Abstract

Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Fractional Reduced Differential Transform Method for

Solving Fractional Order Measles Model
1 S.E. Fadugba, 1 M.O. Oluwayemi, 2 A.O. Ajayi, 3 O. Faweya,
4 J.T. Okunlola and 5 M. Kekana
1 Department of Physical Sciences, Mathematics Programme,

Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria

2 Department of Computer Science, EKSU, Ado Ekiti
3 Department of Statistics, EKSU, Ado Ekiti
4 Department of Mathematical & Physical Sciences, ABUAD,

Ado Ekiti
5 Department of Mathematics, Tshwane University of

Technology
IEEE Conerence, Landmark University, April 5-7, 2023
S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola
Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Outline

Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer
Order
Numerical Simulations
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
References
Appreciation

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Abstract
This paper presents fractional reduced differential transform method
(F-RDTM) for the solution of measles model with fractional order
in a host community under Caputo sense. Fractional reduced differ-
ential transform method is the combination of the Caputo fractional
derivative and the reduced differential transform method (RDTM).
F-RDTM is a semi-analytical method for solving fractional partial
differential equations. The performance of F-RDTM in terms of
suitability and effectiveness was tested on an illustrative example.
Furthermore, the results obtained are presented and discussed exten-
sively to illustrate the solution of the model. Moreover, the physical
behaviour of the results was also captured in terms of plots by vary-
ing the fractional order.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Introduction
Most of the real life problems emanated from computational finance,
applied mathematics, physics, economics, engineering, medicine and
biomathematics are modelled by fractional differential equations; see
([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]). In many cases these equations
can be solved analytically and in some cases where the equations
have no analytical solutions, one way is to use numerical methods.
RDTM was first proposed by [11] and successfully used to solve
many types of nonlinear partial differential equations. Similar to the
traditional differential transformation method, RDTM demonstrates
feasible progress and efficiency of operation.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Introduction
Unlike other existing approaches, RDTM provides a simple way to
ensure the convergence of solution series; see ([12, 13, 14]), just to
mention a few. Many researchers have applied some existing methods
for the solution of fractional partial differential equations; such as
homotopy analysis method, Sumudu transform method, q-homotopy
analysis transform method, fractional natural decomposition method,
just to mention few; see ([15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]). In this paper,
the solution of measles model in a host community with fractional
order via F-RDTM is proposed in a Caputo sense. F-RDTM does
not require

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Introduction
linearization, perturbation or restrictive assumptions and offers solu-
tions with easily computable components as convergent series. Also,
it is a powerful approach that overcomes the deficiency that is mainly
caused by unsatisfied conditions. The emphasis is given to the Ca-
puto fractional derivative which is more suitable for the study of
differential equations with non-integer/fractional order. The rest of
the paper is structured as follows: Section Two presents some defi-
nitions of terms related to the study. In Section Three, the solution
of the model via F-RDTM is obtained. In Section Four, numerical
simulations are presented. Section Five captures the discussion of
results. Section Six concludes the study.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
Reduced...
M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Definition of Terms
This section presents definitions of some concepts related to the
study ([21, 22]).
Definition 1: The Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator of
f (t) is defined as
Z t
q 1
0 Dt f (t) = (t − τ )n−q−1 f (τ )dτ (1)
Γ(n − q) 0

where t > 0, n − 1 < q < n, n ∈ N.

Definition 2: The Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operator of
f (t) is defined as
Z t
q 1
J f (t) = (t − τ )q−1 f (τ )dτ, τ > 0, (2)
Γ(q) 0
S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola
Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Definition of Terms
where q ≥ 0 is the order, f (t) ∈ Cρ is a function, ρ ≥ 1, Cρ is a
space and Γ(q) is the gamma function of q.
Definition 3: The Caputo fractional derivative operator of f (t) ∈
n , n ∈ N is defined as
C−1
t
1
Z
c q
0 Dt f (t) = (t − τ )n−q−1 f (n) (τ )dτ, (3)
Γ(n − q) 0

for q ∈ (n − 1, n], t > 0.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Definition of Terms
Definition 4: The Caputo time-fractional derivative operator of order
q > 0 is defined as
(
1
Rt n−q−1 u (n) (x, τ )dτ
c q Γ(n−q) 0 (t − τ ) q ∈ (0, 1],
D
o t u = n
∂ u(x,t) (4)
∂t n , q = n

where n is the smallest integer that exceeds q, u = u(x, t) and

n
u (n) (x, τ ) = ∂ u(x,τ )
∂τ n . The superiority of the Caputo fractional
derivative operator over Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative
operator is that Caputo fractional derivative of a constant is zero.
Also, in the Caputo fractional derivative, initial conditions have clear
physical interpretation [23].

