FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL SOAPS

BY USING ROSA RUBIGINOSA

Thesis submitted to
JNTU-GV Vizianagaram, A.P,
In the partial fulfillment of the regulation of the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

V. HEMANTH KUMAR 20T51R0096

Y. ADHILAKSHMI 20T51R0097
Y. JHANSI 20T51R0098
Y. ISWARYA 20T51R0099
Y. THARUN 20T51R00A0

Under the guidance of Under the co-guidance of

Ms. K. Rohini M. Pharm Prof. Dr. M.B.V. RAJU M. pharm, Ph.D.

Assistant professor Professor and principal

Avanthi institute of pharmaceutical sciences

1
 Cherukupally (Vill), Chittivalasa (P.O), Bhogapuram(M),
Vizianagaram (Dist.)-531162, A.P.
AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(Approved by AICTE, PCI, Recognized by the Govt. of A.P. & Affiliated to JNTU-GV, Vizianagaram)
Cherukupally (Village), Chittivalasa (SO), Bhogapuram (Mandal), Vizianagaram (Dist) -531162.
www.avanthipharma.ac.in, principal@avanthipharma.ac.in

CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “FORMULATION AND

EVALUATION OF HERBAL SOAPS BY USING ROSA RUBIGINOSA”
done for the partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy
has been carried out by V. HEMANTH, Y. ADHILAKSHMI, Y. JHANSI, Y.
ISWARYA, Y. THARUN under the supervision and guidance of K. Rohini
M.Pharm and Dr. M.B.V. Raju M. pharm, ph.d, Principal of AVANTHI
INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES CHERUKUPALLY during
the year 2023-2024. It is further certified that this work or any part of this has
not been previously formed the basis for the award of degree, diploma,
fellowship of this or any other university or institute. Ms. K. Rohini M. Pharm
Assoc. professor Place: Cherukupally Date:

Ms. K. Rohini
M. Pharm Assistant professor

Place: Cherukupally
Date:

2
 AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(Approved by AICTE, PCI, Recognized by the Govt. of A.P. & Affiliated to JNTU-GV, Vizianagaram)
Cherukupally (Village), Chittivalasa (SO), Bhogapuram (Mandal), Vizianagaram (Dist) -531162.
www.avanthipharma.ac.in, principal@avanthipharma.ac.in

CERTIFICATE BY THE PRINCIPAL

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “FORMULATION AND EVALUATION

OF HERBAL SOAPS BY USING ROSA RUBIGINOSA” done for the partial
fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy has been carried out
by V. HEMANTH, Y. ADHILAKSHMI, Y. JHANSI, Y. ISWARYA, Y.
THARUN under the supervision and guidance of Dr. M.B.V. Raju M. pharm,
ph.d, Principal of AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL
SCIENCES CHERUKUPALLY during the year 2023-2024. It is further certified
that this work or any part of this has not been previously formed the basis for the
award of degree, diploma, fellowship of this or any other university or institute.

Prof. Dr. M.B.V. RAJU M. pharm, Ph. D

Professor and principal

Place: Cherukupally
Date:

3
 AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(Approved by AICTE, PCI, Recognized by the Govt. of A.P. & Affiliated to JNTU-GV, Vizianagaram)
Cherukupally (Village), Chittivalasa (SO), Bhogapuram (Mandal), Vizianagaram (Dist) -531162.
www.avanthipharma.ac.in, principal@avanthipharma.ac.in

CERTIFICATE BY THE EXAMINER

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “FORMULATION AND EVALUATION

OF HERBAL SOAPS BY USING ROSA RUBIGINOSA” done for the partial
fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy has been carried out
by V. HEMANTH, Y. ADHILAKSHMI, Y. JHANSI, Y. ISWARYA, Y. THARUN
under the supervision and guidance of Ms. K. Rohini M. Pharm, Assistant
professor and Dr. M.B.V. Raju M. pharm, ph. d, Principal of AVANTHI
INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES CHERUKUPALLY during
the year 2023-2024. It is further certified that this work or any part of this has not
been previously formed the basis for the award of degree, diploma, fellowship of
this or any other university or institute.

