Design of Isolated Footing

‫األساسات الضحلة‬
‫القواعد المنفصلة‬
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
ISOLATED FOOTINGS
1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 1

Foundations
Foundations are usually divided into:
:‫تنقسم األساسات عادة إلى‬
1) Shallow Foundations are used when the top layers of
soil can support the applied loads with accepted
settlement. They can take any form of the followings:
‫ ويتم استخدامها عندما تكون طبقات التربة العلوية‬:‫) أساسات ضحلة‬1
‫قادرة على تحمل األحمال الواقعة عليها من المنشأ بأمان وبقيم مقبولة‬
:‫ ومن أنواعها‬،‫للهبوط‬
- Spread (isolated) Footing, - Combined Footing,
- Strap – Beam Footing - Wall Footing,
- Strip Footing, - Raft Foundation.
‫ قواعد الحوائط‬- ‫ القواعد المشتركة‬- ‫ القواعد المنفصلة‬-
‫ أساسات اللبشة‬- ‫ القواعد الشريطية‬- ‫ الشدادات‬-
Foundations
2) Deep Foundations are used if the top soil is
weak and can not support the structure loads.
They used to transmit the loads to the stronger
deeper soil layers. Forms of deep foundations are
piles, pillars, caissons, and Alexandria Wells
….etc.
‫ وتستخدم عندما تكون طبقات التربة القريبة‬:‫) األساسات العميقة‬2
.‫من سطح األرض ضعيفة أو ال تستطيع تحمل أحمال المنشأ‬
‫وتستخدم األساسات العميقة لنقل األحمال إلى طبقات التربة القوية‬
– ‫ الخوازيق – الدعائم‬:‫ ومن أنواعها‬.‫التى تستطيع تحملها‬
.‫القيسونات – اآلبار االسكندرانى‬
Foundation Safety
Foundations should be safe against:
1- Shear failure in soil.
2- Excessive total or differential settlements.
3- Depression settlement due to excessive
dewatering.
4- Uplift during construction due to high
G.W.T.
5- Sliding or overturning due to large
horizontal loads.

‫أمان األساسات‬
‫يجب أن يتم تصميم وتنفيذ األساسات لكى تكون آمنة لكل من‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬إنهيار بالقص فى التربة أسفل األساسات‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬هبوط كلى أو متفاوت كبير‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬هبوط نتيجة سحب المياه بكميات كبيرة من أسفل المنشأ‬
‫القائم ألعمال المنشآت المجاورة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬دفع األساسات ألعلى نتيجة إرتفاع منسوب المياه الجوفية‬
‫وذلك أثناء تنفيذ األساسات (وزن األساسات المنفذة أقل من‬
‫ضغط المياه من أسفل إلى أعلى)‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اإلنزالق أو االنقالب نتيجة وجود قوى أفقية كبيرة‪.‬‬
‫‪1 February 2014‬‬ ‫‪Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫أمان األساسات – إنهيار بالقص‬

- ‫أمان األساسات‬
+ ‫هبوط كلى كبير‬
‫هبوط متفاوت‬

‫ هبوط متفاوت‬- ‫أمان األساسات‬

‫ إنقالب‬- ‫أمان األساسات‬

‫ إنزالق‬- ‫أمان األساسات‬

Types of Shallow
Foundations
‫أنواع األساسات الضحلة‬
Wall Footing Wall

‫قواعد الحوائط‬
Reinforced Concrete
Plain Concrete
Isolated
Footing P
‫القواعد المنفصلة‬
Reinforced Concrete
Plain Concrete
Types of Shallow Foundations
‫أنواع القواعد الضحلة‬

Combined Footing Pb
‫القواعد المشتركة‬
Pa
Reinforced Concrete
Plain Concrete
Pd
Strip Footing
‫القواعد الشريطية‬ Pc
Pb
Pa
R.C.
1 February 2014
P. C.
Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 15
Pa Strap Beam Pb
‫الشداد لربط عمود الجار‬

Strap Beam
‫قاعدة جار‬
a Strap Beam b
‫محور محور محور‬

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb ‫العمود المسلحة العادية‬ 16
‫ اللبشة المسلحة‬- Raft Foundation

