CoE-XII FT-05

15/06/2024 Code-A
CoE-XII

Corporate Office: Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005, Phone 011-47623456

Fortnightly Test-05 (COE-XII)

(for NEET-2025)
ANSWERS
1. (3) 41. (4) 81. (2) 121. (4) 161. (2)
2. (3) 42. (4) 82. (1) 122. (3) 162. (1)
3. (1) 43. (2) 83. (3) 123. (4) 163. (3)
4. (4) 44. (2) 84. (3) 124. (3) 164. (3)
5. (2) 45. (1) 85. (3) 125. (1) 165. (2)
6. (4) 46. (1) 86. (1) 126. (3) 166. (2)
7. (2) 47. (4) 87. (2) 127. (1) 167. (1)
8. (1) 48. (2) 88. (2) 128. (4) 168. (1)
9. (3) 49. (1) 89. (4) 129. (1) 169. (4)
10. (4) 50. (4) 90. (1) 130. (2) 170. (2)
11. (2) 51. (1) 91. (1) 131. (2) 171. (2)
12. (4) 52. (2) 92. (4) 132. (2) 172. (3)
13. (2) 53. (2) 93. (1) 133. (4) 173. (4)
14. (2) 54. (4) 94. (1) 134. (2) 174. (4)
15. (4) 55. (4) 95. (3) 135. (4) 175. (4)
16. (4) 56. (3) 96. (2) 136. (1) 176. (3)
17. (2) 57. (4) 97. (2) 137. (1) 177. (3)
18. (4) 58. (3) 98. (4) 138. (4) 178. (3)
19. (1) 59. (1) 99. (2) 139. (4) 179. (2)
20. (2) 60. (2) 100. (2) 140. (3) 180. (2)
21. (2) 61. (1) 101. (3) 141. (4) 181. (3)
22. (4) 62. (2) 102. (4) 142. (1) 182. (2)
23. (2) 63. (3) 103. (4) 143. (3) 183. (4)
24. (3) 64. (2) 104. (4) 144. (3) 184. (4)
25. (1) 65. (2) 105. (2) 145. (1) 185. (1)
26. (3) 66. (2) 106. (1) 146. (3) 186. (2)
27. (4) 67. (4) 107. (1) 147. (3) 187. (1)
28. (2) 68. (2) 108. (4) 148. (3) 188. (3)
29. (3) 69. (4) 109. (1) 149. (1) 189. (3)
30. (1) 70. (1) 110. (4) 150. (2) 190. (2)
31. (3) 71. (2) 111. (4) 151. (3) 191. (4)
32. (2) 72. (1) 112. (3) 152. (1) 192. (3)
33. (3) 73. (1) 113. (2) 153. (3) 193. (1)
34. (3) 74. (3) 114. (2) 154. (4) 194. (2)
35. (4) 75. (2) 115. (1) 155. (4) 195. (1)
36. (3) 76. (4) 116. (4) 156. (2) 196. (2)
37. (1) 77. (3) 117. (2) 157. (4) 197. (1)
38. (1) 78. (2) 118. (1) 158. (1) 198. (2)
39. (1) 79. (2) 119. (3) 159. (3) 199. (3)
40. (4) 80. (1) 120. (1) 160. (3) 200. (4)

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FT-05 CoE-XII

SOLUTIONS
1. Answer (3) 10. Answer (4)
d

dt

d 2
dt
t  2t  1   At resonance, XC = XL, hence current and voltage
will be in phase.
  2t  2  Straight line 11. Answer (2)
2. Answer (3) EM waves travel with different speeds in different
Magnetic flux linked with the copper tube changes media. It travels with 3 × 108 m/s in free space.
and eddy currents are generated in the tube. The 12. Answer (4)
eddy current opposes the falling of the magnet and Since surface is given as mirror, we assume it as
hence eventually magnet falls with zero a perfectly reflecting surface.
acceleration and uniform velocity.
Radiation pressure from a perfectly reflecting
3. Answer (1)
2I
There will be no change in magnetic flux surface, P 
associated with the loop, hence no net induced c
emf. 25 10
P   108 N/m2
4. Answer (4) 3  108
3
All the given losses occur in a transformer. 13. Answer (2)
5. Answer (2)
The equivalent circuit will look like as
Ampere’s circuital law:  B  dl  0 i

