licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

DIPLOMA IN BUILDING
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING II

(BGN292)

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

PREPARED BY:

NO NAME STUDENT ID
.
1 NOUR AILEE MELLISA BINTI HAROLD HEIZREEN 2021630814
2. NURDHIA DANIA BINTI SUHAIMI 2021208982
3. KAUTHAR BINTI AZMI 2021205622
4. ALIAA HUSNA 2021863294

PREPARED FOR:
MADAM NURUL HUDA BINTI ABDUL HADI

SUBMISSION DATE:
23 June 21, 2023
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Malaysia is in Southeast Asia, near the equator, and has a tropical climate. Economic
development and population increase are expected to have an impact on the country's expanding
energy needs. Malaysia, as an industrialized country, is debating future energy sources for
electricity generation. With Malaysia on track to become a net energy importer by 2020, a rise in
alternative energy shares will at the very least provide more steady security as well as a more
cost-effective and environmentally friendly environment. Buildings in Malaysia utilize 14.3% of
total energy, with residential and commercial sectors consuming 53% of total electrical energy.

The goal of the building's electrical infrastructure is to supply and distribute power.
Buildings utilized for diverse purposes have varied needs. The structure of the building must be
established before the power supply and distribution system can be planned and developed. An
architect should typically design sustainable structures and construction to minimize energy
consumption in buildings while also improving energy efficiency. A shopping mall takes a large
quantity of energy to run, both in terms of embodied and operational energy.

We have chosen D Mall Seri Iskandar for the electrical supply in this research scenario.
Shopping malls, as we all know, require more energy than other types of buildings and are
becoming increasingly popular across the world. Electrical energy is used to power ventilation,
heating, and cooling systems. Electricity powers lift and material carriers, as well as signal and
communication devices. In most buildings, lighting is the primary user of electrical energy.
2.0 Background of The Building

This case study, for subject building services engineering II. We choose D Mall as our
place to complete our Case study about the electrical supply. This building is located at Lot 526,
Lebuh SIBC, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak. It was built in 2015 and it was
built by Setia Awan Properties. Sdn. Bhd.
Operation of building services system are for electrical supply, telecommunication,
mechanical transportation, fire safety and solid waste management system in building. We are
focusing on electrical supply that contribute for the one building that we do our case study on.
On this assignment we will elaborate about electrical supply based on the location or building
that we choose. We also get into one area that we compile the information and the wiring system
that they used and electrical room for one shop lot that holding the biggest electrical supply,
which is Ampang Superbowl. Which is bowling area.
D Mall is the building that we worked on for our study case about electrical supply for
the building. The building is divided by two parts. Which is, there is a section for hotel, which is
D Hotel. Supermarket, Billion and there are also has a shop lot for people to rent in D Mall.
From what we observe every shop lot provide distribution box for their electrical supplies.
3.0 INSTALLATION PROCESS AND/ OR REQUIREMENT OF THE BUILDING
SERVICES SYSTEM

Figure 3.0 shows a building’s electrical distribution.

Direct current (DC) and alternate current (AC) are the two basic categories into which the
electrical supply system can be divided. Since it is simpler to convert into other types based on
the mutual induction principle and the sinusoidal type is not modified by the main components, a
single or three-phase supply was chosen in this particular building. Tenaga National Berhad
(TNB) enters the building's TNB substation, which is stored inside and contains an elevated
voltage room as well as switch gear and transformer rooms. Next, electricity is sent to the Main
Switch room, also known as the Low Voltage Room. It serves as a distribution room and
contains circuit breakers, main control switches, and meters. The Main Distribution Frame
(MDF) Room, which contains information distribution structures connecting communications
wirings, receives electricity after that. Electric riser is a connector that supply electricity to the
top levels by connect the wiring to electrical rooms on each level. Then, electricity is sent to the
distribution boards for the electrical appliance control switches. If TNB is unable to provide
energy, a backup generator is located in the LV Room (Main Switch Room), which is connected
to the Gen-Set Room.
The electrical design team requires an architect and an electrical designer. The architect
allots space in the structure for the electricity system while the electrical engineer will design
electrical distribution.
3.1 CASE STUDY

Figure 3.1 is the D Mall. Figure 3.2 is the D Hotel.

