) 65 (d) 75 [2009 2 Marks] [2014 1 Mark, Set-2]
5.12 An industrial gas ( , = 1 kJkgK) enters a parallel
5.17 Ina concentric counter flow heat exchanger, water
flow heat exchanger at 250°C with a flow rate of
flows through the inner tube at 25°C and leaves
2 kg/s to heat a water stream. The water stream
at 42°C. The engine oil enters at 100°C and flows
(c=4 kJ/kgk) enters the heat exchangerat 50°C
in the annular flow passage. The exit temperature
with a flow rate of 1 kg/s. The heat exchanger has
of the engine oil is 50°C. Mass flow rate of water
an effectiveness of 0.75. The gas stream exit
and the engine oil are 1.5 kg/s and 1 kg/s,
temperature will be
and oil
(a) 75°C (b) 100°C respectively. The specific heat of water
(d) 150°C are 4178 J/kgK and 2130 JkgK, respectively.
(c) 125°C
[2010 2 Marks] The effectiveness of this heat exchanger is

from 20°C
5.13 Cold waterflowing at 0.1 kg/s is heated [2014:2 Marks, Set-2]
heat exchanger by
to 70°C in a counter flow type
at 0.1 kg/s and entering 5.18 A double pipe counter flow heat exchanger
a hot water stream flowing

at 90°C. The specific heat of water is 4200 J/(kgk) transfers heat between two water streams. Tube
If the overall heat
kg/ms. side water at 19 litre/s is heated from 10°C to
38°C.
and density is 1000
transfer coefficient U for
the heat exchanger is Shell side water at 25 litre/s is entering at
46°C.
heat exchange area Assume constant properties of water, density
is
2000 W/(m?K), the required
The
(in m) is 1000 kg/m3 and specific heat is 4186 J/kgK.
(b) 0.525 LMTD (in C) is .
(a) 0.052
(c) 0.151
(d) 0.202 (2014: 2 Marks, Set-3]
[2011 2 Marks]
450
5.19 Saturated vapor is condensed to saturatedliquid in
a condenser. The heat capacity ratio is C, =min
The effectiveness(e) of the condenser is
max
1-exp-NTU(1+C,)]
(a)
1+C
1-expi-NTU(1-C.)
(D1+ CI-NTU(1-C,))
NTU
(c) 1+NTU
(d) 1-exp(-NTU)
[2015 1 Mark, Set-3]
5.20 A balanced counter flow heat exchanger has a
surface area of 20 m2 and overall heat transfer
coefficient of 20 W/m?K. Air (c, = 1000 J/kgk)
entering at 0.4 kg/s and 280 K is to be preheated
by the air leaving the system at 0.4 kg/s and 300o
K. The temperature (in K) of the preheated air is
(a) 290 (6) 300
c) 320 (d) 350
[2015 2 Marks, Set-2]
5.21 Consider a parallel-flow heat exchanger with area
A and a counter-flow heat exchanger with area
A. In both the heat exchangers, the hot stream
flowing at 1 kg/s cools from 80°C to 50°C. For the
cold stream in both the heat exchangers, the flow
rate and the inlet temperature are 2 kg/s and 10°C,
respectively. The hot and cold streams in both
the heat exchangers are of the same fluid. Also,
both the heat exchangers have the same overall
heattransfer coefficient. The ratio AJA, is
[2016: 2 Marks, Set-2]
5.22 For a heat exchanger, AT,max is the maximum
temperature difference and ATnin is the minimum
temperature difference between the two fluids.
LMTD is the log mean temperature difference.
Cmin and Cmax are the minimum and the maximum
heat capacity rates. The maximum possible heat
transfer (Qma) between the two fluids is
(a) Cmin LMTD (b) Cmin ATmax
(c) Cmax A max (d) Cmax min
[2016:1 Mark, Set-3]
5.23 Saturated steam at 100°C condenses on the
outside of a tube. Cold enters the tube at 20°C
and exits at 50°C. The value of the Log Mean
Temperature Difference (LMTD) is C.
[2017: 1 Mark, Set-1]
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: ME MADE EASY
5.24 In a counter-flow heat exchanger, water is heata
ated
at the rate of 1.5 kg/s from 40°C to 80°C by an
oil entering at 120°C and leaving at 60°C. The
specific heats of water and oil are 4.2 kJ/kgk and
2 kJ/kgk, respectively. The overall heat transfer
coefficient is 400 W/m?K. The required heat
transfer surface area (in m2) is
(a) 0.104 (b) 0.022
(c) 10.4 (d) 21.84
(2017 2 Marks, Set-2]
5.25 Steam in the condenser of a thermal power plant
is to be condensed at a temperature of 30°C with
cooling water which enters the tubes of the
condenser at 14°C and exits at 22°C. The total
surface area of the tubes is 50 m. and the overall
heat transfer coefficient is 2000 W/m2. The heat
transfer (in MW) to the condenser is
(correct to two decimal places).
[2018 2 Marks, Set-2]
5.26 Hot and cold fluids enter a parallel flow double
tube heat exchanger at 100°C and 15°C
respectively. The heat capacity rates of hot and
cold fluids are C = 2000 W/K and C. = 1200 WK
respectively. If the outlet temperature of the cold
fluid is 45 °C, the log mean temperature difference
(LMTD) of the heat exchanger is K (round
off to two decimal places).
[2019 2 Mark, Set-2]
5.27 In a concentric tube counter-flow heat exchanger
hot oil enters at 102°C and leaves at 65°C. Cold
water enters at 25°C and leaves at 42°C. The log
°C
mean temperature difference(LMTD)is
(round off to one decimal place).
[2020: 1 Mark, Set-1]
5.28 A shell and tube heat exchange is used as a
steam condenser. Coolant water enters the tube
at 300 K at a rate of 100 kg/s. The overall heat
transfer coefficient is 1500 W/m2.K, and total heat
transfer area is 400 m2. Steam condenses at a
saturation temperature of 350 K. Assume that the
specific heat of coolant water is 4000 J/kg.K. The
temperature of the coolant water coming out of
the condenser is - K (round off to the
nearest integer).
[2021 2 Marks, Set-2]
 ADE
MAD
EASY
Heat Transfer
451
Answers Heat Exchanger

