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301020004
301020004
भाग ४ क
F Imbrb {MÌo nmhÿZ ˶mVrb ^m¡{‘{VH$ AmH¥$Ë`m AmoiIm d H$mT>m. Ë`m§Mr Zmdo {bhm.
{MÌo
AmH¥$Vr
F darb {MÌmVrb {ÌH$moU, dVw©io, Mm¡H$moZ AmoiIm. {ÌH$moU bmb, Mm¡H$moZ {Ziçm d dVw©io
{ndiçm a§JmZo a§Jdm.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : nwR²>R>çmMo da {Xbobo d BVahr AZoH$ doJdoJio AmH$ma H$mnyZ Q>o~bmda R>odmdo. ˶m§Mo {ÌH$moU, Am`V,
Mm¡ag d dVw©i Ago dJuH$aU H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. `m§n¡H$s H$mhr AmH$mam§Mo darb àH$mam§V dJuH$aU hmoUma
Zmhr, ho {dXçmÏ`mªÀ¶m bjmV AmUyZ Xçmdo.
1
H$S>m d H$monao
~\$s©Mm VwH$S>m nmhm.
~\$uMm VwH$S>m Mm¡H$moZr Amho.
Mm¡H$moZmbm Mma H$S>m d Mma H$monao AgVmV.
n Am`V
n Mm¡ag
é_mbmMo {ZarjU H$ê$.
hm Mm¡ag Amho.
F Mm¡agmbm H$S>m d H$monao {H$Vr ?
é‘mbmMr AmS>dr d C^r KS>r KmbyZ g‘moamg‘moaÀ¶m H$S>m
g‘mZ bm§~rÀ¶m AmhoV H$m Vo nmhm.
AmVm é_mbmMo g_moamg_moarb H$monao EH$_oH$m§er OwiVmV H$m,
ho nmhʶmgmR>r Aer KS>r Kmby.
H$monao OwiVmV d bJVÀ`m H$S>mhr EH$_oH$s§er OwiVmV.
AmVm é_mbmMr nwÝhm KS>r Kmbm. gd© H$S>m EH$‘oH$s¨er OwiVmV.
2
Mm¡agmÀ`m Mmahr H$S>m g_mZ bm§~rÀ`m AgVmV.
é‘mbmMr KS>r KmVë¶mda {ÌH$moU {‘imbm, ho bjmV ¿¶m.
n {ÌH$moU
F {ÌH$moUmbm H$S>m {H$Vr ? H$monao {H$Vr ?
n[agamV Amnë¶mbm hm AmH$ma Hw$R>o Hw$R>o {XgVmo, Vo emoYm.
H$mS>çm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z Imbrb AmH$ma V`ma H$am.
Mm¡H$moZ , Am`V , Mm¡ag , {ÌH$moU.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : a§JrV H$mJXmMo Am¶V, Mm¡ag, {ÌH$moU ¶m AmH$mam§Mo VwH$S>o H$mnyZ R>odmdo. ˶m§Mo JwUY‘© {dXçm϶mªZm
Vnmgʶmg gm§Jmdo. dVw©imMr H$S> hr dH«$mH$ma AgVo d dVw©imbm H$monao ZgVmV, ho {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m
bjmV AmUyZ Xçmdo.
3
n nmM VwH$S>çm§Mm Q>°ZJ«°_ V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nX²YV
EH$ Mm¡agmH¥$Vr H$mJX ¿`m.
Ë`m H$mJXmbm KS>çm KmbyZ Mm¡agmMm _Ü` emoYm. VgoM Mmahr
H$S>m§À¶m _Ü`q~Xÿ§da IwUm H$am. AmH¥$VrV XmIdë`mà_mUo aoKm
H$mTy>Z Mm¡agmMm _Ü` d H$S>m§Mo _Ü` OmoS>m.
AmH¥$VrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo aoKm§da H$mnyZ nmM VwH$S>o V`ma H$am. 1 2
3
n eoOmarb Q>°ZJ«°_Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao emoYm. 5 4
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {dXçmÏ`mªZm XmoarÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo dVw©i, Am`V, Mm¡ag, {ÌH$moU ho AmH$ma H$am¶bm gm§Jmdo.
doJdoJio Q>°ZJ«°‘ {‘idyZ ˶m§nmgyZ doJdoJiçm AmH¥$˶m V¶ma H$aʶmg {dXçm϶mªZm àmoËgmhZ Xçmdo.
4
g§»`mkmZ
VmB© : Vw‘Mo à˶oH$mMo åhUUo ~amo~a Amho. VrM g§»¶m à˶oH$mZo doJdoJiçm àH$mamZo
gm§{JVbr. eVH$ åhUOo e§^a EH$H$ qH$dm ZwgVo e§^a, Xhm XeH$ åhUOo e§^a, eoH$S>m
åhUOo e§^a Am{U EH$eo åhUOo XoIrb e§^a.
XeH$ H$mS>çm
åhUOo 1 eVH$ H$mS>çm.
20 én¶m§À¶m 5 ZmoQ>m
åhUOo én`o,
åhUOo 1 eVH$ én`o.
6
nyU© eVH$
9 _Ur Am{U 1 _Ur {_iyZ 10 _Ur.
10 dñVy§Mm g_yh åhUOo EH$ XeH$.
XE 99 hr XmoZ A§H$s gdmªV _moR>r g§»`m
99 Amho. {VÀ¶mV 1 {_idë¶mda 100
+ 1 hr VrZ A§H$s g§»`m V`ma Pmbr.
1 0 0
100 ¶m VrZ A§H$s g§»¶oV XeH$mÀ¶m S>mdrH$S>o ZdrZ ñWmZ eVH$mMo Amho.
100 åhUOo e X E 100 hr VrZ A§H$s g§»`m Amho.
1 0 0
e e XmoZeo e e e VrZeo
e e e e Mmaeo e e e e e nmMeo
e
e e e e e e e e ZD$eo
X X X X X X X X X
X
X X X X X X X X X X 40 XeH$ åhUOo 4 eVH$
X X X X X X X X X X åhUOo Mmaeo (400)
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X 50 XeH$ åhUOo 5 eVH$
X X X X X X X X X X åhUOo nmMeo (500)
X X X X X X X X X X
7
VrZ A§H$s g§»`m : AmoiI
F [aH$må¶m Mm¡H$Q>tV g§»¶m Ajam§V {bhm.
g§»¶m $
ISy> eVH$ XeH$ EH$H$ A§H$m§V Ajar
boIZ boIZ
1 0 1 101 EH$eo EH
e
1 0 3 103
e
1 0 4 104
e
1 0 5 105
e
1 0 6 106
e
1 0 7 107
e
1 0 8 108
e
1 0 9 109
e
1 1 0 110
e
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : 100 ISy>§Mm ~m°³g, 10 ISy>§Mo nmH$sQ> d gwQ>o ISy> ¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z g§»¶m {b{hʶmg gm§Jmdo.
8
VrZ A§H$s g§»`m : AmoiI
F gmaUrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo ‘{UVmam§‘ܶo ¶mo½¶ VodT>o ‘Ur Kmbm. g§»¶m A§H$m§V d Ajam§V
{bhm.
XmoZeo
e e 254
X X X X X MmonÝZ
e X E
e e e e e e X ghmeo
617
gVam
e X E
e e e e
X X X
e X E
e e e e e e e
X X X X e X E
e e e e e e e e
e X E
X X X X X X X X
e e e e e e X E
X X X X
X X X X X e e e e e X E
X X X X X X X X X
e e X E
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : àË`oH$s 100 _Ur Agbobo ~Q>do, àË`oH$s 10 _Ur Agboë`m _mim d H$mhr gwQ>o _Ur KoD$Z
{dXçmÏ`mªZm 3 A§H$s g§»`m V`ma H$aʶmg Xçmì`m. ~Q>do, _mim, gwQ>o _Ur `m§À`m OmJm ~Xbë`m,
Var g§Ho$VmZwgma `mo½` arVrZo g§»`m {b{hÊ`mMm Iyn gamd ¿`mdm.
9
VrZ A§H$s g§»`m : boIZ d dmMZ
F Mm¡H$Q>tV `mo½` g§»`m ^am d g§»`m dmMm.
216 766
10
_mJMr g§»`m, nwT>Mr g§»`m
F Imbrb g§»`mnQ²>Q>çm§Vrb g§»`m dmMm.
99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226
399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410
F darb g§»`mnQ²>Q>çm§À`m _XVrZo bJVMr nwT>Mr g§»`m {bhm.
D 105, D 220, D 409, D 219,
F darb g§»`mnQ²>Q>çm§À`m _XVrZo bJVMr _mJMr g§»`m {bhm.
D , 400 D , 107 D , 218 D , 110
F darb g§»`mnQ²>Q>çm§À`m _XVrZo bJVMr _mJMr d bJVMr nwT>Mr g§»`m {bhm.
D , 217 , D , 100 , D , 409 ,
F {Xboë`m g§»`oÀ¶m bJVMr nwT>Mr g§»`m Ë`m g§»`onojm {H$VrZo _moR>r AgVo ?
F {Xboë`m g§»`oÀ¶m bJVMr ‘mJMr g§»`m Ë`m g§»`onojm {H$VrZo bhmZ AgVo ?
F 435 ‘ܶo 1 {‘idyZ `oUmar g§»¶m H$moUVr ?
F 435 _YyZ 1 H$‘r H$ê$Z ¶oUmar g§»¶m H$moUVr ?
F bJVMr nwT>Mr d bJVMr _mJMr g§»`m {bhm.
D 118 , 119 , 120 D , 200 , D , 391,
D , 599 , D , 800 , D , 707,
F {Xboë¶m g§»¶oÀ¶m nwT>rb H$moU˶mhr VrZ g§»`m {bhm.
D 555, 600 , 650 , 977 D 399, , ,
F {Xboë¶m g§»¶oÀ¶m ‘mJrb H$moU˶mhr VrZ g§»`m {bhm.
D 99 , 312 , 407 , 500 D , , , 601
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : 100, 199, 300, 499, 201, 590 `m§gma»`m g§»`m§À`m _mJrb d nwT>rb g§»`m gm§JÊ`mMm gamd
¿`mdm.
11
bhmZ-_moR>onUmgmR>r {MÝhm§Mm dmna < , >
F g§»¶m§Mm bhmZ-‘moR>onUm R>adm.
g§»¶m 8, 2 77, 59 39, 9 14, 35 67, 32
bhmZ g§»¶m
‘moR>r g§»¶m
n {MÝhm§Mm Cn¶moJ Y Y
Y Y
Y Y Y Y
Y Y
Y Y
Y Y
27 40 91 49
27 < 40 Mo dmMZ : 27 bhmZ 40 nojm. 91 > 49 Mo dmMZ : 91 ‘moR>o 49 nojm.
Q>moZr : {Xboë`m XmoÝhr g§»¶m XmoZ A§H$s AgVrb, Va Ë`m§Mm bhmZ-‘moR>onUm Amnë¶mbm
R>adVm ¶oVmo; nU EH$ g§»¶m XmoZ A§H$s Am{U EH$ g§»¶m VrZ A§H$s Agob Va ?
