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14. (a) The animals drawn below all have backbones.

amphibian bird mammal fish

not to scale

(i) What word describes animals with a backbone?

14ai

1 mark

(ii) There are five groups of animals with a backbone. Only four groups
are shown above.
Give the name of the missing group.
14aii

1 mark

(b) The drawing below shows the human backbone. It is made up of a

number of small bones.

Why is it an advantage that the backbone is made of a number of small

bones rather than one long bone?

14b

1 mark

KS3/04/Sc/Tier 3–6/P2 28
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(c) The drawing below shows two small bones from the backbone.

small bone

cartilage

small bone

Between the small bones there is a material called cartilage.

Cartilage is softer than bone.
Give one advantage of having a softer material between the bones.

14c

1 mark

(d) The diagram below shows the bones and two muscles of an arm.

shoulder
blade

biceps
triceps

The biceps and triceps are muscles which raise and lower the forearm.
What happens to the biceps and triceps to raise the forearm?

the biceps
14d
the triceps
1 mark

maximum 5 marks
Total
KS3/04/Sc/Tier 3–6/P2 29