Umhlahlandlela Wakho

Wekutilungiselela Luhlolo

STEP 12

SISWATI LULWIMI
LWASEKHAYA LIBANGA
NELULWIMI
LWEKUCALA
12
LWEKWENGETA

LIPHEPHA LE-1
LULWIMI NGEKWESIMONGCONDVO
(SIVIVINYO, SIFINYETO, TAKHI NETIMISO
TEKUSETJENTISWA KWELULWIMI)

Supported by
FOREWORD BY THE HONOURABLE MINISTER OF BASIC EDUCATION

Our shared goal is continually to improve learner performance. This is an effort which is
strengthened through close collaboration between the Basic Education Sector and the South
Africa’s private and public sectors.

It gives me great pleasure to inform you that you have been favoured with the AVBOB STEP
12 Examination Preparation Guides for South Africa’s Grade 12 languages, a product of a
long-standing partnership between the Department of Basic Education and AVBOB.

Through these guides, AVBOB aims to provide language examination support to all Grade
12 teachers and learners. These guides will serve as a valuable self-help resource for
learners.

Through AVBOB STEP 12, AVBOB is making available 33 Examination Preparation

Guides, each meticulously compliant with the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement
(CAPS); and written in accordance with the most recent Examination Guidelines for the
twelve South African languages offered in Grade 12. Teachers, learners and interested
parties, may download these guides at no cost from www.avbobstep12.co.za.

The initial set of AVBOB STEP 12 Examination Preparation Guides – in all 11 official South
African languages, comprises one guide for each of the three National Senior Certificate
examination papers, and covers both Home and First Additional Languages:

1. Language in context;
2. Literature; and
3. Creative Writing.

Each guide covers themes as directed in the curriculum and focuses on important areas
covered in the examination papers. By paying attention to time management in the exams,
the AVBOB STEP 12 guides can also assist learners in alleviating anxiety and stress.

As the Department of Basic Education, we encourage Grade 12 language teachers and

other educators of Grade 12 learners to embrace the AVBOB STEP 12 Examination
Preparation Guides, which we have reviewed and supported, as valuable additional
resources within their education toolkits.

On behalf of the Department of Basic Education

Mrs Angie Motshekga, MP

South African Minister of Basic Education
Date: 21 April 2023
Lokucuketfwe
1 Singeniso 01
2 Luhlakasimo Lweliphepha le-1 02
3 Lokucuketfwe: Ngiliphendvula njani Liphepha le-1? 04

3.1 Sigaba A: Sivisiso (Umbuto 1) 04

3.1.1 Ngulenjani imibuto lengingayilindzela? 05
3.1.2 Ngiyiphendvula njani lemibuto? 05

3.2 Sigaba B: Sifinyeto (Umbuto 2) 07

3.3 Sigaba C: Takhi Netimiso Tekusetjentiswa Kwelulaimi (Umbuto 3-5) 08

3.3.1 Umbuto 3 08
3.3.1.1 Takhi telulwimi 09
a) Silulumagama 09
b) Kwakhiwa kwesilulumagama 09
c) Inshokutsi 13
d) Emagama landzindzisanako 14
e) Bomcondvosobala nabomcondvojula 14
f) Lulwimisifaniselo 14
g) Kugcizelela 14
h) Ligama lelimela umusho/libintana 14
i) Lulwimi nemmango 15
j) Tifinyeto 15
k) Kuhleleka kwemagama emshweni/luhlelomisho 16
l) Emagama latihlanganisi/tihlanganiso 17
m) Tento 19
n) Inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko 21
o) Timphawu tekufundza nekubhala 23
p) Budlelwano emkhatsini wemagama, imisho netindzima 23
3.3.1.2 Kucikelela kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile 24
3.3.2 Umbuto 4 28
3.3.3 Umbuto 5 30

Ematheksthi nemibuto lefakwe kulomhlahlandlela KUTIBONELO nje

kuphela taloko lokungalindzelwa eluhlolweni lwekugcina lwemnyaka.
1. Singeniso
Lomhlahlandlela wekutifundzela uhlose kutfutfukisa ematfuba akho ekuphumelela Liphepha le-1 lelimayelana
neKusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngekwesimongondvo (sivivinyo, sifinyeto, takhi netimiso tekusetjentiswa
kwelulwimi). Lomhlahlandlela wekutifundzela wehlukaniswe tigaba letimbili: kucocisana ngeluhlakasimo
lweLiphepha le-1, kulandzele sibutsiselo salokucuketfwe ngaloko lokubhalwa ngako. Lwati lwaletigaba
lubalulekile ekukusiteni kutsi uphumelele Liphepha Lekucala (P1).
Luhlaka nalokucuketfwe ePhepheni le-1 kulandzela Sitatimende Senchubomgomo Yekharikhulamu Nekuhlola
(CAPS) lesishicilelwe Litiko Lemfundvo Yemabanga Laphasi njemhlahlandlela wekufundzisa nekufundza. Cela
thishela wakho akukhombise umculu we-CAPS kute utibonele wena ngekwakho loko lokumiselwe kufundvwa
ePhepheni le-1.

Lomhlahlandlela wekutifundzela
awentelwanga kutsi ukwandzisele
umsebenti ngekwengeta emaphuzu
nelwati, kepha wentelwe kutsi ube yi-
NKHOMBANDLELA lefanele. Awusiyo
incwadzi yeLulwimi, ngako-ke
ungalindzeli kutsi ucukatse konkhe
lokutidzingo teLuhlelomsebenti
(annual teaching plan). Lwati
lolubalulekile ngalokucuketfwe
kuleliphepha lutawuvetwa
kulomhlahlandlela. Usalindzelekile-ke
kutsi wena utifundzele ngekwakho
wonkhe umsebenti weLuhlelomsebenti
wentele kutfutfukisa emakhono akho
ekuphumelela.

KUMELE WATI KUTSI I-CAPS ITSINI

Lapho Lulwimi Lwasekhaya lwehluka khona eLulwimini Lwekucala Lwekwengeta,

imininingwane yeLulwimi Lwekucala Lwekwengeta itawubhalwa ngembala loluhlata
kwesibhakabhaka

Likhasi 01
 2. Luhlakasimo lweLiphepha le-1
Fundza lemininingwane lelandzelako ngekucophelela ngobe itakusita kuphendvula leliphepha malula:

LULWIMI LWASEKHAYA
ƒ Ubekelwe ema-awa la-2 (120 emaminithi) kuphendvula Liphepha le-1. Samba semamaki aleliphepha ngu-70
ƒ Liphepha lehlukaniswe tigaba letintsatfu: Sigaba A (Sivisiso), Sigaba B (Sifinyeto) ne-Sigaba C: (Takhi netimiso
tekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi).
ƒ Fundzisisa ticondziso letisekucaleni kweliphepha, wente siciniseko sekutsi utivisisa kahle.
ƒ Phendvula yonkhe imibuto lesePhepheni Lekucala (P1) – uphocelelekile kutsi uyiphendvule.
ƒ Samba semamaki eSigaba A (Umbuto 1) ngemamaki la-30. Lesigaba sinematheksthi lamabili: itheksthi lebhalwako
KANYE netheksthi yesibonwa. Ulindzeleke kutsi uphendvule yonkhe imibuto yesivisiso ngalamatheksthi lamabili.
ƒ Samba semamaki eSigaba B (Umbuto 2) ngemamaki la-10. Lena yitheksthi lokumele uyifinyete ngekulandzela ticondziso
talesigaba.
ƒ Samba semamaki eSigaba C (imibuto 3-5) ngemamaki la-30.
ƒ Umbuto we-3 unemamaki la-10 kantsi umayelana nesikhangisi. Kulindzeleke kutsi uphendvule imibuto ngemasu
ekukhangisa (8 emamaki) nelulwimi (silulumagama nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi) nobe luhlelomisho nekuhleleka
kwematheksthi (emamaki la-2).
ƒ Umbuto we-4 unemamaki la-10 kantsi umayelana nekhathuni. Kulindzeleke kutsi uphendvule imibuto ngekucikelela
kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile, lulwimi nesilulumagama, luhlelomisho nekuhleleka kwematheksthi.
ƒ Umbuto we-5 unemamaki la-10 kantsi unetheksthi lefundvwako. Kumele uphendvule imibuto lemayelana
nesilulumagama, lulwimi neluhlelomisho kanye nekuhleleka kwematheksthi.

eSigabeni A eSigabeni B * eSigabeni C Samba sako konkhe

120 emaminithi
50 emaminithi 25 emaminithi 45 emaminithi
(2 ema-awa)

* Sigaba C: ungacitsi sikhatsi lesengca emaminithi la-15 kulowo nalowo mbuto: 15 emaminithi x 3 = 45 emaminithi

LIPHEPA 1: 2 EMA-AWA, 70 EMAMAKI, 3 TIGABA

Sigaba A Sigaba B Sigaba B

Umbuto 1 Umbuto 2 Umbuto 3
Itheksthi lefundvwako Itheksthi lefundvwako Sikhangisi – emasu ekukhangisa, takhi netimiso
netheksthi yesibonwa Sifinyeto tekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi (10 emamaki)
Imibuto yesivisiso 10 emamaki Umbuto 4
(30 emamaki) Ikhathuni – kucikelela kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile
(10 emamaki)
Umbuto 5
Itheksthi lefundvwako – takhi netimiso tekusetjentiswa
kwelulwimi (10 emamaki)

ƒ Bala linani lemakhasi eliphepha lekuhlola wente siciniseko sekutsi liphelele.

ƒ Phendvula yonkhe imibuto ngekubhala ngepheni lenembala LOLUHLATA nobe LOMNYAMA.

Likhasi 02
LULWIMI LWEKUCALA LWEKWENGETA
ƒ Unesikhatsi lesingema-awa la-2 (emaminithin la-120) sekuphendvula Liphepha le-1. Samba sawo onkhe emamaki
aleliphepha ngu-80.
ƒ Leliphepha lehlukaniswe tigaba letintsantfu: Sigaba A (sivisiso), Sigaba B (sifinyeto), neSigaba C (Takhi netimiso
tekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi).
ƒ Fundzisisa ticondziso letisekucaleni kweliphepha wente siciniseko sekutsi utivisisa kahle.
ƒ Phendvula YONKHE imibuti ePhepheni le-1 – uphocelelekile kutsi uyiphendvule.
ƒ Samba semamaki eSigaba A (umbuto 1) ngemamaki la-30. Lesigaba sinematheksthi lamabili: itheksthi lebhalwako nesibonwa.
Kumele uphendvule imibuto yesivisiso lebutwe ngalamatheksthi lamabili.
ƒ Samba semamaki eSigaba B (umbuto 2) ngemamaki la-10. Lesigaba sinetheksthi lokumele uyifinyete ngekulandzela ticondziso.
ƒ Samba semamaki eSigaba C (imibuto 3-5) ngemamaki la-40.
ƒ Umbuto we-3 unemamaki la-10, unesikhangisi. Kumele uphendvule imibuto ngemasu ekukhangisa (8 emamaki) nelulwimi
(silulumagama nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi) nobe luhlelomisho nekuhleleka kwematheksthi (2 emamaki).
ƒ Umbuto we-4 unemamaki la-10 kantsi umayelana nekhathuni. Kulindzeleke kutsi uphendvule imibuto ngekucikelela
kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile, silulumagama, kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi nobe luhlelomisho nekuhleleka
kwematheksthi (10 emamaki)
ƒ Umbuto we-5 unemamaki la-20, kantsi futsi wehlukaniswe tincenye letimbili: itheksthi lefundvwako (5.1 = 14 emamaki)
lenemibuto ngelulwimi nesibonwa, (5.2 = 6 emamaki) lenemibuto yelulwimi.

eSigabeni A eSigabeni B * eSigabeni C Samba sako konkhe

120 emaminithi
50 emaminithi 20 emaminithi 50 emaminithi
(2 ema-awa)

* Sigaba C: Ungacitsi sikhatsi lesengca emaminithi la-12 emibutweni 3 na 4 ngamunye bese ucitsa emaminithi la-26
embutweni 5 (18 emaminithi emibutweni lesuselwa etheksthini kanye nemaminithi la-8 emibutweni lephatselene
nesitfombe). 12 emaminithi + 12 emaminithi + 26 emaminithi = 50 emaminithi.