Place: Cherukupally

Date:

4
 AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(Approved by AICTE, PCI, Recognized by the Govt. of A.P. & Affiliated to JNTU-GV, Vizianagaram)
Cherukupally (Village), Chittivalasa (SO), Bhogapuram (Mandal), Vizianagaram (Dist) -531162.
www.avanthipharma.ac.in, principal@avanthipharma.ac.in

DECLARATION

The research work embodied in this dissertation entitled “FORMULATION AND

EVALUATION OF HERBAL SOAPS BY USING ROSA RUBIGINOSA” was
carried out by us at the AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL
SCIENCES CHERUKUPALLY. Under the supervision of prof. Ms. K. Rohini
M. Pharm, Assistant Professor, Prof. Dr. M.B.V. RAJU M. pharm, ph. d, principal
and professor, AVANTHI INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
CHERUKUPALLY. The extent and sources of information derived from the
existing literature have been indicated throughout the dissertation at appropriate
places. The work is original and has not been submitted in part or full for any
diploma or degree of this or any other university.

CHERUKUPALLY

V. HEMANTH KUMAR [ 20T51R0096]

Y. ADHILAKSHMI [20T51R0097]
Y. JHANSI [20T51R0098]
Y. ISWARYA [20T51R0099]
Y. THARUN [20T51R00A0]

5
 ABSTRACT

A local herb known as rose or its scientific name Rosa rubiginosa has been used extensively in
traditional treatment due to its medicinal properties. It explores the multifaceted aspect of rose
petals, focusing on their culture, medicinal and cosmetic significance. Medicinally rose petals
are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential oils, making them valuable in traditional
medicine for treating ailments ranging from digestive issues to skin conditions. Additionally
rose petals are extensively utilized in cosmetic formulations for their moisturizing, soothing
properties. In this study rose petals extract was used in producing herbal rose petal soap as a
remedy for curing skin problems. The herbal rose petal soap was made by dried rose petals,
Aloe vera, glycerine, orange peel powder, vitamin E capsules, turmeric, lavender oil. The
results of the selected physical and chemical properties of this study show that moisture
content, PH value The results imply that herbal rose petal soap is suitable for human skin and
can be a therapeutic alternative to skin problems.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SNO TABLE OF CONTENTS PG NO

1. Abstract 6
2. Introduction 9-13

3. Literature and Review 15-16

4. Drug and Excipient Profile 18-27

5. Aim and objective 29

6. Plan of work 31

7. Materials and Methods 33-39

8. Evaluation 40-41

9. Results and Discussion 43-44

10. Conclusion 45

11. Bibilography 46-48

7
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

8
 INTRODUCTION

The skin is the body’s largest organ, made of water, protein, fats and minerals. Your skin
protects your body from germs and regulates body temperature. Never in the skin help you feel
sensitisations like hot and cold.

ANATOMY OF SKIN
The skin is the body’s largest and primary protective organ, covering its entire external
surface and surface and serving as a first order physical barrier against the environment. Its
function include temperature regulation and protection against ultraviolet light, trauma,
pathogens, micro-organisms and toxins. A constantly changing, dynamic organ, there are
three main skin layers – The epidermis, The dermis, The subcutis.

Cosmetics:
Cosmetic is defined under section 3 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act,
1940 as, “any article intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on, or introduced
into, or otherwise applied to, the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying,
promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance, and includes any article intended for
use as a component of cosmetic”.