d
Modified form :  B  dl  0 i  0 0
dt
14. Answer (2)
E  E0 sin  t  kx 
VAB  Blv sin   B0  2R  v sin60 v

v 
4  1017
 2  108 m/s
k 2  109
VAB  3B0vR
15. Answer (4)
6. Answer (4)
Capacitor causes the leading of current in a circuit,
i  i0 sin  t   hence either only capacitor or capacitor and
inductor (provided XC > XL) can lead the current in
i0 2
irms    2A the given situation.
2 2
16. Answer (4)
7. Answer (2)
Apply energy conservation:
E0 I0
Pav = ErmsIrmscos = cos90  Zero 1 1
2 2 mv 02  kx 2  2  102  200  x 2
2 2
8. Answer (1)
T
x  1m
Vdt Area in V -t curve
17. Answer (2)
Vav  0
T

T
 dt0 Momentum conservation:
T  2 × 5 = 2v1 + 4v2
V0  
Vav     0
2 V 5 = v1 + 2v2 …(i)
T 2 Coefficient of restitution:
9. Answer (3)
v 2  v1
Given, e  110sin 50t  e  1
5
E0 = 110 V,  = 50 rad/s  v 2  v1  5 …(ii)

Peak current, i 0  0  0 C Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
XC 10 5
v2  m/s, v1   m/s
i0  110  50  2  106  11 mA 3 3

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CoE-XII FT-05

18. Answer (4) 25. Answer (1)

If only internal forces are acting, then no net
external force is there on the system
Fext = 0  (P)system = 0
But internal force can do work on a system, hence
it can change KE as well as TE.
19. Answer (1)
 
W  F  s  2iˆ  3 jˆ  5kˆ  8 jˆ  24 J Since the flux is outward and increasing, therefore
the induced current will try to oppose it and hence
20. Answer (2) the induced current will be clockwise.

Wnet  KE 
1
2

m v f2  v i2  …(i)
26. Answer (3)
Alternating current changes its direction with time.
x  t 2  2t  v  2t  2 27. Answer (4)
vf t  5  8m/s, v i  t  0  2 m/s P  Vrms irms cos   Vrms  irms 
R
Z
Wnet 
1
2
 1

 3 82  22   3  60  90 J
2 Vrms  irms  Z
21. Answer (2) 2
Vrms R
The simplified circuit will be  P  irms
2
R  2
Z
28. Answer (2)
Given,   200 2 sin 100t  30 

Z  R 2   X L  XC   502  502  50 2 
2

Blv 2  50  10 2  20 20 1 X L  XC 70  20
i    A tan     1   = 45°
R 100  100 200 10 R 50
22. Answer (4) Since XL > XC, voltage leads current
0 N A i  i0 sin 100t  30  
2
Self-inductance of a solenoid, L  
l
200 2
 LA i sin 100t  30  45 
23. Answer (2) 50 2
Just after closing the switch, the inductors will offer i  4sin 100t  15 A
infinite resistance.
29. Answer (3)
In resonance condition,
VL  VC  0 , VR  iR  
30. Answer (1)
Maximum current can be obtained at 100%
efficiency
 Pinput = Poutput  1000 = 200 × i  i = 5 A
24 31. Answer (3)
Req  
7 A moving electric charge produces both electric
V 7 and magnetic field around it.
i  A
Req 3 32. Answer (2)

24. Answer (3) Coefficient of time  t 

Speed of wave =
Using Lenz’s law, coil 1 will have induced current Coefficient of x
in anticlockwise direction and coil 2 will have 2 
current in clockwise direction.  v 
2k k
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FT-05 CoE-XII

33. Answer (3) 40. Answer (4)

In resister, current and voltage are always in Four equal parts, each part has inductance equal
phase, therefore 8
to  2 H
V = iR 4
VR  i0R sin  t  …(i) L
In parallel combination, Leq =
4