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Definition of Terms
Definition 5: The series representation of the form
∞ ∞
X zn X zn
Eq (z) = = , z ∈ C, (5)
Γ(nq + 1) (nq)!
n=0 n=0

is called the Mittag-Leffler function.

Definition 6: The fractional reduced differential transform (F-RDT)
of the function ψ(x, t) is defined as

[c0 Dtkq ψ(x, t)]t=t0

Ψk (x) = , q ∈ (0, 1], k = 0, 1, ..., n, (6)
Γ(1 + kq)

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Definition of Terms
kq
where c0 Dtkq ψ(x, t) = ∂ ∂t
ψ(x,t)
kq .
Definition 7: The inverse F-RDT of Ψk (x) is defined as
∞
X
ψ(x, t) = Ψk (x)(t − t0 )kq , 0 < q ≤ 1. (7)
k=0

By means of (6) and (7), the fundamental properties of F-RDTM

related to this paper are given in Table I.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Definition of Terms

Table 1: The fundamental properties of F-RDTM

Functional form Transformed form
ψ(x, t) = cφ(x, t) Ψk (x) = cΦk (x), c is a con-
stant.
x mq δq (k−n)
ψ(x, t) = Ψk (x) = Γ(1+mq) Γ(1+α) ,
x mq t nq
Γ(1+mq)Γ(1+nq) m, n ∈ N
nq
ψ(x, t) = ∂ ∂tφ(x,t)
nq Ψk (x) =
Γ(1+(k+n)q)
Γ(1+kq) Φk+n (x), n ∈ N
∂ mq φ(x,t) mq
ψ(x, t) = ∂x mq Ψk (x) = ∂ ∂xΦmq
k (x)
,m∈N

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order

In this section, we employ F-RDTM to obtain the convergent power
series solution for the measles model with fractional order. The flow
diagram for the fractional order measles model is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: The flow diagram for the fractional order measles model

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order

Consider the fractional order measles model of the form
c q
0 Dt S = B − βSI − µS,
c q
0 Dt E = βSI − (σ + µ + α)E ,
c q (8)
0 Dt I = αE − (γ + µ)I ,
c q
0 Dt R = γI + σE − µR.

subject to the initial conditions

S0 = a1 , E0 = a2 , I0 = a3 , R0 = a4 , (9)

and the initial population

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order

N0 = S0 + E0 + I0 + R0 . (10)
where q is the fractional order, S = S(t) is the susceptible, E = E (t)
is the exposed, I = I (t) is the infected, R = R(t) is the recovered,
B is the immigration rate, γ is the recovery from infection rate, β is
the infected rate, µ is the natural death rate, α is the infected class
rate, σ is the epidemic therapy rate.
Applying F-RDTM to (8), yields, respectively
 
k
Γ(qk + 1) Bδ(k) − β
X
Sk+1 = Sj Ik−j − µSk  , (11)
Γ(q(k + 1) + 1)
j=0

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order

 
k
Γ(qk + 1) X
Ek+1 = β Sj Ik−j − (σ + µ + α)Ek  ,
Γ(q(k + 1) + 1)
j=0
Γ(qk + 1) (12)
Ik+1 = (αEk − (γ + µ)Ik ) ,
Γ(q(k + 1) + 1)
Γ(qk + 1)
Rk+1 = (γIk + σEk − µRk ) ,
Γ(q(k + 1) + 1)

with the following conditions

S(0) = S0 , E (0) = E0 , I (0) = I0 , R(0) = R0 . (13)

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations
The F-RDTM provides an approximate-analytical solution in terms
of an infinite power series. It is expedient to evaluate this solution
and to obtain numerical values from the infinite power series. For
numerical results, the following parameters in Table 2 are considered.