Pile Foundations
‫الخوازيق‬
Very Large Concentrated
Large Distributed Weight
Weight
Low
Weight
Soft to
Firm Clay
Dense Sand
1 February 2014 Strong Rock
Selection of Type of Foundations
Approximate Loads of Structures:
Residential and Housing, 1.0 up to 1.2 t/m2 per floor
Commercial and Office, 1.2 up to 1.5 t/m2 per floor
Schools and Hospitals, 1.5 to 2.0 t/m2 per floor
These loads are multiplied by the number of floors,
then divided by the foundation area to determine the
soil stresses, then the type of foundation.
Three options will be available:
1- Stress on soil < qall soil, R.C foundation area ≤ 2/3
foundation area  Isolated footings.
2- Stress on soil < qall soil, R.C foundation area > 2/3
foundation area  Raft foundation.
3- Stress on soil > qall soil  Pile foundation.
‫إختيار نوع األساسات‬
‫األحمال التقريبية ألنواع المنشآت المختلفة‪:‬‬
‫أحمال المبانى السكنية = ‪ 1.0‬إلى ‪ 1.2‬طن‪/‬م‪ 2‬لكل دور‬
‫أحمال المبانى اإلدارية = ‪ 1.2‬إلى ‪ 1.5‬طن‪/‬م‪ 2‬لكل دور‬
‫أحمال المدارس والمستشفيات = ‪ 1.5‬إلى ‪ 2.0‬طن‪/‬م‪ 2‬لكل دور‬
‫يتم إيجاد حاصل ضرب عدد األدوار فى حمل الدور الواحد للحصول على‬
‫الحمل الكلى للمنشأ ثم يقسم الناتج على مساحة األساسات للحصول على‬
‫اإلجهاد الواقع على التربة‪ .‬وفى هذه الحالة توجد ثالثة إحتماالت‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬إجهاد المنشأ على التربة < قدرة تحمل التربة ومساحة القواعد‬
‫المسلحة ≤ ‪ 3/2‬مساحة األساسات ‪ ‬قواعد منفصلة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬إجهاد المنشأ على التربة < قدرة تحمل التربة ومساحة القواعد‬
‫المسلحة > ‪ 3/2‬مساحة األساسات ‪ ‬لبشة مسلحة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬إجهاد المنشأ على التربة > قدرة تحمل التربة ‪ ‬خوازيق‪.‬‬
‫‪1 February 2014‬‬ ‫‪Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
DESIGN OF ISOLATED
FOOTINGS
‫تصميم القواعد المنفصلة‬

Working Stress Design Procedure of
Data:
Isolated Footing
Pc : Column load at ground surface,
‫حمل العمود عند سطح األرض‬
a, b : Dimensions of column,
)‫أبعاد العمود (طول وعرض‬
B/C of soil: qall or qall net at foundation level.
‫قدرة تحمل التربة المسموح بها عند منسوب التأسيس‬
Footing Design Procedure
-Load P at the foundation level is 1.10 x Pc
،(Pc) ‫ × حمل العمود‬1.1 = (P) ‫الحمل عند منسوب التأسيس‬-
‫ من حمل العمود تكافئ وزن القاعدة‬0.10 ‫ حيث‬-
Design of Plain Concrete Footing
‫تصميم قاعدة الخرسانة العادية‬
- Area of plain concrete, ‫مساحة الخرسانة العادية‬
Ap.c. = P / qall = Lp.c. x Bp.c.
:‫حيث‬
‫ طول القاعدة العادية‬Lp.c. ‫ مساحة القاعدة العادية‬Ap.c.
‫ عرض القاعدة العادية‬Bp.c.
Footing Design Procedure
a-b ‫ طول العمود‬a ‫حيث‬
Lp .c .  Ap.c.  ‫ عرض العمود‬b
2
a-b ‫ ألقرب‬Bp.c. ‫ و‬Lp.c. ‫يتم تقريب‬
B p .c .  Ap.c. - ‫ سم بالزيادة‬5
2
Plain Concrete Thickness ‫تخانة الخرسانة العادية‬
- t p.c. = 30 cm if P < 40 ton
- t p.c. = 40 cm if P > 40 ton
- Projection distance, x1 = 0.80 – 1.00 tp.c.
‫ تخانة العادية‬1 ‫ إلى‬0.8 = x1 ‫رفرفة الخرسانة العادية عن المسلحة‬
LP.C.
Plain Concrete
Thickness LR.C.
1.0 m BR.C.
-Upward Force on P.C.:

F = 1.0* x * qall soil
2
- Moment = F * x/2 x Z P .C . 
1.0 * t P .C .
6.0
M P.C. x2
t   4.0 kg/cm 2  t  4.0  qall soil *
6
Z P.C. 2 2
t P.C.
2
x t P.C. 3
M P .C .  qall soil *  qall soil
2.0 x 4
Plain Concrete Thickness
- x is the plain concrete projection

‫ رفرفة الخرسانة العادية عن المسلحة‬-
- t is the plain concrete thickness, ‫تخانة العادية‬
- Reinforced Concrete Dimensions:
:‫أبعاد الخرسانة المسلحة‬
LR.C. = Lp.c. – 2 x ‫طول الخرسانة المسلحة‬
BR.C. = Bp.c. – 2 x ‫عرض الخرسانة المسلحة‬
- Reinforced Concrete Footing Area:

:‫مساحة قاعدة الخرسانة المسلحة‬
AR.C. = LR.C. * BR.C.
- Contact Pressure (fn):

P :‫ضغط التالمس بين العادية والمسلحة‬
fn  c
AR.C.
Lp.c.
LR.c.
P

Isolated Footing P
Column
R.C. Footing
P.C. Footing
LP.C.
LR.C.
BP.C. BR.C.
b
a
Design for Moment P I
Pc
fn 
AR .C .
x1 
 LR .C . - a 
2 fn
x LR.C.
MI-I = fn x1 BR.C. 1
M II 2
d  k1 a BR.C.
BR .C . b I
M II
As 
k2 d
1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb x1 32
Design for Shear P
P
fn 
AR .C .
LR.C . - a - d d
x2  d/2
2 fn
Qsh = fn x2 BR.C. LR.C.
Check of Shear: a d/2

b BR.C.
Qsh
qsh   6 kg/cm 2
BR.C. d
1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb
x2 33
Check of Punching P
P
fn  d/2 d/2
A
Punching Section Area:
bp = 2 [(a+d) + (b+d)]
fn fn
Qp = fn [LR.C. BR.C. – (a+d) * (b+d)]
LR.C.
Check of Punching:
d/2
qp 
Qp
 8 kg/cm 2 BR.C.
bp d d/2
Check of Bond P I
Qb
qb 
0.87 * d *  O
Qb = fn x1 BR.C.
So ‫مجموع محيطات األسياخ‬ fn
Allowable Bond Stress: LR.C.
qb ≤ 11.0 kg/cm2 for plain bars
Deformed Bars: a BR.C.
qb ≤ 25 kg/cm2 for fc 250 kg/cm2 b I
qb ≤ 27 kg/cm2 for fc 300 kg/cm2
qb ≤ 29 kg/cm2 for fc 350 kg/cm2
According to British Standards
Example
Design an isolated footing to support a
column load of 122 ton, knowing that the
soil allowable bearing capacity, qall = 1.25
kg/cm2, (12.50 t/m2 = 125 kN/m2) and the
column dimensions are 80 * 25 cm.

Solution
- P at F.L. = 1.10 x Pc = 122.0 x 1.10 = 134.2 ton
(Pc) ‫ × حمل العمود‬1.1 = (P) ‫الحمل عند منسوب التأسيس‬-
Ap.c. = P / qall = 134.2 / 12.5 = 10.74 m2
a-b 0.8 - 0.25
Lp .c .  Ap.c.   10.74   3.55  3.60 m
2 2
a -b 0.8 - 0.25
B p .c .  Ap.c. -  10.74 -  3.00 m
2 2
P > 40 ton, then t p.c. = 40 cm
-Projection distance, x = 0.80 – 1.00 tp.c.