In capacitor, current lead voltage by , therefore 2 1
2  Leq   H
4 2
   
Vc  iX c sin  t    i 0 X c sin   t  41. Answer (4)
 2   2 
E  E0 sin  kx  t 
 i 0 R cos t …(ii)
  2  1010 
In inductor, voltage lead current by , therefore v   107 m/s
2 k 2000
  42. Answer (4)
VL  i 0 X L sin  t  
 2  EM wave does not require material medium
= i 0 R cos t …(iii) for its propagation.
34. Answer (3)  Energy in EM wave is equally distributed in
Among the given options, microwave has the both electric and magnetic field.
maximum wavelength and minimum frequency.  Electric and magnetic fields are in phase.
35. Answer (4)
43. Answer (2)
Charge on the plates of capacitor
Net work done Wnet   KE
q  CV
 10  8  8  KE  KE  10 J
dq dV
i C
dt dt Work done by conservative force WC   U
 i  2  20  10 3
 0.04 A  U   10  U  10 J
36. Answer (3)
Change in total mechanical energy  KE  U
d
  10  10  0
dt
44. Answer (2)
d
0  t T  = Constant and positive
dt
Hence,  is constant and negative
d Bl02
T  t  2T  0 
dt 2
d B0    3l  9B l 2
2
2T  t  3T  = Constant and positive VB  VO     0 …(i)
dt 2 4 32
Hence,  is constant and negative
B0    l  B l 2
2
37. Answer (1) VA  VO     0 …(ii)
VA  2  1 3  6  3  2  VB
2 4 32
9B0 l 2 B0 l 2
VA  2  3  6  6  VB  VA  VB  7 V VB  VO   VA  VO   
32 32
38. Answer (1)
B0 l 2
When a resistor is connected in a circuit it will VB  VA 
dissipate energy. 4
39. Answer (1) 45. Answer (1)
At resonance  XL = XC
  BA    

d  d B  r
2

 Z=R dt dt
Vpeak dr dB
ipeak    B    2r  r 2
R dt dt
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CoE-XII FT-05
2 56. Answer (3)
10 5  10   1 
  2  2        Chloroform and acetone will form solution with
100 100  100   2 
negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
2  3 57. Answer (4)
=   volt
100 2  100 200 11.7% Helium, 56.2% nitrogen and 32.1% oxygen
46. Answer (1) are present in tanks of scuba divers.
 i 58. Answer (3)
  Li  L  Reverse osmosis is used for desalination of sea
t t
water.

 6  1 2  0.3 59. Answer (1)
2  L L  0.12 H
0.3 5 Gases are more soluble in water at low
47. Answer (4) temperature.
Poutput 2  400 60. Answer (2)
  0.8  Ethylene glycol is added to car radiators to prevent
Pinput 100  i
freezing of water as depression of freezing point is
8 observed.
i  10 A
0.8 61. Answer (1)
48. Answer (2) For ideal solution, A-B interactions are same as A-
A interactions and B-B interactions.
1
I 0 E02 c For ideal solution, ΔHmix = 0.
2
62. Answer (2)
1
6   0  E02  3  108
2
62 2  104
= E02  E0 
3  10 0
8
0 i Kb.m = 2 ×Kb.m
49. Answer (1) i = 2 [produces two ions, so, x = 4]
0 L 1 →[CrCl3.4NH3] or [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
Quality factor, Q  Q 
R R 63. Answer (3)
50. Answer (4) Boiling point of azeotropic solutions is always
Since magnetic field lines always form closed constant because the mole fraction in solution as
loops, therefore net magnetic flux through any well as vapour phase are same.
closed surface is zero. Solution showing large negative deviation from
51. Answer (1) Raoult’s law form maximum boiling azeotropes.
Lesser the Henry’s law constant, greater is the 64. Answer (2)
solubility of gas. Mass of urea = 28 g
52. Answer (2) Mass of water = 72 g
The fluid inside the blood cell is equivalent to that
of 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution. Molarity =
53. Answer (2)
Depression in freezing point (ΔT f) is colligative 65. Answer (2)
property not freezing point.
54. Answer (4)
Osmotic pressure is best suited colligative
property for determination of molar mass of
proteins. 1.002=1+𝛼
55. Answer (4) 𝛼=0.002
K4[Fe(CN)6] dissociates in aq. Solution 𝐾𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠.=𝐶𝛼2
=10−2(0.002)2=4×10−8
66. Answer (2)
van't Hoff factor, i = 4 + 1 = 5
Molality does not depend on temperature.
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FT-05 CoE-XII

