Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut

Analysis of Topic-wise Questions appeared in AKTU End Sem Exams

(Prepare such important 30 topics per subject - and prepare the Notes
and questions for assignment (two sets of Assignment Questions- each of 2-3 questions) from th
Subject Code :
S. Topic Q. No.
No.

Functional units of
1 digital system 1

2
3
2 CO/ CA 4
5
BUS, BUS
3 architecture, BUS 6
arbitration
7
8
9
Register, BUS,
4 memory Transfer 10

11

12

13
General Register
5 and Stack 14
organisation
15
16
17
18
19
20
6 Addressing Modes 21
22

23

24

Look ahead carries

7 adders 25
 26
27
28
8 Multilpication 29
30
31
32
9 Division 33
34
Floating point
10 arithmetic 35
operation
36
37
38
39
Arithmetic & logic
11 unit design 40
41

12 Control Unit 42

43

44

UNIT 3
13 Instruction Cycle 45

46
14 Micro-operations 47
48

15 Program Control 49
50
51
52
16 Pipelining 53
54
55

17 Hardwired and 56
Micro-programmed
Control
57
58
 59
60

Concept of
Horizontal and
18 Vertical Micro- 61
programming

62

63

19 Cache memories 64
65
66
67
68
69

Cache memories 70

71
72
73
74

Semi conductor
20 RAM memories 75
76
77
78
79
2D and 2.5 D
memories 80
81

21 virtual memory 82
83
 84
85

22 Auxiliary memories 86
87
88
89

23 numericals 90

91

modes of data
24 transfer 92
93
94

25 serial data comm 95

96
97
98

26 I/O interface 99
100
101
102

27 interrupt 103
104
105
106

28 DMA 107
108
109
110
111
112

I/O channel and

29 processor 113
 114
115
116

standard
30 Communication 117
interfaces
118
119
120
 Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut
Analysis of Topic-wise Questions appeared in AKTU End Sem Exams
(Prepare such important 30 topics per subject - and prepare the Notes
and questions for assignment (two sets of Assignment Questions- each of 2-3 questions) from these 30 topics)
Subject Name :
Question (Statement) - appeared in AKTU End Sem Exams

UNIT 1
Draw a block diagram of a computer’s CPU showing all the basic building blocks such as program counter, accumulator,address and data registers, instruction register, control unit etc., and describe how such
properly to memory, input/output etc.
List and briefly define the main structural components of a computer.
Draw the basic functional units of a computer.
Define the term Computer architecture and Computer organization.
Define the term Computer Architecture

Write a short note on bus arbitration.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of polling and daisy chaining bus arbitration schemes.
What is bus arbitration?
What is mean by bus arbitration? List different types of bus arbitration.
Explain the operation of three state bus buffers and show its use in design of common bus. OR Draw a diagram of a Bus system in which it uses 3 state buffers and a
decoder instead of the multiplexers
Represent the following conditional control statements by two register transfer statements with control functions. If(P=1) then (R1 <--R2) else if (Q=1) then (R1<--R3)
A digital computer has a common bus system for 8 registers of 16 bit each. The bus is constructed using multiplexers. I. How many select input are there in each multiplexer? II. What is the size of multiplexers
bus?
i. Draw a diagram of bus system using MUX which has four registers of size 4 bits each. ii. Evaluate the arithmetic statement. X = A + B * [C * D + E * (F + G)] using a stack organized computer with zero add

What is stack ? Give the organization of register stack with all necessary elements and explain the working of push and pop operations.

