Immigration and Languages around the world:

Creole: languages born in contact

Pidgin languages are often born from the practical need for native speakers of different languages
to communicate, but given enough time and enough people using them, these informal means of
interaction can develop a unique depth and complexity. Creole languages form when, over the
course of several generations, pidgins are learned as native languages by people born into
language contact situations. Despite containing elements of two or more base languages, creoles
are themselves complete languages with complex grammar and rich vocabularies that are used
daily by native speakers.

Haitian Creole is one of the most widely used creole languages in the world today, spoken natively
by 12 million people in Haiti and abroad. Haitian Creole started with contact between French
colonists and enslaved Africans in the 17th and 18th centuries. These shared origins are evident in
the language as it is spoken today, combining a vocabulary of words derived from French with a
grammar based on the Volta-Congo languages of western Africa, as well as influence from English,
Spanish, and other languages.

Today, Haitian Creole is one of Haiti’s official languages alongside French, and Creole television and
radio stations exist in Cuba and the US to serve Haitian diaspora communities. An extensive body
of literature has been created by Haitian writers to further support the use and study of the
language.

Inmigration to México

In the country, there are at least 110,000 Haitian migrants, of whom 45,000 have been residing in
Mexico City for several months, stated Wilner Metelus, president of the Citizen Committee in
Defense of Naturalized and Afro-Mexicans. He called on the federal government to grant them a
humanitarian visa or provide documents to regularize their stay, allowing them to seek
employment, as he stated their intention is to remain in Mexico to work rather than continue their
journey to the United States.

He mentioned that they continue to migrate and pointed out that the number will increase in the
coming days, placing Haiti at the top of the list of dozens of countries with the highest number of
men, women, and children who have arrived in the country.

Research about the inmigration around the world and the consequences on
Children, Youth and adults adapting to a new culture and language.
Children and youth may experience difficulties in adjusting to a new educational system and social
environment. They may face challenges in making friends, participating in school activities, and
understanding academic instruction in a different language.
The stress of migration, separation from family members, and uncertainty about their future can
have psychological and emotional effects on children and youth. They may require support
services, including counseling and mental health resources, to address these challenges.

Adult migrants may struggle to find stable employment and housing in Mexico, particularly if they
lack legal status or documentation. They may face discrimination, exploitation, and economic
hardship in the informal labor market. Access to healthcare, social services, and legal assistance
may be limited for Haitian migrants in Mexico, further exacerbating their vulnerability and
marginalization.

Regarding remittances, in the third quarter of 2023, Mexico received US$301k in remittances from
Haiti, while Haiti received US$1.81M in remittances from Mexico. Finally, in terms of immigration
to Mexico, in 2020, there were 3,893 immigrants from Haiti, 31% women and 69% men.

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The 74% of Haitian-origin migrants currently in the country have expressed their interest in staying
in Mexico, as documented by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) of the UN.

The IOM's study, "Characterization of the Haitian-Origin Population in Mexico," emphasizes that
while individuals of Haitian origin have always been present in regional migration movements, it
was in 2021 when a significant increase and noticeable inflows of this population into Mexico were
observed. According to data from authorities, last year over 13,606 Haitian migrants were
detained, whereas in 2020 the figure was only 1,411.

Therefore, the international organization deemed it necessary to study the characteristics of this
population, their intentions, and needs to enable more adequate support in their migration
processes.

In this regard, through a survey conducted with a total of 5,725 Haitian migrants located in six
cities across the country, the IOM identified that in 2021, 74% expressed the intention to stay in
Mexico; 23% will continue their journey to the US, and only 1% expressed interest in returning to
their country of origin.

Meanwhile, among those seeking to stay in Mexico, 54% plan to relocate within the country,
primarily to Baja California, Mexico City, and Nuevo León.

Haitian migrants in Mexico City; it is estimated that more than 3,000 inhabit the Mexican capital.
These individuals live in shelters, rent, or even on the streets; NGOs request empathy towards
them. As detected, 25% of the migrants are girls, boys, and adolescents; of these, around three-
quarters are infants in early childhood. In the Tláhuac shelter, which opened on March 30th last
year, it housed 158 people in the first week, doubled the following week, and at its peak, it
accommodated up to 4,500 people, of whom 85% were Haitians. The second-largest group of
migrants in the capital are Venezuelans and Hondurans.