LIPHEPHA 1: 2 EMA-AWA, 80 EMAMAKI, 3 TIGABA

Sigaba A: 30 emamaki Sigaba B: 10 emamaki Sigaba C: 40 emamaki

Umbuto-1 Umbuto-2 Umbuto-3
Itheksthi lefundvwako nesibonwa – Itheksthi lefundvwako – Sikhangisi – emasu ekukhangisa
Imibuto yesivisiso Sifinyeto Umbuto-4
Ikhathuni – kucikelela kusetjentiswa
kwelulwimi ngalokujulile
Takhi netimiso tekusetjentiswa
kwelulwimi
Umbuto-5
Itheksthi lefundvwako
nesibonwa – takhi netimiso
tekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi

ƒ Bala linani lemakhasi eliphepha lekuhlola wente siciniseko sekutsi liphelele.

ƒ Phendvula yonkhe imibuto ngekubhala ngepeni lenembala LOLUHLATA nobe LOMNYAMA.

Caphela: EPhepheni le-1 ulindzeleke kutsi uphendvule YONKHE imibuto kuto TONKHE LETIGABA LETINTSATFU.

Likhasi 03
 3. Lokucuketfwe: Ngiliphendvula njani Liphepha le-1?
Ephepheni le-1, kumele ufundze ematheksthi ngekucophelela, ucaphelisise uphindze uvisise tibonwa, wati
inchazelo yemibuto ngalokucacile bese ubhala timphendvulo takho letinembako. Leso naleso Sigaba sidzinga
emakhono lahlukene, latawuchazwa ngalokwehlukene ngentasi.

3.1 Sigaba A – Sivisiso (Umbuto 1)

Esigabeni A (umbuto 1) kugcizelelwa kufundza nekuvisisa itheksthi (itheksthi A) nekuhumusha sibonwa (ithesthi B). Ingcikitsi
yeTheksthi B kumele ihlobane neTheksthi A.

Lulwimi Lwasekhaya Lulwimi Lwekucala Lwekwengeta

ITheksthi A: 500-560 emagama Itheksthi A: 450-500 emagama
ITheksthi B: ihlobana neTheksthi A Ithekshti B: ayihlobani neTheksthi A

Kuvisisa itheksthi kudzinga kutsi ube nalamakhono lalandzelako:

ƒ Kumele uvisise emagama, imisho netindzima eTheksthini A nenshokutsi yakhona. (Kumele ufundze ematheksthi
latinhlobonhlobo kutilungiselela loku).
ƒ Tfola budlelwano lobukhona emkhatsini wemagama, imisho netindzima.
ƒ Combela ngemibono levetwa yitheksthi.
ƒ Cwaningisisa imicondvo lecuketfwe yitheksthi.
ƒ Catsanisa bese unika inshokutsi yalemibono.
ƒ Hlatiya lwati nemininingwane leniketiwe.
ƒ Sebentisa lolwati kutimo letinsha.
ƒ Hlanganisa imibono leyehlukene kubumba sitfombe lesiphelele.
ƒ Hlatiya kubaluleka kwalemibono ngalokujulile.
ƒ Khombisa lwati lwebudlelwano lobusemkhatsini weTheksthi A neTheksthi B (Lulwimi Lwasekhaya kuphela).

Ematheksthi afana nebulwembu besiyobi.

Ngekusebentisa imibuto netimphendvulo takho,
kumele uvete kutsi uyevisisa indlela itheksthi
leyakheke ngayo nekubumbana kwetincenye
tayo letehlukene. Ukwenta kanjani loku?

ƒ Hlatiya, lokungenani ematheksthi lasihlanu phakatsi nemnyaka bese uphendvula imibuto lehambisana nawo kute
utfutfukise emakhono lafanele.
ƒ Thishela wakho angakunika ematheksthi nemibuto longatilolonga ngayo kwenta loku.

Likhasi 04
3.1.1 Ngulenjani imibuto lengingayilindzela?
Leminye imibuto itawuba malula, leminye itawuba semkhatsini
ngebulukhuni kantsi leminye itawuba lukhuni. Ingahle ibekhona imibuto
lelukhuni kakhulu. Yehlisa umoya, phendvula yonkhe imibuto ngawo
onkhe emandla lonawo.
ƒ 40% yemibuto itawuvivinya indlela lovisisa ngayo itheksthi
(emagama, imisho netindzima). Loku kusho kutsi timphendvulo
talemibuto titfolakala-ngco kuletheksthi.
ƒ 40% lelandzelako yemibuto itawuvivinya likhono lakho
lekucombela. Loku-ke kusho kutsi timphendvulo talemibuto
atitfolakali-ngco etheksthini, kodvwa tibe ticuketfwe etheksthini.
Kusebentisa lwati lwalokucuketfwe njengesisusa setimphendvulo
takho kungakusita kutsi ucombele timphendvulo ngekulandzela
loko lokusetheksthini. Kumele uyivisise kahle itheksthi uma ufuna
kuphendvula loluhlobo lwemibuto.
ƒ 20% yemibuto ihlola likhono lakho lekujula netheksthi, kusebentisa lolwati etimeningcondvo letinsha, uhlatiye bese wenta
tincumo/tiphakamiso letifanele. Kumele uyivisise kahle itheksthi kuze uphendvule kahle loluhlobo lwemibuto.

3.1.2 Ngiyiphendvula njani imibuto?

Nangabe ufuna kuniketa timphendvulo letinembako, kumele ungavisisi kuphela itheksthi, kepha kumele uvisise nemibuto. Nayi
indlela letakusita:
ƒ Fundza sihloko setheksthi emahlandla lalandzelanako bese wetama kuvisisa kutsi lesihloko sihlose kukutjelani.
ƒ Fundza letheksthi ngekunyanyalata, utfole sitfombe saloko lokukhulunywa ngako.
ƒ Fundza imibuto kancane, utfole loko lokucuketfwe kuyo.
ƒ Phindza ufundze letheksthi, kepha ngekucophelela, ube ucabanga ngemibuto
ƒ Nyalo ungacala kuphendvula imibuto:
ƒ Calisa ngembuto 1.1 bese udvwebela emagama LAMCOKA alombuto.
ƒ Vumela lamagama lamcoka kutsi akhuholele ekuphendvuleni lombuto.
ƒ Ngembi kwekutsi ucale kubhala imphendvulo, tibute: Ngabe loku lengikubhalile kuyawuphendvula yini lombuto?
ƒ Landzela indlela lefanako kuyo yonkhe leminye imibuto.

Njengobe usebentisa lendlela, cikelela loku:

ƒ Uma ungayati inshokutsi yeligama lelitsite, phindza ufundzisise, utsatsele etheksthini endzimeni lokusetjentiswe kuyo
leligama – loku kuyaye kusite ngalesinye sikhatsi.
ƒ Emibutweni lefuna lokufanako, umehluko, kucatsanisa, kufanisa nesiphukuto, totimbili tinhlangotsi kumele tivetwe.

Sibonelo:
Umbuto: Nika umehluko welihembe leligcokwe nguMajaheni nalelo leligcokwe nguSipho.
Imphendvulo:
Majaheni ugcoke lihembe lemikhono lemifisha kantsi Sipho ugcoke lihembe lemikhono lemidze.
Imphendvulo letsi Majaheni ugcoke lihembe lemikhono lemifisha kuphela ayikeneli - totimbili tihlangotsi kumele
tivetwe (Loko lokugcokwe nguMajaheni naloko lokugcokwe nguSipho). Kanjalo akwenteke ngalokufanako
emibutweni lefuna lokufanako, umehluko, kucatsanisa, kufanisa nesiphukuto. Veta TOTIMBILI tinhlangotsi.

Likhasi 05
ƒ Uma umbuto udzinga imphendvulo yeligama linye. Kumele uphendvule ngeligama linye kuphela.
ƒ Emibutweni lefuna imphendvulo lengetulu kweligama linye, cikelela kutsi vele umbuto ulindzele imphendvulo lenemagama
lamabili nobe ngetulu, emagama lahlukene nobe lalandzelanako – phendvula lombuto njengobe kulindzelekile.
ƒ Nangabe umbuto udzinga kutsi ucaphune etheksthini, incenye lecashuniwe ayivele njengobe injalo etheksthini, ingabi nemaphutsa.
ƒ Uma umbuto unetincenye letimbili nobe ngetulu, wuphendvule ulandzele letincenye letifunekako njengobe kunjalo embutweni.
ƒ Nangabe kumele uphendvule ngaYEBO/CHA, LICINISO/LIPHUTSA, NGIYAVUMA/ANGIVUMI – cikelela kutsi wesekela
imphendvulo yakho ya-YEBO/CHA, LICINISO/LIPHUTSA ngekunika sizatfu nobe lokunye longasekela ngako.
ƒ Kumele ube nesiciniseko sekutsi inchazelo lowesekela ngayo iyahambisana na-YEBO/CHA, LICINISO/LIPHUTSA.

Uma uphendvula ngekutsi YEBO, kwesekela kwakho kungeke kuhambisane na-CHA ngobe utawulahlekelwa
ngemamaki.

ƒ Kumbula kutsi ucale nga-YEBO/CHA, LICINISO/LIPHUTSA (nobe letinye tetindlela letibalwe ngetulu) ngembi kwekwesekela nobe kuchaza.
ƒ Kuvamile kutsi imibuto leminyenti ilandzele kuhleleka kwetheksthi, kepha loku ukubi njalo ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. Ingahle
ibe khona imibuto lebuta ngaloko lokusendzimeni leyengcile – yiba sesimeni sekutsi ungabuyela emuva nobe uchubekele
embili kuletheksthi.
ƒ Lapho kubutwa khona ngebudlelwano emkhatsini wemisho/ tindzima/ ematheksthi/ imibono, njll, cikelela kutsi uvisisa umcondvo
lomcoka waloko lokubutwa ngako embutweni bese ufuna imicondvo lehambisanako emigceni/ etindzimeni/ ematheksthini, njll.
Hlolisisa lokuhlobana kwalemicondvo bese ubhala imphendvulo yakho ngalokucacile nangendlela lenembako.
ƒ Nangabe kubutwe nge-liciniso nobe umbono, kumele ucikelele kutsi: liciniso lingasekelwa, litimele lodvwa ngentfo
lebambekako; umbono kuba ngumcabango nje wemuntfu lotsite longehluka kulowo walomunye umuntfu, sibonelo:

Mine ngine R1000 – Kuliciniso loku ngobe ungayibala imali, loku kuliciniso lelibambekako.
Ngekungahambisani: Nginemali lenyenti. Loku kungumbono ngobe emntfwini lophuyile (R1000)
angabonakala ayimali lenyenti kakhulu kantsi emntfwini lonjingile (R1000), mncane kakhulu.

ƒ Imibuto levulekile: nangabe umbuto ucalisa nga-“Ucabanga kutsi …” usho kutsi imphendvulo ayikho etheksthini, kumele
unikete imphendvulo lengumbono wakho. Kepha loku akusho kutsi unganika nobe nguyiphi imphendvulo loyicabangako
ngobe ubona umbuto ucala ngekutsi, “Ucabanga kutsi …” Lemphendvulo loticabangela yona wena, kumele ihambisane
naloko lokwenteka etheksthini. Loku kusho kutsi utfutfukisa lokucuketfwe kuletheksthi ngekuveta umbono wakho lotimele.
ƒ Budze (ngalesinye sikhatsi kujula) kwemphendvulo yakho kumele kuhambisane nemamaki laniketwe lowo mbuto.
Cikelela kutsi imphendvulo yakho ihambisana nelinani lemamaki laniketwe kulowo nalowo mbuto.

Embutweni lonemamaki lamatsatfu, ungeke uphendvule ngeliphuzu linye kuphela. Linani lemamaki
kulowo nalowo mbuto lingumhlahlandlela lokutjela kabanti kutsi kumele ubhale emaphuzu lamangaki
emphendvulweni yakho.