Table 2: The parameters values of measles model with fractional order [24]

Parameter Description Values

S0 Initial susceptible population 600
E0 Initial exposed population 250
I0 Initial infected population 100
R0 Initial recovered population 50

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Parameter Description Values

B Immigration rate 32%
γ Recovery from infection rate 20%
β Infected rate 1%
µ Natural death rate 20%
α Infected class rate 1%
σ Epidemic therapy rate 25%
q Fractional order 0.96, 0.98, 1.0
Using (12) for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., we have that

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

S0 = 600,
−719.68
S1 = ,
Γ(q + 1)
1088.616 (14)
S2 = ,
Γ(2q + 1)
−1425.4392 269.88Γ(2q + 1)
S3 = − , ...
Γ(3q + 1) Γ(3q + 1)(Γ(q + 1))2

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

E0 = 250,
485
E1 = ,
Γ(q + 1)
−1167.9 (15)
E2 = ,
Γ(2q + 1)
1745.04 269.88Γ(2q + 1)
E3 = + , ...
Γ(3q + 1) Γ(3q + 1)(Γ(q + 1))2

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

I0 = 100,
−37.5
I1 = ,
Γ(q + 1)
19.85 (16)
I2 = ,
Γ(2q + 1)
−19.619
I3 = , ...
Γ(3q + 1)

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

R0 = 50
72.5
R1 = ,
Γ(q + 1)
99.25 (17)
R2 = ,
Γ(2q + 1)
−307.855
R3 = , ...
Γ(3q + 1)
By means of the inverse F-RDTM, we obtain the solutions

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

∞
X ∞
X
S(t) = Sk t qk , E (t) = Ek t qk ,
k=0 k=0
∞ ∞ (18)
X X
qk qk
I (t) = Ik t , R(t) = Rk t .
k=0 k=0

Using (14)-(17), (18) becomes

719.68 q 1088.616 2q
S(t) = 600 − t + t
Γ(q + 1) Γ(2q + 1)
 
1425.4392 269.88Γ(2q + 1)
− + t 3q + ...,
Γ(3q + 1) Γ(3q + 1)(Γ(q + 1))2

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

485 1167.9 2q
E (t) = 250 + tq − t
Γ(q + 1) Γ(2q + 1)
 
1745.04 269.88Γ(2q + 1)
+ + t 3q + ...,
Γ(3q + 1) Γ(3q + 1)(Γ(q + 1))2
37.5 q 19.85 2q
I (t) = 100 − t + t
Γ(q + 1) Γ(2q + 1)
(19)
19.619 3q
− t + ...,
Γ(3q + 1)
72.5 q 99.25 2q
R(t) = 50 + t + t
Γ(q + 1) Γ(2q + 1)
307.855 3q
− t + ...
Γ(3q + 1)
S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola
Fractionaland
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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

The results generated via F-RDTM for different values of q and t
are shown in the Tables 3-6.

Table 3: Susceptible population S(t) with different values of q and t

t q = 0.96 q = 0.98 q = 1.0

0 600 600 600
0.2 466.9350 471.1049 475.2160
0.4 370.3521 374.3213 378.2551
0.6 285.1360 289.3677 293.395
0.8 193.0914 199.2520 204.9161
1.0 77.7258 87.8212 97.0948

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
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Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
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Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Table 4: Exposed population E (t) with different values of q and t

t q = 0.96 q = 0.98 q = 1.0

0 250 250 250
0.2 330.8412 328.7702 326.6884
0.4 377.7380 376.3281 374.9392
0.6 416.9829 414.8662 413.0308
0.8 469.0825 463.8237 459.2416
1.0 552.8958 541.8241 531.8500

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
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APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Table 5: Infected population I (t) with different values of q and t

t q = 0.96 q = 0.98 q = 1.0

0 100 100 100
0.2 92.3178 92.5980 92.8708
0.4 85.7491 86.0652 86.3787
0.6 79.7868 80.0767 80.3667
0.8 74.1885 74.4331 74.6778
1.0 68.7581 68.9574 69.1552

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
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Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
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Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Table 6: Recovered population R(t) with different values of q and t

t q = 0.96 q = 0.98 q = 1.0

0 50 50 50
0.2 67.5696 66.8082 66.0745
0.4 85.5135 84.5877 83.6562
0.6 101.4701 100.9116 100.2822
0.8 112.9436 113.2919 113.4897
1.0 117.5237 119.2835 120.8158

The plots of the susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered popula-

tions for q = 1 by varying t are displayed in Figures 2-5, respectively.
The physical behaviour of the results is captured in Figures 6-9.
S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola
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Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
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Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Figure 2: The susceptible population for different values of t.