- x = tp.c. = 0.40 m = 40 cm
LR.C. = Lp.c. – 2 x = 3.60 – 2 * 0.40 = 2.80 m
BR.C. = Bp.c. – 2 x = 3.00 – 2 * 0.40 = 2.20 m
AR.C. = 2.80 * 2.40 = 6.16 m2

- Contact Pressure (fn): ‫ضغط التالمس بين العادية والمسلحة‬
Pc 122.0
fn    19.81 t/m 2
AR.C. 6.16
Critical Section for Moment (Section I-I)
x1 
 LR .C . - a  2.80 - 0.80 
  1.00 m
2 2
x1 1.0
M I  I  f n x1 BR.C.  19.81 * 1.0 * 2.20 *
2 2
MI-I = 21.79 t.m
M II 21.79 * 10 5
d  k1  0.361  35.93 cm
BR .C . 220
I
Take d = 55 cm, and t = 60 cm
5
M I  I 21.79 * 10
As    31.12 cm 2
k2 d 1273 * 55
As = 16 f16 = 8 f16 /m' LR.C.
a BR.C.
b I

Critical Section for Moment (Section II-II)
y1 
 BR .C . - b  2.20 - 0.25 
  0.98 m
2 2
y1 0.98
M II  II  f n y1 LR.C.  19.81 * 0.98 * 2.80 *
2 2
LR.C.
MII-II = 26.64 t.m y1
II II
b BR.C.
a
5
M II  II 26.64 * 10
d  k1  0.361  35.21 cm
LR .C . 280
Take d = 55 cm, and t = 60 cm

5
M II  II 26.64 * 10
As    38.05 cm 2
k2 d 1273 * 55
As = 19 f16 = 7 f16 /m'

Isolated Footing
Reinforcement
‫تسليح القواعد‬
‫المنفصلة‬ 7 f16 /m'
8 f16 /m'
‫الحديد الرئيسى‬
‫الحديد‬
b ‫الثانوى‬
a
Check of Shear ‫اختبار القص‬
LR .C . - a - d 2.80 - 0.80 - 0.55
x2    0.73 m
2 2
Qsh = fn * x2 * BR.C. = 19.81 * 0.73 * 2.20
= 31.81 t
Qsh 31.81 * 1000
qsh    2.62 kg/cm 2
BR . C . d 220 * 55
qsh = 2.62 kg/cm2 < 6.0 kg/cm2 O.K.

Check of Punching ‫اختبار االختراق‬
Punching Perimeter ‫المحيط المؤثر لالختراق‬:
bp = 2[(a + d)+ (b + d)]
= 2[(0.80+0.55)+(0.25+0.55)]= 4.30 m
Qp = fn [LR.C. * BR.C. – (a+d)* (b+d)]
= 19.81 [2.8 * 2.2 – 1.08] = 100.63 ton
Qp
100.63 * 1000
qp    4.25 kg/cm 2  8 kg/cm 2
bp d 430 * 55

Check of Bond ‫اختبار الربط بين الخرسانة واألسياخ‬
Qb = 19.81 * 1.0 * 2.20 = 43.58 ton
So = 16 * 5.03 = 80.48 cm
Qb 43.58 * 1000
qb    11.83 kg/cm 2
0.87 d  o 0.87 * 55 * 80.48
11.83 kg/cm2 < 25.0 kg/cm2 (for deformed bars)

O.K.

FOUNDATION DESIGN USING
ULTIMATE STRENGTH
‫تصميم األساسات بطريقة أقصى قوة للمواد‬

Design procedure
- P at F.L. = 1.10 x Pc
Ap.c. = P / qall
a-b a -b
Lp .c .  Ap.c.  B p .c .  Ap.c. -
2 2
Assume t p.c., then get the projection distance x
‫يتم فرض تخانة الخرسانة العادية ثم حساب رفرفة العادية عن‬
‫المسلحة‬
LR.C. = Lp.c. – 2 x
BR.C. = Bp.c. – 2 x
AR.C. = LR.C. * BR.C.
R.C. Footing Design ‫تصميم القاعدة المسلحة‬
Pcu = 1.4 * PD.L. + 1.6 * PL.L.
OR: Pcu = 1.5 * (PD.L. + PL.L.) = 1.5 * Pt
if the total column load is given
Pcu
- Ultimate Contact Pressure: f un 
AR.C.
Flexural Design P I
Critical Section for Moment
Long Direction
1.4 PD.L.  1.60 PL.L.
f un 
AR.C.
M u / m'  f un
LR.C . - a  2
* 1.0
8
fun
LR.C.
x1 
 LR .C . - a 
2 a 1.0
x1 b I
M u / m'  f un * x1 *
2
1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb x 50
Flexural Design
M u / m'  f un
LR.C . - a  2
* 1.0
8
Mu
R 2  to be obtained
f cu * bs * d
f cu from Chart with
As   * * bs * d R Value
fy
0.60
As min  bs d, Units in N/mm , mm 2
fy
 – R Chart