67. Answer (4) = 0.1768  0.177

Solutions showing positive deviation from Raoult’s So, Tb = 373 + 0.177 = 373.177 K
law forms minimum boiling azeotropes. 76. Answer (4)
68. Answer (2) ΔTb = i×Kb×m … (i)
ΔTf = Kf × molality
and ΔTf = i × Kf×m … (ii)
ΔTf = 5.12 × 0.078
ΔTf = 0.40 K
69. Answer (4)
77. Answer (3)
Solutions having same osmotic pressure at a
given temperature are called isotonic solutions. i 1

70. Answer (1) n 1
m = 0.7 ⇒ 0.70 mol solute for 1000 g water a. AB2  i   n  1  1

 i  0.2  3  1  1  1.4

b. AB  i  0.8  2  1  1  1.8

c. A2B2  i  0.4  4  1  1  2.2

∴ Relative lowering in vapour pressure is 0.0125.
71. Answer (2) d. AB3  i  0.5  4  1  1  2.5
78. Answer (2)
34.2
m  0.1
342  1
72. Answer (1)
ΔTb = Kb.m = 0.52 × 0.1 = 0.052 K
79. Answer (2)

(∵ Kb will be same)
nA = moles of solvent
p° = vapour pressure of pure solvent
ps = vapour pressure of solution

∴ Tb (glucose solution) = 373.15 + 0.32 = 373.47 K

73. Answer (1)
Lower the boiling point, higher will be the vapour
pressure of liquid.
74. Answer (3)
ΔTb = iKbm
For same solvent and equimolal solutions
Tb  i
Compound 
Glucose 1
x = 80 g mol–1
KCl 2 80. Answer (1)
CaCl2 3
CH3COONa 2
75. Answer (2)
ΔTb = iKbm
i   n  1  1  0.8  4  1  1  3.4
 Tb  3.4  0.52  0.1

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CoE-XII FT-05

81. Answer (2) 93. Answer (1)

C6H5–COOH (Benzoic acid)
In benzene
82. Answer (1)
By association number of particles decreases.
83. Answer (3)

84. Answer (3)

When
It is a case of negative deviation and volume of the
solution phase decreases due to increase in
intermolecular force of attraction.
85. Answer (3)

94. Answer (1)

Colligative properties depend on the number of
solute particles irrespective of their nature relative
to the total number of particles present in the
86. Answer (1) solution.
O2 has more solubility than N2 due to more 95. Answer (3)
intermolecular force of attraction. ptotal  p10 x1  p02 x 2
87. Answer (2)
PSol = PHexane + PHeptane  p10 x1  p02 1 x1 

= PHexane xHexane  PHeptane xHeptane

o o
 
 p02  p10  p02 x1

2 3 96. Answer (2)

=  300   180  228 mm of Hg Mass of solute
5 5 Mass percentage =  100
88. Answer (2) Mass of solution
Number of particle increases osmotic pressure  0.5  60 
=
    100  2.9%
also increases.  1000 0.5 60 
89. Answer (4) 97. Answer (2)
Pressure does not have any significant effect on
solubility of solids in liquids.
90. Answer (1)
M1V1=M2V2
200
M2   0.4
500
100×2=M2(100+400)
Molarity = 0.4 M 98. Answer (4)
91. Answer (1) Osmotic pressure () = i  c  R  T
∆Tf = i(Kf × m)  0.5 M CaCl2 (i = 3) will have same osmotic
pressure as 1.5 M glucose (i = 1).
99. Answer (2)

∴ (∆Tf)urea = 0.37°C
92. Answer (4)
KH depends on temperature.