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Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
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Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Figure 3: The exposed population for different values of t.

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Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
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Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Figure 4: The infected population for different values of t.

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 Abstract
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Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Figure 5: The recovered population for different values of t.

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Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
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Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Figure 6: The plots of Table III.

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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Figure 7: The plots of Table IV.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Figure 8: The plots of Table V.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Numerical Simulations, Results and Concluding Remarks

Figure 9: The plots of Table VI.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Discussion of Results
It is observed from Figures 2 and 3 that there is a sharp decrease
in the susceptible population and a sharp increase in the exposed
population as time t increases. It is clearly seen from Figure 4 that
as time t increases, the infected population decreases. The rapid
increase in the recovered population is due to the increase in time t
as shown in Figure 5. Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 show the physical behaviour
of the results generated via F-RDTM for different values of fractional
order q. It is observed from Figure 6 that there is a rapid decrease
in susceptible population as the fractional order q decreases.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Discussion of Results
This is expected because of the interaction of the population in this
compartment with the infected population. It is observed from Fig-
ure 7 that as the values of q decrease, there is a sharp increase in
the exposed population. Figure 8 show that there is no significant
difference in the infected population for different values of q. It is
also observed from Figure 9 that the recovered population increases
as q decreases with t = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6. It is clearly seen from Figure
9 that the recovered population decreases as the fractional order de-
creases with t = 0.8, 1.0.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Concluding Remarks
In this paper, the solution of fractional order measles model in a host
community with the help of F-RDTM was obtained. The numerical
simulation was performed to witness the interaction of the measles
model with fractional order against population in a host commu-
nity. F-RDTM provides the solution of the model in the form of a
convergent series without any restrictive assumptions. The physi-
cal behaviour of the results generated via F-RDTM was captured in
terms of plots for different values of q.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Concluding Remarks
It is observed that Caputo fractional derivative shows significant
changes and memory effects as compared with ordinary derivatives.
Moreover, it is noteworthy to conclude that F-RDTM is found to be
effective and suitable in obtaining both exact and approximate solu-
tions for fractional order measles model in a Caputo sense. Also,
F-RDTM reduces the numerical computations to a great extent.
Hence, higher accuracy can be achieved using F-RDTM by evaluat-
ing more components of the solution. Computations are performed
via MATLAB R2014a, Version: 8.3.0.552, 32 bit (win 32) in double
precision.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

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transform method for solving time and space local fractional
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S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

D.G. Prakasha, N.S. Malagi and P. Veeresha, New approach

for fractional Schrodinger-Boussinesq with Mittag-Leffler ker-
nel, Mathematical methods in Applied Sciences, (2020), Doi:
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ical surfaces to the mathematics model of cancer chemother-
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S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

A. Abdon, Modelling the spread of COVID-19 with new fractal-

fractional operators: Can the lockdown save mankind before
vaccination?, Chaos Solitons & Fractals, 136, (2020), 109860.
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New approach for the model describing the deathly disease in
pregnant women using Mittag-Leffler function, Chaos, Solitons
& Fractals, 134(2020), 109696.
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S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola
Fractionaland
Reduced...
M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Y. Keskin and G. Oturanç, The reduced differential transform

method for partial differential equations, Int. J. Nonlin. Sci. Nu-
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Scholes partial differential equation for the vanilla op-
tions via the reduced differential transform method, In-
ternational Journal of Mathematics and Computation,
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30(2019), pp. 76-85.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
Reduced...
M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Y. Keskin and G. Oturanç, The reduced differential transform

method for solving linear and nonlinear wave equations, Iran. J.
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transform and Sumudu transform for solving fractional Black-
Scholes equation for a European call option problem, Interna-
tional Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 19(2019), pp. 38-
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S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
Reduced...
M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

P. Veeresha, H.M. Baskonus, D.G. Prakasha, W.Gao and G.Yel,

Regarding new numerical solution of fractional Schistosomiasis
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S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola
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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

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S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

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M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

Adomian decomposition method, Ain Shams Engineering Jour-

nal, 9(2018), pp. 3391-3397.

S.E. Fadugba, M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola

Fractionaland
Reduced...
M. Kekana
 Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
F-RDTM for the Solution of Measles Model with Non-Integer Order
Discussion of Results
Concluding Remarks
APPRECIATION

APPRECIATION

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M.O.Oluwayemi, A.O. Ajayi, O. Faweya, J.T. Okunlola
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