Flexural Design
Critical Section for Moment Short Direction
1.4 PD.L.  1.60 PL.L.
f un 
AR.C.
M u / m'  f un
 BR .C . - b  2
* 1.0
8
1.0
y1 
 BR . C . - b 
y1
2
BR.C.
As min 
0.60
bs d b
fy a
Units in N/mm 2
, mm LR.C.
Check of Shear
x2 
 LR .C . - a - d  P
d/2
2
Qsh = fun * x2 * BR.C. d
Check of Shear:
Qsh LR.C. fun
qu   qcu
BR.C. * d
Allowable Shear a d/2
f cu b BR.C
qcu  0.16
c
f cu in N/mm 2 c = 1.50 x2
Check of Punching P
bpunch = 2 [(a+d) + (b+d)] d/2 d/2
d/2
ap = (a+d)
bp = (b+d) fun
fun
Qp = fun [LR.C. BR.C. – ap * bp ]
LR.C.
Check of Punching: ap
d/2
Qup BR.C.
qup   qcup bp
b punch * d d/2
Check of Punching
f cu
qcup  0.316  1.6 N/mm 2
c
 bc  f cu
 0.316  0.50  
bc
qcup
 ac   c ac
  d  f cu
qcup  0.80  0.20  
 b  
 punch  c
qcup is taken the minimum value of the

above three equations,  = 2, 3, 4 for
corner, exterior, and interior columns
Example
Design an isolated footing to support a column
load of 122.0 ton (unfactored 78.0 ton dead,
and 44.0 ton live loads), the soil allowable
bearing capacity, qall = 1.25 kg/m2, (12.50 t/m2
= 125.0 kN/m2) and the column dimensions are
80 * 25 cm. Design using the ultimate strength
method, knowing that:
fcu = 30 N/mm2 = 300 kg/cm2 (for R.C.).
fcu = 20 N/mm2 = 200 kg/cm2 (for P.C.).
fy = 360 N/mm2 (for steel reinforcement).
Solution
- P at F.L. = 1.10 x Pc = 122 x 1.10 = 134.20 ton
Ap.c. = P / qall = 134.20 / 12.5 = 10.74 m2
a -b 0.8 - 0.25
Lp .c .  Ap.c.   10.74   3.55 m
2 2
a -b 0.8 - 0.25
B p .c .  Ap.c. -  10.74 -  3.00 m
2 2
Assume t p.c. = 35 cm
-Projection distance, x = 0.80 – 1.00 tp.c.

- x = tp.c. = 0.35 m = 35 cm
LR.C. = Lp.c. – 2 x = 3.55 – 2 * 0.35 = 2.85 m
BR.C. = Bp.c. – 2 x = 3.00 – 2 * 0.35 = 2.30 m
AR.C. = 2.85 * 2.30 = 6.56 m2

R.C. Footing Design ‫تصميم القاعدة المسلحة‬
Pcu = 1.4 * PD.L. + 1.6 * PL.L.
OR: Pcu = 1.5 * (PD.L. + PL.L.) = 1.5 * Pt if the
total column load is given
Pcu = 1.4 * 78.0 + 1.6 * 44.0 = 179.6 ton
- Ultimate Contract Pressure:
Pcu 179.60
f un    27.38 t/m 2  27.40 t/m 2
AR.C. 6.56

Flexural Design P I
Critical Section for Moment
Long Direction
x1 
 LR .C . - a 
2
x1 
2.85 - 0.80 
 1.03 m fun
2 LR.C.
2
x * 1.0
M u / m'  f un * 1
2 a 1.0
M u / m'  27.40 *
2
1.03 * 1.0 b I
2
 14.53 m.t/m'
1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb x 61
Flexural Design
Mu
R 2 From Chart, for R
f cu * bs * d
5 = 0.016,  = 0.02
14.53 * 10
R 2
 0.016
300 * 100 * 55
A = 9.17 cm 2
f cu
As   *
s
* bs * d
fy As = 5f16 /m'
30
As  0.02 * * 1000 * 550  917 mm 2
360
0.6 0.6
As min  bs d  * 1000 * 550  917 mm 2
fy 360
Flexural Design
Critical Section for Moment in Short Direction
y1 
2.30 - 0.25 
 1.03 2
2 1.03 * 1.0
M u / m'  27.40 *
2 2
y * 1.0
M u / m'  f un 1
 14.53 m.t/m'
2
1.0
y1
To be taken the
BR.C.
same as the b
long direction a
LR.C.
Check of Shear
P
x2 
 LR .C . - a - d  d/2
2
2.85 - 0.80 - 0.55 
x2 
2
 0.75 m d
Qsh = 27.4* 0.75 * 2.30
= 47.27 ton LR.C. fun
Check of Shear:
Qsh a d/2
qu   qcu b BR.C
BR.C. * d
47.27 * 1000
qu   3.74 kg/cm 2
230 * 55
1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb
x2 64
Check of Shear
Allowable Shear
f cu
qcu  0.16
c c = 1.50
30
qcu  0.16  0.72 N/mm 2
1.50
 7.20 kg/cm 2
qu (3.74 kg/cm2)
< qcu (7.20 kg/cm2) O.K.

