CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the conceptual and researchliterature and the related studies, which
the researcher gathered to know the fundamentals of the study. Furthermore,associated
concepts and analyses concerning our project,Indoor Aeroponics System are presented.

Related Literature

Millions of people have been displaced globally by the COVID-19 pandemic, forcing them to
work from home offices in a "new normal." Many home office workers were forced to work
in less than ideal settings due to the pandemic situation (Ahmed, S. and Qamar, F. ., 2022)
Employees who work from home face challenges because their employers do not provide
enough support for their home workplaces.

Employees used to spend enough time on the job site in the past, that is, prior to the
pandemic. In a similar vein, more time was once spent in offices. In contrast, there are
differences in the new regular work situations. There is still more to be done to ensure the
psychological health and well-being of workers in the new normal workplaces of work from
home, even though we all agree that social separation, limiting concentration of people
within restricted spaces, and the formation of strict norms are the key factors to limit
widespread transmission of pandemic.

Following the rapid closure of businesses and economies due to COVID-19, workers were
compelled to relocate from their places of employment to their homes. It was mandatory for
university faculty members to acquire laptops and to arrange a formal table or desk in their
homes so they could continue working. Instead, they used dining tables, chairs, monitors,
and other improvised workstations that are shared by family members and are used for
different purposes (e.g., children use the same table for homework, adults use it for work,
and family members use it for dinner).

The COVID-19 pandemic was causing a problem for university faculty members, and in order
to address these crises, ergonomic solutions were required. These interventions pertain to
work resources, personnel, equipment, and workstations as a whole. The field of ergonomics
studies how to make workplaces better and enable people to work comfortably. It is about
the machines that workers need, their jobs, and everything they use to get the job done. The
modern worker wants to work smarter, not harder, which makes ergonomic interventions
crucial.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) procedures are typically used to avert hazardous,
unusual, and unpredictably occurring events. after addressing an ergonomic intervention,
we choose two primary approaches. The first is the reactive approach, which examines
ergonomics by taking the workstation into consideration (from a work design perspective)
after a physical disorder has already occurred or after a musculoskeletal disorder has already
manifested itself.

An improved strategy is to take preventative measures, such as addressing workplace and

individual ergonomics before problems emerge. The reason this method is favored is
because it helps avoid injuries before they start. Furthermore, it facilitates the establishment
of a suitable mechanism in advance of unforeseen events, leads proper ergonomic
intervention, and lowers the expenses associated with work-related injuries. In this manner,
by taking a proactive stance, suitable ergonomic treatments stop new issues before they
start.

It's necessary to address ergonomic concerns that are psychosocial. According to research,
psychosocial concerns were not the same throughout COVID-19; for instance, please see. In
addition to the usual problems, employees who are compelled to collaborate with others
due to the nature of their profession may grow more fearful for their own health as well as
the health of their family members and coworkers. Problems may also arise from the
demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) or from its absence. For example, in
COVID-19, workers who lack a protective shield may experience stress, which ultimately
compromises their health. In a similar vein, people were unable to participate in a variety of
recreational sports that they had previously enjoyed as part of their regular routine, or prior
to the epidemic. An individual's stress level is raised by all of these limitations and the lack of
resources, which also contribute to psychological stressors. The psychosocial stressors listed
above are specifically linked to Covid-19 times and have the potential to induce
musculoskeletal diseases. As a result, any of the risk factors listed above may considerably
increase the likelihood of developing musculoskeletal problems.

Reference: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Ahmed%2C+S.
+and+Qamar%2C+F.+.%2C+2022%29+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1717296368021&u=%23p
%3Dm45c3NJ1ywEJ