ƒ Imvamisa, kumele ubhale liphuzu linye lapho kunelimaki linye khona, kepha ngalesinye sikhatsi kuyadzingeka kutsi ubhale
imininingwane leyengetiwe kuze utfole emamaki lamanyenti.
ƒ Cikelela inchazelo lecondzile (inshokutsi lesobala yeligama) nenchazelo lecombelako (emagama lanenshokutsi lebhacile/
inkhulumosifaniselo/emagama langenayo inshokutsi lesobala). Loku kutakusita kutsi uyivisise nconywana itheksthi, Sibonelo:

lomkhulu (siphawulo) na sikhulu (libito), omabili lamagama aveta bukhulu bentfo, kepha ‘sikhulu’ ucondziswe
ngco emntfwini lophetse kantsi ‘lomkhulu’ uyaphawula nje kuphela – akakacondzi-ngco.

ƒ Cikelela imibono, tiphakamiso letivetwa etheksthini, tinkhulumo letivetwako, inkhulumo letsintsa imiva, inkhulumo
letsatsa luhlangotsi, inkhulumo legcugcutelako, imfundzisolite, inkhulumo lehhungako, inkhulumo leyinkhohliso
nekuhleleka kwetheksthi.
ƒ Imphikiswano nobe sitatimende siyemukeleka ngalokuvamile uma siphakanyiswa ngumuntfu lonelwati, nobe uma
sesekelwa ngemaphuzu lanembako.

Likhasi 06
 3.2 Sigaba B – Sifinyeto (Umbuto 2)
Sigaba B sinembuto munye kuphela – umbuto 2 (bhala sifinyeto: 10 emamaki)

Lulwimi Lwasekhaya Lulwimi Lwekucala Lwekwengeta

ƒ Finyeta itheksthi lenemagama la-270 ngemagama ƒ Finyeta itheksthi lenemagama la-220 ngemagama
langengci kula-70. langengci kula-60.
ƒ Bhala sifinyeto sakho ngendlela yetindzima – indzima ƒ Finyeta ngendlela yemaphuzu.
yinye kuphela.

Cikelela lamaphuzu lalandzelako uma ubhala sifinyeto:

ƒ Bhala, ungengci emagameni la-70.
ƒ Cikelela kutsi uyativisisa kahle ticondziso bese uyatilandzela ngalokufanele.
ƒ Ulindzeleke kutsi uvete emaphuzu la-7 (lasikhombisa) kulesifinyeto sakho: teluleko/buhle/bubi (njll).
ƒ Awukalindzeleki kutsi ubhale sihloko sesifinyeto sakho.
ƒ Bala linani lemagama lasetjentisiwe kulesifinyeto bese uwabhala kubakaki ekugcineni kwaso.
ƒ Bhala imisho lephelele esifinyetweni sakho. Kubhala ngendlela ye-Thelegramu akukavumeleki - lowo nalowo musho
awube nenhloko nesilandziso.
ƒ Bhala lesifinyeto ube usebentisa emagama akho. Nangabe ucaphuna etheksthini njengobe kunjalo utawulahlekelwa
ngemamaki. Khumbula kutsi inhloso yesifinyeto kuhlola lizinga lekuvisisa itheksthi leniketiwe, ukhokhe emaphuzu
lamcoka, bese uwabhala ngendlela lefunwa ngumbuto (ngekulandzela ticondziso).
ƒ Ungatitfolela emamaki la-7 ngemaphuzu lahambisana nebuhle/bubi/teluleko/njll kulesifinyeto sakho kanye nemamaki
la-3 ekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi.

SECWAYISO!
ƒ Nangabe ugucula ligama linye
lelisesicashunweni, alisabalwa
njengesicashunwa.
ƒ Nangabe ugucula kuhleleka Kusho kutsini loku?
kwemagama emshweni
Kusho kutsi ungayisebentisa imisho lesetheksthini
wesicashunwa, nako akusabalwa
kepha kumele:
njekucaphuna ngco etheksthini.
ƒ Ugucule nobe ushiye linye ligama, nobe
wengete ngeligama linye emshweni lelingekho
kuletheksthi.
NOBE
ƒ Gucula kuhleleka kwemagama emshweni.

Likhasi 07
 Nangabe uvisisa umbuto/ticondziso, ubhala ngemisho legcwele uphindze
unikete emaphuzu lasikhombisa (njengobe utjeliwe), usebentisa emagama akho,
ungagudluki kuloko lokukhulunywa ngako etheksthini, kuba yindlela lemalula
yekutitfolela 10 emamaki.

3.3 Sigaba C: Takhi netimiso tekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi (Umbuto 3-5)

Lesigaba sinemibuto lemitsatfu: umbuto we-3, we-4 newe-5. Lowo nalowo mbuto unetigatjana letiwela ngaphasi kwawo,
kantsi futsi uhlola lamakhono lalandzelako:
ƒ Silulumagama nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi.
ƒ Luhlelomisho nekuhleleka kwematheksthi
ƒ Kucikelela kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile.

Nangabe ufundza ngelulwimi, kumele

ubenesichazamagama naleminye
imitfombolwati.
Sigaba C, sibuta imibuto lemibili levulekile (munye kumbuto we-3, namunye kumbuto we-4) lengahambisani nelwati lolusobala
nobe lolusetjentiswako. Lemibuto lemibili ihlola likhono lekuhlatiya, ivivinya likhono lakho lekuveta luhlangotsi/kuveta imibono.
Cikelela lamaphuzu lalandzelako:
ƒ Kulindzeleke kutsi uhlole nobe uhlatiye, uvete umbono.
ƒ Yifundze ngekucophelela lokukhulu lemibuto, cikelela umcondvo locuketfwe, hlatiya nobe uhlole lwati lolucuketfwe
kuletheksthi bese uphendvula ngalokufanele ngendlela lovisisa ngayo ngelwati lwakho lwelulwimi.
ƒ Ungetfuswa ngulemibuto, kepha yisebentise njengelitfuba lekukhombisa lizinga lekuvisisa kwakho umbuto ngaphandle
kwekungabata.
ƒ Phakatsi nemnyaka kumele utilolonge, uhlatiye, ujule ngelwati, ukhombise kuba nelwati nobe uhlole, umsebenti lotsite
bese uveta tincomo nobe umbono wakho.

Veta umehluko emkhatsini welibintana nemusho emibutweni – akufani loku! Uma umbuto ufuna libintana,
ungeke ubhale wonkhe umusho. Ngalokwetayelekile, nangabe umbuto ufuna kutsi ubhale umusho, wubhale
lomusho uwucaphune (njengobe unjalo) etheksthini. Umusho ‘Mine ngifundza libhuku ekamelweni lami ntsam-
bama’; libintana ‘… ekamelweni lami ntsambama’.

3.3.1 Umbuto 3
Umbuto we-3 ucuketse sikhangisi sinye nobe letimbili. Cikelela kutsi uyativisisa tincenye talesikhangisi netheksthi lehambisana
naso. Kumele uphindze wente siciniseko sekutsi unalo likhono lekuchaza ematheksthi lanjalo.
Umbuto 3 unemamaki la-10. Imibuto yehlukaniswe imikhakha lemibili:

2 emamaki esilulumagama nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi NOBE 8 emamaki emibutweni lephatselene nenkhulumo

luhlelomisho nekuhleleka kwematheksthi. legcugcutelako, letsintsa imiva, letsatsa luhlangotsi,
lehhungako.
Lemibuto ingabutwa ilandzele nobe nguluphi luhlelo.
Asesicoce ngalemikhakha ngalokwehlukene: takhi telulwimi nemasu enkhulumo legcugcutelako.

Likhasi 08
 Takhi netimiso tekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi tibutwa Embutweni 3, Umbuto 4,
nembuto 5!

3.3.1.1 Takhi telulwimi

Cikelela kusetjentiswa kwaletakhi letilandzelako tesilulumagama nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi.
ƒ Tinhlangotsi tesilulumagama.
ƒ Kutfutfukiswa kwesilulumagama: umsebenti weticalo tijobelelo, ticu, imvelaphi yemagama, timembili temagama.
ƒ Inshokutsi: bomcondvofana, bomcondvophika, bomabitwafanana, bomfutiselo.
ƒ Emagama landzindzisanako.
ƒ Inshokutsi lesobala nalebhacile.
ƒ Inkhulumosifaniselo: tisho, tiga, taga.
ƒ Kugcizelela.
ƒ Ligama lelimele libintana.
ƒ Tinhlobo tetilwimi: lulwimisigodzi, lulwimi loluhlelekile nalolungakahleleki, irejista, sitayela.

Caphela: Loku akusiko kuphela lokumele ukwati! Lolu luhla nje

loluyincenye yaloko lokumele ukufundze.

a) Silulumagama
Cela thishela wakho kutsi akusite ngesisusa semagama eSiswati: lamanye angewemvelo kantsi lamanye abolekwe kuletinye
tilwimi, kantsi futsi lamanye bekangekho kwasekucaleni, kepha angemagama lamasha (emagama lacanjiwe). Cela thishela
wakho akuchazele ngawo wonkhe. Utawutfola tibonelo letimbalwa ngentasi.

b) Kwakhiwa kwesilulumagama
Indzima ledlalwa ticalo, tijobelelo, imifakela, emabitombici, njll, ekutfutfukiseni silulumagama iyajabulisa. Cela thishela wakho
kutsi akuchazele inshokutsi nekusebenta kwalamagama lavetwe ngenhla. Utawunikwa sibonelo saloku ngentasi.

TICALO

umu- umuntfu; ba- bafana; li- lifu; si- sifo; ti- timoto; inkhomo, ibhola-, lutsi bubi, kufa

Sicalo sisakhi lesifakwa ekucaleni kwemsuka nobe sicu selibito (kuletsa inshokutsi lensha).
Cikelela lamaphuzu lalandzelako:

ƒ Sicalo sigucula inshokutsi yeligama lesiphongotwe kulo. Sibonelo:

ƒ Umu + fana - sikhomba bunye belibito; ba + fana ukhomba bunyenti bentfo.

ƒ Ba + ntfu- sikhomba bunyenti bentfo.
ƒ Bu + bi- sikhomba simo sentfo.
ƒ Ti + bi- sikhomba bunyenti (sibi > tibi).

Likhasi 09
ƒ Leso naleso sakhi lesisebenta njengesicalo singasetjentiswa kugucula sitfo senkhulumo lesitsite sibe ngulolunye luhlobo,
sibonelo:
ƒ umfana (libito); kumfana sandziso; kwemfana (buniyo); njll.

ƒ Takhi letiphongotwa kuletinye titfo tenkhulumo letima njengeticalo, sibonelo:

ƒ Sivumelwano (umuntfu uyadla; lomkhululu; njll.)

Cela thishela wakho akuchazele ngemsebenti nesigaba saleso

naleso sakhi lesisicalo.

TIJOBELELO

-ana ; -ile; -ela; -anyana, -isa, -ela, -kati, -isisa, -iwa, njll.
Tingakhomba kunciphisa, kukhulisa, bulili, kuteketisa, kwenteka, kwentisa, sandziso sendzawo, njll.

ƒ Sijobelelo sisakhi lesijotjelelwa esicwini seligama kuze kwakheke ligama lelisha. Sibonelo:

ƒ Inja + ana = injana

ƒ Sebenta + ela = sebentela
ƒ Umuntfu + ana = umntfwana
ƒ Umkhuba + ana = umkhutjana
ƒ Umkhumbi + ana = umkhunjana
ƒ –ntsaba + eni = -ntsabeni
ƒ –sigubhu + ini = esigujini
ƒ Umlomo + ana = umlonyana

ƒ Sijobelelo siletsa inshokutsi lensha egameni. Sibonelo:

ƒ Salukati + ana = salukatana > kuteketisa

ƒ Umfana + ana = umfanyana > umfana lomncane
ƒ Inkhomo + ati = inkhomati > inkhomo lensikati
ƒ Sebenta + ela = sebentela > kwentela
ƒ Vuka + ela = vusela > kwentela
ƒ Shaya + ana = shayana > kwentana

ƒ Sijobelelo siyasebenta kwakha sitfo senkhulumo lesisha. Sibonelo:

Lidolobha + eni = edolobheni > libito ligucuka libe ngundzaweni

Cela thishela wakho akuchazele ngemsebenti nesigaba saleso

naleso sakhi lesisijobelelo.