VmB© : AmYr XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m§n¡H$s gJiçm§V ‘moR>r g§»¶m gm§J ~a§ !
Q>moZr : gmon§ Amho. gJiçm XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m§V 99 hr gdmªV ‘moR>r g§»¶m Amho.
99 nojm ‘moR>r bJVMr g§»¶m Amho 100. Vr Va VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m Amho.
VmB© : ‘J Vwåhm§bm g‘Ob§ Zm, XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m 99 qH$dm {VÀ¶mnojm bhmZ AgVo, åhUyZ
Vr 100 nojm bhmZ AgVo. VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m 100 qH$dm {VÀ¶mnojm ‘moR>r AgVo.
Q>moZr : ¶mdê$Z bjmV ¶oV§, H$s VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶onojm ‘moR>rM AgVo.
gb‘m : VgmM {dMma Ho$bm, Va XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m, EH$ A§H$s g§»¶onojm ‘moR>rM AgVo Zm ?
VmB© : ~amo~a !
12
bhmZ-_moR>onUm (nwT>o Mmby)
Z§Xÿ : VrZ A§H$s XmoZ g§»¶m AgVrb, Va ˶m§n¡H$s bhmZ-‘moR>r g§»¶m H$er AmoiIm¶Mr?
VmB© : WmoS>r gmonr CXmhaU§ nmhÿ. 500 d 300 ¶m g§»¶m nmhm. ¶mVrb H$moUVr g§»¶m ‘moR>r
Amho ?
gb‘m : 5 eVH$ 3 eVH$m§nojm ‘moR>o AmhoV, åhUyZ 500 > 300.
VmB© : AmVm 325 d 625 ¶m g§»¶m nmhm. BWo XmoÝhr g§»¶m§Vrb XeH$ g‘mZ d EH$H$hr
g‘mZ AmhoV; nU 6 eVH$ ho 3 eVH$m§nojm ‘moR>o AmhoV, åhUyZ 625 > 325.
Q>moZr : XmoZ g§»¶m§‘ܶo eVH$, XeH$, EH$H$ gJio doJdoJio Agbo, Va H$m¶ H$am¶M§ ?
Z§Xÿ : 495 Am{U 812 ¶m g§»¶m nmhm.
VmB© : 495 ‘ܶo eVH$mÀ¶m KamVbm A§H$ Amho 4. Vmo 812 À¶m eVH$mÀ¶m A§H$mnojm bhmZ
Amho, ho ‘hËËdmM§ Amho. AmnU AmYr 495 Z§Va bJoM ¶oUmar nyU© eVH$s g§»¶m nmhÿ.
Q>moZr : Vr Amho 500 Am{U 495 < 500.
VmB© : 812 ¶m g§»¶oMm eVH$ Amho 8. Amnë¶mbm ‘mhrV Amho, H$s 500 < 800 Am{U
800 < 812, åhUyZ 495 < 812. ho g‘Ob§ H$m ?
Q>moZr : hmo, Agm {dMma Ho$bm, Va Vo AdKS> Zmhr.
Z§Xÿ : åhUOo VrZ A§H$s XmoZ g§»¶m {Xë¶m, Va {OMm eVH$ñWmZMm A§H$ ‘moR>m, Vr OmñV
‘moR>r.
F bhmZ-_moR>r g§»`m R>adm.
721 589 423 723 600 497
gb‘m : nU XmoÝhr g§»¶m§À¶m eVH$m§À¶m Kam§Vrb A§H$ g‘mZ AgVrb Va H$m¶ H$am¶Mo ?
718 d 720 ¶m g§»¶m nmhm.
VmB© : hoXoIrb gmono Amho. eVH$ g‘mZ Agbo, Va XeH$ d EH$H$mZo V¶ma Pmboë¶m g§»¶m
nmhm.
gmoZy : 720 d 718 ¶m§‘ܶo 20 d 18 Mr VwbZm H$am¶Mr Zm ? 20 > 18 åhUyZ
720 > 718.
VmB© : ~amo~a Amho. XmoZ g§»¶m§‘Yrb eVH$ñWmZMo A§H$ g‘mZ AgVrb, Va {OMm
XeH$ñWmZMm A§H$ _moR>m Agob, Vr g§»¶m ‘moR>r. eVH$ d XeH$ñWmZMo A§H$ g_mZ
Agbo, Va EH$H$ñWmZMm A§H$ nmhÿZ Hw$R>br g§»¶m ‘moR>r Amho Vo R>adm.
ñWm{ZH$ qH$_V
VmB© : 400 + 40 + 7 ho {dñVm[aV ê$n H$moU˶m g§»¶oMo Amho ?
Z§Xÿ : gmono Amho, 447.
gb_m : J§_VM Amho. EH$Xm 400 gmR>r 4 hm A§H$ dmnabm, Va Z§Va 40 gmR>r 4 hm A§H$
dmnabm.
VmB© : A§H$mMr OmJm qH$dm ñWmZ {VMr qH$_V R>adVo, ho bjmV ¿¶m. eVH$ñWmZÀ`m 4 Mr
qH$_V 400 Amho, Va XeH$ñWmZÀ`m 4 Mr qH$_V 40 Amho. EH$H$ñWmZÀ¶m 7 Mr
qH$‘V _mÌ 7 M Amho. A§H$mMr ˶m§À¶m ñWmZmZwgma Or qH$‘V AgVo {Vbm ˶m
A§H$mMr ñWm{ZH$ qH$‘V åhUVmV.
16
1000 `m g§»`oMr AmoiI
h e X E
h e e e X X X 1 1 1
X X X 9 9 9
e e e
X X X
+ 1
e e e X 10 10 10
e 1 0 0 0
AmnU hmVÀ¶mMr ~oarO H$ê$Z 99 + 1 = e§^a (100) hmoVmV, ho nm{hbo Amho. AmVm
999 + 1 hr ~oarO Cä`m _m§S>UrV H$ê$. 9 EH$H$ + 1 EH$H$ ho 10 EH$H$ hmoVmV. Ë`m§Mm EH$
XeH$ (hmVMm) hmoVmo. 9 XeH$ + 1 XeH$ {_iyZ 10 XeH$ hmoVmV. Ë`m§Mm EH$ eVH$ (hmVMm)
hmoVmo. 9 eVH$ + 1 eVH$ {_iyZ 10 eVH$ hmoVmV. Ë`mVyZ nwÝhm EH$ hmVMm ¶oVmo. Ë`mÀ`mgmR>r
Zdo ñWmZ V`ma H$ê$. Ë`mbm hOmamMo ñWmZ åhUVmV. 1000 ¶m g§»¶oV hOma ñWmZr 1 Am{U
BVa gd© ñWmZm§V 0 Amho. ¶m g§»¶oMo dmMZ "EH$ hOma' Ago H$aVmV.
EH$m ‘mioV 10 _Ur. Aem 100 ‘mim§‘ܶo EHy$U 1000 _Ur AmhoV.
åhUyZ 100 XeH$ åhUOo gwX²Ym 1000.
18
~oarO : {~ZhmVÀ`mMr
e e e e e
e e e
e e e
e X E e X E e X E
4 2 1 + 3 5 1 = 7 7 2
F AmS>ì`m _m§S>UrZo ~oarO H$am. D 527 + 261 D 623 + 215 D 203 + 302
20
VrZ g§»`m§Mr ~oarO
F ~oarO H$am.
_m`mZo XþH$mZmVyZ 2 én`m§Mo ImoS>a~a, 3 én`m§Mr E
nopÝgb d 4 én`m§Mo a§JrV ISy> KoVbo, Va 2
{VZo XþH$mZXmambm {H$Vr én`o Xçmdo? + 2 ‘ܶo 3 {‘idbo, 5 Ambo.
3
2+3=5 +
ImoS>a~aMo 2 én`o d nopÝgbMo 3 én`o {_iyZ 4 5 ‘ܶo 4 {‘idbo, 9 Ambo.
5 én`o Pmbo. ¶m 5 én¶m§V ISy>Mo 4 én`o 9
{_idbo, H$s 9 én`o hmoVrb. åhUOoM 2 + 3 + 4 = 9
åhUyZ _m`mZo XþH$mZXmambm 9 én¶o Xçmdo.
F H$nmQ>mV JmÊ`m§Mr 3 nwñVHo$, JmoîQ>tMr 21 nwñVHo$ d {MÌm§Mr 14 nwñVHo$ X E
AmhoV, Va H$nmQ>mVrb EHy$U nwñVHo$ {H$Vr ? 2 1
21 + 14 + 3 = 38 + 1 4
H$nmQ>mV EHy$U 38 nwñVHo$ AmhoV. $ + 3
3 8
F nwT>rb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
D X E D X E D X E D X E
2 5 2 1 5 0 2 5
+ + + +
3 0 1 5 2 1 2
+ + + +
3 2 1 2 3 1
21
dOm~mH$s : {~ZhmVÀ`mMr
F {H«$Ho$Q> _°M_Ü`o B§½b§S>Zo 245 Ymdm H$mT>ë`m. ^maVmZo 123 Ymdm H$mT>ë`m, Va B§½b§S>er
~amo~ar H$aʶmgmR>r ^maVmbm AmUIr {H$Vr Ymdm H$mT>mì`m bmJVrb ?
B§½b§S>er ~amo~ar hmoÊ`mgmR>r ^maVmÀ`m 245 Ymdm ìhmì`m e X E
bmJVrb; åhUOo 123 À`m nwT>o AmUIr {H$Vr Ymdm H$mT>ë`m, H$s 2 4 5
245 Ymdm hmoVrb, ho emoYmdo bmJob. -
1 2 3
åhUOo 123 + = 245. Mm¡H$Q>rVrb g§»`m emoYmdr 1 2 2
bmJob. hr g§»`m 245 _YyZ 123 dOm Ho$ë`mg {_iob.
22
F dOm~mH$s H$am.
D
e X E D
e X E D
e X E
5 4 5 7 4 9 8 5 3
- - -
2 4 3 8 2 0 2
5 4 3
D e X E D
e X E D
e X E
2 3 7 3 6 6 4 5 5
- - -
1 1 4 3 3 5
D D D
e X E e X E e X E
4 5 8 8 9 9 9 5 5
- - -
4 4 5 2 3 4 1 5
{ejH${XZmbm VmBªZm XoʶmgmR>r \w$bm§Mm JwÀN> V¶ma Ho$bm. ˶mgmR>r Q>moZr, gmoZy, gb‘m, Om°Z
d Z§Xÿ `m§Zr àË`oH$s 2 \w$bo AmUbr. Ë`m \w$bm§Mm EH$ gw§Xa JwÀN> gmoZyZo V`ma Ho$bm.
D 3 _wbm§Mm EH$ JQ> `mà_mUo 7 JQ> H$ê$Z _wbo C^r hmoVr, Va EHy$U _wbo {H$Vr ?
3 Mr nQ> , VrZ gmVo , 3 =
25
JwUmH$ma
{H$Vr {H$Vr JwUmH$ma EHy$U
dñVwê$nmV ~oarO ê$nmV
doim nQ> ê$n dñVy
XmoZ, 2 Mr
2+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 25 10
nmM doim nmMnQ>
... , 5 Mr
5+5 ... nQ> ... ...
