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Priyanka Y Tahirah T Xahreya S

Siddika Suraiya
 O R A L
C
R E E F S
 CORALS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST AND EXPLAIN
DEFINE !FUN FACTS!
7 WAYS IN WHICH
WHAT ARE CORAL DID YOU KNOWW----
THEY ARE AFFECTED BY
REEFS? CORAL REEFS..
HUMANS
WHAT ARE

CORAL REEFS?
CORAL REEFS
POLYPS
A coral polyp is an
Over the course of many years, stony
coral polyps can create massive reef
invertebrate that structures. Reefs form when polyps
can be no bigger secrete skeletons of calcium carbonate
than a pinhead to (CaCO3).
up to a foot in
diameter.
CORAL REEFS
WAYS CORAL REEFS
ARE EFFECTED BY MAN
pollution, overfishing, distructive fishing
UNSUSTAINABLEFISHING
The impacts of unsustainable fishing on
coral reef areas can lead to the depletion
of key reef species in many locations.
Such losses often have a ripple effect, not
just on the coral reef ecosystems
themselves, but also on the local
economies that depend on them.
Additionally, certain types of fishing gear
can inflict serious physical damage to
coral reefs, seagrass beds, and other
important marine habitats.!
DESTRUCTIVE FISHING
Destructive fishing is the use of fishing
gear in ways or in places such that one or
more key components of an ecosystem
are obliterated, devastated or rendered
useless. Eg, Blasting, trawl .
POLLUTION
 WAYS CORAL REEFS ARE
AFFECTED BY MAN
Climate Change,Unsustainable Tourism,
Coral harvesting & Coastal Development
 CLIMATE CHNAGE
Climate change dramatically affects the
coral reef ecosystems.Climate change
leads to 1.The temperature rising which
causes thermal stress that contributes to
coral bleaching and infectious disease.
CLIMATE CHNAGE
2.Sea level riseing which may lead to
increases in sedimentation for reefs
located near land based soucres of
sediment.This sedimentation run off can
lead to the smothering of coral.
CLIMATE CHNAGE
3.Changes in storm patterns:leads to
stronger and more frequent storms that
can cause the destruction of coral reefs
CLIMATE CHANGE:FUN FACT

sea surface temperature has increased about 1.5oF

since 1901, an average rate of 0.13oF per decade
USUSTAINABLE TOURISMN
Unsustainable tourism can cause leading
damage on a coral reef.Behaviours such as
tourist touching or standing on coral reefs
leads to corals experiencing stress the
coral organisms try to fight off the
intrusion,but that process often leads to
coral bleaching.
CORAL HARVESTING
Corals are removed from the reefs and
traded in numerous domestic and
international markets for building
structures,ornamentals for aquariums
etc.This leads to essential food, shelter
and spawning grounds for fish and other
marine organisms would cease to exist,
and biodiversity would greatly suffer as
a consequence. Marine food-webs
would be altered, and many
economically important species would
disappear.
COASTAL DEVELOPMENT
Coastal development involves
activities such as the creation of
harbors, stabilization of
shorelines, and aquaculture that
involve the destruction of
sensitive marine habitats such as
mangroves, coral reefs, and
seagrass beds.
 FUN FACTS
CORAL REEFS WERE FOUND CORAL REEFS ALSO
IN MANY MEDICINES THAT LIVES UP TO 5,000
TREAT LEUKEMIA, AND YEARS, MAKING
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES AND IT'S KNOWN THEM THE
TO BE FOUND IN ONE OF LONGEST-LIVING
THE ANTI CANCER AGENTS.
ANIMALS ON
EARTH.
to Mangroves........
What is a mangrove?
It is a tree or shrub
which grows in tidal,
chiefly tropical,
coastal swamps,
having numerous
tangled roots that
grow above ground
and form dense
thickets.
WAYS MANGROVES ARE
AFFECTED BY MAN
DEFORISTATION
Mangroves, which are vital
coastal ecosystems, are
often negatively affected by
human activities. Here are
some ways in which t
mangroves are impacted
byhumans:Deforestation:
Mangroves are often cleared
for urban development,
agriculture, and
aquaculture. This results in
the direct loss of mangrove
habitat.
 POLLUTION
Pollution: Runoff from
agriculture, industry, and
urban areas can introduce
pollutants such as t
pesticides, heavy metals,
and sewage into mangrove
ecosystems. This pollution
can harm both the
mangrove trees and the
animals that depend on
them.
LIST AND EXPLAIN WAY IN HOW MANGROVES ARE AFFECTED BY
HUMANS
.Overfishing: Overfishing and unsustainable harvesting of fish and
crustaceans in mangrove areas can disrupt the food web and impact the
overall health of the ecosystem.
Aquaculture: The expansion of shrimp and fish farming in coastal areas
often leads to the conversion of mangrove forests into ponds. This
results in the loss of mangrove habitat and can also introduce diseases
and pollutants into the ecosystem.
Climate Change: Rising sea levels and increased storm intensity
associated with climate change can inundate and erode mangrove areas.
Human activities that contribute to climate change, such as burning
fossil fuels, exacerbate these threats.
LIST AND EXPLAIN WAY IN HOW MANGROVES ARE AFFECTED BY
HUMANS
Boat Traffic: Frequent boat traffic, especially from tourism and
recreational activities, can damage mangrove roots and disrupt the
sedimentation process, which is crucial for mangrove growth.
Illegal Logging: Illegal logging for timber or firewood in mangrove
forests is a problem in some regions, leading tothabitat destruction
and degradation.
Invasive Species: The introduction of non-native species can disrupt
the balance of mangrove ecosystems, as these invaders may
outcompete or prey on native species.
LIST AND EXPLAIN WAY IN HOW MANGROVES
ARE AFFECTED BY HUMANS
Infrastructure Development: Construction of roads, bridges, and ports
in coastal areas often involves the clearing of mangrove forests, which
can lead to habitat fragmentation and increased human activity in
these areas.
Tourism: Unregulated tourism can result in trampling of mangrove
roots, littering, and disturbance to nesting sites for birds and other
wildlife.
Conservation efforts are essential to mitigate these negative impacts
on mangrove ecosystems. Protecting and restoring mangroves can
help preserve their ecological and economic value, including their role
in providing habitat for numerous species, protecting coastlines from
erosion, and supporting fisheries.
THANK YOU!