9
Classification of Cosmetic products:

COSMETICS
Skin Hair Nail Hygiene
1.Powdwes 1.Hair removers 1.Lacquers 1.Dental
-Compacts -Face -Depilatories -Powders
body -Epilators - 2. Lacquer -Pastes
powders Shaving preparations removes -Dentifrices
-Lotions
2.Creams 2.Hair wave 3.Nail polishes -Mouth washers
-Vanishing cream preparations -
Cold cream Hair dressing 4.Cuticle remover 2.Bath soap
-Hair conditioner -Bath salts
3.Lotions
-Skin lotions 3.Shampoos
-Astringents -Dyes
-Hair lotion
4.Colourants - -Dandruff lotion
Lipsticks
-Roughes 4.Eyelash
preparations
5.Perfumes - Mascaras
-Deodorants -Eye brow pencils
-Kohls

Soaps:
Soap is a chemical compound resulting from the reaction of an alkali (commonly sodium or
potassium hydroxide) with a fatty acid. Soaps are the metallic salts of long chain fatty acids.
When mixed with water during bathing, cleansing, or washing, they help people and clothes
get clean by lowering the chance of dirt and oil to get to the skin or fabric. Soaps are made
from animal fats or vegetable oils. There are two basic steps in making soap. They are
called Saponification and Salting-out of soap. Some people like to make their own soap.

10
Herbal soaps:

Herbal soaps are natural soaps made from plant-based ingredients. They are often made with
ingredients such as essential oils, vitamins, minerals and other natural compounds. They also
provide a skin-nourishing boost, as they are made with natural ingredients that are beneficial
for the skin. Herbal soaps don't include any man-made additives and chemicals such synthetic
fragrances, flavours, fluoride, etc. Herbs as from beauty of nature have been used to treat a
wide range of skin problems, from the very moderate to the really serious. The use of various
herbal medicines for the treatment of skin infections has been investigated by many
traditional medical systems, including the Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani systems of medicine.
The use of natural remedies is more common in developing world. The ever-increasing
interest in herbal treatments has led to a growth in the market's desire for a greater quantity of
herbal items, which in turn has led to increased manufacturing of herbal goods.
Soap can be defined as the facial care product that is used to remove dead
skin cells, oil, dirt and other type of pollutants from the skin of the face. This prevents
skin condition such as acne.

Description Of Herbal Soap:

• Most of the commercial soaps contain chemicals that can be harmful to the skin.
• Herbal soap can be a good alternative.
• Herbal soaps are made using natural herbs and ingredients are healthier and beneficial for
the skin.
• It is less lightly to cause any damaging effect.
• Some of the natural soap manufacturers also use aroma therapy and herbal treatments to
offer the best skin treatment solution for your skin.
• These soaps also contain glycerin as a soap base. Glycerin helps in retaining the moisture
in the skin thereby making these soaps for dry skin conditions.
• Herbal soaps are organic products made from herbs which removes dirt and sweat leaving
your skin feeling clean and refreshed .

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Benefits of Herbal Soap:

• Nourishing:
• Using a soap can be used for nourishing your skin as it often contains natural ingredients
that help to cleanse the face. Look for ingredients like aloe vera, honey, which can provide
hydration and nourishment to your skin.
• Therapeutic:
• Herbal soap can offer therapeutic benefits due to their natural ingredients, which can soothe,
cleanse and nourish the skin. Look for options with ingredients like aloe vera, neem or
turmeric, known for their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. These can help
with acne, irritation, and overall skin health.
• Aromatic:
• Herbal soap have an aroma which makes them extra special. It has a selection of exclusive
elements and fragrance.

• Soaps consists of Germ-fighting properties.

• Soaps are useful in moisturizing the skin.
• Soaps consists of pleasant aroma.
• They also have exfoliating benefits.
• They have high medicinal value.
• They are highly compatible.
• They have minimal adverse effects.
Disadvantages of Herbal soaps:

• Soaps produce over drying.

• Wastefulness.
• They have shorter shelf life.
• Limited availability.
• They produce variability.
• Higher cost.
• Limited lather.
Objectives of Herbal Soaps:

12
 Herbal soaps had been used traditionally for treating several epidermal
dysfunctions, such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne and helps to boost immune response in
tissue of affected skin area.
• Good degree of quality.
• Should remove dirt from the body.
• Should give pleasant odour.
• Should cleanse the skin, removing dirt, oil, and impurities without stripping away the
skin’s natural oils.
• It posses the necessary medicinal characteristics provide sooth the skin and tackle
wide range of skin disorders.
• It is cost effective process compare to market products.

