OBJECTIVE Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions-I

[ 1 mark each ]
1. A woman draws water from a well using a 3. In the diagram shown below, the velocity
fixed pulley. The mass of the bucket and the ratio of the arrangement is:
water together is 10 kg. The force applied Rigid Support
by the woman is 200 N. The mechanical
advantage is (g = 10 ms – 2):

(a) 2 (b) 20
(c) 0.05 (d) 0.5 A

 [ICSE Sem-1, 2021]

B E
Ans. (d) 0.5
Explanation: Mass of water and bucket
m = 10 kg
Load
\ Load = mg L
= 10 × 10 N
(a) 1 (b) 2
= 100 N (c) 3 (d) 0
Effort = 200 N  [ICSE Sem-1, 2021]
Mechanical advantage
Ans. (b) 2
Load Explanation: This is the case of single movable
(M.A) =
Effort pulley in which the distance travelled by effort
is twice the distance travelled by load as load
100
M.A = is supported by two strings.
200
dE
1 V.R. =
= = 0.5 dL
2
2d
= =2
Related Theory d
 In case of ideal single fixed pulley, the mechanical
advantage is always 1. In practically used single fixed 4. Mechanical advantage (M.A.), load (L), and
pulley, due to friction, M.A. is always less than 1.
effort (E) are related as:
E
2. A single fixed pulley is used because: (a) M.A. = L × E (b) M.A. =
L
(a) It changes the direction of applied effort
(c) M.A. × E = L (d) M.A. × L = E
conveniently.
[ICSE Specimen Paper Sem-1, 2021]
(b) It multiplies speed.
(c) It multiplies effort. Ans. (c) M.A. × E = L

(d) Its efficiency is 100%. Explanation:

[HOT ] [ICSE Sem-1, 2021] Mechanical Advantage

Ans. (a) It changes the direction of applied effort Load

=
conveniently Effort

Explanation: Single fixed pulley does not L

\ M.A. =
decreases the effort, it just adjusts the direction E
of effort.
M.A. × E = L.

Machines 47
 5. Which one of the following statement(s) is 9. A pulley system has velocity ratio 5 and is
correct? used to lift a load of 100 kgf through a verti-
(a) A machine is used to have more output cal height of 15 m. Find the distance through
energy as compared to input energy. which effort is moved:
(b) Mechanical advantage of a machine can (a) 15 m (b) 75 m
never be greater than 1.
(c) 3 m (d) None
(c) If a machine gives convenience of
direction, then its mechanical advantage  [ICSE Sem-1, 2021]
should be greater than 1. Ans. (b) 75 m
(d) For a given design of a machine, even if
dE
the mechanical advantage increases, the Explanation: V.R. =
velocity ratio remains the same. dL
 [ICSE Specimen Paper Sem-1, 2021]
dE
Ans. (d) For a given design of a machine, even if the 5=
mechanical advantage increases, the velocity 15
ratio remains the same dE = 75 m
Explanation: We cannot get more output
energy than input energy as it is against the 10. A pulley system consists of 5 pulleys having
law of conservation of energy also a part of efficiency of 80%. The mechanical advan-
energy is lost against friction force. Mechanical tage of the system is:
advantage can take value greater than 1, equal (a) 300 (b) 40
to 1 or less from 1 as in case of class I levers. In
(c) 4 (d) 0.4
a single fixed pulley M.A. = 1 and it is attached
to get effort in convenient direction. Ans. (c) 4
Explanation: V.R. = 5
6. If a block and tackle system with convenient
direction has 3 movable pulleys then its (As number of pulleys are 5)
velocity ratio: M.A .
(a) is either 6 or 7 (b) should be 6 Efficiency (h) =
V .R .
(c) should by 7 (d) is 3
[ICSE Specimen Paper Sem-1, 2021] 80 M.A .
=
Ans. (d) is 3 100 5
Explanation: In a block and tackle system the M.A. = 4
velocity ratio is always equal to the number of
movable pulleys. Multiple Choice Questions-II
7. Mechanical advantage is ratio of: [Other Question Types, For Extra Practice]
(a) effort to load  [2 marks each]
(b) load to effort
(c) load arm to effort arm
11. (A) When a machine is used as a force
multiplier, then:
(d) none [HOT ]
(a) Effort = Load (b) Effort > Load
Ans. (b) Load to effort
(c) Effort < Load (d) None of these
Explanation: Mechanical advantage is used
for assessing the performance of a machine. It (B) For an ideal machine:
is the ratio of the force produced by the ma- (a) Input work = Output work
chine (Load) to the force applied to the ma- (b) Input work < Output work
chine (Effort). (c) Input work > Output work
8. Velocity ratio is the ratio of: (d) None of these
(a) velocity of effort to velocity of load Ans. (A) (c) Effort < Load
(b) velocity of load to velocity of effort
Explanation: The mechanical advantage of
(c) load to effort the machine is greater than unity then, the ef-
(d) none fort arm is greater than the local arm.
Ans. (a) velocity of effort to velocity of load

(B) (a) Input work = Output work
Explanation: The ratio of the distance moved
by the point at which the effort is applied in a Explanation: In non-ideal condition, mechan-
simple machine to the distance moved by the ical advantage is less than unity as there is
point at which the load is applied, in the same always some loss of input energy against fric-
time. tion.