5.1 () 5.2 (d) 5.3 (b) 5.4 (b) 5.5 (b) 5.6 (b) 5.7
(a)5.8 (d)
(b) 5.10 (c) 5.11 (b) 5.12 (b) 5.13
5.9 (b) 5.14 (c)5.15 (b) 5.16 ()
5.17 (0.6676) 5.18 (11.02) 5.19 (d) 5.20 (a) 5.21 (0.927) 5.22 (b)
6.23 (63.82)
5.24 (d) 5.25 (1.154) 5.26 (57.71) 5.27 (49.3) 5.28 (339)

Explanations Heat Exchanger

S6 (6
Baffles are mainly used to deflect the flow in
ph 2000 JkgK; m= 5 kg/s;
desired direction.
Cpc4000 J/kgK; Thi 150°C; m =10 kg/s
T 20C Teo?
Heat lost by hot fluid = Heat gained by cold fluid
If the steam is maintained on the shell side
whatever the vacuum obtained due to m,pnT-Th=m, CpcTeo-Te
5x 2000 x (150-10o)
condensation of steam are rather because of
change in specific volume of steam due to
= 10 x 4000(TaoT
condensation can be easily maintained i.e. air Teo 32.5 C
leaked into the condensor can be easily extracted. 5.7 t
steam 120°C
120°C

C,T-T water
80°C

Cmin-o
Here, C,= G 30°C

2 76-47 0.58 120°-30°= 90°C

T 76-26 6, =

6,=120°-80° 40°C
Mass flow rate,

15000.4167 kg/s
3600
LMTD= - 8 2
Log mean temperature difference,
61-6290-40
= 90T*61.65 C

For counter flow HEE

n(9040
20°C
6 70-50 10°C
=

From energy balance,

= 40-30 = Q mcowAl= UA®,m
20-10 0.4167 x 4.187 x1000 x 50
= 14.43°C
LMTD 2000 xAx61.65
(20)
in10 or A 0.707 m2
452 GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: ME| MADE EASY

Given data
809
T1=60°C; Tee 30°C: m,= 1 kg/s
m= 2 kg/s; C= 10 kJ/kgk; © = 5 kJkgk

50°C
Hot fluid
h2
|40°C
30°C Ta Cold fluid ct
Parallel flow

Length
80°C Heat lost by hot fluid
= Heat gained by cold fluid
T 50°C
m,cT-Tra)=meTea-Te)
40'c
1x 10(60- Tha)=2 x 5(30-To)
30°C or 60-Th2=30-Tet
he-e1 60-30 =30°C
Counter flow heat exchanger
If 6,-2
For parallel flow Then LMTD=,=0 30°C