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FT-05 CoE-XII

100. Answer (2) 110. Answer (4)

pH + pOH = 14 ⇒ pH = 2 Whisky, brandy and rum are produced by the
∴ [H+] = 10–2 distillation of fermented broth.
111. Answer (4)
HA ⇌H+ + A–
Lipases are used in detergent formulations and
[H+] = Cα ⇒ 0.05 ×  = 10–2
helpful in removing oily stains.
i = 1 +  ⇒ 1.2
112. Answer (3)
10 2 Cyclosporin A is used as an immunosuppressive
  0.2
5  10 2 agent in organ-transplant patients.
Now, 𝜋 = iCRT 113. Answer (2)
= 1.2 × 0.05 × 0.0821 × 298 = 1.47 atm Acetic acid is used in preparation of vinegar.
101. Answer (3) 114. Answer (2)
Curd is more nutritious than milk as the former Microbes are protozoa, bacteria, fungi,
contains an increased amount of vitamin B12. microscopic animals and plant viruses, viroids and
102. Answer (4) prions.
Large holed Swiss cheese is ripened with the help 115. Answer (1)
of bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii. Toddy – Yeast
103. Answer (4) Baker’s yeast – Saccharomyces
Swelling of dough during bread making is due to Curd – Lactobacillus
activity of enzymes amylase, zymase and Penicillin – Penicillium notatum
maltase.
116. Answer (4)
104. Answer (4)
lac a gene codes for transacetylase which can
Water containing cavities in the vascular bundles
transfer acetyl group to -galactoside.
are characteristic features of monocot stems.
105. Answer (2) 117. Answer (2)
In dicot roots, initiation of lateral roots takes place Severo Ochoa enzyme (polynucleotide
phosphorylase) is helpful in polymerising RNA
in thick walls parenchymatous cells known as
with defined sequences in a template independent
pericycle. manner.
106. Answer (1) 118. Answer (1)
Collenchyma is an elastic, living mechanical Lactose acts as inducer for the expression of lac
tissue. operon.
The intercellular spaces are absent because these 119. Answer (3)
cells are closely packed with each other. At the
DNA fingerprinting is the technique used for
corners of these cells, thickenings of cellulose,
determining nucleotide sequence of certain areas
hemicellulose and pectin develop, which provide
of DNA which are unique to each individual.
the strength to the walls.
107. Answer (1) 120. Answer (1)
In leaves of grasses, certain adaxial epidermal The technique of DNA fingerprinting was
cells along the veins modify themselves into large, developed by Alec Jeffreys.
empty and colourless cells. These are called 121. Answer (4)
bulliform cells. The code is nearly universal.
108. Answer (4) UUU would code for phenylalanine in all organism
Trichomes arise from epidermis. some exception to this rule have been found in
109. Answer (1) mitochondria and protozoa.
Microbes Product 122. Answer (3)
Gene expression result in the formation of
a. Aspergillus niger – Citric acid polypeptide.
b. Acetobacter aceti – Acetic acid Protein synthesis occurs in cytoplasm.
c. Lactobacillus – Lactic acid 123. Answer (4)
d. Clostridium – Butyric acid Less than 2% of human genome codes for
butylicum proteins.