Likhasi 10
ƒ Sijobelelo siyasetjentiswa kwakha tinciphiso. Sibonelo:

ƒ Inja + ana = injana

ƒ Inkhomo + ana = inkhonyana
ƒ Sigibhu + ana = sigujana

ƒ Sijobelelo siyasetjentiswa kwakha bulili. Sibonelo:

ƒ Inkhukhu + kati = sikhukhukati

ƒ Inkhomo + ati = inkhomati
ƒ Inkhosi + kati = inkhosikati

ƒ Sijobelelo siyasetjentiswa uma sicatsanisa. Sibonelo:

ƒ –khulu + ana = -khudlwana

ƒ –ncane + nyana = ncanyana
ƒ –fisha + ana = -fishana

UMSUKA
Umsuka usakhi lesingagucuki seligama lesingenaso sicalo, nkhamisa logcinile kanye nesijobelelo, sibonelo:

ƒ umuntfu > (umsuka -ntf-)

ƒ umfanyana (umsuka –fan-)

SICU
Sicu sisakhi lesihlanganise umsuka nesijobelelo kepha sibe singenaso sicalo. Kulamagama lalandzelako ticu tibhalwe tacindzetelwa:

ƒ Lidamu (sicu -damu)

ƒ Umtfunti (sicu -tfunti)
ƒ Inkhulumo (sicu -khuluma)
ƒ Umdlalo (sicu -dlala)

SAKHIWO SEMAGAMA LAMASHA

Emagama lamasha angakhiwa ngekususela kuletinye tilwimi, titfo tenkhulumo, njll sibonelo:

ƒ litafula > table (Singisi)

ƒ imoto > motor (Singisi)
ƒ libhontjisi > boontjies (Sibhunu)
ƒ umsebenti (umu + sebenta)
ƒ inkhotsamave (khotsa + emave)
Lamanye emagama angakhiwa ngekujobelela takhi letitsite, sibonelo: kusetjentiswa kwetelulo tesento (timphambosi), njll.

Likhasi 11
 EMABITOMBICI
Emabitombici angemabito lamabili nobe ngetulu lahlanganiswe abumba libito linye. Sibonelo:

ƒ injula + buchopho = injulabuchopho

ƒ insula + inyembeti = insulanyembeti
ƒ indvuna + khulu = ndvunankhulu
ƒ shona + lilanga = nshonalanga
ƒ beka + indzaba = sibekandzaba

TAKHI LETIMA EMBI KWEMAGAMA (DETERMINERS)

Lolu luhlobo lwetakhi letima embi kwemabito bese tiwanika inshokutsi lensha. Sibonelo:

ƒ Sakhi sesibanjalo (ngu- ngumuntfu, yi- yinja, njll)

ƒ Sicalo (umu- umuntfu, si- sitja, bu- butsi, njll)
ƒ Sivumelwano umuntfu u-, lituba liyandiza, bafana bayadlala, njll)
ƒ Sakhi sesandziso sendzawo (e- ekhaya, ku- kubabe, ngase- ngasendlini, njll
ƒ Sivumelwano sebuniyo (wa- wababe, sa- sadzadze, le- lemfula, kwa- kwamake, njll)
ƒ Sivumelwano sesabito sekukhomba (lo- lomfana, leso- lesositja, le-lenja, njll)
ƒ Sivumelwano sesiphawulo (lom- lomkhulu, loku- lokuncane, lobu- lobudze, njll)
ƒ Sivumelwano sesibaluli (lo- lokhuluphele, le- lesiluhlata, loku- lokumnandzi, njll)

E
M
Inchazelo: Emshweni lotsi
“Uyakhona kukhuluma Siswati”, A
‘uyakhona’ ligama lelingenako
kutimela futsi lelingenayo
inshokutsi lephelele. Kulomusho
G
A
lotsi “Usendlini” ligama lelitsi ‘use’
alinayo inshokutsi lephelele kantsi
futsi alikhoni kutimela lilodvwa.

M
Sakhi ‘-ini’ sisakhi lesisijobelelo
lesikhomba indzawo kepha naso
singakhoni kusebenta sodvwa
kuletsa inshokutsi.

A
Likhasi 12
c) Inshokutsi

BOMCONDVOFANA
Emagama lacuketse umcondvo lofanako, sibonelo:

ƒ emanti/emangeleti/emamphokoya
ƒ luvalo/ingebhe
ƒ bibita/khala
ƒ phemba/basa
ƒ sungula/cala

BOMCONDVOPHIKA
Emagama lasiniketa imicondvo lephikisanako, sibonelo:

ƒ bopha/tfukulula
ƒ luphuya/injinga
ƒ phana/ncishana
ƒ nyamalala/chamuka

BOMABITWAFANANA
Emagama labhalwa futsi aphinyiswe ngalokufanako kepha abe asho tintfo letehlukene, sibonelo:

ƒ Sibindzi - ngumuntfu lobindzile/kungesabi

ƒ Inkhomo - silwane lesifuywako/umuntfu longakwati kudlala ibhola

EMAGAMA LACISHE AFANE

Lawa ngemagama lacishe abiteke ngalokufanako kodvwa abe asho tintfo letehlukene, sibonelo:

ƒ Umkhaya - kulapho kunetangoma letibhulako.

ƒ Likhaya - tindlu letinyenti letenta umuti.

EMABITOMFUTISELO
Emabito lanemicondvo lehambelanako. Sibonelo

Emafutsa:
ƒ i-oyili, phalafini
ƒ ivaselina
ƒ i-fishi-oyili
ƒ phethiloli

Likhasi 13
d) Emagama landzindzisanako
Lawa ngemagama lapelwa ngalokufanako, abiteke ngalokufanako aphindze acishe abe nenshokutsi letsi ayifane. Sibonelo:
ƒ Kuminta:
ƒ Kucwila emantini nobe kufa ubulawa ngemanti.
ƒ Kudla kudla lokunyenti ngalokwecile.

ƒ Likhambi:
ƒ Nguloko lokusalako uma kukhanywa umutsi nobe nakudliwa imfe.
ƒ Ngumutsi wekwelapha lowembiwa esigangeni.

ƒ Insila:
ƒ Inceku lenkhulu yenkhosi.
ƒ Kungcola kwemtimba nobe sembatfo.

e) Bomcondvosobala nabomcondvojula
ƒ kubanjelwa ngulabaphasi.
ƒ kufulatselwa sambane.

f) Lulwimisifaniselo
Lulwimisifaniselo luluwimi lolusetjentiswa uma sikhuluma nobe sibhala kepha lube lujulile (lungasisobala). Lululwimi lwetinongo
nebugagu bekukhuluma: Sibonelo:

tisho, tiga tenkhulumo, taga, tinongo tenkhulumo (sifaniso, sifanisongco, kumuntfutisa, i-okzimoroni, imethonimi,
sifutamsindvo, sihabiso, sicatsaniso, siphukuto, sigceko, lupholavutfondzaba, selutfo, luphawu, inhlonipho,
ilithothisi indida, lihlaya, isinekdokhi, i-anthithisisi).

g) Kugcizelela
Cikelela kutsi nangabe ungagcizeleli ngalokufanele endzaweni letsite emshweni, loku kungagucula inshokutsi, sibonelo:

ƒ ‘Yena umfana ukhona’

ƒ Akufani nekutsi ‘umfana yena ukhona’.

(h) Ligama lelilodvwa lelimela lamanyenti/umusho/libintana

Sebentisa ligama linye endzaweni yelibintana, sibonelo:

ƒ Incwadzi yekwaba lifa nangabe umuntfu sekafile = incwadzimafa

ƒ Indzawo lapho kuhlatjelwa khona tinkhomo = emadzelo
ƒ Indzawo lapho kutsengiswa khona tjwala = libhala
ƒ Umuntfu longahambi = sishosha

Likhasi 14
i) Lulwimi nemmango
Bantfu abasikhulumi ngalokufanako Siswati ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. Tigodzi letinyenti tinendlela yato lehlukile yekukhuluma
lulwimi lweSiswati. Loluhlobo lwelulwimi lolukhulunywa etigodzini letehlukene futsi ngalokungefani, lubitwa ngekutsi,
lulwimisigodzi. Inhloso lenkhulu yekusetjentiswa kwelulwimisigodzi ngukutsi bantfu batsandza kutsi bevane uma bachumana
ngekusebentisa lulwimi.
Sibonelo lesihle saloku kusebentisa inkhulumo lehlelekile (standardised) nobe lengakahleleki (non-standardised). Loku futsi
kubonakala ngekusebentisa IREJISTA NESITAYELA lesehlukile etindzaweni letehlukene, sibonelo: bodokotela basebentisa
irejista nesitayela lesitsite uma bakhuluma ngetindzaba tekwelapha. Bameli bona banelwabo lulwimi (SITAYELA NEREJISTA)
labalusebentisa etindzabeni tetemtsetfo.
Sebentisa emagama labomahambisana enkhulumeni, sib. ematse nelulwimi, umjingi namkhotsane, ingwe nengwenyama.

j) Tifinyeto
Siswati sinaletifinyeto letilandzelako:

ƒ Mnumzane : Mnu.
ƒ Nkhosikati : Nkt.
ƒ Nkhosatana : Nks.
ƒ Dokotela : Dkt.
ƒ Njalo Njalo : Njll.
ƒ Sibonelo : Sib.
ƒ Mpumalanga : MP

ƒ Awukaphoceleleki kufaka timphawu tekufundza etifinyetweni teticu tetemfundvo nobe leto letibhalwa ngetinhlavu
letibofeleba kuphela.

ƒ B.A. nobe BA (Bachelor of Arts)

ƒ B.Mus. (Ed.) nobe BMus (Ed) (Bachelor in Music Education)
ƒ H.E.D. nobe HED (Higher Education Diploma)

ƒ Timphawu tekubhala nekufundza atifakwa etifinyetweni letifundzeka njengeligama leliphelele. Sibonelo:

ƒ Unisa nobe UNISA (University of South Africa)

ƒ Wits nobe WITS (University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)

ƒ Atifakwa timphawu emagameni latifinyeto tetilinganiso, sibonelo:

ƒ cm (centimetre, m (metre), km (kilometre)

ƒ ml (millilitre), l (litre)
ƒ g (gramme), kg (kilogramme)
ƒ V (Volt), W (Watt)

Ematheksthi nemibuto lefakwe kulomhlahlandlela KUTIBONELO nje

kuphela taloko lokungalindzelwa eluhlolweni lwekugcina lwemnyaka.

Likhasi 15
k) Kuhleleka kahle kwemagama emshweni/luhlelomisho
Luhlelomisho luyindlela yekuhleleka kwemagama elibintana nobe umusho. ESiswatini, lokuhleleka kuyagucugucuka – inhloko
+ sento + umentiwa. Cikelela loku lokulandzelako:
ƒ Lwati lwetitfo tenkhulumo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni kulandzelana kwemagama emshweni.
ƒ Nangabe sifundza ngetitfo tenkhulumo, sibuka kwehlukaniswa kwato ngalokwehlukene. Nati titfo tenkhulumo:

libito sento sabito sibanjalo

tichasiso sandziso sihlanganiso njll

ƒ Lwati lwetinhlelo temagama luyasita ekuvisiseni kahle tigatjana temusho, (inhloko yemusho, silandziso, imishwana
lekhontile, njll) lokutakhi temisho.

Cela thishela wakho kutsi

akuchazele ngemsebenti
lowentiwa ngulelo nalelo gama
emshweni.