-2 10-
100°C

(80-30)-(50-40) Tca Tn2

In0-30

(50-40 20°C
T 24.85°C
which is less than consider LMTD ie., 26°C
For counter flow m 2m
G 20
By energy balance
In mCnTe = moe(To-T)
(80-40)-(50-30)
80-40
in 50-30
T-T Te-a
i.e.
40-20
(40 LMTD --Ta)
In20 In
me28.85°C n T-Ta
which is greater than considered LMTD ie, 26°C.
Hence cross flow is better for given problem. LMTD = -82
 nec
M A D EE A S Y

I 453

Let,
B2 1x
4
1.25
E
Bx-1)
Inx 1-exp(-2 NTU)
2
m lim
1
-
In x

0
1-exp(-2X1.25)_
2
0.46
Since The maximum possible heat transfer rate,
Now applying L'Hospital rule rmaxrin (Th1-Tes)
= 4x (102 15) 348 kW
= 6 Actual rate of heat transfer,
Given -20°C
Q emax
T-o 20C = 0.46 x 348 160 kW
100 o = 20°C also Q C a let
or T 80°C 160 4x (Tc2- 15)
O Te 55 C
5.12 (b
1:Inlet mcoh 2 x 1 x 103 2 kJ/Ks
Thi 2:Outlet mcoc 1 x 4 x 103 4 kJ/Ks
=

min h - 2 kJ/Ks
h2
c2
ChT-)
Te Cn
CmnT-T)
Parallel flow heat exchanger
2x250-1h
0.75 2x(250-50)
h1 102C
ct 15°C 100°c
m= 1 kg/s
5.13 (b
Oph4 kJ/kgk C C. = 0.1 x 4200 = 420 J/s
Overall heat transfer coefficient,
U- 1 kW/m?K C(T-T) C,(T,-T)
Heat transfer surface area,
A = 5 m2
90°C
Given: , 20°C
mpcm,coh= 1x 4 4 kJ/sK
=

70°C 40°C
Neglect heat transfer between the heat exchanger e, 20°C
and the ambient. 20°C
by the
The heat exchanger is characterized
following relation
2E = 1 -exp (-2 NTU) Counter flow heat exchanger

1-exp(-2 NTU) (70-20)= 90-

o 2
T 40C
NTU= UA LMTD , =B2
Cmin
454 GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: ME MADE EASV
CT-Te =UA(LMTD) 5.17 Sol
420x 50 Ax2000 x 20 n100°CC
O A 0.525 m2

5.14 (C C42°C Th50°C

C2.09 x 1 = 2.09 kJ/Ks
Ch = 0.5 x 4.18 = 2.09 kJ/Ks 25'C

ChT- Area

CrnT-Ta) Given data:

C4178 J/kgK; e = 2130 J/kgk
C80-T 1 kg/s
0.8 (80-30) m = 1.5 kg/s; m, =

CminCym, = 2130 x 1 = 2130 W/K

he 40C
maxcM= 4178x 1.5
Similarly,
= 6267 W/K

CT-Ta) AT= 100-42 58°C

CrnT-a) AT2 50-25 25°C
=

AT-AT2
08209,-30)
0.8
ATim 1AT
2.09(80-30)
O c 70°Cc
58-2= 39.21°C
In 58
80°C
25
6,=10°c Q= UAATm
70°C 40°C also, Q= mc(Ta-Ten)
10°C
30°C
UAATm= moTa-e
UA 4178x1.5(42-25)
39.21
8, =LMTD = 10°C
= 2717.138 W/K

515 (b
UA 2717
NTU Cmin 2130 1.2756

60°C 60°C
AT 15°C 2130
AT 30°C 45°C C min
Cmk 6267
= 0.34

1 30°C
E 1-exp[-NTU(1-C)]1
1-Cexp[-NTU (1-C)

LMTD AT-4T2
1-exp[-1.2756x 0.66
AT2 1-0.34expf1-2756x0.66
30-1521.64
I n ( 2 21.64°C 1-0.43
1-0.34x0.43
= 0.6676
MAD

Alternatively: 455
For condenser,
-T
Th-T CraC, 0

100-50 & 1-exp[NTU]

100-25 1
.(d) is correct option.
75 0.6667 Considering counter-flow heat exchanger
5.18 Sol. 1-exp-NTU(1+C,)]
1-C,exp[-NTU(1+C)]
C, = 0
Th46°C
1 exp(- NTU)
Again (d) is correct option.
To38°C 520 (a)
h2
Given data:
A = 20 m; U= 20 W/m?K; = 1000 J/kgk
c10°C Cph
m=0.4 kg/s; Te1 280 K; m^ = 0.4 kg/s
Length Th1 300 K; Toz =?
Given data:
h146°C; The=? T=10°C; To38°C
Pwater1000kg/m3 TmT Hot fluid
m 19 LIs, m, = 25 Ls
From energy balance, Cold fluid Th2
meTeaTer) =m,c,{Tm-Ta
19x (38-10)= 25(46-T