Relief from skin diseases:

Using herbal soap can provide relief from certain skin diseases, as they often contain natural
ingredients known for their soothing and healing properties. Look for soap products containing
ingredients like neem, aloe vera, turmeric as this can help calm inflammation fight bacteria and
promote health skin.

Save the environment:

Regular beauty bars leave the skin dry. They also harm the environment. Herbal face wash
contains natural ingredients, So they do not harm the environment.

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 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW

14
 LITERATURE REVIEW

1.Telange - Patil P.V et ai,2022 ‘’Bacterial skin infection are most common among
people,requiring significant attention for treatment and also to maintain healthy skin some
herbal plant extract have anti bacterial activity.”

2.Bothe Saurav et al 2022 ” Ayurvedic cosmetics are also known as herbal cosmetics the
natural content in the herbs does not have any side effect on the human body most herbal
supplement are based on several botanical ingredients with long histories of traditional are
folk medicine usage. Among the numerous botanical ingredients available in the market
today.

3.Patel Anu et al, 2022 “Herbal soap was prepared by using coconut oil , castor oil, neem oil
,lavender oil, rose oil and NaOH and different extracts were included basic saponification
reaction.’’

4.Hilaria, et al. (2022) Formulated and evaluated herbal sops which are designed to enhance
the onset of action. The formulation was found to be a best one to give accurate result

5.Sherya Talreja, et al. Formulated and evaluated herbal soap which formulation on the anti-
oxidant property of herbal and its evaluation soap containing cake forming soap base, anti-
inflammatory property of Moringa oleifera. In quality evaluation of formulation ( on different
parameters like PH, foaming property, spreadability ) soap was found to be stable during
stability study.

6.Neha Pandey and Dt. Sarita Iraj :- Many roses are cultivated for their beautiful flowers,
which ranges in colour from white through various tones of yeling low and print to dark
crimson and maroon, and most have a delightful tragance, which varies according to the
variety and to climate conditions.

7.Cendrowski, scibisz, kieliszek, kolniak -onset and mitet 2017 :- Characterized by varied
active compounds like anthocyanins geonidin. Rose petals extract are prefect for the skin
since it has astringent and antioxidant.

15
8.C Indirani, K Meenambika, D Indumathy ” soaps are used widely by in human aspects .
Exclusively, the emergence of the SARS-Cov-2 virus made peoples wash there hands
frequently to disinfect the virus to prevent virus infection .

9.Yusra Safdar and Taqdees Malik “ anti microbial agents are defined as those substance
which posess inhibitory effects against gram -positive and gram-negative bacteria ,
preventing their growth . Rose family belongs to the Rosaceae.

10.Anjum Attaullah, Aruna Govindharajulu , Mubeena KF “ inflammation in acne is caused

by Staphylococcus aureus . in the present study , aqueous extract of herbs like turmeric, rose
petals, soap nuts were used to formulate a herbal soap to combat acne .

11.Selvamani M.,Surya Prakash R.,Subash K.,” The need to achieve and maintain healthy
skin is on the rise . this cause the composition of antioxidant soaps with complex synthetic
chemicals whose safety on skin and human health is still unclear.

12.Jagruti Pravinsing Rajput “ The herbal expression was prepared and estimated for the
analysis of ph, humidity content , ranging indicator , froth retention time , saponification ,
TFM (total adipose matter ) answerable matter , anti microbial testing using different
attention of cleaner result comparing with standard .

16
 CHAPTER-3
DRUG AND EXCIPIENT PROFILE

17
 DRUG PROFILE

ROSE PETALS:

SCIENTIFIC NAME : Rosa rubiginosa

IUPAC NAME : Rose oxide

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS : Flavonoids, Triterpenoids, Tannins, Phenolic acids,

polysaccharides

COLOUR : Red

ODOUR : Floral and tea aromas to spicy, fruity, and

musky scent
TASTE : Crunch and mild, sweet
STORAGE : In cool and out of direct sunlight like cellar or garage
SOLUBILITY : soluble in oil or alcohol
PH : 6.5 to 7
DENSITY : 179.6 g/m

AT

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Chemical Composition:

The chemical composition of rose petals including a variety of compounds such as a phenolics,
essential oils, organic acids, sugars, pigments, and various other minor constituents.

