Guidebook #2 - Lymphatic & Immune Systems

Lymphatic System - Chapter 21

Activity #1 - Complete the statement.

1. We are the primary functions of the lymphatic system:maintain

_________
fluidbalance immuneresponse
2. I am the location where the exchange of nutrients between the blood and the tissues
takes place: capillaries
_________
3. I am the two primary lymphoid structures:Rehab_________
S Thymus
4. I am the second lymphoid structures: _________
is tonsils
5. I am any type of vessel of the lymphatic system:gg _________
6. I am a watery fluid that have some dissolved solutes, and small amount of protein that
that transported via the lymphatic vessels ultimately to the circulatory system:
_________
lymph
7. I am the fluid that lymph originates as: interstitial
_________
fluid
8. I am the approximate amount of fluid that does not get reabsorbed back into the venous
3Liters
end of the capillaries, thus becomes lymph: _________
9. I am the name of the pressure that forces fluid out of the arteriole end of the capillaries:
_________
hydrostatic
pressure
10. I am the name of the pressure that pulls or reabsorbed fluid back into the capillary on
venous end of the capillaries: osmotic
_________
pressure
11. We are vessels made up of loosely overlapping endothelial cells and form little flap-like
valves to prevent lymph from going in the opposite direction:lymphatic
_________
capillaries
12. We are fed by lymphatic capillaries and connect to lymph nodes for lymph filtration:
_________
LymphaticVessels
13. We are lymph vessels fed by lymphatic vessels: Lymphatic
_________
Trunks
14. We drain lymph from the head and neck: _________
JugularTrunks
15. We drain upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thoracic wall: Subclavian
_________Trunks
16. We drain deep thoracic structures:Broncho
_________ Trunks
mediastinal
17. We drain most abdominal structures:Intestinal
_________
Trunks
18. We drain lower limbs, abdominopelvic wall, and pelvic organs:Lumbar _________
Trunks
19. We are fed by lymphatic trunks, bring lymph to the venous circulation and are known as
the largest lymphatic vessels:Lymphatic
_________
Ducts
20. I drain all the lymph collected from the upper right area of the torso as well as the right
arm, and the right sides of the head and thorax, and feed them all into the internal
jugular vein: _________ duct
Lymphatic
21. I take lymph from the body, and dump it into the left subclavian vein and left jugular
veins:Larger
_________
thoracicduct
22. I am the location of the production of formed elements:red _________
bonemarrow
23. I am the location of t-lymphocyte maturation: _________
Thymus
 24. I am a series of checkpoints located throughout the entire lymphatic system that
“inspects” the lymph for bacteria or infection as it circulates through the lymphatic
system: Lymph
_________
nodes
25. We bring lymph to the lymph nodes:Afferent
_________ Vessels
Lymphatic
26. We drain lymph from the lymph nodes:_________
Efferent Vessels
Lymphatic
27. We are the formed elements produced by hematopoiesis: _________ RBCs
28. I am the function of a lymphocytes:emit
_________ to
i mmuneresponse pathogens
29. We may be released to either kill, invade, or alert other blood cells to help destroy it and
prevent infection:Macrophages
_________
30. I am the largest lymphoid organ: _________
Spleen
31. I am the anatomical location of the spleen: _________ quad
32. I am the primary function of the spleen:filter
_________
33. We help protect against foregin substances that are either inhaled or ingested:
_________
tonsils
34. I am the lymphoid structures located in the nasopharynx and am called adenoids when
enlarged:Pharyngeal
_________
tonsil
35. We are the lymphoid structures in the posterolateral oral cavity:palatine
_________
tonsil
36. We are the lymphoid structures located along the posterior one-third of the tongue:
_________
Lingualtonsil

Activity #2 - Label and state the function of each of the following structures.

smoothmuscle capillaries
lymphatic

arteriole

cells
endothelial

bloodcapillaries

fluid
interstitial

1. smooth
__________
muscle rest b.ITiiIdianter
2. arteriole
__________ feedsmetaarterioleswhich
feedscapillaries

3. blood
__________
capillaries exchange 02 anutrients
apickupCO2
4. interstitial
__________fluid fluidfound inspacesaroundcells
 5. lymphatic
__________ collect4 fluidfrombodycellstissues
fitter
capillary
helpmaintainBP volume
6. endothelial
__________ controlvascular
cells nsyff.ieonthnt

Label and state the function of each of the following structures.

