Section 1: Characteristics of Communication Channels

1. What is an AWGN channel primarily characterized by?

a) Deterministic fading
b) Uniform noise distribution
c) Narrowband interference
d) Multi-path propagation
2. How does fading affect signal transmission?
a) Increases signal strength
b) Causes signal attenuation
c) Reduces noise
d) Improves bandwidth
3. What phenomenon causes signal distortion due to reflections and delays?
a) AWGN channels
b) Multipath propagation
c) Narrowband interference
d) Phase modulation
4. What is the effect of multipath propagation on signal reception?
a) Enhances signal clarity
b) Reduces interference
c) Causes fading and delay spread
d) Increases bandwidth

Section 2: Key Concepts in Communication Engineering

5. What does SNR stand for in communication systems?
a) Signal-to-Noise Ratio
b) Signal-to-Noise Resilience
c) Signal Normal Range
d) System Noise Reduction
6. What does channel capacity refer to in communication engineering?
a) Maximum data rate a channel can carry
b) Signal strength in a channel
c) Channel bandwidth
d) Channel frequency allocation
7. How does bandwidth affect signal transmission?
a) Increases noise
b) Improves SNR
c) Limits data rate
d) Enhances modulation depth
8. Which parameter defines the maximum data rate a channel can sustain?
a) Channel capacity
b) Bandwidth
c) SNR
d) Modulation index

Section 3: Modulation and Demodulation Techniques

9. Which modulation technique varies the amplitude of the carrier signal according to the message
signal?
a) AM
b) FM
c) PM
d) QAM
10. What does PCM stand for in digital communication?
a) Phase Code Modulation
b) Pulse Code Modulation
c) Pulse Carrier Modulation

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 d) Phase Carrier Modulation
11. In FM, what is the modulation index a measure of?
a) Amplitude variation
b) Phase deviation
c) Frequency deviation
d) Modulation depth
12. How does DSB-SC differ from standard AM modulation?
a) No carrier is transmitted
b) Double sidebands are suppressed
c) Suppressed carrier
d) Single sideband modulation

Section 4: Multiple Access Techniques

13. Which technique allows multiple users to share the same frequency band by assigning unique
codes to each user?
a) FDMA
b) TDMA
c) CDMA
d) OFDMA
14. What is the primary advantage of TDMA over FDMA?
a) Better spectral efficiency
b) Simpler implementation
c) Higher data rate
d) Reduced interference
15. Which technique allocates time slots to users for transmitting data?
a) FDMA
b) CDMA
c) TDMA
d) OFDMA

Section 5: Miscellaneous Topics

16. According to Nyquist's theorem, how should a signal be sampled to avoid aliasing?
a) At twice the highest frequency component
b) At the highest frequency component
c) At half the highest frequency component
d) At a quarter of the highest frequency component
17. What advantage does PCM offer over analog transmission?
a) Higher bandwidth usage
b) Improved noise immunity
c) Analog fidelity
d) Lower data rate
18. Which modulation technique combines amplitude and phase modulation?
a) PAM
b) QAM
c) FSK
d) PSK
19. What is the primary difference between PM and FM?
a) Frequency variation
b) Amplitude modulation
c) Phase modulation
d) Carrier frequency
20. In communication systems, what is companding used for?
a) To reduce noise
b) To increase dynamic range
c) To amplify signals
d) To improve modulation index

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Answers:
1. b) Uniform noise distribution
2. b) Causes signal attenuation
3. b) Multipath propagation
4. c) Causes fading and delay spread
5. a) Signal-to-Noise Ratio
6. a) Maximum data rate a channel can carry
7. c) Limits data rate
8. a) Channel capacity
9. a) AM
10. b) Pulse Code Modulation
11. c) Frequency deviation
12. c) Suppressed carrier
13. c) CDMA
14. a) Better spectral efficiency
15. c) TDMA
16. a) At twice the highest frequency component
17. b) Improved noise immunity
18. b) QAM
19. c) Phase modulation
20. b) To increase dynamic range

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