This complex-mixtures contributes to the fragrance, colour, and medicinal properties

of roses.

Marketed products:

Rose products are used as rose water, rose essential oil, rose petal jam, rose scented cosmetic,
rose scented candles, rose flavoured confectionery.

19
 EXCIPIENT PROFILE

ORANGE PEEL:

SCIENTIFIC NAME : Citrus Sinensis

IUPAC NAME : Sodium 4-[(2E)-2-(2-oxonaphthalen-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]

benzenesulfonate

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS: Limonene, Decanal, Octanal, P-Cymene, Terpinene

COLOUR : Halfway between orange and amber on the colour

wheel
ODOUR : Strong citrus aroma
TASTE : Bitter Sweet
STORAGE : Stored in a dark, Cool (60 degrees F or 15 degrees
C) place
SOLUBILITY : Solubility index values ranges from 24-171%
PH : 3.8
DENSITY : 0.45g/ml

20
 CINNAMON:

SCIENTIFIC NAME : Cinnamomum verum

IUPAC NAME : Cinnamomum Zeylanicum

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS : (E)-cinnamaldehyde (71.50%), Linalool (7.00%),

Beeta-Caryophyllene (6.40%), Eucalyptol (5.40%)

and Eugenol (4.60%)
COLOUR : Tan brown
ODOUR : Warm aroma

TASTE : Sweet spicy

STORAGE : Airtight container to protect it from moisture, light

SOLUBILITY : Solubility index of cinnamon essential oil ranges
from 91.393% - 97.467%
PH : 8 to 10
DENSITY : 446 kg/m 3

21
 INDIAN SOAPBERRY:

SCIENTIFIC NAME : Sapindus mukorossi

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS : Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates,

terpenoids and saponins

COLOUR : Brown

ODOUR : Characteristics

TASTE : Bitter and highly astringent

STORAGE : In an airtight container or bottle away from direct

sunlight

SOLUBILITY :The concentration of 0.1-10% is soluble in water

PH : 5.5

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 TURMERIC:

SCIENTIFIC NAME : Curcuma longa

IUPAC NAME : Curcuma longa

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS : Curcumin, curcuminoid, germacrone,

Desmethoxycurcumin

COLOUR : Orange-brown, Yellow or reddish-yellow

ODOUR : Earthy, mustard-like aroma

TASTE : Earthy essence with a touch of sweetness, accompanied by

notes of ginger and papper
STORAGE : Should be stored in airtight container, away from
sunlight and moisture

SOLUBILITY : 11ng/ml

PH : 5.90

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 SODIUM HYDROXIDE:

SCIENTIFIC NAME : Sodium hydroxide

IUPAC NAME : Sodium hydroxide, Sodium oxidanide
MOLECULAR FORMULA : NaOH
MOLECULAR MASS : 39.997g/mol
COLOUR : White
ODOUR : No smell
TASTE : Bitter
STORAGE : Should be stored in the original container and locked
up
SOLUBILITY : Soluble in Water, ethanol, methanol
PH : 10
DENSITY : 2.13g/cm3

24
 COCONUT OIL:

SCIENTIFIC NAME : Cocos Nucifera

IUPAC NAME : Cocos Nucifera
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS : Fatty acids, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid,
myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid,

and linoleic acid

COLOUR : Almost transperant

ODOUR : Naturally pleasant coconutty or neutral scent

TASTE : Refined coconut oil has a neutral taste and scent with a
higher smoke point. Unrefined coconut oil has a strong taste
and scent with a lower smoke point.
STORAGE : Store in a dark dry place to slow down the process or
Refrigerate