D Mall and D Hotel shares the same electrical supply. D Mall is a commercial building
consisting of 3 floors. Malaysia’s Electric Utility Company Tenaga National Berhad (TNB) is
the main power source of electricity. In Malaysia, the National Grid refers to the transmission
system across the peninsula (with interconnections in Khlong Ngae and Sadoa in Thailand, and
Woodlands, Singapore). Power generation in the National Grid is done by licensed independent
power producers (IPPs) and Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)—Malaysia’s largest energy utility
—which also generates, transmits, manages, and distributes electricity along the grid. The TNB
substation is placed in the back of the building with a protective enclosure. Substation is a part of
an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. It has a step-up and step-down
transformer. The function of step-up transformer is to increase the voltage while decreasing the
current and vice versa. Generally, substation has a switching component (high or low voltage
witch board), protection component (circuit breaker or fuses), metering equipment, automatic
fire extinguisher system and one or more transformers. A device used to change the voltage of an
alternating current in one circuit to a different voltage in a second circuit is known as
transformer. Lastly, the consumer room will receive electricity from TNB substation hence it
will be supplied to small lots.
3.2 SUBSTATION AND FEEDER PILLAR

Figure 3.3 shows the TNB substation and feeder pillar.

This TNB substation is the point of entry to the 33kV transmission cables. Switch gear
for high voltage is in this room. Only TNB authorized personnel are permitted entry to this
chamber, which is a TNB substation that is under TNB's control. Depending on where it is
distributed, such as in residential, commercial, or industrial units, it has a broad variety of sizes.
Fun fact: Each substation in schools and hospitals are independent. It is done to reduce the
possibility of a power distribution system breakdown. Substations are used to convert high-
voltage power lines over long distances into the voltages needed to power buildings. A set of
electrical components known as an electrical substation includes switch gear, a step-down
transformer, auxiliaries, and busbar. The circuit can be switched off manually or automatically
during abnormal circumstances like a short circuit. A substation receives electrical power from
generating station via in coming transmission lines and delivers electric power via the outgoing
transmission lines.
A group of busbars, three-phase electrical panels, termination connectors, fuses, covers,
and an enclosure are the major components of a feeder pillar box (FPB), also referred to as a
power box. They tend to be grey metal boxes enclosed in a fence. A rigid vertical feeder pillar
from the different suggested feeder pillar configurations has been designed and simulated in
accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard test requirement
and evaluated in terms of accuracy and usability. Its purpose was to assess the short circuit. An
electrical distribution system is shielded by it. The goal is to deliver low voltage range for
homes, offices, and small businesses.
3.3 CONSUMER ROOM

Figures 3.4 & 3.5 are the electrical supply in a consumer room.

Consumer room receives 11kV of electricity from TNB substation transformer, and it
will transfer to the customer transformer which used a step-down transformer from 11kV to
240V. high voltage switch board is an assembly point where it receives power from the HV
generator. A common bus bar runs through the board where power sources are connected to
switch gear. Bus bar acted as a manifold and feeders are taken from it through circuit breaker.
3.4 TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION AND FIRE PROTECTION

Figure 3.6 shows the transformer substation and fire protection.

It often gets its supply from high-voltage underground cables or overhead transmission
lines. Then, after passing via circuit breakers and disconnected switches, the electrical power is
directed to the main or reserve busbars, where it is either linked to overhead lines for power
retransmission or to step-down transformers for distribution. It must be placed in a fireproof
room which fitted with fixed gas extinguisher system, fire detector (smoke and heat) and alarm.
3.5 SWITCHBOARD

Figure 3.7 is the switchboard.

The focal point of the electrical system is the switchboard. It is crucial to the supply of
electricity and satisfies the requirements for both personal and material safety. A switchboard's
function includes providing switching, current safety, and metering for a variety of currents as
well as to split the main current supplied to the switchboard into smaller currents for further
distribution. It divided into two groups, high voltage, and low voltage. Switch Board consists of
main switch, busbars, circuit breaker or fuses and meters. Distribution board (DB) or
switchboard distributes electrical power to final circuit or other distribution board. It also
provides electrical supply to the electrical fixtures. For instance, fans, light, air conditioner and
etc. It is located in a steel box with doors and can be divided into several levels (main,
intermediate, and final).
A bus is a conductor or set of conductors that serves as a common connection for two or
more circuit. 3-phase bus bar used to distribute 415V from main distribution board to all floors.
Article 408.3 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) contributes to a higher level of electrical
safety for service entrance panels. The 2017 modification to the code includes clauses that call
for panel board barriers to act as shock protection. NEC article 408.3 states that bus bars shall be
located so as to be free from physical damage and shall be held firmly in place. It involves 4
metal strips, each of which contains 240V single phase power and is stored in a riser trunk.
Vertical bus bars are used to transfer power via excessive current equipment to the load devices,
whilst horizontal bus bars are used to deliver power to each switchboard segment. Once vertical
and horizontal bus bars join forces, mechanical and electrical connections take occur.
3.6 WIRING SYSTEM

Figure 3.8 shows the Wi-Fi.

Figure 3.9 shows the air conditioner suis.

