Biological

interventions
  Environment
 Environmental biotechnology
 Intervention
 Microbes
 Bioremediation
 Endocrine disrupter
Contents,,,  Pollution
 Sewage treatment
 Biological waste treatment
 Genetic manipulation
 Bio reactor
 gmo.
Environment,,,

 The area where the organism live, interact and freely interbreed is
known as environment
 Basically environment consist on two basic component;
Biotic component
A biotic component
❖ Environment – describes everything that surrounds a particular
organism
Other organisms
Soil, air, water
Temperature, humidity, radiation
Environmental biotechnology

 Environmental biotechnology is the solving of environmental

problems through the application of biotechnology.
 the development, use and regulation of biological systems
for remediation of contaminated environments (land, air,
water), and for environment-friendly.
What does Intervention stand for,,,

 The thing which may affect the other things and bring
changes regardless of there aspect either it may positive or
negative.
 optimization of the activities of particular organisms, or even
whole biological communities, to bring about any desired
given end, typically requires manipulation of local conditions.
Microbes,,,

 Microscopic organisms which uses in various research process for

new discoveries e.g. bacteria, viruses etc.
 Archie bacteria is most targeted due to some extra features,it
include.
Methanogens
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Bioremediation…

❖ the use of microorganisms to remedy environmental problems

❖ SO How bioremediation is used depends on
1) what is contaminated? (locations)
2) on the types of chemicals that need to be cleaned
up
3) the concentration of the contaminants (amount
and duration)
Continue,,,,

❖ Phytomediation
 Utilizing plants to clean up chemicals
 Ex: cottonwoods, poplar, juniper trees, grasses, alfalfa
 Low cost, low maintenance and it adds beauty to the site
 Endocrine disrupters,,

 Endocrine disruptors are natural or man-made chemicals that may mimic

or interfere with the body's hormones, known as the endocrine system.

 These include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls

(PBBs), and dixons.

 Other examples of endocrine disruptors include bisphenol A (BPA) from

plastics, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from pesticides, vinclozolin
from fungizides, and diethylstilbestrol (DES) from pharmaceutical agents.
Pollution,,

 Pollution of the environment’ means pollution of the environment

due to the release (into any environmental medium) from any
process of substances which are capable of causing harm to man
or any other living organisms supported by the environment.

 the escape of any substance capable of causing harm to man or

any other living organism supported by the environment.
Sewage Treatment,,

 the aims of treatment can be summarized as the reduction of the

total biodegradable material present, the removal of any co-
existing toxic substances and the removal and/or destruction of
pathogens.

Algal Treatment Systems (ATS)

 Algae have principally been employed to remove nitrogen and
phosphorus from wastewaters, though some organic chemicals can
also be treated, and a relatively new application has emerged
which makes use of their efficient carbon sequestration potential.
Biological Waste Treatment,,

1. Reducing the potential for adverse effects to the

environment or human health.
2. Reclaiming valuable minerals for reuse.
3. Generating a useful final product.
 Genetic Manipulation,,

 Genes have been manipulated by man for a very long time, that is
if selective breeding, which has been practiced for centuries in
agriculture and else where to develop desirable characteristics in
domesticated animals and plants.
 Genomic libraries
 cDNA libraries
 Polymerase chain reaction
 Cloning vectors
 Expression vectors
 Reporter gene
 How are GMOs generated?

...uses tools of molecular

genetics,
- i.e. applied bacteria
and virus genetics.
insert into plant
…via biolistics
- or - Agrobacterium tumefaceins
 Bioreactors,,,

 Any manufactured or engineered device or system that

supports a biologically active environment.
Environment is more easily controlled
Better control over density.

❑ Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane

process like microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological
wastewater treatment process, the activated sludge process.
❑ It is now widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater
treatment.