STRUKTUR BAJA

1
Dr. Ir. Arianta
 CLASS RULES

1. Minimum attendance: 80%

Bobot Penilaian
2. Maximum late tolerance: 15 minutes
3. No Cellphone 21%
35% Tugas
4. Standard outfit 9%
Kuis

5. Calculator is allowed 35%

UTS
UAS

6. Create your own notes

7. Assigment collection: on time

Lihat kontrak perkuliahan..

 References
Utama (PU):
1. Salmon & Johnson, "Steel Structures: Design and Behavior", 4th Ed.,
HarperCollins,1996
2. Segui, W. T,“Steel Design”, 4th Edition, Thomson,2007.

Pendukung (PP):
1. SNI 1729:2015 “Spesifikasi untuk Bangunan Gedung Baja Struktural”, Standard Nasional
Indonesia,2015
2. Setiawan, Agus.“Perencanaan Struktur Bajadengan Metode LRFD”,2008.
3. Dewobroto, W. “Struktur Baja: Perilaku, Analisis &Desain”.
4. ASCE 7 2010, “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures”
References
Topic 1st Week
 Steel material
 Design Philosophy
 Load
Steel Material
Steel
Definition
• Steel is an alloy made up of
iron with typically a few
tenths of a percent of carbon
to improve its strength and
fracture resistance compared
to other forms of iron.
Steel
Structure
 SteelCharacteristics GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.

1. High strength, stiffness, and ductility

2. factory-made materials  good quality control product quality ismaintained (homogeneous)

NB: steel legth depends on the capacity of the transport vehicle and the transport line
SteelCharacteristics GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.
 SteelCharacteristics GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.

3. Easy to rust  reduction cross section  decrease in strenth

I-35 Minneapolis Bridge, Minnesota, USA. 2007 setelah 40 tahun berdiri.

SteelCharacteristics GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.
 SteelCharacteristics GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.

4.Pada suhu tinggi baja tidak terbakar, namun mengalami penurunan kekuatan yang signifikan sampai-sampai
tidak dapat memikul beratnya sendiri.
Cara mengatasi dengan FIREPROOFING

1. Tidak bikin tahan

api, tapi membuata
adanya waktu
tambahan sebelum
api semakin besar
dan menyebar
sehingga bisa
segera dipadamkan
(Meningkatkan Fire
resistance diatas
waktu yang
disyaratkan)
 SteelCharacteristics GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.

Contoh FIREPROOFING

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttFo0GxbPbM
 Types of Steel
Berdasarkan KANDUNGAN KARBON:

MILD STEEL

Kandungan karbon : 0,15% -0,3%

 Types of M ATERIALBAJA
Steel
Berdasarkan KANDUNGAN KARBON :

MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

Kandungan karbon : 0,3% -0,8%

 Types of M ATERIALBAJA
Steel
Berdasarkan KANDUNGAN KARBON :

HIGH CARBON STEEL

Kandungan karbon : 0,8% -1,5%

 Steel Production Process

• Called Canai Panas.

•HOT-ROLLED •
•
•
Process to shape steel into profiles and plates
Always in steel factory
1700 F(above the steelrecrystallization

•COLD-ROLLED temperature)

• Advanced process to produce highersteel

strength, smootherm and moreprecision
• Better visual appearance
• Room temperature
Hot-Rolled Cold-Rolled
Steel ProductionProcess
 Steel ProductionProcess

Cold-Rolled ??
Cold-Formed ??
• Called BAJA RINGAN /CANAI DINGIN.
• Product from cold rolledprocess
• Cold rolled products don’t have to becold
formed
Steel Production Process
Steel profiles in Indonesia
UTM – Tensile Test
ductile
 PROPERTI MEKANIK BAJA
brittle

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.

PROPERTI MEKANIK BAJA

In general steel has the same

characters when in elasticstate.
The difference occurs after
passing through the yieldpoint.
Therefore,steel is distinguished
by fy and fu.

How to know the proportional limit orelastic

area in high strengthsteel?
 PROPERTI MEKANIK BAJA
Berdasarkan SNI 03-1729-2015

Modulus of elasticity(E) = 200000 MPa

Shear Modulus (G) = 80000 Mpa

Poisson’s Ratio = 0,3

In the strain hardening area, the value of “E” is about one-thirty times from the elastic condition. (around 6700Mpa)
 PROPERTI MEKANIK BAJA

Specifications od steel material for design purpose (SNI)

 Advantages ofSteel
1. High strength

Advantages of steel structures 2. Good uniformity and highdurability

3. Good elasticity

4. High ductility
Advantages ofSteel

5. Easy connection

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.

Advantages ofSteel

5. Easy connection

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.