SOLUBILITY : Soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and carbon

disulfide, but insoluble in water

PH : 7 to 8

DENSITY : 75ml

25
 OLEIC ACID :

IUPAC NAME : (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid

MOLECULAR FORMULA : C18H34O2

MOLECULAR MASS : 282.46g/mol

SCIENTIFIC NAME : Oleic acid

COLOUR : Colourless some commercial samples may be

yellowish

ODOUR : Odourless

TASTE : Similar to sour

STORAGE : Store in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place

SOLUBILITY : Soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform

PH : 9.1 to 9.5

DENSITY : 895 kg/m3

26
 GLYCERINE:
SCIENTIFIC NAME : Trihydric alcohol

IUPAC NAME : Propane 1,2,3-triol

MOLECULAR FORMULA : C3H8O3

MOLECULAR MASS : 92.09382 g/mol

COLOUR : Colourless, transparent

ODOUR : Odourless

TASTE : Sweet syrupy liquid

STORAGE : Stored below 100 0F in a closed container

SOLUBILITY : Soluble in water

PH : 4.5 to 5.0

DENSITY : 1.26 gm/cm3

27
 CHAPTER-4
AIM AND OBJECTIE

28
AIM AND OBJECTIVE

AIM:
The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate herbal soap by using Rose
Petals as a main active constituent.

OBJECTIVE:
• The main objective of the soap is to protect the skin against various skin disorders
including rashes.
• It protects the even skin toning and smoothness of the skin.
• The main objective in this work has attempt to make and evaluate herbal soap.
• Due to the natural ingredients in herbal soap. Such as essential oils.

• It Posses the necessary medicinal characteristics provide sooth skin and tackle wide
range of skin disorders.
• It is cost effective process compared to market products.
• The purpose of herbal soaps is to reduce chemical related side effects to the skin
produced by other regular soaps.
• Should give pleasant odour.
• Should cleanse the skin, removing dirt, Pollutants, oil, and impurities without
stripping away the skin’s natural oils.
• It Posses the necessary medicinal characteristics provide sooth the skin and tackle
wide range of skin disorders.
• They acts as cleansers and can also helps to improve skin conditions like acne,
eczema and even sunburn.

29
 CHAPTER-5
PLAN OF WORK

30
 PLAN OF WORK:

Plan Of Work:

The main objective of this project is to formulate and evaluate herbal soaps by using Rosa
Rubiginosa as the main active constituent.

• Selection of herbal extract.

• Selection of glycerin soap base.
• Literature survey of herbal soap.
• Physiochemical properties.
• Evaluation of soap.
• Results and discussion.
• Conclusion.

31
 CHAPTER-6
MATERIALS AND METHODS

32
 MATERIALS:

INGREDIENTS FUNCTIONS

Sodium hydroxide Lye

Coconut oil Anti-ageing, Sooth skin

Distilled water Aqueous vehicle

Soap base Cake formation

Rose Petal Extract Anti-Microbial and also Possess anti-

oxidants Compounds

Turmeric extract Vitamin-A and C, Anti-inflammatory,

Anti-diabetic effects

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Skin whitening agent, improves skin tone

Citrus Sinensis Vitamin C

Oleic acid Moisturizing agent

33
 METHODS:

PREPARATION AND EXTRACTION OF ROSA RUBIGINOSA POWDER

EXTRACT:

• Collect the rose petals from the available sources.

• Wash the petals with distilled water.
• Drain the water from the petals.
• Petals are dried under the sunlight until the petals are turn into brown colour.
• Petal are dried then make it into coarse powder.
• By the process of maceration we extracted the crude drug from the rose petals.
• The solvent used in the process of maceration is ethanol.
• The ratio of drug and ethanol is 1:10.
• The dried rose petals powder drug is mixed with required amount of ethanol in a
Salco iodine flask.
• Allow it for 7days by shaking the salco iodine flask twice a day.
• After completion of 7 days filter the crude drug by using filter paper.

34
PREPARATION OF SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI POWDER [soap berries]:

• Firstly collect the soap berries in the local market.