ƒ Luhlelo lolwetayelekile lwemusho lutsatsa lesimo: inhloko + sento + mentiwa, sibonelo: Umushonchanti ubanesento
nesilandziso:

ƒ Ngiyadla.
Ngi- yinhloko yemusho leyakhiwe ngesabito selucobo.
-dla silandziso lesakhiwe ngesento -dla.

ƒ Siyadla.
Si (tsine) yinhloko yemusho leyakhiwe ngesabito selucoco.
siyadla silandziso lesakhiwe ngesento -dla.

ƒ Umntfwana utawufundza.
umntfwana yinhloko yemusho leyakhiwe ngelibitomvama umntfwana.
Silandziso sakhiwe ngesakhi sesikhatsi lesitako nesento.

ƒ Umusho longetulu ungelulwa ngamentiwa: nhloko + sento + mentiwa, sibonelo:

ƒ Ngidla kudla.
Kudla ngumentiwa - libitomvama

ƒ Sidle titselo.
Titselo ngumentiwa – libitomvama

ƒ Umntfwana utawufundza libhuku.

Libhuku ngumentiwa - libitintfo

Likhasi 16
ƒ Sakhiwo lesetayelekile semusho singelulwa ngetindlela letehlukene, sibonelo:
ƒ Ngidla kudla lokunemsoco.
lokunemsoco sibaluli lesichaza mentiwa ‘kudla’

ƒ “Bantfu labanebuso lobukhombisa indlala badla titselo letimnadzi”.

“labanebuso lobukhombisa indlala” libintana lelichaza inhloko ‘bantfu’ kantsi ‘letimnandzi’ sibaluli lesichaza
mentiwa ‘titselo’.

ƒ Sisheshe sadla titselo letimnadzi kakhulu.

‘letimnandzi’ – sibaluli lesichaza mentiwa;
‘kakhulu’ – sandziso sesimo lesisitjela kabanti ngesento (‘sadla’).

ƒ Bantfwana labahluphekako besikolo batawunantsa lonkhe lubisi ngekuphatima kweliso.

‘labahluphekako’ – sibaluli lesichaza inhloko yemusho (bantfwana);
besikolo’ – buniyo lobusitjela kabanti ngenhloko yemusho (bantfwana).
‘ngekuphatima kweliso’ – sasindziso sesimo lesisitjela kabanti ngamentiwa (lubisi).

ƒ Cikelela kugucugucuka kwekuhleleka kwemagama emshweni, sibonelo:

ƒ Ngitawutsenga imoto lensha kusasa.
(Kuhleleka kwemusho lokwetayelekile)

ƒ Ngitawutsenga imoto lensha kusasa.

(Kugcizelelwa ‘kusasa’).

ƒ Imoto lensha itawutsengwa kusasa.

(Kugcizelelwa ‘imoto lensha’)

ƒ Lensha imoto itawutsengwa ngimi kusasa.

(Kugcizelelwa ‘imoto lensha’ - inkhulumokwentiwa)

ƒ Ngutawutsenga imoto lensha kusasa, lenshasha.

(Kugcizelelwa ‘lensha’)

l) Emagama latihlanganisi (tihlanganiso)

Emagama latihlanganisi (tihlanganiso) ahlanganisa imisho lemibili nobe ngetulu. Angacatsanisa, afanise, anike imibandzela,
imibono, inhloso, asite kuhlanganisa imicondvo leyehlukene. Cikelela loku lokulandzelako:
ƒ Kwekucala, kumele wati kutsi uyini umusho locondzile. Umusho locondzile unesilandziso (sento) sinye kuphela, lesichaza
loko lokwentiwa ngumenti (inhloko) kumemtiwa, Sibonelo:

ƒ Ngiyadla.
-dla usilandziso –sento

ƒ Ngidlile.
-dlile usilandziso

ƒ Bengiloku ngidla.
Bengiloku ngidla: silandziso – insitasento (be) + silandziso (-dla)

ƒ Ngidle emasneksi.
-dle emasneksi: silandziso – sento (-dle) + umentiwa (emasneksi)

Likhasi 17
 ƒ Kumele ngifundze libhuku.
ngifundze libhuku – silandziso - insitasento (kumele) + sento (fundza) + umentiwa (libhuku)

ƒ Bekumele ngitibhale letotincwadzi.

tibhale tincwadzi: silandziso – insitasento (be) + sento (bhala) + umentiwa (letotincwadzi)

ƒ Umusho lombici ungumusho lowakhiwe ngemisho lemibili nobe ngetulu lenetilandziso letimbili nobe ngetulu. Lena kuba
yimisho lecondzile lemibili lehlanganiswe ngesihlanganiso lesitsite.
ƒ Lenye indlela yekuhlanganisa imisho lemibili nobe ngetulu, kuba kusebentisa tihlanganiso (futsi, ngobe, nobe, sengatsi,
kungatsi, kantsi, kepha, kodvwa, njll). Sibonelo:

Lemisho lemibili ingahlanganiswa ngetihlanganiso letehlukene: Jona uyadla. + Suzeni uyanatsa.

ƒ Jona uyadla kantsi Suzeni uyanatsa.
ƒ Jona uyadla kepha Suzeni uyanatsa.
ƒ Jona uyadla ngobe Suzeni uyanatsa.
Kulemisho uyadla usento semusho wekucala kantsi uyanatsa usento semusho wesibili. Incenye yesibili (ngemuva
kwesihlanganiso) kulomushombici inesakhiwo lesifanako nalena yekucala (inhloko + silandziso). Incenye yekucala
yelemishombici (Jona uyadla) ingumusho loyinhloko kantsi incenye yesibili yalomushombici yona ibitwa ngekutsi
ngumshwana lokhontile.

ƒ Umusho lombici ungakhiwa ngekusebentisa tihlanganiso letifana naleti: (kute, cedze, ngahle, kadze, mhla, seloku, kutsi,
nobe, uma, lapho, nekuba, njll.), sibonelo,

ƒ Uma sewucedze kupholisha ticatfuluo, cikelela kutsi uyatisula.

ƒ Ukhiye ligalaji nase aphumile kulo.

ƒ Lenye indlela yekwakha umusho lombici kugucula umusho wesibili uwente umshwana lokhontile, sibonelo,

Bantfu bonkhe banjingile. (umusho loyinhloko) + Bantfu bacula ekhwayeni.

= Bantfu bonkhe labacula ekhwayeni banjingile.
Bantfu bonkhe banjingile – ngumusho loyinhloko kantsi labacula ekhwayeni – ngumshwana lokhontile.

Yini umehluko emkhatsini weligama

lelima embi kwelibito (determiner)
nemshwana lokhontile?
Ligama lelima embi kwelibito alinaso
silandziso kantsi umshwana lokhontile
unesilandziso sesibili semusho lombici.

Likhasi 18
ƒ Imishwana lekhontile letichasiso iniketa imininingwane ngenhloko yemusho, sibonelo,

Bantfu bonkhe labacula ekhwayeni banjingile.

Labacula ekhwayeni bachaza inhloko ‘Bantfu’ – ngumshwana lokhontile losichasiso.

ƒ Imishwana lekhontile letandziso inika imininingwane lecacisa ngesento, sibonelo:

Bantfwana bayabhukusha (umusho loyihloko) + Lilanga liyashona

= Bantfwana babhukusha uma lilanga lishona.
Lencenye yesibili “Uma lilanga lishona” ichaza sento “bhukusha”, kungako-ke kutsiwe ngumshwana lokhontile
losandziso sesikhatsi (lesibhalwe sacindzetelwa) lesihlanganisa imicondvo/imininingwane.

ƒ Nati letinye tibonelo temagama/takhi lahlanganisa imiicondvo/ imininingwane:

ƒ Ngaphandle kweluvelo lenginalo ngemsolelwa, ngiyabutondza bugebengu.

ƒ Ngakulolunye luhlangotsi tigulane tiyelulama, ngakulolunye luhlangotsi tisagula kakhulu.
ƒ Kwekucala, kumele wati kutsi umsebenti wasekhaya wandzisa lwati, kwesibili uyasita kukulungiselela luhlolo.
ƒ Ngaphandle kwekusita timphuya, emasontfo ashumayela kuthula.
ƒ Tikhona noko tizatfu ngemsebenti lomuhle lowentiwe kulendzwo.
ƒ Sitolo sitsengisa emabhuku nemaphephandzaba.
ƒ Eveni lelingenamtsetfo naseveni lelingenamandla kanjalo, umuntfu akakaphephi futsi akakakhululeki.
ƒ Ngalokufanako, umbuto lobutwe ngumfundzi ukhombisa kweswela lwati ngalesifundvo.
ƒ Kusukela ngikushito loku kwasekucaleni, kepha tintfo atisalawuleki mbamba.
ƒ Nanobe amenyiwe, akakefiki.
ƒ Singalindzela simo selitulu lesibi kuleliviki, njenge sangcotfo nekudvuma kwelitulu.

m) Tento
Tento tidlala indzima lemcoka emishweni. Sento singakhomba loko lokwentekako (sibonelo, khahlela), simo (gula) nekugucuka
kwaso (sewuyagula).

ƒ Umisebenti lobalulekile wesento, kukhomba tikhatsi: lesengcile, sanyalo nalesitako, sibonelo:

Sikhatsi sanyalo Sikhatsi lesengcile Sikhatsi lesitako

Ngiyadla. Ngidlile. Ngitawudla.
Kumele alale. Bantfwana bekumele balale. Bantfwana kutawudzingeka
kutsi balale.

Bafuna kulala. Bebafuna kulala. Batawufuna kulala.

Bantfu bangabhala. Bebangabhala. Bantfu batawubhala.

Ematheksthi nemibuto lefakwe kulomhlahlandlela KUTIBONELO nje

kuphela taloko lokungalindzelwa eluhlolweni lwekugcina lwemnyaka.

Likhasi 19
ƒ Siswati sinetikhatsi letehlukene tesento (sanyalo, lesengcile, lesisandzakwengca, lesengca, lesitawufika, lesiyawufika)
Sento siyasebenta ngetindlela letehlukene:

INDLELA LEYAMILE
Indlela leyamile ingumusho lonemcodvo longakapheleli (libintana). Sento lesisendleleni leyamile asikhoni kutimela sisodvwa.
Sibonelo:

ƒ Uma ahamba manje utawufika ngesikhatsi.

ƒ Balibele kusihlupha nje labafana.
ƒ Bekasebenta esitolo, angena sikolo ebusuku, afundza kubala nekubhala.
ƒ Uvuka ekuseni adle, ageze bese uyahamba.
ƒ Mtjele kutsi afike.

SIBANJALO
Sibanjalo ligama lelihlanganisa inhloko yemusho nesilandziso lokungiso lesisitjela kabanti ngayo inhloko yemusho. Sibanjalo
singasebenta kukhomba sikhatsi sesento. Sibonelo:

Sikhatsi sanyalo Sikhatsi lesengcile Sikhatsi lesitako

Umntfwana ulunywa yinja.
Loyo wetfweswa licala.
Wetfu lomsebenti.
Ngumfati loshaya indvodza.
Ngunangu loweba imali.
Balapha labanrfwana.
Umntfwana ulunywe yinja.
Loyo wetfweswe licala.
Bewuwetfu lomsebenti.
Ngumfati loshaye indvodza.
Ngunangu lowebe imali.
Bebalapha labanrfwana.
Umntfwana utawulunywa yinja.
Loyo utawutfweswa licala.
Utawuba wetfu lomsebenti.
Ngumfati lotawushaya indvodza.
Ngunangu lotaweba imali.
Batawubalapha labanrfwana.

SIMOKWENTA
Simokwenta siveta budlelwane lobukhona emkhatsini wesento/silandziso nenhloko/umentiwa emshweni. Cikelela loku lokulandzelako:
ƒ Umusho lowetayelekile: Umusho ubanenhloko leyenta umsebenti lotsite esentweni.
ƒ Umusho loveta simo sekwentiwa: Inhloko yemusho iniketwa umsebent lowentiwa sento.
ƒ Lemisho lelandzelako isho lokufanako kepha kuvetwe ngetindlela letehlukene telulwimi:

ƒ Bantfwana besikolo bapenda lubondza lweliklasi.