XmoZ doim
Xhm, 10 Mr
.................... ... ... .......
VrZ doim ... nQ>
Mma,
.................... ....... ... ... .......
ghm doim
26
6 Mm nmT>m
61=6
6, EH$ doim
ghm EHo$ ghm
6 2 = 12
6, XmoZ doim
ghm XþUo ~mam
6 3 = 18
6, VrZ doim
ghm {ÌH$ AR>am
6 4 = 24
6, Mma doim
ghm MmoH$ Mmodrg
6 5 = 30
6, nmM doim
ghm nmMo Vrg
6 6 = 36
6, ghm doim
ghm gmho N>ËVrg
6 7 = 42
6, gmV doim
ghm gmVo ~oMmirg
6 8 = 48
6, AmR> doim
ghm AmR>o AR²>R>oMmirg
6 9 = 54
6, ZD$ doim
ghm Zdo MmonÝZ
6 10 = 60
6, Xhm doim
ghm Xmho gmR>
27
7, 8 d 9 Mm nmT>m
6 À`m nmT>çmà_mUo 7, 8, 9 Mm nmT>m V`ma H$ê$.
7 1 = 7 8 1 = 8 9 1 = 9
7 2 = 14 8 2 = 16 9 2 = 18
7 3 = 21 8 3 = 24 9 3 = 27
7 4 = 28 8 4 = 32 9 4 = 36
7 5 = 35 8 5 = 40 9 5 = 45
7 6 = 42 8 6 = 48 9 6 = 54
7 7 = 49 8 7 = 56 9 7 = 63
7 8 = 56 8 8 = 64 9 8 = 72
7 9 = 63 8 9 = 72 9 9 = 81
7 10 = 70 8 10 = 80 9 10 = 90
~oaOoÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo nmT>m
VmB© : 6 Mm nmT>m V`ma H$aVmZm 6 Mo 4 Mm 2 Mm
~oarO 6 Mm nmT>m
XmoZ ^mJ H$ê$. Ogo, 6 = 4 + 2. nmT>m nmT>m
AmVm 4 d 2 Mm nmT>m KoD$Z Ë`m§Mr 4 2 4+2=6 61=6
~oarO H$ê$Z 6 Mm nmT>m V¶ma 8 4 8 + 4 = 12 6 2 = 12
H$ê$.
12 6 12 + 6 = 18 6 3 = 18
Q>moZr : 6 Mm nmTm Ogm 4 d 2 À`m
nmT>çmZo V`ma H$aVm `oVmo, Vgm 16 8 16 + 8 = 24 6 4 = 24
Vmo 5 d 1 À`m gmhmæ¶mZohr V`ma 20 10 20 + 10 = 30 6 5 = 30
H$aVm `oB©b Zm ?
24 12 24 + 12 = 36 6 6 = 36
VmB© : ~amo~a. _mhrV Agboë`m XmoZ
nmT>çm§À`m ~oaOoZo ZdrZ nmTo V`ma 28 14 28 + 14 = 42 6 7 = 42
H$aVm `oVmV. 32 16 32 + 16 = 48 6 8 = 48
Q>moZr : _J 7 Mm nmT>m 4 d 3 À`m 36 18 36 + 18 = 54 6 9 = 54
nmT>çm§Zr V`ma H$aVm `oB©b.
40 20 40 + 20 = 60 6 10 = 60
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : 8 d 9 Mo nmT>o XmoZ nmT>çm§À`m ~oaOoÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo V`ma H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. XmoZ nmT>çm§À`m dOm~mH$sÀ`m
gmhmæ`mZohr nmT>o V`ma H$aVm `oVmV, ho bjmV AmUyZ Xçmdo.
28
9 À¶m nmT>çmMr J§‘V
09
VmB© : ‘r Vwåhm§bm 9 À`m nmT>çmMr EH$ J§_V gm§JVo.
18
9, 8, 7, ..... Aem 0 n`ªV g§»`m CbQ> H«$_mZo EH$H$ñWmZr {bhm.
Ë`m§À`m AmYr XeH$ñWmZr 0, 1, 2, ...... 9 `m g§»`m H«$_mZo {bhm. Pmbm 27
9 Mm nmT>m V`ma ! Amho H$s Zmhr J§_V ! 36
gmoZy : Aao dm ! AOyZ EH$ J§‘V ‘m¶m bjmV Ambr Amho. nmT>çmV ¶oUmè¶m 45
à˶oH$ g§»¶oVrb XeH$ d EH$H$ñWmZÀ¶m A§H$m§Mr ~oarO ZD$M Amho.
54
63
72
81
90
F Imbrb gmaUrV 5 3 = 15 ho XmIdbo Amho. [aH$må¶m Mm¡H$Q>tV ¶mo½¶ g§»¶m ^am.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 6 8 10
3 3 6 9
4 4 8 16
5 5 10 15 20 25
6 36
7 49
8 64
9 81
10 10 100
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : àË`oH$ {dXçmÏ`m©bm 1 Vo 100 Mr gmaUr V`ma H$aÊ`mg gm§Jmdr. Ë`m gmaUrV àË`oH$ {dXçmÏ`m©bm
EH$ nmT>m XoD$Z Ë`mV `oUmè`m g§»`m a§JdÊ`mg gm§Jmdo. V`ma hmoUmè`m AmH¥${V~§YmMo {ZarjU
H$aÊ`mg gm§Jmdo.
29
F Imbrb JwUmH$ma H$am.
3 5 7 8 6 7
6 3 5 3 4 8
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : EH$ A§H$s XmoZ g§»`m dmnê$Z JwUmH$mamMr CXmhaUo V`ma H$ê$Z, gmoS>dyZ ¿`mdr.
30
JwUmH$mamgmR>r nmT>çm§Mm Cn`moJ
D qMQy>Zo dmT>{XdgmgmR>r EH$ noZ 5 én`m§g `mà_mUo 6 noZ§ KoVbr, Va Ë`mbm XþH$mZXmambm
EHy$U {H$Vr én`o Xçmdo bmJVrb ?
Õ EHy$U qH$_V _mhrV H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r 5 Mm nmT>m, 6 noZ§
nmM gmho n`ªV åhUmdm bmJob. 5 EH$m noZMr qH$_V
nmM gmho Vrg åhUOoM 5 6 = 30 30 EHy$U én`o
EHy$U 30 én`o Xçmdo bmJVrb.
31
JwUmH$mamMo JwUY‘©
3 5
5 3
35 = 53
F nwT>rb JwUmH$ma H$am d {ZarjU H$am.
65= 83= 76= 92=
56= 38= 67= 29=
32
ZmUr d ZmoQ>m
én`o
én`o
33
Q>moZr : _mÂ`mH$S>o 3 ZmoQ>m AmhoV, Ë`m§Mr EHy$U qH$_V 75 én`o Amho.
gb‘m : _mÂ`mH$S>o gwX²Ym 75 én`o AmhoV nU _mÂ`mH$S>o 5 ZmoQ>m AmhoV.
Q>moZr : Ag§ H$g§ hmoB©b ?
Q>moZrOdiÀ`m ZmoQ>m Aem AmhoV.
EHy$U
én`o
EHy$U
én`o
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {dXçmÏ`mªZm H$mS>mªda g§»`m {bhÿZ ZmoQ>m V`ma H$aÊ`mg gm§Jmdo d Ë`m§À`m AmYmao Ioi ¿`mdo.
34
_mnZ
bm§~r
VmBªZr Z§Xÿ d gmoZy ¶m§Zm Q>o~bmMr bm§~r ‘moOm¶bm gm§{JVbo.
35
VmB© : AmnU `m H$mJXmÀ`m nQ²>QrÀ`m KS>çm Kmby Am{U {VMo gmaIo ^mJ H$ê$. {VÀ`m
Pmboë`m bhmZ ^mJm§Mm Cn`moJ Amnë`mbm ISy>Mr bm§~r _moOÊ`mgmR>r hmoB©b.
Q>moZr : ¶m nQ²>Q>rÀ¶m VrZXm KS>çm KmbyZ 8 g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$.
36
VmB© : H$moUË`mhr _mUgmZ§ H$mnS> _moOb§ Var Ë`mMr bm§~r g_mZM Agbr nm{hOo, åhUyZ
H$mnS>mÀ`m XþH$mZm_Ü`o àË`oH$ XþH$mZXma H$mnS> _moOÊ`mgmR>r EH$ _moR>r nQ²>Q>r dmnaVmo.
`m nQ²>Q>rMr bm§~r EH$ _rQ>a AgVo. _rQ>a ho bm§~r _moOÊ`mM§ à_m{UV EH$H$ Amho.
1 _rQ>aMo 100 g_mZ ^mJ Ho$bo, H$s àË`oH$ ^mJ EH$ g|{Q>_rQ>aMm AgVmo.
1 _rQ>a = 100 g|{Q>_rQ>a
gb_m : `mnydu AmnU àdoeX²dmamÀ`m XmoZ Im§~m§Vrb A§Va XmoarÀ`m gmhmæ`mZ§ _moOb§ hmoV§. Vo
nQ²>Q>rÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZ§ _rQ>a d g|{Q>_rQ>a_Ü`o nwÝhm _moOy.
Z§Xÿ : XmoZ Im§~m§Vrb A§Va 3 _rQ>a 80 g|{Q>_rQ>a Amho.
Q>moZr : _mPm XmXm H$_r A§Va _moOÊ`mgmR>r H§$nmgnoQ>rVrb bhmZ nQ²>Q>r dmnaVmo.
VmB© : `m nQ²>Q>rda _moR>çm IwUm§Odi 1, 2, 3, 4 ..... Ag§ {b{hbob§ AgV§. ¶m g§»¶m
g|{Q>‘rQ>a XmIdVmV. XmoZ _moR>çm IwUm§_Ü`o bhmZ-bhmZ IwUm AgVmV. ˶m IwUm
g|{Q>‘rQ>ahÿZ bhmZ EH$H$ XmIdVmV.
37
_rQ>a-g|{Q>_rQ>a
‘rQ>a ho 1 g|{Q>‘rQ>aÀ¶m 100 nQ> AgVo. ‘moR>o A§Va ‘moOʶmgmR>r ‘rQ>a ho à_m{UV EH$H$
dmnaVmV.
‘rQ>anQ²>Q>r
F Imbrb A§Va/bm§~r g|{Q>‘rQ>a‘ܶo ‘moOmb H$s ‘rQ>a‘ܶo Vo gmaUrV {bhm
nopÝgbrMr bm§~r dhrMr bm§~r
XmoZ B‘maVt‘Yrb A§Va ‘mo~mBbMr bm§~r
añ˶mMr é§Xr XmoZ Im§~m§Vrb A§Va
F Imbrb A§Vao Vwåhr à‘m{UV EH$H$mV ‘moOm d {‘Ìm§Zm ‘moOm¶bm gm§Jm. nañnam§Mr ‘mno
nS>Vmim. ’$aH$ Pmë¶mg nwÝhm ‘moOm.