LymphCapillary

Arteriole
Interfit

Venule

LYMPH.rs
tialfluid

p
L

Function
1. Sati
__________ feedsmetaarterioleswhich
feedscapillaries
tollect4
fitterfluidfrom
2. Lymph
__________
Capillary bodycellstissues
helpmaintainBP volume
3. Venule
__________ absorb fluid backinto theblood

the
anylymphaticofsystem
4. Lymphatic
__________ vessel
Vessel
 5. Interstitial
__________Fluid fluid surrounding
cells
6. Lymph
__________ fluid
interstitial fluidthattravels
watery thrulymphaticsystem
hassomeproteinsasolute
7. Endothelial
__________
flaps
fluidthatleaksout
allowforthe
toenterlymphaticcapillary

Label and state the function of each of the following structures.

vessels

valve

vein
artery

1. __________
value ensure onewayflow

2. afferent
__________
lymphatic
where lymphgoesinthelymphnode
vessels

3. efferent
__________
lymphatic wherelymphgoesout
 4. __________
vein bring oxygenated
bloodawayfromblood
c apillaries

5. __________
artery FIST.it i es

Activity #3 - Identify the structure labeled and state its function/anatomical location.
(Electronic Figures)

Station #1

Structure Anatomical Location Collective Function

1. Pharyngeal
____________
Tonsils
Superior posteriortothesoft
palate protectagainstforeign
deepw in thethroat thatareeither
substances

eachsideattheposteriorpartof ingestedorinhaled
2. Palatine
____________
Tonsil Onthroat
the the
between arches

inferjjjypfntju.irdeepatthe
3. ____________ base
LingualTonsil

Station #2
Structure Anatomical Primary or Secondary Function
Location Lymphoid Structure or
neither

1. Lymphatic
____________
Trunk
If L ftp.fgiisi.si neither
iiiiiiiiiiiiii.ie
LL
2. ____________
Spleen secondary

3. ____________
lymphDucts
the
it ii i i neither Iiiiiii im
ii.itii i ia
near shoulder

i.i ii
it ii
4. lymphatic
____________
vessels
neither
 Station #3
Structure Function

1. ____________
Duct
Lymphatic limbhead neck
Drainsthe thoraxupper

2. Thoracic
____________ collectinglymph most
from
Duct Majorlymphatic
yay
Recieveslymphfrom
the bodyreturning
3. ____________
Vein
Subclavian
upper
it tothebloodstream

the
lymphfrom lowerupper back
body
4. ____________
Vein
Subclavian Brings
intothe bloodstream

5. ____________
Vein
Jugular
Drains the head neck
lymphfrom

6. ____________
Vein the headneck
Drainslymphfrom
Jugular

Station #4
Structure Function

1. ____________
Nodes
Lymph Filterlymphfromthelowerextremities
Inguinal
genitalia apelviorgans

2. ____________ Fil theupperlimbsbract

4mphfrom
Axillary Nodes
Lymph
LYg
3. Cervical
____________ the neckauppe
head
LymphNodes Fifty sina.fm

4. Cisterna
____________ a lymphactingas
Collects stores beforeit
a reservoir
Chyl entersthethoradaduct

Activity #4 - Self Check Questions - Lymphatic System - Chapter 21

1. List the anatomical structures of the lymphatic system including lymph, primary
lymphoid structures, and secondary lymphatic structures.
2. Explain what distinguishes a primary lymphoid structure from a secondary lymphoid
structure.
I 3. Describe what lymph is, and draw a flowchart that illustrates what structures the lymph
is transported through to return to the blood.
4. Which body regions have their lymph drain to the thoracic ducts?
5. Describe how the thymus’s anatomy changes as we age.
 1 LymphaticVessels Tonsils