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CoE-XII FT-05

124 Answer (3) Step 3: Formation of polypeptide chain

The process of translation requires the transfer of 138. Answer (4)
genetic information from a polymer of nucleotides In DNA fingerprinting detection of hybridised DNA
to from a polymer of amino acids. fragments by autoradiography.
125. Answer (1)
139. Answer (4)
HGP was closely associated with the rapid
development of a new area in biology called Genetic code is triplet in nature. So, addition or
Bioinformatics. deletion of three adjacent nitrogen bases does not
change the reading frame of mRNA.
126. Answer (3)
140. Answer (3)
Mutations keep on accumulating generation after
generation and form one of the basis of Microsatellites are with the size from 1 to 6 bp
variability/polymorphism. The size of VNTR varies from 0.1 – 20 kb.
127. Answer (1) 141. Answer (4)
If a gene encoding a polypeptide of 60 amino The y gene in E. coli codes for permease which
acids, 30th codon (UAU) is mutated to UAA, then increases permeability of the cell to
the polypeptide will stop translation because UAA -galactosides.
is stop codon. Therefore, the polypeptide with 29 142. Answer (1)
amino acids will be formed.
First antibiotic was Penicillin which was obtained
128. Answer (4) from Penicillium notatum and it belongs to
Amino acids are attached to the 3-end of tRNA. Ascomycetes.
129. Answer (1) 143. Answer (3)
AUG has dual function as it is an initiation codon VNTR stands for Variable Number of Tandem
and also codes for methionine. Repeats.
UGG codes for tryptophan, and it is a non-
144. Answer (3)
degenerate codon.
UUU codes for phenylalanine and UAG is stop One of the goals of Human Genome Project is to
codon. identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes
in human DNA.
130. Answer (2)
Statins have been commercialised as blood- 145. Answer (1)
cholesterol lowering agents. Regulator gene synthesises a regulator protein
Statins are produced by yeast. which can act positively as activator and
131. Answer (2) negatively as repressor.
The first antibiotic penicillin was discovered by 146. Answer (3)
Alexander Fleming while working on SNPs stands for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism.
Staphylococci bacteria. 147. Answer (3)
132. Answer (2)
One of the approaches used in methodologies for
Pectinase and protease help clarifying fruit juices. HGP is that, all genes that are expressed as RNA,
Proteases are the polymers of amino acids. referred to as Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs).
133. Answer (4) 148. Answer (3)
Curd, toddy and cheese are household products.
Streptokinase used as clot buster, is produced by
134. Answer (2) the bacterium Streptococcus.
Butyric acid is used for making rancid butter.
149. Answer (1)
135. Answer (4)
Methionine is coded by AUG and tryptophan is
In the genetic code dictionary, 61 codons are used
coded UGG. AUG and UGG are non-degenerate
to code for all the 20 amino acids.
codon.
136. Answer (1)
150. Answer (2)
Polymorphism in DNA sequence is the basis of
genetic mapping of human genome as well as The UTRs are present at both 5 and 3 ends. They
DNA fingerprinting. are required for efficient translation process.
137. Answer (1) 151. Answer (3)
Correct sequence of translation will be In humans, health is adversely affected by
Step 1: Activation of amino acid infections, genetic disorders and unhealthy
Step 2: Charging of tRNA lifestyle.
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152. Answer (1)
Health does not simply means ‘absence of
disease’ or ‘physical fitness’. It could be defined as
a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being. When people are healthy, they are
more efficient at work. This increases productivity
and brings economic prosperity. Health also
increases longevity of people.
153. Answer (3)
Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular
exercise are very important to maintain good
health. Vaccination (which induce artificial active
immunity), proper disposal of wastes, etc. are
necessary for achieving good health.
154. Answer (4)
Allergy is due to the release of chemicals like
histamine and serotonin from the mast cells. The
use of drugs like anti-histamine, adrenaline
releasing from adrenal medulla and steroids like
cortisol releasing from adrenal cortex quickly
reduce the symptoms of allergy.
155. Answer (4)
Typhoid fever is also called enteric fever which is
caused by a gram-negative bacterium Salmonella
typhi.
Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus
pneumoniae cause pneumonia and Yersinia
pestis causes plague or bubonic plague.
156. Answer (2)
Intestinal perforation and death may occur in
severe cases of typhoid fever. Sustained high
fever (39°C to 40°C), weakness, stomach pain,
constipation, headache and loss of appetite are
some of the common symptoms of typhoid fever.
In severe cases of pneumonia, the lips and finger
nails may turn grey to bluish in colour.
157. Answer (4)
Both pneumonia and common cold spread through
air droplets released by an infected person.