D emioÀ¶m g§ajH$ q^VrMr bm§~r D nwñVH$mMr bm§~r D d¥ËVnÌmMr bm§~r
D Q>o~bmMr bm§~r D ìham§S>çmMr bm§~r D Q>o~bmMr O{‘ZrnmgyZMr C§Mr
F ‘mhrV H$ê$Z ¿¶m.
D AmB©À¶m gmS>rMr bm§~r D ~m~m§À¶m eQ>©bm bmJUmè¶m H$mnSmMr bm§~r>
D VmB©À¶m AmoT>UrMr bm§~r D Q>m°dobMr bm§~r D é‘mbmMr bm§~r
F Imbrb _moOUrMm A§XmO H$am. A§XmO ~amo~a H$s MyH$ ¶mMm à˶j ‘moOyZ nS>Vmim ¿¶m.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : dJm©_Ü`o _rQ>a, g|{Q>‘rQ>aÀ¶m IwUm Agbobr nQ²>Q>r q^Vrda bmdyZ {dXçmÏ`mªZm EH$_oH$m§Mr C§Mr
_moOÊ`mMr g§Yr Xçmdr.
38
‘mnZ : dOZ (dñVw‘mZ)
gmoZy : `m M|Sy>M§ dOZ 17 JmoQ>çm Amho.
EH$mM dñVyMo dOZ à_m{UV _mnm§À`m gmhmæ`mZo H$moUrhr Ho$bo Var Vo g_mZM ^aVo.
{H$bmoJ«°_ ho dOZ _moOÊ`mMo à_m{UV EH$H$ Amho.
_bm 2
{H$bmoJ«°_
Ádmar hdr
Amho.
39
{Xboë`m dñVy§Mo dOZ 1 {H$bmoJ«°_nojm H$_r H$s OmñV Amho, `mMm A§XmO H$am d XþH$mZmV
OmD$Z ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿`m.
{_R>mMm nwS>m
JwimMm _moR>m IS>m
50 {~pñH$Q>o
nmM dmQ>çm gmIa
Q>moZr : AmB©bm {eam H$aÊ`mgmR>r AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIa hdr hmoVr. KamV Va 1 {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIaoMm nwS>m
hmoVm.
gb_m : _J Vy H$m` Ho$b§g ?
Q>moZr : _r Vr 1 {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIa VamOyÀ`m XmoÝhr nmaS>çm§V WmoS>r WmoS>r Q>mH$V Jobmo Am{U nmaS>r
g_mZ nmVirV amhVrb Ag§ nm{hb§. `mà_mUo EH$ {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIaoMo XmoZ g_mZ ^mJ
Pmbo, åhUOo àË`oH$ nmaS>çmVrb gmIa AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ Pmbr. Vr AmB©bm {Xbr.
gb_m : _mÂ`m AmB©bmhr AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ dOZmMr dñVy ~è`mM doim bmJVo.
Q>moZr : _r Vwbm AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ dOZmM§ _mn V`ma H$ê$Z XoVmo. AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIa EH$m
nmaS>çmV R>odyZ Xþgè`m nmaS>çmV VodT>çm dOZmMo bhmZ-bhmZ IS>o> R>odyZ EH$m é_mbmV
~m§YyZ R>odVmo. Vo Pmb§ AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_M§ _mn.
gb_m : åhUOo `mà_mUo Amnë`mbm nmd {H$bmoJ«°_ dOZmM§ ‘mnhr V`ma H$aVm `oB©b.
F EH$ {H$bmoJ«°_Mo _mn d VamOy `m§À`m gmhmæ`mZo nwT>rb dOZm§Mo Vm§Xÿi/Jhÿ/Ádmar _moOm.
D 2 {H$bmoJ«°_ D 5 {H$bmoJ«°_ D 3 {H$bmoJ«°_ D AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_
40
_mnZ - AmH$ma_mZ d YmaH$Vm
hr nmÊ`mZo ^abobr ^m§S>r AmhoV. H$moUË`m ^m§S>çmV
H$_r nmUr d H$moUË`m ^m§S>çmV OmñV nmUr _mdob
ho {ZarjUmZo R>adm.
gdmªV OmñV nmUr ~mXbr_Ü`o Am{U gdmªV H$_r nmUr dmQ>r‘ܶo _mdob.
D Vm§ã`m, S>~m, nmVobr Aem doJdoJiçm AmH$mam§Mr ^m§S>r KoD$Z Ë`mV 1 brQ>a, 1 brQ>anojm
H$_r qH$dm 1 brQ>anojm OmñV nmUr _mdob H$m, `mMm A§XmO H$am. àË`j 1 brQ>aMr ~mQ>br
dmnê$Z nS>Vmim ¿`m.
41
darb à˶oH$ ^m§S>çmV 3 brQ>a nmUr AmoVm. ^m§S>çm§Mm AmH$ma doJdoJim Agë`m_wio Ë`mVrb
nmUr doJiçm AmH$mamMo {Xgob ; nU àË`oH$ ^m§S>çmVrb nmÊ`mMo AmH$ma_mZ 3 brQ>a Amho.
`m ~mXbrV 1 brQ>aÀ`m 5 ~mQ>ë`m nmUr AmoVbo. `mVrb nmÊ`mMo AmH$ma_mZ
5 brQ>a Amho.
hrM ~mXbr nyU© ^aÊ`mgmR>r ˶mV {H$Vr brQ>a nmUr _mdVo Vo nmhm.
¶m ~mXbrV 12 brQ>a nmUr _mdVo, åhUOo `m ~mXbrMr YmaH$Vm 12 brQ>a Amho.
KmJa, ~mXbr, qnn, h§S>m, nmVobo qH$dm H$moUVohr ^m§S>o nyU© ^aÊ`mgmR>r
OodT>o nmUr bmJVo, Vr Ë`m ^m§S>çm§Mr YmaH$Vm AgVo.
F nmd brQ>a YmaH$VoMr ~mQ>br ¿¶m. ¶m ‘mnmÀ¶m ‘XVrZo ^m§S>çmda IwUm H$ê$Z nwT>rb ‘mno
V¶ma H$am.
D XmoZ brQ>a D AYm© brQ>a D XrS> brQ>a
D nmd brQ>a
F Imbrb ~m~tgmR>r Vw‘À¶m Kar A§XmOo {H$Vr brQ>a nmUr dmnaVmV Vo Zm|Xdm.
D A§KmoirgmR>r D ^m§S>r ñdÀN> H$aʶmgmR>r D Vm|S> YwʶmgmR>r
D gS>m-gmadUmgmR>r D {nʶmgmR>r D ~mJogmR>r
D ñd¶§nmH$mgmR>r D Xhm H$n MhmgmR>r D dmhZ YwʶmgmR>r
F nmUr H$moR>oH$moR>o dm¶m OmVo, ˶m {R>H$mUm§Mr ¶mXr H$am. {H$Vr nmUr dm¶m OmVo ¶mMm A§XmO
¿¶m d Cnm¶ gwMdm.
A§XmOo {H$Vr brQ>a
A.H«$. {R>H$mU Cnm¶
nmUr dm¶m OmVo ?
42
AmH¥${V~§Y
F Imbrb AmH¥${V~§Y nmhm. ˶m§n¡H$s ABAB gmaIm H$moUVm, AAB AAB gmaIm H$moUVm d
ABC ABC gmaIm H$moUVm Vo Mm¡H$Q>tV {bhm.
D D
F Imbrb Mm¡H$Q>tV AAB AAB..... AmH¥${V~§YmgmaIm EH$ AmH¥${V~§Y Vwåhr V¶ma H$am.
D ................
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {dXçm϶mªZr V¶ma Ho$bobo AmH¥${V~§Y O‘m H$ê$Z Vo àX{e©V H$am.
43
F AmH¥${V~§Y bjmV KoD$Z Mm¡H$Q>r nyU© H$am.
5 10 15 30
2 9 16 30 44
44
F Imbrb AmH¥${V~§Ym§‘ܶo à˶oH$ AmH¥$Vrbm EH$ H«$‘m§H$ {Xbobm Amho.
....
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
darb AmH¥${V~§Ym§‘ܶo {H$Vì¶m H«$‘m§H$m§darb AmH¥$˶m "{ÌH$moU' AmhoV Am{U {H$Vì¶m
H«$‘m§H$m§darb AmH¥$˶m "dVw©i' AmhoV?
{Vgar AmH¥$Vr {ÌH$moU Amho. ghmdr AmH¥$Vr .... Amho. AmR>dr AmH¥$Vr .... Agob.
AH$amdr.... , n§Yamdr.... , {dgmdr.... , n§M{dgmdr.... Agob.
F Imbrb H$moîQ>H$mVrb AmH¥${VH«$‘m‘ܶo nwT>o ¶oUmar AmH¥$Vr H$mT>m d JmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m {bhm.
AmH¥$VrMm
1 2 3 4 5 6
H«$‘
JmoQ>çm§Mr
‘m§S>Ur
JmoQ>çm§Mr
1 3
g§»¶m
{Vgè¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo ..... JmoQ>çm AmhoV. Mm¡Ï¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo ..... JmoQ>çm AmhoV.
gmVì¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo {H$Vr JmoQ>çm AgVrb, ho Vwåhr {MÌ Z H$mT>Vm AmoiIy eH$Vm H$m?
{H$Vr Vo {bhm. AmVm {MÌ H$mTy>Z nmhm. Vw‘Mo CËVa Vnmgm.
Xhmì¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo {H$Vr JmoQ>çm AgVrb ?
Q>moZr : Aao ~Km, ‘bm ¶m {XZX{e©Ho$V H$m¶ gmnS>b§ ! BWo Va doJimM AmH¥${V~§Y Amho.
Oa AmS>ì¶m am§JoVë¶m ¶m VrZ g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO Ho$br, Va CËVa ¶oV§ 27 Am{U Cä¶m
am§JoVë¶m VrZ g§»¶m§Mr ~oarOhr ¶oVo 27.
gmoZy : Am{U {Va³¶m nQ²>Q>rdaÀ¶m ¶m
VrZ g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO gwX²Ym ¶oVo a{d gmo‘ ‘§Ji ~wY Jwê$ ewH«$ e{Z
27 ! 1 2 3 4
gb‘m : S>mdrH$S>o Mm¡H$Q>rVë¶m VrZ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
AmoirVë¶m 3 g§»¶m nmhm. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
˶m§Vë¶m ‘Yë¶m AmS>ì¶m, 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
‘Yë¶m Cä¶m d {Va߶m am§JoVë¶m
26 27 28 29 30 31
g§»¶m§Mr ~oarOhr g‘mZ Amho.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {XZX{e©Ho$Vrb EH$m nmZmdarb g§»¶m§‘ܶo AmUIr AmH¥${V~§Y emoYʶmg àd¥ËV H$amdo.
45
F Imbr XmIdboë¶m ’$aí¶m§À¶m OwiUrVrb AmH¥${V~§Ym§Mo {ZarjU H$am.
¶oWo ’$aí¶m§Mr OwiUr {d{eîQ> àH$mao Ho$br Amho. XmoZ ’$aí¶m§‘ܶo ‘moH$ir OmJm am{hbobr
Zmhr qH$dm O{‘ZrMm ^mJ CKS>m am{hbobm Zmhr, ho bjmV ¿¶m.