Lomusho ulandzela luhlelo lolwetayelekile lwesakhiwo semusho, inhloko (Lubondza lweliklasi) + silandziso
(sento) (bapenda) + mentiwa (lubondza lweliklasi).

ƒ Lubondza lweliklasi lupendwa bantfwana besikolo.

Lomusho ulandzela luhlelo lolungaketayeleki lwesakhiwo semusho, mentiwa (Lubondza lweliklasi) + silandziso
(sento) (lupendwa) + inhloko (bantfwana besikolo).

ƒ Tikhatsi tesento takhiwa ngalokwehlukile. Sibonelo:

Simokwenta Imphambosi yekwentiwa

Sikhatsi sanyalo Bantfwana besikolo bapenda lubondza lweliklasi. Lubondza lweliklasi lupendwa bantfwana besikolo.
Sikhatsi lesengcile Bantfwana besikolo bapende lubondza lweliklasi. Lubondza lweliklasi lupendwe bantfwana besikolo.
Bantfwana besikolo batawupenda lubondza Lubondza lweliklasi lutawupendwa bantfwana
Sikhatsi lesitako
lweliklasi. besikolo.

Likhasi 20
ƒ Ungashiya emagama latsite enkhulumenikwenta yemphambosi yekwentiwa ngetizatfu letitsite, sibonelo:

ƒ Titselo tintjontjwe bangani bami.

Ngenca yesizatfu lesitsite lomusho awusho lutfo ngebangani bami (kubavikela).

ƒ Tetsembiso temanga tiyentiwa bosopolitiki.

Ngenca yesizatfu lesitsite lomusho awusho lutfo ngabosopolitiki (kuvikela somlomo, njll).

ƒ Utawujeziswa kabuhlungu ngimi.

Ngenca yesizatfu lesitsite lomusho awusho lutfo ngami (kuvikela loyo lotawenta lesijeziso).

ƒ Ungayelula imisho esimenikwenta, sibonelo,

ƒ Inkhulumokwenta: Tilwane letinkhulu kakhulu tihlasela leti letingakhoni kutivikela kabuhlungu.

ƒ Inkhulumokwenta yemphambosi yekwentiwa: Tilwane leti letingakhoni kutivikela tihlaselwa kabuhlungu tilwane
letinkhulu kakhulu.

n) Inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko
Totimbili, inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko tiyindlela yekubika loko lokushiwo ngulomunye umuntfu, kepha atisebenti
ngalokufanako. Cikelela loku lokulandzelako:
ƒ Enkhulumeningco, emavi alokhulumako acashunwa njengobe anjalo, kantsi futsi kuvetwa naye lona lokhulumako.
ƒ Enkhulumenimbiko, inkhulumo yalokhulumako ivela ingumbiko, ibikwa ngulomunye umuntfu (umuntfu wesitsatfu).
ƒ Buka lelithebula lelingentasi:

Inkhulumongco Inkhulumombiko
Lijaji litsi, “Bantfu bayawati umtsetfo.”
ª Beka bokhulunyiwe ekugcineni kwenkhulumo, ngci wendvulela
bokhulunyiwe.
Lijaji litsi bantfu bayawati umtsetfo.
NOBE
“Bantfu bayawati umtsetfo,” kusho lijaji.
ª Beka bokhulunyiwe labavalako ekugcineni balandzela khefana
Itolo lijaji litsite: “Bantfu bayawati umtsetfo.” Itolo lijaji litsite bantfu bayawati umtsetfo.
NOBE ª “itolo” akagucuki ngobe akasiyo incenye
“Bantfu bayawati umtsetfo.” Kusho lijaji itolo. yenkhulumongco yelijaji.

Sopolitiki utsi: “Bantfu bavote ngebunyenti itolo.” Sopolitiki utsi bantfu bavote ngebunyenti itolo.
NOBE ª Uma ngabe inkhulumongco isesikhatsini
“Bantfu bavote ngebunyenti itolo,” kusho sopolitiki. sanyalo, “itolo” akagucuki.

Sopolitiki watsi bantfu bavote ngebunyenti

ngelusuku lolwengcile.
Sopolitiki utsite: “bantfu bavote ngebunyenti itolo.”
ª Uma “itolo” ayincenye yenkhulumongco kantsi
NOBE inkhulumo isesikhatsini lesengcile, uyagucuka
abe ‘lusuku lolwengcile’.
“Bantfu bavote ngebunyenti itolo,” kwasho sopolitiki.
Loku kubanjalo nangabe futsi sisebentisa inyanga
nobe umnyaka).

Likhasi 21
 Inkhulumongco
Bodokotela bayabuta: “Ngabe lesiguli siva buhlungu kakhulu yini?”
ª Beka bokhulunyiwe ekugcineni, mabuta ufakwa embi
kwabokhulunyiwe.
NOBE
“Ngabe lesiguli siva buhlungu kakhulu yini?” Kubuta bodokotela.
ª Beka bokhulunyiwe ekugcineni, mabuta ufakwa embi
kwabokhulunyiwe.
Dokotela ubutile emnyakeni lowegcile: “Tinganani tinhlungu
letiphetse siguli?”
NOBE
“Tinganani tinhlungu letiphetse siguli?” Kubute dokotela
emnyakeni lowengcile.
Umbono wembhali: “Inoveli yami yakamuva ‘itfole kwesekelwa’
lokukhulu kulomnyaka lowengcile.”
ª Caphela: sicashunwa lesingekhatsi kwesicashunwa.
NOBE
“Inoveli yami yakamuva ‘itfole kwesekelwa’ lokukhulu
kulomnyaka lowengcile.” Ngumbono wembhali.
Umbhali uyabika: “Ngitawushicilela libhuku lelisha evikini lelitako.”
NOBE
“Ngitawushicilela libhuku lelisha evikini lelitako.” Kubika umbhali. ª ‘Ngi’ uyagucuka abe ngu ‘u’
“Lenkinga,” kumemeta make, “ingasonjululwa kanconywana!”
ª Caphela kusetjentiswa kwetimphawu.
Umceceshi utawuyala kusasa: “Kute kulabasubatsi bami
losebentisa tidzakamiva.”
Babe lotfukutsele utsi: “Nonkhe ninelicala ngalokuganga kwenu.”
NOBE
“Nonkhe ninelicala ngalokuganga kwenu.” Kusho babe
lotfukutsele.
Gogo watsi: “Nibohlonipha batali benu.”
NOBE
“Nibohlonipha batali benu.” Kwasho gogo.
Inkhosikati ifuna kwati kulendvodza: “Usitfole kuphi lesambulela sami?” Inkhosikati ifuna kwati endvodzeni kutsi isitfole
NOBE
“Usitfole kuphi lesambulela sami?” Inkhosikati ifuna kwati
kulendvodza.
Likhasi 22
Inkhulumombiko
Bodokotela bayabuta kutsi ngabe lesiguli siva
buhlungu kakhulu yini.
ª Alukho luphawu lolungumabuta ekugcineni
kwenkhulumo kepha kufakwa ngci.
Emnyakeni lowengcile dokotela ubutile kutsi
tinganani tinhlungu letiphetse siguli.
ª “Emnyakeni lowengcile” akagucuki
usesekhona ngobe ayincenye yenkhulumongco
yadokotela.
Umbhali ubona kutsi inoveli yakhe yakamuva
‘itfole kwesekelwa’ lokukhulu emnyakeni
lowengcile.
ª Caphela kusetjentiswa kwabokhulunyiwe
enkhulumenimbiko: “Kwesekelwa lokukhulu.”
Umbhali ubika kutsi utawushicilela libhuku lelisha
evikini lelitako.
Make uyamemeta kutsi leyonkinga ingasonjululwa
kanconywana.
ª Caphela: sabito sekukhomba le- siyagucuka
sibe sabito sekhukhomba bucalu ‘leyo’
Umnceceshi utawuyala kusasa kutsi kute
kulabasubatsi bakhe losebentisa tidzakamiva.
ª Caphela: ‘bami’ ugucuka abe ‘bakhe’
Babe lotfukutsele utsi bonkhe bantfwana
banelicala ngalokuganga kwabo.
Gogo watsi babohlonipha batali babo.
ª Nangabe akhuluma nemuntfu wesitsatfu.
NOBE
Gogo watsi sibohlonipha batali betfu.
ª Nangabe akhuluma nemuntfu wekucala.
kuphi lesambulela sayo.
ª Umuntfu wekucala (sami) newesibili (sakho)
uyagucuka abe ngumuntfu wesitsatfu (sakhe).
 ,
!
o) Timphawu tekufundza nekubhala
Inhloso yekusebentisa timphawu tekufundza nekubhala kwenta kutsi umbhalo ufundzeke, uvakale kahle, njll.
ƒ Umsebenti wetimphawu tekufundza nekubhala (ngci, khefana, ideshi/umudvwa, khefanangci,
i-asteriki/inkhanyetana, umekhuti/babatile, i-ellipsis (…), njll.) ungete wachazwa
wonkhe kulomhlahlandlela.

“
ƒ Cela thishela wakho akusite ngaloku eklasini.
ƒ Caphela: lolo nalolo luphawu lwekufundza nekubhala lwenta umsebenti
lomkhulu ekufundzeni ngekuvisisa ematheksthi labhaliwe.

Cikelela kutsi uyativisisa letimphawu tekufundza

nekubhala, kakhulukati: kumele uhlale utilolonga
njalo NGEKUSETJENTISWA kwato malanga onkhe
udzimate utivisise kahle kakhulu. Udzinga lwati
nemakhono ekusebentisa letimphawu kuyo
YONKHE imisebenti loyibhalako.

Lokunye lokumele ukucikelele lapha, kusebentisa bakaki babe bahambisana ne-deshi nakhefana. Cikelela loku lokulandzelako:
ƒ Bakaki yindlela yekufaka ligama nobe libintana emshweni lobewungaphelela nanobe lingekho lelogama nobe libintana
lelikubakaki. Sibonelo:
ƒ Lidolobha – lengikhohlwe libito lalo – lingaseNshonalanga yesifundza seMphumalanga.
ƒ Lidolobha - (lengikhohlwe libito lalo) lingaseNshonalanga yesifundza seMphumalanga.
ƒ Lidolobha, lengikhohlwe libito lalo, lingaseNshonalanga yesifundza seMphumalanga.
ƒ Lomusho lotsi, -lidolobha lingaseNshonalanga yesifundza seMphumalanga uphelele kantsi futsi utimele.
ƒ lengikhohlwe libito lalo ufakiwe ngenhloso yekwengetelela ngemininingwane lecacisako.

ƒ Buka naleti tibonelo:

ƒ Labo bantfu - emaRushiya – bakha emabhayisikili.
ƒ Labo bantfu (emaRushiya) bakha emabhayisikili.
ƒ Labo bantfu, emaRushiya, bakha emabhayisikili.
Lendlela yekusebentisa bakaki, ideshi kanye nakhefana ayenteki ekugcineni kwemusho.

p) Budlelwano emkhatsini wemagama, imisho netindzima

Budlelwano emkhatsini wemagama, imisho netindzima benta kutsi umlayeto wedluliswe kahle. Cikelela loku:
ƒ Kubalulekile kutsi kucikelewe kukhetfwa nekusetjentiswa kahle kwemagama lasetjentiswa ehlotjeni lolutsite lwemlayeto.
ƒ Kuba njalo futsi nasekusetjentisweni kwemisho. Nangabe wenta lihlaya nemngani wakho, utawusebentisa emagama nemabintana
lehlukile kulawo longawasebentisa uma ubhala umlandvomufi. Kungako luhlelomisho loluchazwe ngetulu lubaluleke kangaka.
ƒ Imisho lebumbene, letselelana emanti yakha inkhulumo lenemsoco, lecacile. Kusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene temisho, (umusho
locondzile, lombici, lomagalagala) kutinkhomba tekutsi inkhulumo levakalako ingedluliswa kanjani ngekusebentisa lulwimi.
ƒ Kuba njalo futsi nalapho sisebentisa tindzima. Ngalesinye sikhatsi ipharagrafu ingakhiwa ngeligama linye kuphela nobe umusho
munye, kepha ngalokwetayelekile, ipharagrafu (indzima) ngumcondvo longumgogodla (main idea) lophindze ube naleminye
imicondvo leyesekelako. Ngekwemtsetfo, ipharagrafu (indzima) kumele imumatse umcondvo munye kuphela, kungengci lapha.

