POST CLASS NOTES

Coordinate
Geometry
Topics

1. Fundamentals

2. Distance Formula

3. Section Formula
3.1 Mid-Point Formula

4. Area of Triangle
 Fundamentals

Distance of a point from the

y-axis is x coordinate or
abscissa

x1
(0 , y1)
P (x1 , y1)

y1

0 (0 , 0) (x1 , 0) X
Distance of a point from
Origin the x-axis is y coordinate
or ordinate
 Distance Formula
Y
Q (x2 , y2)

(y2 – y1)

(x1 , y1) P R
(x2 – x1)

0 A N X

Steps to Derive

Using Pythagoras theorem:

PQ = PR 2 + (𝑄𝑄R)2

Now, PR = (𝑥𝑥2 – 𝑥𝑥1) and QR =(𝑦𝑦2 – 𝑦𝑦1)

Distance, PQ = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 − 𝒚𝒚𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐

 Section Formula
Y Q (x2 , y2)
m2
(x, y) M
S
m1

(x1 , y1) P R

0 A C B X

Steps to Derive

△PRM ∼ △ MSQ (Similar triangles)

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
= =
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
𝑚𝑚1 𝑥𝑥−𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦−𝑦𝑦1
= =
𝑚𝑚2 𝑥𝑥2−𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦2−𝑦𝑦

On solving for x and y separately:

(
M(𝐱𝐱, 𝐲𝐲) =
𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏𝐱𝐱𝟐𝟐 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐𝐱𝐱𝟏𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏
,
(
𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐
 Mid-Point Formula
Y Q (x2 , y2)
m2
(x, y) M
m1

(x1 , y1) P

0 A C B X

Steps to Derive

Section Formula

(
M(x, y) =
m1x2 + m2x1 m1y2 + m2y1
,
(
m1 + m2 m1 + m2

M is the mid point , so m1 : m2 = 1 : 1

∴ m1 = 1 and m2 = 1

(𝐱𝐱𝟏𝟏 + 𝐱𝐱𝟐𝟐 𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏+ 𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐

M(𝐱𝐱, 𝐲𝐲) = ,
(
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
 Mind Map

Distance Formula

Coordinate
Geometry

Section Formula Area of Triangle

Mid-Point Formula