• The soap berries are dried under the sunlight until they dried completely.
• Now the dried soap berries are grinded into fine powder.
• which finely pass through the sieve no:14.
• Collect the fine powder into a suitable container.

Preparation of Sapindus Mukorossi powder

Soapberries Soapberries powder

35
 PREPARATION OF CINNAMON BARK POWDER:

• Buy the required quantity of cinnamon bark.

• Make it into a fine powder and pass through the sieve no:14
• Sufficient amount of powder is weighed and added to the distilled water and boil it for
15 mins at 400 C.
• After completion of boiling process filter it by using filter paper.
• Collect the bark extract.

36
 PREPARATION OF CURCUMA LONGA POWDER

• Firstly buy the required quantity of dried turmeric sticks.

• Make it into a fine powder and pass the powder through sieve no:1.

Preparation of Curcuma longa powder

Turmeric roots Turmeric powder

PREPARATION OF CITRUS SINENSIS PEEL POWDER

• Collect the orange peel from fresh orange fruits.

• Dry the peels under the sunlight and make it into a fine powder and allow it to pass
through the sieve no:14

Preparation of citrus sinensis peel powder

Fresh orange peel Dry orange peel Orange peel powder

37
 PREPARATION OF SOAP BASE:
• Weigh required amount of Sodium hydroxide pellets in a beaker.
• Add sufficient amount of distilled water to the pellets, stir it properly by using a glass
rod.
• Take sufficient amount of coconut oil in a beaker, put the beaker with coconut oil in a
water bath while stirring at 450C.
• After reaching 450C now add the Sodium hydroxide solution to it while stirring.
• Take the beaker out from the water bath while stirring and allow it to cool for some
time.
• When the soap base is cooled cover it with a foil and store it in a refrigerator.

38
 PROCEDURE:

• Take sufficient quantity of soap base in a beaker and put it in a water bath at 40 0C.
• Add all the ingredients according to the formula in to the soap base while stirring.
• Boil the mixture in a water bath at 400C.
• A soap mixture is prepared.
• The prepare soap mixture is now filled in to the moulds.
• Gently tap the soap moulds to avoid the air spaces.
• Keep the soap moulds in refrigerator for 15-20 minutes.1
• Then we can get our herbal soap.

S.No. Ingredients F1
1. Soap base 50 ml
2. Rose Petal Extract 8 ml
3. Citrus Sinensis peel powder 2 gms
4. C. Zeylanicum bark extract 1 ml
5. Sapindus mukorosissi powder 0.5 gms
6. Turmeric powder 1 gm
7. Castile soap 1ml

S.No. Ingredients F2
1. Soap base 45 ml
2. Rose Petal Extract 11 ml
3. Citrus Sinensis peel powder 2 gms
4. C. Zeylanicum bark extract 1 ml
5. Sampindus mukorosissi powder 1 gm
6. Glycerine 4 ml

39
 QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR HERBAL SOAPS:

In order to verify the efficacy and quality of the final formulations, the following

physicochemical characteristics were tested such as colour, aroma, pH, clarity, dirt,

dispersion, foam retention, skin irritation and saponification value, etc.The herbal

formulation was tested using the standard approaches.

1.Colour- When visualizing the herbal soap, a white background was used so that

the colour could be determined so that the clarity of formulation F-1 and F-2 could be

seen.

2.odour/Aroma- An evaluation of the odour of formulations F-1 and F-2 we used two

different method. The first method included heating the sample on a hot plate. The second

method involves inhaling a direct sample by five to six different people, including both males

and females.

3.Shape- Evaluation of organoleptic properties, such as shape and clarity, was caried out by

sensory and visual examination.

4.pH- In order to determine the pH or hydrogen ion concentration, we must prepared 1% of

the sample. we used a pH4 and pH7 buffer solution to calibrate the pH metre. Take pH

readings at room temperatures, just as the reference solution. Record and note the pH level

of the solution that was used to calibrate the metre and the electrode.