Check of Punching P
ap = (a+d) = 0.80 + 0.55 = 1.35 m
bp = (b+d) = 0.25 + 0.55 = 0.80 m d/2 d/2
d/2
bpunch = 2 [(a+d) + (b+d)]
bpunch = 2 [(1.35) + (0.80)] fun fun
= 4.30 m
LR.C.
Qp=fun [LR.C. BR.C. –ap*bp ] ap
Qp= 27.4*[ 2.85*2.30 – d/2
BR.C. bp
1.35*0.8 ] = 150.02 t d/2
Check of Punching
f cu 30
qcup  0.316  0.316  1.41  1.6 N/mm 2
c 1.5
 ap  f cu
qcup  0.316  0.50  
 b  c
 p 
 0.25  30
qcup  0.316  0.50    1.15 N/mm 2
 0.80  1.5
  d  f cu
qcup  0.80  0.20  
 b  c
 p 
 4 * 0.55  30.0
qcup  0.80  0.20    2.55 N/mm 2
1 February 2014
 4.30  1.50
Check of Punching
Qup
150.02 * 1000
qup    6.34 kg/cm 2
b punch * d 430 * 55
qup (6.34 kg/cm2) < qcup 14.10 kg/cm2 ) O.K.
1.0 kg/cm2 = 10.0 t/m2 = 100 kN/m2

1.0 kg/cm2 = 0.10 N/mm2 = 0.10 MN/m2

Check of Development Length
Ld = 60f for deformed high grade bars
Ld = 60*1.6 = 96 cm
x1 = y1 = 103 cm > Ld O.K. ‫سيخ‬
‫حديد‬
‫العمود‬ ‫الداير‬
‫أشاير العمود‬
‫المسلحة‬
5 f16 /m' ‫العادية‬

5 f16 /m'
‫حديد العمود‬ ‫الكانات‬

Shallow Foundations, Part 1
Prepared by:
Tarek Nageeb Salem
Professor of Soil Mechanics and

Foundations, Zagazig University
1 February 2014 Site Investigation, Tarek Nageeb 70

Design of Isolated Footing

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‫األساسات الضحلة‬

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 1

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 4

‫‪1 February 2014‬‬ ‫‪Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 6

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 7

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 8

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 9

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 10

Wall Footing Wall

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 13

‫الشداد لربط عمود الجار‬

‫محور محور محور‬

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 18

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 23

-Upward Force on P.C.:

- x is the plain concrete projection

- Reinforced Concrete Footing Area:

- Contact Pressure (fn):

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 30

Check of Shear: a d/2

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 36

-Projection distance, x = 0.80 – 1.00 tp.c.

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 38

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb x1 40

Take d = 55 cm, and t = 60 cm

As = 19 f16 = 7 f16 /m'

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 42

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 44

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 45

11.83 kg/cm2 < 25.0 kg/cm2 (for deformed bars)

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 46

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 47

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 52

qcup is taken the minimum value of the

-Projection distance, x = 0.80 – 1.00 tp.c.

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 59

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 60

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 65

1.0 kg/cm2 = 10.0 t/m2 = 100 kN/m2

1 February 2014 Shallow Foundations, P1, Tarek Nageeb 68

5 f16 /m' ‫العادية‬

‫حديد العمود‬ ‫الكانات‬

Tarek Nageeb Salem

Professor of Soil Mechanics and

1 February 2014 Site Investigation, Tarek Nageeb 70

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