F EH$mM àH$maÀ¶m ’$aí¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z V¶ma Pmboë¶m AmH¥${V~§Ym§Mo {ZarjU H$am. ¶mM
’$aí¶m dmnê$Z AmUIr AmH¥${V~§Y H$aVm ¶oVmo H$m Vo nmhm.
F Imbrb {MÌmVrb AmH¥${V~§Y nyU© H$aʶmgmR>r H$moU˶m ’$aerMm Cn¶moJ Ho$bm Amho, Vo
bjmV ¿¶m d OmoS>çm bmdm.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : n[agamVrb ’$aí¶m§À¶m ‘m§S>Ur‘wio V¶ma Pmboë¶m AmH¥${V~§Ym§Mo {ZarjU H$aʶmg gm§Jmdo. ˶m§À¶m
d¡{eîQ>çm§Mr MMm© H$amdr. EImXçm eoVmbm ^oQ> XoD$Z VoWrb amonm§À`m bmdUr_Ü`o AmH¥${V~§Y {XgVmV
H$m Vo nmhʶmg gm§Jmdo.
46
g‘{‘Vr
47
g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr
F Imbrb {MÌo EImXçm aofoÀ¶m g§X^m©V g‘{‘V AmhoV qH$dm ZmhrV Vo R>adm. g‘{‘V
Agë¶mg {MÌmImbrb Mm¡H$Q>rV 3 Aer IyU H$am d Zgë¶mg 5 Aer IyU H$am.
F Imbrb à˶oH$ AmH¥$Vr g‘{‘V Amho, ho nmhʶmgmR>r Á¶m {R>H$mUr KS>r Kmbmdr bmJob
Aem {R>H$mUr aoK H$mT>m.
F Imbrb g‘{‘V AmH¥$˶m§Mo gmaIo AgUmao XmoZ AY} ^mJ XmoZ doJiçm a§Jm§Zr a§Jdm.
F EH$ Mm¡ag AmH$mamMm H$mJX ¿¶m. ¶m H$mJXmbm doJdoJiçm àH$mao KS>çm KmbyZ g‘{‘Vr
Vnmgm.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : g‘^wO {ÌH$moU, g‘X²{d^wO {ÌH$moU, g‘m§Va^wO Mm¡H$moZ, dVw©i Aem AmH$mam§Mo H$mJX XoD$Z g‘{‘Vr
VnmgʶmMm CnH«$‘ H$ê$Z ¿¶mdm.
Á¶m àmʶm§Mr, nú¶m§Mr, nmZm§Mr, ’w$bm§Mr {MÌo g‘{‘V AmhoV, Aem {MÌm§Mm g§J«h H$ê$Z
¿¶mdm.
48
~§{XñV d Iwë¶m AmH¥$˶m
~§{XñV Iwbo
H$mhr ~§{XñV AmH¥$˶m H$mhr Iwë¶m AmH¥$˶m
{dMma H$am.
H$ ~ \$
A n _$
{Xboë¶m AmH¥$Vrbm ñne© Z H$aUmè¶m aofoZo {Xboë¶m AmH¥$Vrbm ñne© Z H$aUmè¶m aofoZo n
A Am{U ~ ¶m q~Xÿ§Zm OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b H$m ? Am{U ’$ ¶m q~Xÿ§Zm OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b H$m ? ˶mM
˶mMàH$mao ~ Am{U H$ ¶m q~Xÿ§Zm OmoS>Vm nX²YVrZo n Am{U ‘$ ¶m§Zm OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b H$m ?
¶oB©b H$m ?
DM
F eoOmarb am§Jmoiçm§V ~§{XñV
Agboë¶m Am{U Zgboë¶m
AmH¥$˶m§Mo {ZarjU H$am.
am§Jmoiçm§V a§J ^am.
49
{d^mJ Xþgam
~oarO : hmV˦mMr
gb‘mOdi XeH$mÀ¶m 7 ‘mim Am{U 7 gwQ>o ‘Ur Ago 77 ‘Ur AmhoV.
gmoZyOdi XeH$mÀ¶m 8 ‘mim Am{U 5 gwQ>o ‘Ur Ago 85 ‘Ur AmhoV.
gb‘m
gmoZy
XmoKtOdiÀ¶m ‘mim d ‘Ur EH$Ì Ho$bo, Voìhm XeH$m§À¶m 15 ‘mim Pmë¶m Am{U 12 gwQ>o
‘Ur am{hbo.
10 EH$H$ åhUOo 1 XeH$ åhUyZ 12 gwQ>çm ‘ʶm§n¡H$s 10 ‘ʶm§Mr 1 ‘mi Ho$br. 2 gwQ>o ‘Ur
am{hbo ; åhUOo AmVm XmoKtOdi {‘iyZ 16 XeH$‘mim Pmë¶m.
10 XeH$ {‘iyZ 1 eVH$ hmoVmo, åhUyZ ˶m§Zr 10 XeH$‘mim EH$‘oH$s§Zm OmoS>ë¶m d 1
eVH$‘mi V¶ma Ho$br.
XmoKtMo ‘Ur EH$Ì Ho$ë¶mda 1 eVH$‘mi Pmbr, 6 XeH$‘mim Pmë¶m Am{U 2 gwQ>o ‘Ur
Cabo.
F [aH$må¶m Mm¡H$Q>tV ¶mo½¶ g§»¶m {bhm.
12 X åhUOo 1 e 2 X 1e2X = 12 X
15 X åhUOo e X 1e4X = X
17 X åhUOo e X 3e2X = X
18 X åhUOo e X 4e3X = X
21 X åhUOo e X 5e9X = X
50
n ~oarO hmVÀ`mMr
e
X X E E E E E E E E 1e 2X 8E
+
2e 1X 6E
e e E E E E E E
X 3e 3X 14 E
1X4E
EH$H$m§Mr ~oarO Ho$ë¶mda 14 EH$H$ hmoVmV. 14 EH$H$ åhUOo 1 XeH$ Am{U 4 EH$H$. hm
XeH$, XeH$m˦m KamV ZoD$. AmVm ~oarO ~Km.
e X E EH$H$mÀ¶m KamV 4 EH$H$ CaVrb. Vo aoKoImbr EH$H$mÀ`m KamV
{b{hbo.
hmVMo 1
XeH$mÀ¶m KamV n{hbo 2 Am{U 1 d Zdm 1 {‘iyZ 4 XeH$
1 2 8
+2 Pmbo. Vo XeH$m˦m KamV aoKoImbr {b{hbo. eVH$m˦m KamVrb
1 6 A§H$m§Mr ~oarO 3 Ambr. Vr eVH$mÀ¶m KamV aoKoImbr {b{hbr.
3 4 14 XmoÝhr g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO 3 e 4 X 4 E åhUOo 344.
e X E
F 1 e
e hmVMo 1
X X X X E E
X 1 e 5 X 2 E
1 5 2
+
e X X X X X E E 1e 7X 3E +
1 7 3
E 3 e 12 X 5 E
X X 3 12 5
12 XeH$ åhUOo 1 eVH$ Am{U 2 XeH$. hm Zdm 1 eVH$, eVH$mÀ¶m KamV ‘m§Sy>.
Vmo Zdm eVH$ eVH$mÀ¶m KamV Zobm, åhUyZ XeH$mÀ¶m KamV 2 am{hbo. eVH$m§Mr ~oarO H$ê$.
n{hbo 2 eVH$ Am{U 1 Zdm eVH$ {‘iyZ 3 eVH$ Pmbo. ~oarO Ambr 325.
F Imbr {Xbobo ~oaOoMo CXmhaU Aä`mgm.
e X E e X E e X E
2 6 7 1 1 hmVMo
1 1
+ 5 3 9 2 6 7 2 6 7
+ +
5 3 9 5 3 9
10 16 8 0 6
1e0X 1X6E
51
~oarO
F CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
e X E e X E e X E e X E
1 3 5 2 4 7 3 4 9 4 6 5
+4 +5 +2 + 3
7 6 1 7 1 9 3 5
e X E e X E e X E e X E
3 5 6 5 4 9 7 4 2 8 5 0
+ + + +
6 5 1 9 2 8 6 0
4 3 2 3 9 5 4 7 2 2 5 0
+ 9 4 + 6 2 +2 0 9 +3 4 5
+ 5 + 8 4 +1 4 2 + 2 4
52
FC^r ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$Z ~oarO H$am.
D 235 + 146 D 346 + 129 D 536 + 236 + 19 D 749 + 128
e X E
53
empãXH$ CXmhaUo
F Imbrb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
e X E
D J«m‘ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmV 365 pñ̶m d 276 nwéf
gh^mJr Pmbo, Va EHy$U {H$Vr 춳Vr gh^mJr
Pmë¶m ? 3 6 5 pñ̶m
+
2 7 6 nwéf
A{^¶mZmV EHy$U 춳Vr gh^mJr Pmë¶m.
gmoZy : ‘m¶mH$S>o 100 én¶m§À¶m XmoZ ZmoQ>m AmhoV. ‘bm Z§Xÿbm 70 én¶o Xçm¶Mo AmhoV.
gb‘m : Vy H$go Xoerb ?
gmoZy : ‘r 100 én¶m§Mr EH$ ZmoQ> gwQ>r H$ê$Z 10 én¶m§À¶m 10 ZmoQ>m AmUVo.
Z§Xÿ : ˶m§VyZ Vy ‘bm 10 én¶m§À¶m 7 ZmoQ>m Xo.
gb‘m : åhUOo gmoZyH$S>o 100 én¶m§Mr 1 ZmoQ> d 10 én¶m§À¶m 3 ZmoQ>m CaVrb.
gmoZy : hmo ! åhUOo ‘m¶mH$S>o 130 én¶o CaVrb.
1 eVH$ = 10 XeH$
2 eVH$ = 1 eVH$ 10 XeH$ 4 eVH$ = 3 eVH$ 10 XeH$
3 eVH$ = 2 eVH$ 10 XeH$ 7 eVH$ = 6 eVH$ 10 XeH$
5 eVH$ = 4 eVH$ + XeH$ 6 eVH$ = eVH$ + 10 XeH$
55
F dOm~mH$s H$aVmZm H$YrH$Yr 1 eVH$ qH$dm 1 XeH$ ‘moH$im H$amdm bmJVmo. OmñV eVH$
qH$dm OmñV XeH$ AgVrb Var EH$M eVH$ qH$dm EH$M XeH$ ‘moH$im H$amdm bmJVmo.
3 eVH 2 eVH$
¶m§Vrb 1 eVH$mMo XeH$ H$ê$. ¶m§Vrb 1 eVH$mMo XeH$ H$ê$
100 100 100 Am{U ˶m§Vrb 1 XeH$mMo EH$H$ H$ê$.
100 100
10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10
3 eVH$ åhUOo 2 eVH$ 10 XeH$.
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
2 eVH$ åhUOo 1 eVH$ 10 XeH$,
dOm~mH$s : XeH$ ‘moH$im H$ê$Z åhUOoM 1 eVH$ 9 XeH$ 10 EH$H$.