48 ICSE Physics Class X

12. (A) A block and tackle pulley system has n (d) M.A. = 4, V.R. = 6
pulleys. If the load moves up through a
Ans. (c) M.A. = 1.8, V.R. = 4
distance d, the effort end moves through
a distance: Explanation: dL = 2 m,
(a) d (b) nd dE = 8 m
d
(c) d + nd (d) dE
n V.R. =
(B) Which of the following quantity is dL
unit less?
8
(a) Load (b) Effort = =4
(c) Velocity ratio (d) Work output 2
Ans. (A) (b) nd Load
Also, M.A. =

(B) (c) Velocity ratio Effort
Explanation: Mechanical advantage, velocity
ratio and efficiency are unit less quantities. 360 kgf
M.A. =
200 kgf
13. Calculate the effort applied in the upward
direction in case of a single movable pulley M.A. = 1.8
which lifts a bucket of water of weight 30
kgf, if efficiency of the given pully system is 15. A crow bar of length 100 cm has its fulcrum
60%: situated at a distance of 25 cm from the
(a) 100 kgf (b) 20 kgf
load. The mechanical advantage of crow bar
(c) 25 kgf (d) None
is:
Ans. (c) 25 kgf
(a) 3 (b) 4
Explanation: V.R. = 2
(c) 2 (d) 1
(Single movable pulley)
η = 60% Ans. (a) 3
= 0.6 Explanation: Distance between fulcrum and
M.A . load = 25 cm
η=
V .R . Total length of crowbar = 100 cm.
M.A . \ Distance between Effort and fulcrum
0.6 =
2 = (100 – 25) cm
M.A. = 1.2 = 75 cm
\ E.A. = 75 cm
L
Also, M.A. = and L.A. = 25 cm
E
L E.A.
30 M.A. = =
1.2 = E L.A.
E
75
30 M.A. = =3
E= 25
1.2
= 25 kgf. Important
Caution  All distance (effort arm and load arm) are to be
 In case of practical pulleys (having efficiency less measured from fulcrum only.
than 1), M.A. is calculated using efficiency and
velocity ratio. 16. A cook uses a fire tongs of length 30 cm to
 If ideal pulley is used (η = 1) take M.A. = V. R. left a piece of burning coal of mass 500 g. If
14. A block and tackle system of pulleys is used he applies his effort at a distance of 10 cm
to lift the load of 360 kgf by applying an from the fulcrum, what is the effort ?
effort of 200 kgf such that load is lifted to a (a) 2 kgf (b) 0.5 kgf
height of 2 m and effort is applied through
a distance of 8 m. Find M.A. and V.R. of the (c) 1 kgf (d) 1.5 kgf
system. Ans. (d) 1.5 kgf
(a) M.A. = 3.6, V.R. = 2 Explanation: Fire tongs has length
(b) M.A. = 2, V.R. = 8 = 30 cm
(c) M.A. = 1.8, V.R. = 4

Machines 49
 \ L.A. = 30 cm
E L
Also, E.A. = 10 cm (a) L = (b) E =
4 4
E.A.
\ M.A. = (c) L = E + 4 (d) E = L + 4
L.A.
(C) The effort needed to lift a load of 360 N if
efficiency is 90% is:
10 1
= = (a) 400 N (b) 200 N
30 3
(c) 150 N (d) 100 N
Also, m = 500 g (D) A pulley system works as:
= 0.5 kg (a) energy gainer
\ Load = 0.5 kgf (b) force multiplier
(c) friction reducer
L (d) energy conservator
M.A. =
E Ans. (A) (c) 4
1 0.5 Explanation: V.R. is equal to number of pulleys.
=
3 E L
(B) (b) E =
4
⇒ E = 1.5 kgf.
L
Multiple Choice Questions-III Explanation: M.A. =
E
[Other Question Types, For Extra Practice]
L
4=
[4 marks each] E

17. The diagram given shows a system

or E =
L
of pulleys. The upper two pulleys are fixed 4
and the lower are movable:
(C) (d) 100 N
Explanation: M.A. = V.R. × efficiency,
L 90
=4×
E 100
360
= 3.6
E
360
E=
3.6
= 100 N

(D) (b) force multiplier
18. A pulley system with velocity ratio 4 is used
to lift a load of 150 kgf through a vertical
height of 20 m. The effort required is 50 kgf
in the downward direction.
With reference to this, answer the following
questions:
(A) Distance moved by the effort is:
(a) 10 m (b) 20 m
(c) 40 m (d) 80 m
With respect to this diagram, answer the (B) Work done by the effort is:
following questions: (a) 20,000 J (b) 30,000 J
(A) The velocity ratio of the system is: (c) 40,000 J (d) 50,000 J
(a) 2 (b) 3 (C) The mechanical advantage is:
(c) 4 (d) 5 (a) 3 (b) 4
(B) The load and effort of the given pulley (c) 2 (d) 1
system are related as (considering ideal (D) Efficiency of the pulley system is:
case) : (a) 60% (b) 75%
(c) 90% (d) 100%

50 ICSE Physics Class X