Conductors are fictionized to transmit the electricity. Aluminium and copper are the
examples of good conductor. Insulators are used to prevent short circuit and prevent leakage of
energy to the earth. Hence, electrocution can be avoided. It is to support or separate electrical
conductors without allowing current through themselves. A good insulator is a non-conductive
material such as rubber and PVC. To protect and aid maintenance of cable and wiring, plastic or
metal has been used. Fuse is a strip or metal wire that melts when exceed current present. It is
either exposed or cartridge type. Circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch
designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. It can
be reset to resume normal operation. Earthing is a fault current will flow to 'earth' through the
live conductor, provided it is earthed. Residual current circuit breaker is formerly known as an
Earth leakage circuit breaker or ELCB. An electrical wiring device that disconnects a circuit
whenever it detects that the electric current is not balanced between the energized conductor and
the return neutral conductor.
Wiring in buildings is either on the surface or concealed in the construction. Surface
wiring is cheaper, but it limits the use as it appears. There are few factors that need to be
consider for this part. First and foremost, type of wire. Setia Awan properties Sdn. Bhd applied
trunking. Trunking is a cable casing which are made from steel or plastic or other insulating
materials. It usually in a rectangular shape cross section. In general, one side of it is either
removeable or hinged for the whole of its length to allow cable to be inserted. It consists of two
or more compartment to enable cables to be isolated but in the same trunk. Compartmentation
allow data telecommunication cables placed in the same trunking.
4.0 OPERATION OF THE BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEM

Figure 4.0

Substation is where voltage is charged for switching, distribution and transmission

purposes from high to low or low to high. Mostly, the substation is separate of the building or in
part of the ground floor of building. For this building, the substation is under the side of the
building. This substation is where the building and the premises inside and outside the building
can get the electricity to make sure all the electrical consumption such as lamp, fan, air
conditioner and the other equipment that requires electricity can work well to provide comfort
and satisfaction to the customers. The power of electricity will supply to the switchboard where
the voltage will be low so that it is safe to be distributed to the building.
 Figure 4.1

Switchboard is the building’s intake point from the substation and serves as the
installation’s focal point. The function of the switchboard is to provide switching, current
protection, and metering for the various currents as well as to split the main current supplied to
the switchboard into smaller currents for further distribution. It is also protected from overload
currents, over-circuit currents and insulation faults. Since this building is a supermarket, they use
the low voltage switchboard for supply the electricity to the whole building and used the 3 phase
415V circuit that taped directly to the main switchboard to run the heavy duties electrical
appliance such as lift, escalator and air conditioners. then, the electrical will supply to the
distribution board on every floor of the building. The distribution board is utilized to distribute
electricity to the end circuit, or another DB. DB is responsible for distributing power to the
electrical fixtures. A database that is contained in a steel box or cabinet with a door and can be
partitioned into numerous levels. Electrical that receive from the supplier will go through the
wiring system that used which is trunking.
 Figure 4.2

Trunking is a cable casing that is typically rectangular in cross section and constructed of
metal, plastic, or another insulating material. For the duration of its length, one side is either
removable or hinged to permit cable insertion. To isolate cables from other cables in the same
trunking, trunking typically has two or more compartments. Compartmentalization enables the
placement of low-voltage electrical cables, telephone cables and data transmission cables in the
same trunking. For the wiring of the cable, the method that been used is surface wiring. This
method is used because the installation of the cable does not need to drill into the walls, floor, or
ceiling. This surface wiring can be utilized to transfer electrical current from any existing outlet
to another site so that can be easily to connect to the electrical appliances and other related.
 Figure 4.3

Then, for the final circuit, this building is uses fixed appliances circuit which is tapped
from the circuit of single phase 240V electrical. This circuit is functioned to run fixed appliances
such as fan, low duty air conditioner and the other appliances that related.

For easiest explanation above:

Distribution
Substation Switchboard Trunking Final circuit
board (DB)
5.0 Figure
6.0 CONCLUSION
We gained a lot regarding the electrical supply system as a result to this case study. We
can visualize the setup, use, and upkeep of an electrical supply system. The electrical supply
system for the D Mall was built entirely in accordance with IEEE Regulation for Electrical
Installations and the Malaysian Electricity Regulation 1994, as far as we can tell.
It seems that they did not take the maintenance seriously. It isn't a major issue right now, but it
might be in the future. Therefore, the spaces and access necessary for system maintenance must
be sufficient. To avoid risk, the energy commission mandated that installations be kept in
excellent working order and that safety precautions be always followed.
On the other hand, it is crucial to select the proper kind of electrical supply. For instance, it aids
in resource and expense savings. Where pollution is reduced, our environment is better protected.
Additionally, there will not be as much use of natural resources that degrades our atmosphere.
7.0 REFERENCES

Contributors to Wikimedia projects. (2023). Seri Iskandar. Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu,

Ensiklopedia Bebas. https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seri_Iskandar

BUILDING SERVICES_ CASE STUDY_ AVENUE K SHOPPING MALL. (2015, July 10). Issuu.

https://issuu.com/minglong/docs/complete_report__building_services_