Q1.

Measles is a serious disease. A person can die from measles.

The table below shows the number of medically confirmed cases of measles in England
and Wales between 2012 and 2015

Number of medically
Year
confirmed cases of measles

2012 2030

2013 1843

2014 121

2015 91

(a) Suggest one reason why the actual number of cases of measles in England and
Wales might be higher than is shown in the table above

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(1)

(b) Calculate the percentage decrease in the number of medically confirmed cases of
measles between 2012 and 2015

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Percentage decrease = _______________________ %

(2)

(c) One reason for the decrease in the number of cases of measles is that more
children were vaccinated against the disease.

Vaccinating a large proportion of the population reduces the spread of the measles
virus.

Explain why.

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(2)

(d) The graph below shows the concentration of measles antibodies in the blood of a
boy.

Explain the differences between antibody production after the vaccine injection and
after exposure to the measles virus.

You should include data from the graph above

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(6)
(Total 11 marks)

Q2.
White blood cells protect the body against pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

(a) (i) Pathogens make us feel ill.

Give one reason why.

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(1)

(ii) White blood cells produce antibodies. This is one way white blood cells protect
us against pathogens.

Give two other ways that white blood cells protect us against pathogens.

1. ____________________________________________________________

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2. ____________________________________________________________

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(2)

(b) Vaccination can protect us from the diseases pathogens cause.

(i) One type of virus causes measles.

A doctor vaccinates a child against measles.

What does the doctor inject into the child to make the child immune to
measles?

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(2)

(ii) A few weeks after the vaccination, the child becomes infected with measles
viruses from another person.

The graph shows the number of measles antibodies in the child’s blood from
before the vaccination until after the infection.

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 More measles antibodies are produced after the infection than after the
vaccination.

Describe other differences in antibody production after infection compared

with after vaccination.

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(3)

(iii) Vaccination against the measles virus will not protect the child against the
rubella virus.

Why?

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(1)

(c) What is the advantage of vaccinating a large proportion of the population against
measles?

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(1)
(Total 10 marks)

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Q3.

In the UK immunisation of children against polio was started in 1956. Children are given the
vaccine, often on a sugar lump, by mouth. The vaccine contains a non-virulent form of the polio
virus. Explain as fully as you can how this vaccine prevents a child from getting polio.

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(4)

(4 marks)

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