5.Dirt dispersion- first, we prepare a 1% sample solution that was taken in a measuring

cylinder was then shaken 10 times while being covered by a hand. the ink is present

concentrate in the foam is considered to be of low quality, investigate that. The remaining

dirt particles are then found in water section.

6.wetting time- we take a piece of cotton fabric, cut in to a disc shape with a diameter of

40
one inch, and then measure the sample’s weight so that we may determined how long it

took the sample to get wet. The next step is to prepare a sample that has been diluted(a 1%

solution), as well as a piece of cotton cloth to lay on top of the sample. That disc made of

fabric was allowed to float freely on top of the 1% sample solution. The amount of time it

took for the fabric disc to go from floating to sinking was carefully recorded and referred to

as the wetting time. A higher wetting efficiency is associated with shorter time to sink.

7. Foam forming ability- The cylinder shake method was utilised to determine the foaming

ability. First, in a 100 ml measuring cylinder, we put 50 ml of a 1% sample solution and

shaken vigorously 10 times. After shaking for one minute, we measure the height of the

foam that had formed and recorded the total volume of foam.

8.Foam stability- The cylinder shake method was utilised to determined the foaming ability.

First, in a 100 ml measuring cylinder, we put 50 ml 1% of sample solution. The cylindrical

container was covered up with use of hand and shaken vigorously 10 times. The volume of

foam after 10 times was calculated.

9.Moisture content- About 10gram of the material were heated in a hot air oven at 100 to

105 degree Celsius for an hour. After that deducted the true weight of the tarred China dish

from the total weight of the sample and dish. The weight of the material was recorded, and

the method for calculating the percentage of the moisture content that can be found in it is

shown below formula.

Moisture content = (difference in weight/initial weight )100

10. Skin irritation test- for the determination irritancy test, use the soap sample on clean

skin to observe for signs of irritation, such as redness, burning, or itching and 24 hrs the

situation was monitored.

41
 CHAPTER-7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

42
 RESULTS AND DISSICUTIONS

EVALUATION TESTS TABLE FOR HERBAL SOAP:

TEST F1 F2

Colour Brown Greenish Red

Odour/Aroma Characteristic Characteristic

Shape Rectangular Rectangular

pH 8.08 8.93

Dirt dispersion Good Best

Wetting time 03:49sec 36 sec

Foam foaming ability 10 cm 9cm

Foam stability 2 cm 3.5 cm

Moisture content 7.8% 4.8%

Skin irritation test No irritation is No irritation is

seen seen

Based on the above two formulations F1 is the better formulation.

43
 DISCUSSION
In last few decades there has been tremendous boost in the use of cosmetics by women.
Hazards caused by the chemicals has come in to live light very recently.
Rose petal soap is used for protecting skin from aging and used as skin protectant to prevent
oxidative damage from hydrolysis of phospholipids.
The present work on “FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL SOAPS” to
formulate by using herbal ingredients.
This study was undertaken with an aim to develop herbal soaps from the natural ingredients
like Rosa rubiginosa.
Following conclusions was drawn from the experimental results.
Out of two formulations prepared, consistency was uniform in two formulations.
Different formulations were prepared in order to optimize the draw back which was seen in the
previous formulation. Evaluation tests were performed to all formulations from both
consistency and quality control tests,

The prepared soap formulation was evaluated and it was found that herbal natural soap was
best among the two soap formulations.
Hence from best investigation it was concluded that this formulated herbal soap is having vary
little or no side effects and thus showing maximum local effects on skin.

44
 CONCLUSION

A herbal soap has been produced successfully from rose petals extract in this study. the
results imply that rose petal soap produced is suitable for human skin.

Present research provides guidelines on the use of the herbal ingredients in the preparation of
soaps. Rose petal extract is free from chemicals, artificial colourants, artificial fragrance,
alternative therapy for consumers who have skin problems.

These soaps which were prepared by using natural ingredients of rosa rubiginosa were
formulated and evaluated for their organoleptic properties and other properties.

45
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