LymphNodes BoneMarrow
Spleen Lymph
Thymus LymphaticCapillaries

2 Primarylymphoidstructuresarewhereimmunecellsareformed mature
whilesecondarylymphoid matureimmune
structuresarewhere fightoffinfections
cells

3 Lymphisaclearcolorlessfluidfoundinthe l ymphatic
system ItcarriesWBCs
proteins acellular
waste
Lymph Ducts
NodesLymphatic
VesselsLymph
LymphaticCapillaries Lymphatic
subclavian
veins bloodcirculation

4 Thethoracicductdrainslymphfromthe limb headneck

upper
thorax lungabdomenpelvis bothlowerlimbs

5 Asweagethethymus togrowuntilpubertyThecellsinthethymusbegintoregressafteritreachesthesizeitneedstoreachMuchofthethymic
continues

tissue isreplaced
byadipose connectivetissue

6Many willdeliverlymphaticfluidto a lymphnodeAs

lymphaticvessels the fluidgoesthruthesinusesthey willbecomeexposedtomacrophages lymphocytes

Thesemacrophageswillremoveforeign thelymphaticfluidthenlymphocyteswillbeginanimmuneresponseagainsttheforeignparticles
p articlesfrom

7 Theredpulpwin the ofthespleencontainsmacrophagesthatremovesforeignsubstanceslikepathogensThewhitepulpofthespleencontains

sinusoids

abletoinitiateimmuneresponse
thebloodforpathogens are
lymphocytesthatmonitor

8 Pharyngealtonsilisfoundinthe otfhenasopharynxThepalatinetonsilislocatedintheposterolateralregionoftheoralcavityThelingualtonsil
wall
posterior

islocatedalongtheposterior ofthetongue

9The route
lymphaticsystemprovidesanalternate forthereturnoffluidtowardtheheartinthesystemic circuitItprovides anopportunityforlymphocytes
macrophages tofilter processbodyfluids

10 playaroleinthespreadof
freefromaprimarytumor thiscanthenbetransportedinthelymphThesevesselssometimescan
Cancerous cellscanbreak

pathogensordiseaseThesecancerouscells establishsecondarytumorsthat
may d evelopinother
locations
winthebody
 6. Describe the basic anatomy of a lymph node, how lymph enters and leaves the node,

1
and the functions of this organ.
7. Compare and contrast the red and white pulp of the spleen with respect to the anatomy
and functions of each.
8. What is the general function of tonsils and where is each tonsil specifically located?
9. Explain how the lymphatic system supports the function of both the cardiovascular and
the immune system.
10. Jordan has an enlarged lymph node along the side of his neck, and he is worried
that the structure may be a lymphoma. Explain how malignant cells may have
reached the lymph node.

Immune System - Chapter 22

Activity #5 - Complete the Statement.

1. I am the system that is not composed of organs but rather many types of cells that help
maintain immunity: immune
_______
system
2. I am another term for leukocytes: _______
WBCs
3. We are blood proteins produced in response to an antigen and we combine with
substances which the body recognizes bacteria, viruses, etc: antibodies
______
4. We are the three types of lymphocytes: ______
TAB NIC
5. We are organisms that cause damage, or possibly death, to the host organism that
they invade. Infectious agents that cause harm to the host are said to be pathogenic:
_______
infectious
agentspathogens
6. We are the four main pathogenic agents: bacteria
_____virusfungiprotozoans
7. I am a characteristic that may be present in virulent bacteria, increasing the ability to
cause disease: ______
pili
8. We are examples of virulent bacteria:tetrus
______
Stefuses
9. We are pieces of DNA or RNA in a protein shell:______
10. We are example of viruses:covid_______
19commoncold
11. I am the pathogenic agent that release proteolytic enzymes that induce inflammation
in an infected area: ______
fungi
12. We are examples of fungi that can infect immune system: _____
mail.it
13. We are the infectious agents that is spread by mosquitoes: _____
14. We are pathogenic agents that attack the host and take away its nourishment: _____
parasites
15. I am the type of immunity we are born with:innate
_____
16. We are the primary components that provide innate immunity by preventing entry:
_______
skin mucous membrane
17. I am the type of immunity that includes the actions of t-lymphocytes and
b-lymphocytes:adaptive
_____
18. We are the components involved in the first line of defense of innate immunity:_____
affair
 19. We are the four components of second line of defense (nonspecific internal defenses):
_______ feverproteins WBC
inflammation
20. We are proteins that function in providing us with innate immunity as they are effective
against a wide array of microbes (i.e. multiple layers of viruses and bacteria):
_________
antimicrobial
proteins
21. I am an immediate, local, non specific event that occurs in vascularized tissues against
a variety of injury causing stimuli: ______
inflammation
22. I am an abnormal increase in temperature of at least 1 degree C:______ fever
23. I am the role of helper t-lymphocytes:assist
______
incellmediatedinnateimmunity
24. I am the role of cytotoxic t-lymphocytes:release
______ thatdestroyother
chemicals cells
25. I am a molecule that binds to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor to trigger the
immune response: ______
antigen
26. We are example of antigens:allergens
_____HLA
27. We are cells that make direct contact with the antigen:humoral _______
28. We are the cells that have antigens presented by another cell: _______
29. We help activate natural killer cells and macrophages: helpert_______
f lymphocytes
lymphocyte
30. We release chemicals that destroy other cells: _______ Tlymphocyte
Cytotoxic