Likhasi 23
ƒ Tindzima kumele tihlobane, titselelane emanti ngendlela lebumbene (ngaphandle kwalapho kubakhona sidzingo
sekufaka umugca lotsite lotsikameta lokubumbana ngobe usuke ufuna kugcizelela liphuzu lelitsite).
ƒ Sinetinhlobo letehlukene tetindzima. Lamanye emapharagrafu ayachaza nobe ayahlatiya ngenhloso yekwedlulisa
imininingwane letsite; lamanye ayalandzisa, lamanye ayacabangisa kantsi lamanye ahlangotsilunye/nhlangotsimbili ngobe
afuna kwesekela imicondvo letsite. Uma ufundza ipharagrafu (indzima) kumele wati kutsi luhlobo luni lwelwati lendzima
lehlose kuledlulisa.
ƒ Inhloso yekusebentisa emagama, imisho netindzima kuba kwedlulisa umlayeto ngalokuvakalako.

3.3.1.2 Kucikelela kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile

Kucikelela kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile kufaka ekhatsi inkhulumo letsintsa imiva, inkhulumo legcugcutelako,
inkhulumo letsatsa luhlangotsi kanye nekhulumo lehhungako.

Yenta siciniseko sekutsi uyawati umehluko lokhona emkhatsini wenkhulumo

legcugcutelako, lehhungako, letsatsa luhlangotsi nenkhulumo letsintsa
imiva. Ngalesinye sikhatsi timphawu taletinkhulumo tiyefana ngendlela
yekutsi kuba lukhuni kutehlukanisa. Kungako kubalulekile kutsi utivisise
kahle letinkhulumo netimphawu tato.

Loku lokulandzelako kutakusita kakhulu kutsi uvisise letinhlobo letehlukene tenkhulumo. Bukisisa lesikhangisi:

YAKHO LE! Kusukela ku-R150* kuphela ngenyanga!

Tsatsa
umshwalense wemoto
yesitsandvwa sakho
ngelinani LELEHLISIWE
(uma ufaka sicelo
ngembi kwekuphela
kwalenyanga).

Enta emalungiselelo LAMUHLA ne

Reserve Bank e-debit order.
AYIKHO LENYE INKAMPANI YEMSHWALENSE WEMOTO
LENIKETA EMANANI LAYIMVELAKANCANE LAFANA NALAWA!
Shayela lenombolo 0739919676 NYALO LOKU
utitfolele ikotheshini yamahhala hha!
I-STAR
Umshwalense
* Timoto letincane letingephasi kwa - R50,000 wakho wemoto

Likhasi 24
1. Ngabe lesikhangisi sikugcugcutela njani kutsi utfole lomshwalense waka-STAR?
Imphendvulo: Ligama lekucala (Yakho lena!) libhalwe ngabofeleba kanye namababata, kuhlangene nesitfombe lesihle
semoto lebitako.
Kukhulunywa ngemanani laphasi ngenyanga.

Cikelela kutsi uyati kutsi kushoni kugcugcutela – lomunye

umuntfu ukukhutsata kutsi wente nobe ungenti lokutsite.

2. Lesikhangisi sisebentisa yiphi inkhulumo kudvonsa umfundzi?

Imphendvulo: Ngekumetsembisa kumehlisela tindleko ngesikhatsi lesitsite.

Cikelela kutsi uyayivisisa inkhulumo letsintsa imiva – lulwimi

loluhambisana nemiva.

3. Ngabe lesikhangisi simhhunga ngayiphi indlela umfundzi waso kutsi atsatse umshwalense ngekushesha?
Imphendvulo: Ngekumetsembisa kumehlisela tindleko ngesikhatsi lesitsite.

Cikelela kutsi uyavisisa kutsi inkhulumo lehhungako nguleyo leheha

umuntfu ngekutsi umcondze umuntfu ngendlela lemdvonsako
lengaketayeleki/lekhohlisako/lekhutsata kwenta intfo ngendlela
lensha kunaleyo leyetayelekile.
4. Caphuna libintana lelitsatsa luhlangotsi kulesikhangisi.
Imphendvulo: ‘neReserve Bank e-debit order.’
(kukhetfwa libhange linye kwengca lamanye.)

Cikelela kutsi uyavisisa kutsi inkhulumo letsatsa luhlangotsi

ngulenjani.

5. Caphuna inkhulumo lebandlululako/letsatsa luhlangotsi kulesikhangisi.

Inkhulumo letsi “ayikho lenye inkampani yemshwalense …”

Cikelela kutsi uyavisisa kutsi inkhulumo lebandlululako/letsatsa

luhlangotsi ngulenjani – iyakhetsa ngalokungenasizatfu, njll)

Likhasi 25
6. Ngutiphi letinye tinhlobo tenkhulumo letisetjentiswe kulesikhangisi kuheha umfundzi kutsi atsatse umshwalense wemoto
waka STAR?
Imphendvulo: Kusetjentiswa kweligama lelitsi ‘wakho’ (liyagcizelela ngalesinye sikhatsi); kubhalwa kweligama ‘lamuhla’
ngabofeleba; kusetjentiswa kweligama ‘nyalo’- libhalwe ngabofeleba; kubaluleka kwemsebent wekubhala
ngabofeleba netimphawu letifana nemekhuti.
Caphela: Lesikhangisi singabadvukisa bafundzi baso: Lemali le-R150 ngenyanga lekhokhelwa timoto letinelinani
lelingaphasi kwa-R50, 000 alihambisani neluhlobo lwemoto (lunyanyavu) lolusesitfombeni. Imoto levela
ngekushesha nje ngaphasi kwa-R150, yinkhohliso phela lena. Kusetjentiswa kwelumphawu (*) kulelinani
lelingu-R150 nalo liletsa kungabata.

7. Ucabanga kutsi lesikhangisi singatfutfukiswa kanjani?

Imphendvulo: Cabanga ngemagama, imisho nekuhleleka kwemicondvo lesetjentisiwe.
Caphela: Lona ngumbuto lovulekile. Fundzisisa lesikhangisi, ucikelele lulwimi lolusetjentisiwe. Hlunga, utfole
luhlobo lwemphendvulo leveta tindlela lokungatfutfukiswa ngato lesikhangisi. Phendvula lombuto-ke
ngemphendvulo lenembako.

Ematheksthi nemibuto lefakwe kulomhlahlandlela KUTIBONELO nje

kuphela taloko lokungalindzelwa eluhlolweni lwekugcina lwemnyaka.

Likhasi 26
Nasi lesinye sibonelo sesikhangisi.

IPHOLISI YINYE
LEKHETSEKILE
INZUNZO LEPHINDVWE KATSATFU

IHAMB’ EMBILI!
Ipholisi Yemshwalense Wemngcwabo i-AVBOB
Cashback Funeral Insurance ichubeke njalo nekukhula
ngekubaluleka ekukuvikeleni ngalokukhetsekile
kutemingcwabo nalokunyenti kwedlula loku!
1. Njalo emva kweminyaka lesihlanu ubuyiselwa
yonkhe imali yemnyaka wesihlanu wekugcina
loyikhokhile ingukheshe, nangabe ungakafaki
sicelo sekusitwa ngemali.
2 Labancike kumondli wabo, bayavikeleka ngemuva
kwekushona kwemnikati wepholisi – ngaphandle
kwekukhokha tindleko letengetiwe.
3 Imali lokhokhelwa yona iphindvwa kabili uma kufa
kubangwe yingoti nobe kukufa kwemvelo.
Chumana na-AVBOB lamuhla. Bochwepheshe betfu
bemshwalense nemingcwabo balindzele kukukhuluma
nawe …
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akutsintse mayelana nepholisi, tfumela i-SMS “AVBOB”
kulenombolo 30776. I-SMS IMAHHALA HHA.
Kantsi futsi, ungasishayela lucingo kulenombolo
0861 28 26 21 nobe ushayele *120*28262# bese ucela
i-“Call Me Back”. (Lucingo lubita emasenti la-20 njalo
ngemasekhondi la-20).
‘We’re here for you®’

www.AVBOB.co.za
*Kunemigomo nemibandzela. AVBOB ungumtimba logunyatiwe wekusita ngetetimali.
AVBOB usezingeni le-1 le B-BBEE contributor. FSP 20656.
1. Lesikhangisi sidlala ngemanani (tinombolo) kuhhunga bafundzi baso. Chaza.
Imphendvulo: ONE – usho kutsi YINYE kuphela: Awuyidzingi lenye ipholisi yamasingcwabisane ngobe lena imumetse
konkhe. Uzuza katsatfu: Ukhokha kanye kepha uzuza katsatfu. Tinzuzo letintsatfu tivetiwe ngaphasi kwaleyo
naleyo, ngalendlela: Sihlanu: Njalo ngemuva kweminyaka lesihlanu ubuyiselwa imali yemnyaka wesihlanu
(nangabe ungakafaki sicelo selusito lwemali).

2. Nika ligama lelikhetfwe kahle kuze bafundzi bagcugcuteleke.

Imphendvulo: “IHAMBEMBILI!”

3. Bhala umusho lonenkhulumo letsintsa imiva yemfundzi. Chaza.

Imphendvulo: ‘We’re here for you’
Umfundzi utiva akhululekile ngobe ati kutsi i-AVBOB iyamnakekela; linika siciniseko sekutsi lofundzako
angeke ashiywa yedvwa uma kufika kufa emndenini.

4. Ngabe lomfanekiso wesandla uhambisana njani nalemicondvo lecuketfwe ngulesikhangisi?

Imphendvulo: Lesandla sigcizelela inzuzo lenemikhakha lemitsatfu ngelinani linye lelikhokhwako. Lendilinga lebunjwa
nguleminywe (cikicane kanye nesitfupha) ikhomba kutsi lepholisi ilungile kantsi futsi iphelele.

5. Ucabanga kutsi kunesidzingo yini sekutsi umfundzi ati kutsi i-AVBOB ingumtimba logunyatiwe? Sekela imphendvulo yakho.
Imphendvulo: Lona ngumbuto lovulekile, kanjalo kumele ucabange ngetindlela letehlukene tekunika imphendvulo bese
uyayesekela.

Tikhona naletinye tibonelo tenkhulumo legcugcutelako kulesikhangiso.

Hlola lesikhangisi bese uyativeta.

3.3.2 Umbuto 4
Lombuto ucuketse ikhathuni (iba nefreyimu yinye nobe langetulu) lokutawubutwa ngawo. Imibuto inemamaki la-10 kantsi
icuketse (ngalokufanako nasembutweni we-3) loku lokulandzelako:

Emamaki la-2 imibuto lemayelana nesilulumagama Emamaki la-8 lamayelana netinhlobo tenkhulumo ngaphasi
nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi NOBE sakhiwo nekuhleleka kwekucikelela kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile:
kwetheksthi. inkhulumo letsintsa imiva: inkhulumo legcugcutelako,
lehhungako, letsatsa luhlangotsi nenkhulumo, njll
Imibuto ingabutwa nganobe nguyiphi indlela.
Letakhi tichaziwe embutweni 3, kepha kunye lokudzinga kuchazwa kabanti kulelicophelo, kucikelela kusetjentiswa
kwelulwimi ngalokujulile.
Ngalokwetayelekile, emagama nemisho kuba nenshokutsi lesobala, kepha etimeni letitsite loku kuyajula bese kuba yinkhulu-
mosifaniselo (inkhulumo lengacondzisi ngco, lesebentisa taga netisho, tinongo tenkhulumo nobe ivete lenye inshokutsi
lebhacile ngekwenta, tiphakamiso/inchazelo ngenkhulumo letsite).
Ngalesinye sikhatsi kusetjentiswa nobe kweciwe emagama latsite ngenhloso yekwedlulisa umlayeto lotsite. Bafundzi nobe
balaleli kumele bacikelele lolo lulwimi lolusetjentisiwe kutfumela umlayeto. Kumele-ke ucikelele kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi
ngalokujulile kuze ugweme kufundza loko lokubhaliwe, bese ukuvisisa kabi.
Lekhathuni lelandzelako nemibuto lebutiwe ngayo itawucacisa kahle ngekucikelela kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile
lokulikhono lelidzingekako ekuvisiseni kahle ematheksthi latsite kanye nemcondvo locuketfwe kuwo.