=46 19x 28=24.72°C

25
By energy balance,
AT, = - l o = 46 -38 = 8°C
Heat lost by hot fluid =Heat gained by cold fluid
AT2 =
-la =
24.72-10
mpTh na)= mpe(Ta-Te)
= 14.72°C or Tht-n2 e2-et m,ph= mpc
=

AT-AT c2'h2c
LMTD In AL ,
AT2 If 0, 02
= then LMTD =
0, 0 =

Q AxUx LMTD
6.72 Q=
8-14.72 AxUxe, 20x 20 x(T1- lc2)
=

8 0.60976 = 400 (300-Te)

In14.72 also Q= mpea-Tet)
= 11.02°C . 400(300-Too0.4x 1000 (T-280)
5.19 (d) 300-T2 Ta-280
or 2 Tea 580
For parallel
or c2 290°C
1-exp[-NTU(1+C,)
1+C
456 GATE PreviousYears Solved Papers: MEIMADE EASY
In order to compare area, we assume both heat
at
exchanger have same heat transfer rate.
Parallel flow
UAp(43.705) = UA(47.103)

80°C
43.705
Ac=0.927
1 kg/s 47.103 Ap
CkJ/kgk 50°C
Maximum heat transfer possible
= Cmin (A)max
CkJkgK
10°C
2 kgls
523 5ol
Temperature profiles are

Ap Area of parallel flow Steam

heat exchanger
Th100°C The 100°C
Counter flow 50°C a
AT C o l df l u i d

80°C
1 kg/s T 20°C

ckJ/kgk 50°C AT = 100 2 0 80°C

2 kg/s 50°C
AT = 100 50
ckJ/kgK 10°C
(LMTD) (parallel or counter HE)

A7-A
In4 7
80 5 0
AcArea of counter flow InO
heat exchanger 50
Heat lost by hot stream in both heat exchanger = 63.82°C
= mc [Thi-Tho
1xcx[T-Tho
S24d H.E. = Counterflow type
=1xcx [80-50] =30ckW
Heat gained by cold stream in both exchange
Th 120°C
The-60°C
= melTo-TJ=2x dTo- 10]
Tee80°C
Heat lost by hot stream = Heat gain by cool stream
40°C
30c 20(Teo-10)
A= 120 80 40°C
T +10 = 15 + 10 25°0
AT = 60-40 20°C
For counter flow, LMTD=A-A7 40 28.86°C
LMTD = AT AT In4 40
In(AT,/AT) 20
70-25
In[70/251 43.705°CC Q mcaT-Ta)
= 1.5 x 4.2 x 103 (80 40) WN
a= UAp(43.705)
For counter flow, Q 252000 W
LMTD= A - 4 7 ,
also Q UAATm
In(AT, /AT) 1.5x 4.2x 10 x 40
55-40 A =

In(55/40) 47.103°C UATm 400x 28.86

21.83 m2
Q UA(47.103)
MADEEASY Heat Transfer
I457

Gince steam is condensing, the temperature of

hot fluid remains constant. Th
AT
Temperature profiles of hot and cold fluids are
Te T
steam
30°C The 30C T 102C, The 65°C
To22°C
AT8°C Tc 25°C, Tee 42°C
AT 16C LMTD= Al1-4T2
cooling
water
In 4
LTa=14C
For counter flow heat exchanger
(LMTD) of HE
AT = 102°C -

42°C =60°C;
AL-ATe _ 16-8 AT = 65°C -

25°C =40°C;
= 11.54 C
In4 60-40 20
ATe In
60 0.4054
Total heat transfer rate between steam and cooling 40
water. = 49.3°C
Q= UA(LMTD)
2000 x 50 x 11.54
= 11.54 x 105 W
= 1.154 MW
Thi 350 K The =350 K
Sol
100°C Tce?
Thih
Tho
Too 45° 300K
Tci
15°C

G 2000W/K
C = 1200 W/K
UA 1500x 400
By energy equation, NTU (mcp mall 100x4000
CHAT) = CJAT)
= 1.5
2000 (100 Tho= 1200(30) HE 1-e-NTUU

ho 82°C = Tee 300

LMTD = Thi-Tei 350-3000
= 0.7768

Tce 338.84 K 339 K

(100-15) -(82-45)- 57.71°C
In(100-15
in 82-45
difference so the
Since LMTD is temperature
answer will be 57.71 K