Malaria spread through the bite of an infected
female Anopheles mosquito.
158. Answer (1)
Pneumonia, plague and diphtheria are bacterial
diseases while polio is a viral disease caused by
polio virus.
159. Answer (3)
Haemophilus  Pneumonia
influenza
Plasmodium  Malignant malaria
falciparum
Rhino virus  Common cold
Entamoeba  Amoebiasis
histolytica
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160. Answer (3)
Early Greeks as well as Indian Ayurveda system
of medicine had opinion that persons with
blackbile belonged to hot personality and have
fever. The discovery of blood circulation by William
Harvey using experimental method and the
demonstration of normal body temperature in
persons with blackbile using thermometer
disproved the ‘good humor’ hypothesis of health.
161. Answer (2)
Since children in metro cities of India are provided
with protected environment during their early life,
they become sensitive to the environment.
To determine the cause of allergy, the patient is
exposed to or injected with very small doses of
possible allergens.
IgE is a monomeric antibody molecule hence it
possesses 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains.
These are produced against allergens.
162. Answer (1)
The malarial parasites initially multiply within the
liver cells and then attack the RBCs resulting in
their rupture.
163. Answer (3)
In case of malarial infection, the rupture of RBCs
is associated with release of a toxic substance,
haemozoin, which is responsible for the chills and
high fever recurring every three to four days.
164. Answer (3)
Symptoms listed are of amoebiasis, caused by
Entamoeba histolytica. Houseflies act as
mechanical carriers and serve to transmit the
parasite from faeces of infected person to food
and food products, thereby contaminating them.
165. Answer (2)
Symptoms of ascariasis include blockage of
intestinal passage, internal bleeding, muscular
pain, fever, anemia. Filarial worms cause chronic
inflammation of the organs in which they live for
many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the
lower limbs.
166. Answer (2)
Many fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum,
Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are
responsible for ringworms which is one of the most
infectious diseases in man. Appearance of dry,
scaly lesions on various parts of the body such as
skin, nails and scalp are the main symptoms of this
disease.
167. Answer (1)
Mucus coating of the epithelium lining the
respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts is
the component of physical barriers of innate
immunity.
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168. Answer (1)
Though human heart is autoexcitable, its functions
can be moderated by neural and hormonal
mechanism. Heart failure is the state of heart
when it is not pumping blood effectively enough to
meet the needs of the body. It is sometimes called
congestive heart failure because congestion of the
lungs is one of the main symptoms of this disease.
169. Answer (4)
A clot or coagulum is formed mainly of a network
of threads called fibrins, in which dead and
damaged formed elements of blood are trapped.
170. Answer (2)
Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised
lymphocytes which are responsible for the
immune responses of the body. An elaborated
network of vessels called lymphatic system
collects tissue fluid and drains it back to the major
veins.
171. Answer (2)
Interferons belong to cytokine barriers of innate
immunity. Virus-infected cells secrete proteins
called interferons which protect non-infected cells
from further viral infection.
172. Answer (3)
In a monomeric antibody molecule two heavy
chains and two light chains are present. Two
heavy chains are joined together by two interchain
disulphide bonds.
173. Answer (4)
There are no such vaccines for AIDS.
174. Answer (4)
Thymus and bone marrow are primary lymphoid
organs where immature lymphocytes differentiate
into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes. After
maturation, the lymphocytes migrate to secondary
lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils,
Peyer’s patches of small intestine and appendix.
They provide the sites for interaction of
lymphocytes with the antigen.
175. Answer (4)
The thymus is quite large at the time of birth but
keeps reducing in size with age and by the time
puberty is attained it reduces to a very small size.
Both bone marrow and thymus provide micro-
environments for the development and maturation
of T-lymphocytes.
176. Answer (3)
a. Atherosclerosis  It is caused by deposits of
calcium, fat, cholesterol, etc.
b. Heart attack  When the heart muscle is
suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood
supply
c. Angina  A symptom of acute chest pain
appears when no enough oxygen is reaching
the heart muscle
d. Cardiac arrest  When the heart stops beating
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177. Answer (3)
A neural centre in the medulla oblongata can
moderate the cardiac functions through ANS.
Sympathetic neural signals can increase the rate