What is a memory stack ? Explain its role in managing subroutines with the help of neat diagrams.
Explain various types of processor organization.
What do you mean by processor organization? Explain various types of processor organization.
Discuss stack Organization. Explain the following in details- (i) Register stack (ii) Memory stack
Convert the following arithmetic expressions from infix to reverse polish notation :i. A*B + C*D + E*F ii. A*[B + C*CD + E]/F*(G + H)
Explain in detail multiple bus organization with the help of a diagram.
Explain the following addressing modes with the help of an example each : i. Direct ii. Register indirect iii. Implied iv. Immediate v. Indexed
How addressing mode is significant for referring memory ? List and explain different types of addressing modes.
An instruction is stored at location 400 with its address field at location 401.The address field has the value 500.A processor register R1 contains the number 200. Evaluate the effective address if the addressing
(iii) relative (iv) register indirect (v) index with R1 as index register
Describe in detail the different kinds of addressing modes with an example.
UNIT 2
Describe sequential Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
using proper diagram.
Write short note on look ahead carry adders.
List the drawback of ripple carry adder
Explain the function of arithmetic circuit with the help of circuit diagram.
Show the contents of the registers E, A, Q, SC during the process of multiplication of two binary numbers 11111 (multiplicand) 10101 (multiplier). The signs are not included.
Draw the flowchart of Booth’s algorithm for multiplication
Draw the data path of 2’s compliment multiplier. Give the Robertson multiplication algorithm for 2’s compliment fractions. Also illustrate the algorithm for 2’s compliment fraction by a suitable example.
Show step by step the multiplication process using Booth’s algorithm when (+ 15) and (– 13) numbers are multiplied.
Draw the data path of sequential n-bit binary divider. Give the non-restoring division algorithm for unsigned integers. Also illustrate algorithm for unsigned integer with a suitable example.
Perform the division process of 00001111 by 0011 (use a dividend of 8 bits).
Draw a flowchart for adding and subtracting two fixed point binary numbers where negative numbers are signed 1’s complement presentation.

Represent 1460.12510 in single precision and double precision formats

Explain IEEE standard for floating point numbers.
How floating point numbers are represented in computer, also give IEEE 754 standard 32-bit floating point number format.
What do you mean by overflow ? Describe the overflow detection.
Draw the block diagram of control unit of basic computer. Explain in detail with control timing diagrams.

Describe sequential Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) using proper diagram

What is an instruction in the context of computer organization ? Explain the purpose of the various elements of an instruction with the help of a sample instruction format
Describe the types of instructions on the basis of address fields used in the instruction with example.

Evaluate the arithmetic statement X = (A + B)*(C + D) using a general register computer with three address, two address
and one address instruction format a program to evaluate the expression.
UNIT 3
Explain the different cycles of an instruction execution

Write the steps in fetching a word from memory. Differentiate between a branch instruction and call subroutine instruction.
Describe micro-operation and enlist its types.
What are the different categories of micro-operations that may be carried out by CPU ? Explain each category of micro operations giving one example

What is CISC ? Explain its characteristics

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a variable length instruction format.
What is RISC ? Explain its various characteristics.
Differentiate between RISC & CISC based microprocessor
What is pipelining ? How the idea of pipelining used in a computer ?
How pipelining is classified ?
Differentiate between linear and non-linear pipeline.
What do you understand by hardwired control ? Give various
methods to design hardwired control unit. Describe any one method
used for designing of hardwired control unit.

Explain micro-programmed control unit.

Compare and contrast hardwired and microprogrammed control units. Also lists their advantages and disadvantages.
Explain the basic concept of hardwired and software control unit with neat diagrams.
Explain micro-program sequencer for a control memory using a suitable block diagram

Explain the concept of vertical and horizontal multi-programming

Explain 4-bit incrementer with a necessary diagram

Briefly define the following terms :
i. Micro-operation
ii. Micro-instruction
iii. Micro-program
iv. Micro-code
v. Control memory

UNIT 4
Calculate the page fault for a given string with the help of LRU & FIFO page replacement algorithm, Size of frames = 4 and string 1 2 3 4 2 1 5 6 2 1 2 3 7 6 3 2 12 3 6
What do you mean by page fault?
Define hit ratio
What is an Associative memory? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
How is the Virtual address mapped into physical address? What are the different methods of writing into cache?
A digital computer has a memory unit of 64K X 16 and a cache memory of 1K words. The cache uses direct mapping with a block size of four words.
I. How many bits are there in the tag, index, block, and word fields of the address format? II. How many bits are there in each word of cache, and how
they are divided into functions? Include a valid bit. III. How many blocks can the cache accommodate?
The logical address space in a computer system consists of 128 segments. Each segment can have up to 32 pages of 4K words each.
Physical memory consists of 4K blocks of 4K words each. Formulate the logical and physical address formats.
Discuss different maping techniques used in cache memories and their relative merit and demerits
what do you understand by locality of reference
A two way set associate cache memory uses block of 4 words the cache can accommodate total of 2048 words from memor the main memory size is 128k X 32. what is the size of cache memory and
What is associative memory ? Explain with the help of a block diagram. Also mention the situation in which associative memory can be effective utilized.