F Imbrb CXmhaU Aä¶mgm.
X E ‘m¶mOdi 51 én¶o AmhoV. XhmÀ¶m 5 ZmoQ>m d 1 gwQ>m én¶m Amho. ˶m§VyZ
‘bm 24 én¶o XþH$mZXmambm Xçm¶Mo AmhoV.
5 1
- EH$H$mVrb 1 ‘YyZ 4 XoVm ¶oV ZmhrV, åhUyZ XhmMr EH$ ZmoQ> gwQ>r H$ê$Z {VMo
2 4
10 gwQ>o én¶o H$ê$.
56
dOm~mH$s : eVH$ ‘moH$im H$ê$Z
F Z§XÿOdi 100 én¶m§À¶m 5 ZmoQ>m, 10 én¶m§À¶m XmoZ ZmoQ>m d 1 én¶mMr 7 ZmUr AmhoV. ˶mZo
gmoZybm ˶m§n¡H$s 318 én¶o {Xbo, Va ˶mÀ¶mOdi {H$Vr én¶o Cabo ?
e X E 7 Zmʶm§VyZ 8 ZmUr XoVm ¶oV ZmhrV, åhUyZ 10 À¶m XmoZ
1 17 ZmoQ>m§n¡H$s 1 ZmoQ> gwQ>r H$amdr bmJUma.
˶m‘wio ¶oWo 10 À¶m EH$m ZmoQ>oMo 10 d n{hbo 7 åhUOo 17 gwQ>o
5 2 7 én¶o hmoVrb. 17 ‘YyZ 8 én¶o XoD$. 10 Mr 1 ZmoQ> Amho, Vr
-
3 1 8 XoD$, åhUOo 10 Mr ZmoQ> CaUma Zmhr. e§^amÀ¶m 5 ZmoQ>m§‘YyZ
2 0 9 3 ZmoQ>m XoVm ¶oVrb, åhUyZ Z§XÿOdi 209 én¶o CaVrb.
F dOm~mH$s H$am.
e X E e X E e X E e X E
2 7 1 6 5 4 7 3 1 8 3 5
- - - -
1 3 8 5 6 2 4 8 2 5 8
e X E e X E e X E e X E
5 6 7 6 5 0 7 7 5 6 8 0
- - - -
2 4 9 6 4 5 3 9 7 1 5 4
57
F dOm~mH$s H$am : 507 - 288
2 0 5 3 0 0 8 0 0 7 0 0
- - - -
6 9 5 2 0 7 3 4 8
58
empãXH$ CXmhaUo
D _hmamO ~mJoV 175 Am{U e X E
g`mOr ~mJoV 268 PmS>o AmhoV.
Va g`mOr ~mJoV, _hmamO ~mJonojm {H$Vr PmS>o
-2
OmñV AmhoV ? 6 8 g`mOr ~mJoVrb PmS>o
g`mOr ~mJoV PmS>o OmñV AmhoV. 1 7 5 _hmamO ~mJoVrb PmS>o
˶m§VyZ _hmamO ~mJoVrb PmS>m§Mr g§»`m dOm H$ê$. OmñV PmS>o
g`mOr ~mJoV PmS>o OmñV AmhoV.
D XþH$mZmV H$mhr nwñVHo$ AmhoV. XþH$mZXmamZo AmUIr 125 nwñVHo$
AmUbr. XþH$mZmV EHy$U 234 nwñVHo$ Pmbr, Va gwédmVrbm
XþH$mZXmamH$S>o {H$Vr nwñVHo$ hmoVr ?
D ‘oarH$S>o 500 én¶o hmoVo. {VZo ˶m§n¡H$s 275 én¶m§Mr nwñVHo$ KoVbr, Va
{VÀ¶mH$S>o {H$Vr én¶o {eëbH$ am{hbo ?
59
~oarO-dOm~mH$s
F Imbrb CXmhaUo Vm|S>r gmoS>dm.
D ‘mbVrH$S>o 15 {Zio d 7 bmb ’w$Jo AmhoV, Va EHy$U ’w$Jo {H$Vr?
D A{OVH$S>o H$mhr {~¶m AmhoV. gmJaZo ˶mbm 25 {~¶m {Xë¶m. AmVm A{OVH$S>o 65
{~¶m Pmë¶m, Va A{OVH$S>o AmYr {H$Vr {~¶m hmo˶m ?
D EH$m Q>monbrV Jwbm~mMr d ‘moJè¶mMr {‘iyZ 80 ’w$bo AmhoV. ˶m§n¡H$s 30 ’w$bo
Jwbm~mMr AmhoV, Va ‘moJè¶mMr ’w$bo {H$Vr ?
D d¥jqXS>rV 100 ‘wbo gh^mJr Pmbr. ˶m§V 60 ‘wbr AmhoV, Va ‘wbJo {H$Vr ?
D AH$~aZo 42 ~Q>mQ>o gmobbo. gb‘mZo 35 ~Q>mQ>o gmobbo. gb‘mZo AOyZ {H$Vr ~Q>mQ>o
gmobbo åhUOo AH$~aZo gmobboë`m ~Q>mQ>çm§EdT>o ~Q>mQ>o gmobyZ hmoVrb ?
F ‘m{hVr d àíZm§À¶m AmYmao empãXH$ CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.
Q>moZrH$S>rb nwñVHo$ 75, gmoZyH$S>rb nwñVHo$ 40, Z§XÿH$S>rb nwñVHo$ 80.
D Q>moZr d gmoZyH$S>rb {‘iyZ nwñVHo$ {H$Vr ?
D Q>moZrH$S>o gmoZynojm {H$Vr nwñVHo$ OmñV AmhoV ?
D Q>moZrnojm Z§XÿH$S>o {H$Vr nwñVHo$ OmñV AmhoV ?
D gmoZyZo AOyZ {H$Vr nwñVHo$ ¿¶mdr, åhUOo Q>moZr d gmoZy `m§À`mH$S>o g_mZ nwñVHo$ hmoVrb ?
F ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.
D bmb JmoQ>çm 150, {Ziçm JmoQ>çm 220, {haì¶m JmoQ>çm 75.
D gb‘mMo JwU 272, Z§XÿMo JwU 245, gmoZyMo JwU 331.
D Ymd’$bH$ :
AemoH$ - 110,
gbr‘ - 92,
S>opìhS> - 48.
60
JwUmH$ma
XeH$m§Mm JwUmH$ma
61
XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m d EH$ A§H$s g§»¶m ¶m§Mm JwUmH$ma : Mm¡H$Q> nX²YV (b°{Q>g nX²YV)
gmoZy: H$mb _r EH$ nwñVH$ 34 én¶m§Zm, ¶mà‘mUo XmoZ nwñVH§ IaoXr Ho$br. AmoiI ~a§ ! _r
{H$Vr én`o {Xbo AgVrb ?
gb‘m : ¶mgmR>r 34 2 hm JwUmH$ma H$amdm bmJob.
VmB© : hm JwUmH$ma H$aʶmgmR>r ‘r Vwåhm§bm EH$ ¶w³Vr gm§JVo. 6 Mm nmT>m V`ma H$aVmZm
AmnU 6 Mo 4 Am{U 2 Ago XmoZ gmoB©Mo ^mJ H$ê$Z nmT>m V¶ma Ho$bm. VerM ¶w³Vr
dmnê$Z AmnU hm JwUmH$ma H$ê$. 34 Mr ’$moS> 30 + 4 Aer H$ê$. ¶mV 30 hr nyU©
XeH$ g§»¶m Agë¶mZo JwUmH$ma H$aUo gmono OmB©b.
30 4 gmoZy : àW‘ 30 åhUOo 3 XeH$m§Zm 2 Z§ JwUb§.
(3 X) (4 E) 6 XeH$ åhUOo 60 Ambo.
Z§Va 4 EH$H$ 2 = 8.
(30 2 ) (4 2) AmVm 60 d 8 ¶m§Mr ~oarO Ho$br.
2
60 8 60 + 8 = 68, åhUyZ 34 2 = 68.
F JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 37 4 D 56 3
30 7 120 50 6 150
+ 28 + 18
4 120 28 3 150 18
148 168
37 4 = 148 56 3 = 168
F Mm¡H$Q>tMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z Imbrb JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 42 3 D 51 6
40 2 50 1
3 6
D 73 5 D 39 8
70 3 30 9
5 8
62
XmoZ A§H$s XmoZ g§»¶m§Mm JwUmH$ma : Mm¡H$Q> nX²YV
D àm{Ug§J«hmb¶ nmhm¶bm OmVmZm à˶oH$ ‘wbmH$Sy>Z ~ggmR>r 12 én¶o ¿¶m¶Mo AmhoV.
EHy$U 25 ‘wbo OmUma AgVrb, Va {H$Vr én¶o Jmoim hmoVrb ?
Z§Xÿ : ¶mgmR>r 25 bm 12 Z§ JwUm¶M§ Zm?
VmB© : AmnU nwÝhm gmoB©Mo ^mJ H$ê$Z Mm¡H$Q> nX²YVrZ§ JwUmH$ma H$ê$.
25 = 20 + 5 Am{U 12 = 10 + 2 Ago ^mJ KoD$.
20 5 200
+ 50
10 200 50 + 40
+ 10 25 12 = 300 én¶o Jmoim hmoVrb.
2 40 10
300
F JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 43 23 D 62 13
40 3 60 2
20 10
3 3
43 23 = 62 13 =
D 32 14 D 13 27
30 2 10 3
10 20
4 7
32 14 = 13 27 =
F JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 56 16 D 71 12 D 29 29
63
JwUmH$ma : C^r ‘m§S>Ur
VmB© : AmnU Mm¡H$Q>tMm dmna H$ê$Z (b°{Q>g nX²YVrZ§) JwUmH$ma H$am¶bm {eH$bmo. VmoM
doJiçm àH$mao H$gm H$am¶Mm Vo nmhÿ. Amnë¶mbm {H«$¶m g‘Obr Amho. Vr doJiçm
nX²YVrZ§ {bhÿ.
F JwUmH$ma H$am : 34 2
hmV˦mMm JwUmH$ma X E
Q>moZr : 26 3 hm JwUmH$ma H$gm H$am¶Mm ?
gb‘m : JwUmH$mamMr C^r ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$. 2 6
àW‘ EH$H$mÀ¶m KamVrb 6 bm 3 Z§ JwUy. 3
VrZ gmho AR>am.
64
F JwUmH$ma H$am : 18 4
F JwUmH$ma H$am.
1 5 2 4 2 7 1 5
5 3 3 6
e X E e X E e X E e X E
3 6 4 0 5 4 9 2
4 8 7 8
65
empãXH$ CXmhaUo
D EH$m ~aUrV 34 Mm°H$boQ>o ¶mà‘mUo D EH$m nwñVH$mMr qH$‘V 85 én¶o, Va Aem
9 ~aÊ`m§Vrb EHy$U Mm°H$boQo> {H$Vr ? 5 nwñVH$m§Mr EHy$U qH$‘V {H$Vr ?