of heart beat, the strength of ventricular
contraction and thereby the cardiac output.
Parasympathetic neural signals decrease the rate
of heart beat, speed of conduction of action
potentials and thereby the cardiac output. Adrenal
medullary hormones can also increase the cardiac
output.
178. Answer (3)
The antigen binding site is present in the variable
region of both heavy and light chains at
N-terminal.
179. Answer (2)
The yellowish fluid colostrum secreted by mother
during the initial days of lactation has abundant
antibodies(IgA) to protect the infant. This type of
immunity is called passive immunity.
180. Answer (2)
In case of auto-immunity, the body attacks self-
cells. This results in the damage to the body.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease,
in which immune system attacks self-cells.
181. Answer (3)
In case of snakebites, the injection given to the
patients contain preformed antibodies against the
snake venom. This type of immunisation is called
passive immunisation.
182. Answer (2)
The primary immune response against a pathogen
is of low intensity. Subsequent encounter with the
same pathogen elicits a highly intensified
secondary or anamnestic response. The
T-lymphocytes produce cell-mediated immune
response while B-lymphocytes produce humoral
immune response.
183. Answer (4)
When our body encounters a pathogen for the first
time, it produces a response called primary
response which is of low intensity. Subsequent
encounter with the same pathogen elicits a highly
intensified secondary or anamnestic response.
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184. Answer (4)
Foetus receives some antibodies from their
mother through placenta. It is an example of
natural passive immunity.
185. Answer (1)
For diseases like malaria and filariasis which are
transmitted through insect vectors, the most
important measure is to control or eliminate the
vectors and their breeding places. This can be
achieved by avoiding stagnation of water in and
around residential areas, regular cleaning of
household coolers, spraying of insecticides,
introducing fishes like Gambusia in ponds that
feed on mosquito larvae, etc.
186. Answer (2)
Anti-tetanus serum provides passive immunity as
it contains ready-made antibodies.
187. Answer (1)
Haemophilus influenzae is responsible for
pneumonia in humans which infects the alveoli of
the lungs. In common cold, only nose and
respiratory passage is affected, not the lungs.
188. Answer (3)
A healthy person acquires the infection of polio
through contaminated food and water.
189. Answer (3)
Pathogens have to adapt life within the
environment of the host. The pathogen that enters
the gut must know a way of surviving in the
stomach at low pH and resisting the various
digestive enzymes.
190. Answer (2)
Tissue and blood group matching are essential
before undertaking any graft/transplant and even
after this the patient has to take immuno-
suppressants all his/her life. The body is able to
differentiate ‘self’ and ‘non-self’ and the cell-
mediated immune response is mainly responsible
for the graft rejection.
191. Answer (4)
The substances to which exaggerated response of
the immune system is produced are called
allergens. The antibodies produced against these
allergens are of IgE type. Tonsils are secondary
lymphoid organs. Primary lymphoid organs (bone
marrow and thymus) are sites of differentiation of
immature lymphocytes into antigen-sensitive
lymphocytes.
192. Answer (3)
Spleen is a large bean-shaped organ. It is a
secondary lymphoid organ that provides site for
interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen. It has
a large reservoir of erythrocytes.
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193. Answer (1)
Lymph nodes serve to trap the micro-organisms or
antigens, which happen to get into the lymph and
tissue fluid. Lymph nodes are small solid
structures located at different points along the
lymphatic system.
194. Answer (2)
Immature T-lymphocytes mature in primary
lymphoid organ (thymus). They proliferate and
differentiate to become effector cell in secondary
lymphoid organs/tissues, e.g. spleen. Thyroid
gland is an endocrine gland.
195. Answer (1)
The yellowish fluid colostrum secreted by mother
during initial days of lactation has abundant IgA
antibody. It provides passive immunity.
196. Answer (2)
Vaccines produced using recombinant DNA
technology allow large scale production and hence
greater availability for immunisation, e.g. hepatitis-
B vaccine produced from yeast.
197. Answer (1)
Vaccine for tuberculosis contains harmless
bacteria and that of diphtheria contains inactivated
toxin.
198. Answer (2)
Structure marked ‘A’ is thymus.
199. Answer (3)
Immuno-suppressants are given during organ
transplantation to suppress cell-mediated
immunity to avoid the chance of graft rejection.
200. Answer (4)
When an infected female Anopheles bites a
healthy person, sporozoites of Plasmodium enter
in human body. The female Anopheles mosquito
takes up gametocytes of Plasmodium with blood
meal from an infected person.