A RAM chip 4096 x 8 bits has two enable lines. How many pins are needed for the integrated circuit package? Draw a block diagram and label all input and outputs pins of the RAM. What is the main feature o

difference between RAM and DRAM

What is SRAM and DRAM
A computer uses RAM chips of 1024*1 capacity. i) How many chips are needed & how should their address lines be connected to provide a memory capacity of 1024*8? How many chips are needed to provid
Differentiate between static RAM and Dynamic RAM.
Discuss 2 D RAM and 2.5D RAM with suitable diagram

Difference between 2 D and 2.5D memory

Discuss virtual memory and how paging help in implementing virtual memory
Explain the term cycle stealing
what do you mean by CAM and their characterstic
What is the distinction between spatial locality and temporal locality ?

What is the transfer rate of an eight-track magnetic tape whose speed is 120 inches per second and whose density is 1600 bits per inch?

show the labelled diagram for magnetic disk and magnetic tape
what do you understand by optical disk? Make a labelled diagram.
expain what do you understand by term auxiliary memories?

A computer uses a memory unit with 256 K words of 32 bits each. A binary instruction code is stored in one word of memory. The
instruction has four parts : an indirect bit, an operation code, a register code part to specific one of 64 register and an address part.
A moving arm disc storage device has the following specifications :Number of Tracks per recording surface = 200, Disc rotation speed = 2400 revolution/minute
Track-storage capacity = 62500 bits, Estimate the average latency and data transfer rate of this device.

UNIT 5
Explain destination-initiated transfer using handshaking method.
Explain how the computer buses can be used to communicate with memory and I/O. Also draw the block diagram for CPU-IOP communication.
what is I/O control method

What do you mean by asynchronous data transfer? Explain strobe control and hand shaking mechanism.
What are the different methods of asynchronous data transfer? Explain in detail.
Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous data transfer
what are the pre requisites for asynchronous data transfer

Discuss the design of typical input output interface

what do you understand by term peripheral
Define input output interface.
Explain I/O bus and I/O Command

Differentiate between software vs hardware interrupts

what are the different hardware interrupt exceptions
what are interrupts how are they handelled
Explain the difference between vectored and non-vectored interrupt. Explain stating examples of each.

Give the block diagram of DMA controller. Why are the read and write control lines in a DMA controller bidirectional ?
Draw and explain the block diagram of typical DMA controller
Discuss the different modes of data transfer.
what is DMA and how DMA used to transfer data using peripheral devices
what is cycle stealing DMA
short note on DMA based data transfer

what is interrupt initiated I/O

write down the difference between isolated I/O and memory mapped I/O and also discuss their advantages and disadvantages
what do you mean by I/O processor
Explain I/O channel and their types

What are the different standard communication interfaces?

What are the different types of USB available today. Specify different standards and their data transfer rate.
How will you connect a old USB type port to a new interface?
what are the different optical ports ?
 Taught in : I year / All branches
Year and Sem
Marks Remarks
(Odd / Even)

2016-17 7.5

2021-2022 2
2019-2020 2
2020-2021 2
2019-2020 2

2014-15 5

2015-16 10
2019-2020 2
2020-2021 2
2016-17/2021-
15/10
2022
2021-2022 2

2021-2022 10

2016-17 15

2016-17 15
2015-16 10
2021-2022 10
2019-2020 10
2019-2020 10
2021-2022 10
2014-15 10
2016-17 15

2020-2021 10

2019-2020 10

7
2017-18
 7
2

2016-17 10
2015-16 7
2014-15 5
2018-19 7
2017-18 7
2018-19 7

2018-19 7

2017-18 3.5

2016-17 15

2017-18 10

2014-15 10

2015-16 5
2016-17 5
2014-2018 5
2017-18 7
2018-19 3.5
2018-19 3.5

2018-19 3.5

2014-15 10
2018-19 7
2014-20 10

2015-16 7

2016-17 15

2015-16 10

20-21 10
20-21 2
20-21 2
21-22 2
21-22 10

21-22 10

19-20
18-19
19-20
20-21 10
21-22 10

20-21 10
19-20

19-20 10
20-21 2
21-22 2

18-19

17-18

21-22 10
21-22 10
19-20 2

20-21
21-22 10

18-19 10

18-19 7
20-21 10
20-21 10
19-20 10
18-19 7
18-19 7
19-20 10