3
4 Mm°H$boQ>o (EH$m ~aUrV)
3 85 én¶o> (à˶oH$ nwñVH$mMr qH$‘V)
9 ~aʶm 5 nwñVHo$
3 0 6 Mm°H$boQ>o én¶o
EHy$U Mm°H$boQo> 306 EHy$U qH$‘V én¶o
D 1 ‘rQ>a H$mnS>mMr qH$‘V 95 é. Amho, D 1 brQ>a XþYmMr qH$‘V 40 én¶o, Va
Va 6 ‘rQ>a H$mnS>mMr qH$‘V {H$Vr ? 3 brQ>a XþYmMr qH$‘V {H$Vr ?
66
^mJmH$ma
67
D eoOmaÀ¶m {MÌmV 18 ~moao XmIdbr AmhoV.
hr ~moao XmoKm§V g‘mZ dmQ>br, Va à˶oH$mbm
{H$Vr {‘iVrb ?
68
D {MÌmV dmQ>o XmIdm d gmaUr nyU© H$am.
$EHy$U EH$m dmQ>çmV EHy$U
H$mH$S>çm H$mH$S>çm dmQ>o
10 1
10 2
10 5
10 10
D VmB© 12 _wbm§Mm Ioi KoV hmoË`m. Ë`m åhUmë`m, ""Mbm AmnU JQ> V¶ma H$aʶmMm Ioi
Ioiy¶m. ‘r ~moQ>m§Zr IyU H$arZ {VV³¶m OUm§Mm JQ> H$am`Mm''.
D EH$m Imo³¶mV 10 ’$aí¶m ~gVmV. Imobrbm EHy$U 60 ’$aí¶m ~gdm¶À¶m AmhoV. ’$aí¶m§Mr
{H$Vr ImoH$s AmUmdr bmJVrb ?
EHy$U ’$aí¶m EH$m Imo³¶mVrb ’$aí¶m ImoŠ`m§Mr g§»`m
60 10 >
69
D EH$m ‘oU~ËVrÀ¶m Imo³¶mV 8 ‘oU~Ë˶m ‘mdVmV,
Va 24 ‘oU~Ë˶m ^aÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr ImoH$s
bmJVrb ?
D Z§Xÿbm S>m°³Q>am§Zr 15 Jmoiçm {Xë¶m. amoO 3 ¶mà‘mUo ˶mbm ˶m {H$Vr {Xdg ¿¶mì¶m
bmJVrb, ho darbà‘mUo {MÌo H$mTy>Z XmIdm.
70
VmB© : AmO _r WmoS>r Om§^i§ AmUbr AmhoV. H$moUH$moU Ambo AmhoV ?
gmoZy : gb_m, Q>moZr d _r Ago {VK§OU AmhmoV.
VmB© : hr Om§^i§ _moO>. {VKm§_Yo gmaIr dmQ>.
gmoZy : hr ~mam Om§^i§ AmhoV. ‘r à˶oH$mbm EH$-EH$ ¶mà‘mUo {VKm§Zm gmaIr dmQ>Vo.
71
Q>moZr : hmo VmB©.
VmB© : åhUyZ ¶m gJiçm {H«$¶m§Zm J{UVmV "^mJmH$ma' ho EH$M Zmd Amho.
dñVy§Mr g_mZ dmQ>Ur H$aUo åhUOo ^mJmH$ma.
dñVy§Mr g_mZ JQ>m§V {d^mJUr åhUOo ^mJmH$ma.
dñVy§À¶m g§»¶oVyZ EH$M g§»`m nwÝhm nwÝhm dOm H$aUo åhUOohr ^mJmH$ma.
Q>moZr : nU VmB©, {MÝh dmnê$Z JwUmH$ma {b{hʶmMr nX²YV Amåhm§bm ‘mhrV Amho. Ver {MÝh
dmnê$Z ^mJmH$ma {b{hʶmMr nX²YVhr AgobM Zm ?
VmB© : "^mJmH$ma' ¶m {H«$¶ogmR>r ho {MÝh dmnaVmV. Vo dmnê$Z Vwåhr Ho$bobr {H«$¶m
"12 3 = 4' Aer {b{hVmV. "Vr ~mam ^m{Jbo VrZ ~amo~a Mma' Aer dmMVmV.
gb‘m : ‘m¶m bjmV Amb§ Amho. VrZ MmoH$ ~mam, åhUOo VrZ-VrZ dñVy§Mo Mma JQ> EH$Ì
Ho$bo, H$s ~mam dñVy hmoVmV. ‘J CbQ> ~mam dñVy VrZ-VrZÀ¶m JQ>m§V {d^mJë¶m, Va
EHy$U Mma JQ> hmoUma !
VmB© : em~mg ! VrZMo JQ> H$aVmZm VrZMm nmT>m ~mamn¶ªV åhQ>bm, H$s ~mam‘YyZ VrZMo
{H$Vr JQ> hmoVmV Vo g‘OVo. VgoM 12 Mr dmQ>Ur {VKm§‘Yo H$aVmZmhr VrZMmM nmT>m
dmnê$Z "VrZ MmoH$ ~mam' åhUyZ à˶oH$mbm Mma dñVy {‘iVrb.
F EH$m S>ã¶mV 9 bmSy> AmhoV. Vo MmaOUm§V g‘mZ dmQ>m¶Mo AmhoV. à˶oH$s XmoZ ¶mà‘mUo
Mm¡Km§Zm 8 bmSy> {Xë¶mg 1 bmSy> Caob, åhUOo nyU© bmS>dm§_ܶo g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aVm ¶oV
Zmhr. 1 bmSy> ~mH$s CaVmo. S>ã¶mV AmR>M bmSy> AgVo, Va g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aVmZm bmSy>
~mH$s Cabm ZgVm. g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aVmZm H$YrH$Yr dñVy {eëbH$ amhVmV. ¶m {eëbH$
am{hboë¶m dñVy§Mr g§»¶m åhUOo ~mH$s. dñVy§À¶m EodOr g§»¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo Ho$bobr C^r
‘m§S>Ur nmhm.
2 bmSy> àË`oH$mbm {_imbo.
4 OUm§V dmQ>bo. 4 ) 9 bmSy> hmoVo.
- 8 bmSy> dmQy>Z Pmbo.
1 bmSy> {eëbH$.
72
D 12 ’w$bo 4 ‘wbm§Zm g‘mZ dmQ>br.
à˶oH$mbm 3 ’w$bo {‘iVmV.,
3 (^mJmH$ma)
àË`oH$mMr ’w$bo H$maU 4 {ÌH$ 12.
(^mOH$) 4) 12 (^mÁ¶) EHy$U ’w$bo
hm ^mJmH$ma, Cä¶m ‘m§S>UrV
- 12
dmQy>Z Pmbo
br ’w$bo eoOmar XmIdë¶mà‘mUo {b{hVmV.
0 (~mH$s) Cabobr ’w$bo 12 bm 4 Zo ^mJbo, H$s ~mH$s eyݶ ¶oVo.
73
H$mb‘mnZ
n KS>çmimMo dmMZ
VmB© : H$mb Vwåhr KS>çmimdê$Z doi H$er AmoiIm¶Mr ho {dMmab§
hmoV§. AmO ‘r ‘moR>§ KS>çmi AmUb§ Amho, ˶mdê$Z {eHy$¶m.
KS>çmimVrb N>moQ>çm d ‘moR>çm H$mQ>çmH$S>o bj Xçm. XmoÝhr
H$mQ>o 12 da AgVmV Voìhm ~mam dmObobo AgVmV.
gb‘m : bhmZ H$mQ>m 4 da Am{U ‘moR>m H$mQ>m 12 da AgVmo, Voìhm 4
dmObobo AgVmV.
Z§Xÿ : ¶mà‘mUoM 5 dmObobo qH$dm 9 dmObobo XmIdVm ¶oVrb.
gmoZy : bhmZ H$mQ>m hiyhiy, Va ‘moR>m H$mQ>m ˶mnojm ^a^a {’$aVmo,
hmo Zm ?
VmB© : hmo. bhmZ H$mQ>m Vmg XmIdVmo, Va ‘moR>m H$mQ>m {‘{ZQ>§
XmIdVmo; åhUyZ bhmZ H$mQ>çmbm VmgH$mQ>m d ‘moR>çm
H$mQ>çmbm {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m Ag§ åhUVmV. AmVm ‘moR>m H$mQ>m 1 da
Jobm. 12 dmOyZ 5 {‘{ZQ>§ Pmbr.
Z§Xÿ : {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 2 da Jobm, H$s 12 dmOyZ 10 {‘{ZQ>§ hmoVrb. ‘J
{‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 3 da AgVmZm 12 dmOyZ 15 {‘{ZQ>§ hmoVrb. hmo
Zm ? VmgH$mQ>m qH${MV nwT>o Jobobm {Xgob.
VmB© : ~amo~a. à˶oH$ XmoZ bJVÀ¶m g§»¶m§À¶m Kam§V 5-5 {‘{ZQ>m§M§
A§Va Amho.
gmoZy : åhUOo {‘{ZQ>§ ‘moOVmZm 5 Mm nmT>m Cn¶moJr nS>ob. ¶mà‘mUo
VmgH$mQ>m 12 d 1 ¶m§À¶m ‘ܶo Am{U {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 9 da
Agë¶mg 12 dmOyZ 45 {‘{ZQ>§ hmoVrb, H$maU ZD$ nmMo
n§MoMmirg.
VmB© : em~mg ! Ooìhm {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 12 nmgyZ nwT>onwT>o OmV nwÝhm
12 n¶ªV ¶oVmo, Voìhm ˶mMr EH$ ’o$ar nyU© hmoVo. ¶mgmR>r
bmJUmam doi 60 {‘{ZQ>§ åhUOoM 1 Vmg AgVmo. ˶mM
doimV VmgH$mQ>m 12 dê$Z 1 da OmVmo, ˶m doir 1 dmObobm
AgVmo.
Q>moZr : Amb§ bjmV. VmgH$mQ>m 4 d 5 ¶m§À¶m ‘Yo Am{U {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m
8 da AgVmZm, "nmM AmR>o Mmirg' åhUyZ, 4 dmOyZ 40
{‘{ZQ>§ hmoVmV.
Vmg-{‘{ZQ> hr doi ‘moOʶmMr EH$Ho$ AmhoV.
74
F Imbrb KS>çmim§V {XgUmar doi Vmg d {‘{ZQ>m§V {bhm.
F Imbr {Xbobr doi nmhm. ˶m doir H$mQ>çm§Mr pñWVr H$er Agob Vo KS>çmi‹mV XmIdm.
5 dmOyZ 10 {‘{ZQ>o 9 dmOyZ 5 {‘{ZQ>o 6 dmOyZ 20 {‘{ZQ>o 11 dmOyZ 35 {‘{ZQ>o
F Imbrb àË`oH$ {H«$¶m nyU© hmoʶmgmR>r A§XmOo {H$Vr {_{ZQ>o qH$dm {H$Vr Vmg qH$dm {H$Vr
{Xdg doi bmJVmo, Vo gmaUrV {bhm.