Activity 2: Respond to the Following on Inflammation.

A. List the Events of inflammation and provide a BRIEF description of each.

chemicals
na Eis
infections
orgyggspr.IE
1. ______________________:
Rely flaistory
2. Vascular
______________________:
Changes Ifperates DisplayofCAM
p
3. Recruitment
______________________:
ofleukocytes if Chemotaxis

broughtintotheinjuredorinfected
proteinare
selectiveplasma site
ofplasmaproteins
4. Delivery
______________________:

B. List the Signs of Inflammation

Redness
1. ______________________: duetoincreasedbloodflow
2. ______________________:duetoincreasedbloodflow increasedmetabolicactivitywinthearea
Heat
interstitialspace
3. ______________________:
Swelling resultingfrom influidlossfromcapillariesintothe

4. ______________________: from duetoaccumulation

of
caused stimulation painreceptors
by
compression
substancesreleased
of fluid
interstitial by
irritation kinins prostaglandins
chemical
bymicrobes
 5. Loss of Function
______________________: mayoccurin moresevere cases
duetopain swelling
Activity 3: Respond to the following Self Check Questions.

Self Check Questions - Immune System - Chapter 22

1. Compare the general characteristics of innate immunity and adaptive immunity in terms
of the cells involved, specificity, general mechanisms, and relative amount of time
required.

doing right now

justneeded to submit on the
2. Define the inflammatory response, and explain its benefits.
Inflammation is animmediatelocalnonspecific responsethatoccurs in
vascularizedtissueagainst agreatvarietyofinjurycausing
stimuli
Inflammationisthemajoreffectorresponse ofinnateimmunity
3. Describe an antigen.

Anantigenis a substancethatbindsto a componentproviding

antibodies
adaptiveimmunity ex Tlymphocytes

4. Describe how helper T-lymphocytes play a pivotal role in a healthy, normally functioning
immune system.
byreleasingcytokinesthat
regulate
ActivatedhelperTlymphocytesplaya centralroleinthe
immuneresponse

innateimmunity
theactivationofotherlymphocytesatheactivityof
cells
providing

5. Explain the general function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

chemicals
infection produce cytotoxic
Activated cytotoxic Tlymphocytes gotothesite of
cells thatcontainantigenit recognizes
transplantedcellsorcancer
thatkillthe unwantedcells infectedcells

6. Describe the functions of antibodies and complement in defending the body.

ofpathogens
Anantibodybinds antigen cause neutralization agglutination precipitation

opsonization
Onceantibody isbound w antigentheFcregion
ofan antibodycanbindcomplementcause
cells
initiatedestructionof acellthrough NK
7. There are two branches of adaptive immunity: cell-mediated immunity and
antibody-mediated immunity. Distinguish the types of antigens they are each effective
against.

doing right now

justneeded to submit on the