 Disadvantages ofSteel
Disadvantages of Steel
Structures: 1. Rust

2. Lost strength at extremely hightemperatures

3. Fire conductor
Design Philosophy
ASD vs LRFD Method
• Allowable Strength Design (ASD) is based on using an allowable
design strength calculated by dividing the component nominal
strength by a safety factor.
• the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method is based on a
combination of factoring applied loads up as a function of loading
predictability and factoring the component resistance (nominal
strength) down as a function of reliability and importance
ASD

36
 KOMBINASI PEMBEBANAN ASD :

Nilai dari faktor 0.75 pada beberapa kombinasi pemebebanan adalah untuk mencakup
sesuatu dalam ketidakpastian dalam pembebanan, dimana tidak semua beban bekerja tepat
pada saat yang bersamaan.
ASD
Nilai untuk faktor 0.7 yang diaplikasikan pada kondisi seismik atau gempa adalah
dikarenakan ASCE 7 menggunakan pendekatan terhadap kekuatan dalam
menghitung efek dari E beban gempa , dan faktor tersebut adalah suatu usaha
untuk menyeimbangkan efek tersebut untuk ASD.

Maka , hubungan antara faktor tahanan/kemampuan nominal batang terhadap angka

keamanan (safety factor) :

Maka hubungan antar beban menjadi :

f = tegangan yang di aplikasikan

F = allowable stress (tegangan ijin) 38
 KOMBINASI PEMBEBANAN LRFD :

Kombinasi 6 dan7 untuk menjelaskan kemungkinan dari beban mati dan beban angin atau beban gempa menjadi
saling menghilangkan satu dengan yang lainya. Contohnya adalah efek dari beban mati neto, dapat berbeda antara
0.9DL dan 1WL atau diantara 0.9DL dan 1EQ.( beban angin maupun beban gempa cenderung untuk memberikan efek
guling pada struktur , tapi beban mati ataupun beban gravitasi akan memberikan efek penyeimbang.
Design Philosophy

What’s LRFD?
Load Resistance Factor Design

Why LRFD?
to reduce risk
 3. PELUANG KEGAGALAN
Chance ofFailure GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.

R =Resistance
Q = Loads
If :
R > Q  safe
R < Q  failure

Limit Condition  R=Q

*in SNI 2015, LRFD is renamed DFBK (Desain Faktor Beban dan Ketahanan)

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.

 4. DESAIN LRFD STRUKTUR BAJA
LRFD StructuralDesign
4. DESAIN LRFD STRUKTUR BAJAGATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, M T, M Sc.

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.

 Design Philosophy
“Tidak ada jaminan bahwarisiko
bencana akan berkurang seiring
dengan perkembangan
teknologi…”. Dewobroto, 2016.

Jembatan baja Eggner Ferry, Danau Tennesse, Kentucky.

Structural Design
What’s the purpose of structural
design?
Structural Design
Purposes of structuraldesign

To create a structure that is

stable, durable, safe, strong, and
other purposes such as
economical and easy to workon.
Structural Design
Structure is optimal, if…

1. Minimum cost
2. Minimum weight
3. Minimum construction time
4. Minimum labour
5. But…maximum benefits during service
 Structural Design
Prosedur Perencanaan: 1. Design /determine the function of thestructure

2. Preliminary design

3. Determine the structureloads

4. Determine size and geometry of structural elements

5. Structural Analysis

6. Evaluation

7. Redesign

8. Final design
Pembebanan
 Loads on Structures

External
LO A D S? forces that act
on structures

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.

Loads on Structures

Dead
Load Live Load

Classification of
Loads

Wind Seismic
Load Load

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 2. BEBAN
Loads on Structures 2. BEBAN GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.

Dead Load

Dead loads areclassified

• These loads are permanent and remainin
into:
place throughout the life of structure
• Structural element load
• Non-structural element
Ex : Slef-weight of structure
load

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.

 2. BEBAN
Loads on Structures 2. BEBAN GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.

• Concrete Construction
= 2200kg/m3 Materials:
Reinforced
Dead Load
Concrete Steel
= 2400kg/m3 = 7850 kg/m3

• Building components:
Speciments (per cm thick) = 21 kg/m2
Floor (per cm thick) = 24 kg/m2
Red brick wall = 250 kg/m2
Roof / Tile = 50 kg/m3

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.

 2. BEBAN
Loads on Structures 2. BEBAN GATI ANNISA HAYU, ST, MT, MSc.

LiveLoad

These loads aren’t permanent

and are movable throughout Human beings, furnitures,
the life of structure cars, etc

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.

 Loads on Structures

*SNI PEMBEBANAN BANGUNAN GEDUNG : 1727 -2013

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 Loads on Structures

Tekanan tiup 25kg/m2

These loads are applied by Tekanan tiup 40kg/m2
wind pressure on astructure

It depends on: they depend on location

Wind velocity Wind Load and height of thebuilding
Air mass density
Geographical location
Shape and height of the building
GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.
Loads on Structures

C x I Wt C = earthquake response factor

V = I = priority factor of the building
R
R = reduction factor
Wt = total weight of thebuilding

Seismic
These loads which cause during Load
an earthquake

GATI ANNISA HAYU, MT,MSc.