Likhasi 28
 Dokotela, ngingawufuna yini lomunye umbono?
Ngiyacolisa kukulindzisa kangaka Ungeke Sekwenele
Magudulela, ngephutiswe kwedlula wangikholwa ngami. Sengifuna
esejari yami. nangitsi kukhuluma ngawe

UDULELA kuphitsitela njani nyalo.

MAG
enkhundleni
yegalufu!
WETIMANGA

Kumele uphile Ungangivumela yini

kahle – yekela kudla kutsi ngitfole lomunye
lokunemafutsa, umbono?
emadizeti netinatfo!
Cha!
Angivumi. Dkt.
VUMA

Kumele uphile kahle – yekela

Kungenteka
kudla lokunemafutsa,
kuchubeke
emadizeti netinatfo! ngalendlela lilanga Dkt. JOLA
lonkhe!

1. Kungani sitsi lamavi adokotela kulelibhamuta lekucala efreyimini ye-2 latsi, “...ngephutiswe kwedlula esejari yami” ayakhohlisa?
Imphendvulo: Leligama lelitsi “ngephutiswe” linika umcondvo wekutsi dokotela uphambukile endleleni yakhe wabese unaka
lokutsite ngekungateleli, kungatentisi lokwente kutsi Magudulela alindze sikhatsi lesidze. Kulelibhamuta
lesibili khona efreyimini ye-2, kuyabonakala kutsi dokotela bekasemdlalweni wegalufu. Njengobe labanye
badlali bebabanyenti kakhulu, akakhonanga kucedza ngekushesha, kungako afike ngemuva kwesikhatsi.

2. Kungani kusolise kutsi leligama lelitsi “ngiyacolisa” vele likhomba kutisola?

Imphendvulo: Dokotela walindzisa Magudulela ngemabomu ngalesikhatsi yena atidlalela igalufu lokukhomba
kuticabangela, angacabangeli lomunye.
NOBE
Ligama leku “colisa” lingasetjentiswa ngendlela yekukhombisa kubeka inkhulumo ngekutitfoba kepha libe
lingakhombisi kutisola.

3. Lenkhulumo leyifundzisolite lesebhamuteni lekucala efreyimini ye-2 ungayifanisa nakuphi lokwenteka eveni lakitsi?
Imphendvulo: Tigulane tiye tilindziswe sikhatsi lesidze etindzaweni tekwelaphela tabodokotela.

4. Yini leyenta kutsi sicabange kutsi dokotela ukhuluma ngetjwala nakaphawula ngetinatfo?
Imphendvulo: Tikhona tinhlobo tetinatfo letifana nelikhofi, litiye, bonamunedi, lubisi, emanti, njll. Kepha imvamisa,
ebantfwini labangemadvodza tinatfo kuba nguleto letine alkhoholi.

5. Yini lefakazela kutsi dokotela ucondze kutsi kudla lokunemafutsa, i-dizeti netjwala akukayilungeli imphilo?
Imphendvulo: Dokotela utjela Magudulela kutsi abemcemane ngekulahla tintfo letifana nekudla lokunemafutsa, idizeti
netjwala. (Dokotela ngekwenta njalo usho kutsi letinhlobo tekudla atikalungi emtimbeni wemuntfu.)

Likhasi 29
6. Kuyini lokuluphawu lwekucala lelikhomba kutsi Magudulela utsandza kudla lokunemafutsa, idizeti netjwala?
Imphendvulo: Akasitsatsi seluleko sadokotela wekucala sekutsi ehlukane nekudla lokunemafutsa, idizeti netjwala. Ufuna
kutfola umbono wesibili (ngelitsemba lekutsi umbono wesibili ungeke umcindzetele kutsi ehlukane nekudla
lokunemafutsa, idizeti netjwala)

7. Bangaki bodokotela labakhona kulekhathuni? Chaza kutsi bavetwa njani.

Imphendvulo: Batsatfu bodokotela labavelako. Bavetwe ngalendlela: Dokotela wekucala uyavela akhuluma kulekhathuni.
Dokotela wesibili naye uyavela akhuluma kulekhathuni. Dokotela wesitsatfu akaveli, kubonakala ibhodi
lebhalwe libito lakhe kuphela.

8. Umfundzi wati njani kutsi Magudulela akasemukeli secwayiso sadokotela Vuma?

Imphendvulo: Uyachubeka uyakudokotela wesitsatfu (lokungenteka kutsi ngenhlanhla akhiphe secwayiso lesiphikisana
nalesi sabodokotela lababili).

9. Yini lefakazela kutsi Magudulela angeke asitsatse seluleko sadokotela Jola uma naso sifana naleso sabodokotela lasuka
kubo? Nguwaphi emavi lakhomba kutimisela kwaMagudulela kutsi atfole imphendvulo layifunako?
Imphendvulo: Lomngani waMagudulela ucabanga kutsi loku kungatsatsa lilanga lonkhe, bahamba, basuka kudokotela
kuya kulomunye adzimate atfole loko lafuna kukuva Magudulela.
NOBE
“lilanga lonkhe”

10. Nguliphi ligama lelifakazela kutsi dokotela Jola angahle abanike imphendvulo lefanako naleyo yalabanye bodokotela?
Imphendvulo: “kungenteka”

11. Yini leba ngumehluko wekusebentisa inkhulumo letsintsa imiva uma ubuka mekhuti (!) ngemuva kwemavi adokotela kanye
mekhuti (!) lesisefreyimini yekugcina?
Imphendvulo: Mekhuti (!) ngemuva kwenkhulumo yadokotela usikhomba emandla ekuphatsa – ungumyalo lokumele
ulandzelwe. Mekhuti (!) losekugcineni efreyimini yekugcina uveta umoya wekudvumala/kuphelelwa
ngemandla.

12. Ngekucabanga kwakho ngabe emavi aMagudulela ekutitfoba kudokotela wekucala ayahambisana yini naloko lokusefreyimini
ye-1 ngaye, Magudulela Wetimanga?
Imphendvulo: “Ngekucabanga kwakho” njengencenye yembuto kumele akukhumbute kutsi: lona ngumbuto lovulekile.
Hlatiya emavi aMagudulela, cikelela indlela laveta ngayo inhlonipho, wacatsanise nelibito lakhe bese wakha
imphendvulo yakho, lengumcondvo lotimele, uvete kuhlobana lokukhona/kungahlobani lokukhona. Hlola
imphendvulo yakho ngekufaka inseyeya bese kutsi nangabe sewenetisekile kutsi uyawuvisisa umbuto
nekutsi uhlatiye kahle yonkhe imininingwane, ungabhala imphendvulo yakho ngekutetsemba.

3.3.3 Umbuto 5
LULWIMI LWASEKHAYA LULWIMI LWEKUCALA LWEKWENGETA
Umbuto munye kuphela (5) Imibuto lemibili (Imibuto 5.1 na 5.2)
10 emamaki 20 emamaki
120-150 emagama Umbuto 5.1; 80-100 emagama
– Umbuto 5.2: Sibonwa (sitfombe)

Umbuto 5 (Umbuto 5.1) unetheksthi lokubutwa kuyo imibuto yekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi. Imibuto imayelana nesilulumagama,
kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi, sakhiwo semisho (kufaka ekhatsi kucikelela kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokujulile)

Likhasi 30
 LULWIMI LWASEKHAYA LULWIMI LWEKUCALA LWEKWENGETA
5 emamaki esilulumagama nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi 10 emamaki esilulumagama nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi
5 emamaki ngemibuto yesakhiwo semisho, kuhleleka 5 emamaki ngesakhiwo semisho ne kuhleleka
kwematheksthi (kufaka ekhatsi kucikelela kusetjentiswa kwematheksthi (kufaka ekhatsi kucikelela kusetjentiswa
kwelulwimi ngalokujulile) kwelulwimi ngalokujulile
Yonkhe lemininingwane ichaziwe ngenhla (Umbuto 3 nembuto 4). Imibuto ngalokucuketfwe isabalele kuyo yonkhe yomitsatfu
imibuto yeSigaba C.

Umbuto 5.2 ngentasi usibonelo seluhlobo lwemibuto lengabutwa encenyeni yesibili yembuto 5 (Lulwimi Lwekucala Lwekwengeta
KUPHELA):
5.2 Fundza letheksthi lengentasi bese uphendvula imibuto lelandzelako.
(Caphela: Letheksthi lengentasi inemaphutsa esipelingi neluhlolo)
ITHEKSTHI G

HHAYI STSANDZWA
KULUKHUNI KEPELA LIGAMA
NANGABA ULAMBILE
UMA UCUBEKA WENTA EMAPHUTSA EKUTHAYIPHA
TITFOLELE I-SNIKKERS NGEKUSHESHA

VAKASHELA LIKHASI LETFU LE-FACEBOOKL UTIBOELE

[itsetfwe ku https://za.pinterest.com/pin/705798572826674488/]

5.2.1 Lungisa ligama lelidvwetjelwe kulomusho lolandzelako.

Uma ucubeka wenta emaphutsa ekupela ligama.
5.2.2 Phindza ubhale lomusho longentasi uwente uphike.
Shokoleti wenta kutsi ulambe.
5.2.3 Fundza lomusho lolandzelako:
Vakashela likhasi letfu letekuchumana utitfolele imininingwane lefanele.
Shano kutsi ligama lelicindzetelwe limele siphi sitfo senkhulumo.
5.2.4 Fundza lomusho lotsi:
Shokoleti uyancibilika nangabe lilanga lishisa kakhulu.
Bhala imisho uvete imicondvo lemibili leletfwa nguleligama lelicindzetelwe.
5.2.5 Nika mcondvofana weligama lelidvwetjelwe kulomusho lolandzelako.
Gijima utitfolelele i-Snikkers estitolo sangakini.

Likhasi 31
TIMPHENDVULO
5.2.1 Uchubeka
5.2.2 Shokoleti akenti kutsi ulambe.
5.2.3 Sibaluli
5.2.4 Imphendvulo ayivete lemicondvo:
Indilinga lekhanyisa emini/lusuku
5.2.5 Totoba

KUSONGA
Nangabe ufisa kuphumelela Liphepha le-1, kumele ucikelele loku
umnyaka usasuka phasi:
ƒ Fundza lokungenani ematheksthi lasihlanu ebudze
lobungemagama la-500 kuya kula-560 (450 kuya kula-500
emagama) uphendvule imibuto lehambisana nawo (Sigaba A).
ƒ Fundza lokungenani ematheksthi lasihlanu ebudze
lobungemagama la-270 (220 emagama) bese uwafinyeta
ngemagama la-70 (60 emagama) (Sigaba B).
ƒ Fundza lokukngenani tikhangisi letisihlanu bese uphendvula
imibuto lehambisana nato (Sigaba C).
ƒ Fundza lokungenani emakhathuni lasihlanu bese uphendvula
imibuto lehambisana nawo (Sigaba C);
ƒ Fundza lokungenani ematheksthi lasihlanu ebudze bemagama
la-120 kuya kula-150 (80 kuya kula-100 emagama) bese
uphendvula imibuto lehambisana nawo (Sigaba C).

Ematheksthi nemibuto lefakwe kulomhlahlandlela KUTIBONELO nje

kuphela taloko lokungalindzelwa eluhlolweni lwekugcina lwemnyaka.

Likhasi 32
EMANOTSI

Likhasi 33
EMANOTSI

Likhasi 34
WWW.AVBOBSTEP12.CO.ZA | WWW.AVBOB.CO.ZA