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Optics Polarization
Optics Polarization
“ POLARIZATION ”
Presented to :
Sir (Dr) Abdur Rehman
Presented By :
➢ Ali zain BSPHY-22-05
➢ Muhammad Farid Shahid BSPHY-22-01
➢ Muhammad Shahid Adeel BSPHY-22-36
➢ Muhammad Usman BSPHY-22-12
➢ Safdar Bashir BSPHY-22-41
INTRODUCTION TO POLARIZATION
Definition Polarization :-
▪ Consists of waves with planes of vibrations Equally Distributed in all directions along
direction of propagation .
▪ Symmetrical about ray direction .
▪ Produced by Conventional light Sources .
Polarized Light :-
Linear Polarization :-
▪ Electric field vector of Light is limited to Single Plane only along the direction
of propagation .
Circular Polarization :-
Elliptical Polarization :-
▪ It occurs hen the two of Electric Field Vector are of not equal
magnitude and differ in phase by an arbitrary angle .
Demonstration of Types of Polarization :-
INTRODUCTION TO BIOT POLARISCOPE
DEFINITION :-
CONSTRUCTION :-
▪ Monochromatic light ray falls on plate P1 at polarizing angle and reflected vertically upward along BC
and incident on other plate P2 which is also held parallel to P1 , also at polarizing angle and is reflected
along CD .
▪ When plate P2 is gradually rotated about BC as axis the angle of incidence on plate P2 is still same .
▪ Intensity of reflected ray CD decreases and becomes zero for a rotation of 90° of plate P2 , on further
rotation of P2 intensity of CD goes maximum at 180° and then decreases till 270° where it again
becomes zero and then again maximum at 360° .
▪ As the beam is incident on P1 at polarizing angle , the reflected beam BC is completely plane polarized
with its vibration perpendicular to the plane of incidence .
▪ When P2 is parallel to P1 the vibrations of BC are perpendicular to the plane of incidence , therefore ray
BC is completely reflected as ray CD and intensity is maximum , when P2 is perpendicular to P1
vibrations of BC are parallel to the plane of incidence with respect to the plate
P2 therefore no light is reflected .
BREWSTER’S LAW
STATEMENT :-
“ When an unpolarized light of known wavelength is incident
on a transparent substance surface , it experiences maximum
polarization at the angle of incidence whose tangent is the
refractive index of the substance for the wavelength . ”
MATHEMATICAL RPERESENTATION :-
𝝁 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒊𝑷
𝟏
𝜽𝑪 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽𝑩
DIAGRA M :-
IMPORTANT KEYPOINTS :-
APPLICATIONS :-
▪ Polarized Sunglasses
▪ Polarizing Lens for Photography
MALUS LAW
STATEMENT :-
“ The intensity of plane – polarized light that passes through any
analyzer varies as the square of the cosine of the angle between plane
of polarizer and the transmission axis of the analyzer . ”
MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION :-
I = 𝐈𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽
where , 𝐈𝐨 is the intensity of incident polarized light and 𝜽 is the angle between direction of transmission
of analyzer and polarizer .
VALUE OF INTENSITY BEAM TRANSMITTED FROM POLARIZING SHEET :-
𝟏
I = 𝐈𝐎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽 = 𝐈𝐎
𝟐
DIAGRAM :-
IMPORTANT KEYPOINTS :-
APPLICATIONS :-