$Hw$H$a‘ܶo JmB©Mo XÿY AmB©Mm nmʶmMm hm¡X ñdoQ>a {dUUo Jwbm~mMr
^mV {eOUo H$mT>Uo ñd¶§nmH$ ^aUo H$ir C‘bUo
F {Xdg^amV H$aV Agbobr à‘wI H$m‘o, Vr H$m‘o H$aVmZmMr doi d ˶m doiMr KS>çmimVrb
H$mQ>çm§Mr pñWVr Imbrb gmaUrV {bhm.
1. gH$mir CR>Uo 6 dmOyZ 15 {‘{ZQ>o bhmZ H$mQ>m 6 À¶m nwT>o, ‘moR>m H$mQ>m 3 da.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : OmS> nwR²>R>m d {nZm ¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo KS>çmi V¶ma H$aʶmg gm§Jmdo. ˶mdê$Z KS>çmimÀ¶m dmMZmMm
gamd ¿¶mdm.
75
{XZX{e©H$m
n {XZX{e©Ho$Mm Cn¶moJ
F ¶m dfm©Mr {XZX{e©H$m nmhm. ‘m{hVr Imbrb gmaUrV {bhm.
AmO 15 OmZodmar
gmoZyÀ`m dmT>{Xdgmbm Om`M§¶,
bjmV Amho Zm ?
76
F {Xboë¶m OÝ‘{XZm§H$m§gmR>r ¶m dfuÀ¶m dmT>{Xder hmoUmao d¶ nyU© dfmªV gmaUrV Zm|Xdm.
AmB©
~m~m
VmB©
XmXm
77
AnyUmªH$
AYm©
Q>moZr d Z§Xÿbm ^yH$ bmJbr hmoVr. gb‘mOdi EH$
^mH$ar hmoVr. {VZo MQ>H$Z {VMo XmoZ ^mJ H$ê$Z {Xbo.
Q>moZr : ‘bm H$‘r ^mH$ar {‘imbr.
Z§Xÿ : Ia§M ‘bm Q>moZrnojm ‘moR>r ^mH$ar {‘imbr.
gb‘m : gm°ar h§ ! ‘r KmB©V VwH$S>o Ho$bo åhUyZ Ag§ Pmb§.
‘m¶mH$S>o EH$ nwar Amho. {VMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ
H$ê$Z XoVo.
Q>moZr : AmVm XmoKm§Zm g‘mZ ^mJ {‘imbo.
gmoZy : à˶oH$mbm ~amo~a AYu nwar {‘imbr.
gmoZyOdi 1 ‘moR>m H$mJX Amho. gmoZy d gb‘m ¶m XmoKtZm {MÌ H$mT>m¶Mo Amho.
gmoZy : `m H$mJXmMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$.
Q>moZr : ‘r XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$Z XoVmo.
78
F Imbrb AmH¥$˶m§‘Yrb AYm© ^mJ a§Jdm.
F Imbrb àË`oH$ AmH¥$VrV aoK H$mT>br Amho. Ë`m aoKo_wio Á`m AmH¥$VrMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ Pmbo
AmhoV, Aem AmH¥$˶m§Imbr 3 Aer IyU H$am.
nmd
VmB© : gb_m, Z§Xÿ, gmoZy, Q>moZr BH$S>o `m. _mÂ`mOdi nV§JmMm _moR>m H$mJX Amho. Ë`mMm Vwåhr
àË`oH$OU EH$-EH$ nV§J V`ma H$am.
Q>moZr : åhUOo `m H$mJXmMo Amnë`mbm Mma g_mZ ^mJ H$amdo bmJVrb.
Z§Xy : _r H$aVmo Mma g_mZ ^mJ.
VmB© : em~mg ! hm àË`oH$ ^mJ Ë`m H$mJXmMm nmd ^mJ Pmbm.
nmd ^mJ
EH$m dñVyMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$ë¶mg ˶mVrb à˶oH$ ^mJ nmd ^mJ AgVmo.
F Imbrb {MÌm§Mo {ZarjU H$am d "nmd' `mMm AW© g_OyZ ¿`m.
nyU© H$mH$S>r nmd H$mH$S>r nyU© H$qbJS> nmd H$qbJS>
79
n nyU©, AYm© Am{U nmd ^mJ
F Imbrb {MÌmV aoKm H$mTy>Z àË`oH$ {MÌmMo Mma ^mJ Ho$bo AmhoV. ˶m§n¡H$s g‘mZ ^mJ
Agboë`m {MÌmImbr 3 Aer IyU H$am. Zgë¶mg 5 Aer IyU H$am.
80
nmD$U
Z§Xÿ : ‘r ¶m H$mJXmda Mma g‘mZ ^mJ hmoVrb Aem aoKm H$mT>ë`m AmhoV.
˶m§n¡H$s VrZ ^mJ a§Jdbo AmhoV; åhUOoM H$mJXmMm nmD$U ^mJ
a§Jdbm Amho.
EH$m nyU© dñVyMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$Z ˶m§Vrb VrZ ^mJ KoVë¶mg Vmo nmD$U ^mJ AgVmo.
AYm© noê$ nmd noê$ AYm© d nmd {‘iyZ nmD$U ~ZVmo.
Imbrb AmH¥$Ë`m§Mm a§Jdbobm ^mJ Am{U Z a§Jdbobm ^mJ nmd, AYm©, nmD$U `m§n¡H$s {H$Vr
Amho, Vo Ë`mImbrb Mm¡H$Q>tV {bhm.
AmH¥$Vr
a§Jdbobm
AYm©
^mJ
Z a§Jdbobm
^mJ
81
g_yhmMm nmd, AYm©, nmD$U
{MÌmV AmR> M|Sy>§Mm EH$ g_yh XmIdbm Amho. AmR> M|Sy>§À`m g_yhmMo
XmoZ g_mZ ^mJ Ho$bo.
àË`oH$ ^mJ hm AmR> M|Sy>§À`m g_yhmMm AYm© qH$dm {Zå_m ^mJ Amho.
àË`oH$ AÜ`m© ^mJmV Mma M|Sy> AmhoV.
`m {MÌmV AmR> M|Sy>§À`m EH$m g_yhmMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$bobo AmhoV.
àË`oH$ ^mJ Ë`m g_yhmMm nmd ^mJ Amho. àË`oH$ nmd ^mJmV XmoZ M|Sy>
AmhoV.
g_yhmÀ`m {Zåå`m ^mJmMm {Zå_m ^mJ Ho$bm, Va {_iUmam ^mJ {H$Vr
Agob ?
AYm© Am{U nmd {_iyZ nmD$U hmoVmo; åhUyZ EH$m g_yhmMm AYm©
Am{U nmd ^mJ {_iyZ Ë`m g_yhmMm nmD$U ^mJ hmoVmo.
{MÌmV AmR> M|Sy>§À`m EH$m g_yhmMm nmD$U ^mJ XmIdbm Amho. EH$m
nyU© g‘yhm_YyZ nmd ^mJ H$_r Ho$bm Var nmD$U ^mJ {_iVmo.
EH$m g_yhmMo VrZ nmd ^mJ EH$Ì Ho$bo, Va {_iUmam ^mJ {H$Vr
Agob ?
F Imbrb g_yhmMm AYm© ^mJ H$am. F Imbrb g_yhmMm nmD$U ^mJ a§Jdm.
F Imbrb g_yhmMm AYm© ^mJ XmIdm. F Imbrb g_yhmMm nmd ^mJ XmIdm.
am{hbobm ^mJ a§Jdm d Vmo g_yhmMm {H$Vdm
^mJ Amho ho gm§Jm.
l l l l
l l l l
l l l l l
l
82
AYm©, nmd, nmD$U - ì`dhmamV Cn`moJ
F Imbrb CXmhaUo Aä¶mgm.
D emioÀ`m _¡XmZmMr bm§~r 20 _rQ>a Amho. _¡XmZmMr {Zå_r (AYu) bm§~r 20 _rQ>aÀ`m AYu
åhUOo 10 _rQ>a; _¡XmZmMr nmd bm§~r åhUOo 20 _rQ>aÀ`m nmd åhUOo 5 _rQ>a Am{U
_¡XmZmMr nmD$U bm§~r åhUOo 15 _rQ>a Agob.
D EH$m VmgmMr 60 {‘{ZQ>o AgVmV. Aܶm© VmgmMr 30 {‘{ZQ>o AgVmV.
D 4 brQ>aMm nmd ^mJ 1 brQ>a AgVmo.
D OrdamOOdi 200 én`o AmhoV. Ë`m§Vrb nmD$U aŠH$_ Ë`mZo _rZmbm {Xbr, åhUOo
OrdamOZo _rZmbm 150 én`o {Xbo.
D EH$ S>PZ Ho$ir åhUOo 12 Ho$ir. AYm© S>PZ Ho$ir åhUOo 6 Ho$ir. nmD$U S>PZ Ho$ir
åhUOo 9 Ho$ir.
F Imbrb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
D AmZ§XMo AmOMo d` 8 df} Amho. lwVrMo d` AmZ§XÀ`m d`mÀ`m {Zå_o Amho, Va lwVrMo d`
{H$Vr ?
D gmoZmbrOdi 10 _rQ>a H$mnS> Amho. {VZo Ë`mVrb {Zå_o H$mnS> am_ybm {Xbo, Va
gmoZmbrH$S>o {H$Vr H$mnS> am{hbo ? {VZo am_ybm {H$Vr _rQ>a H$mnS> {Xbo ?
D AZKmH$S>o 100 én`o AmhoV. Ë`m§Vrb nmd aŠH$_ {VZo ^mdmbm {Xbr, Va ^mdmbm {VZo
{H$Vr aŠH$_ {Xbr ?
D EH$m XmoarMr bm§~r 16 _rQ>a Amho. XmoarMm nmD$U ^mJ H$mnm¶Mm Amho, Va {H$Vr _rQ>ada
IyU H$amdr bmJob ?
DgmobmnyahÿZ Zm§XoS>bm Omʶmg 6 Vmg bmJVmV. Ë`mÀ`m {Zå_m doi gmobmnyahÿZ bmVyabm
Omʶmg bmJVmo, Va gmobmnyahÿZ bmVyabm Omʶmg {H$Vr doi bmJVmo ?
F {H$Vr Vo gm§Jm.
83
_m{hVrMo ì`dñWmnZ
gmoZyMm dmT>{Xdg Pmbm. {VÀ`m {_Ì_¡{ÌUr dmT>{Xdgmbm Amë`m hmoË`m. gdmªZr {Vbm
ew^oÀN>m {Xë`m d ^oQ>dñVyhr {Xë`m. Z§Xÿ dmT>{Xdgmbm Jobm ZìhVm. Ë`mZo gmoZybm {dMmabo -
D H$moUH$moU Ambo hmoVo ? {_Ì {H$Vr ? _¡{ÌUr {H$Vr ?
D ^oQ>dñVy H$moUË`m {_imë`m ? {H$Vr {_imë`m ?
D Amboë¶m {‘Ì‘¡{ÌUtMr Zmdo gmoZyZo gm§{JVbr.
Q>moZr : E ! AmnU AmYr ^oQ>dñVy nmhÿ Am{U Z§XÿÀ`m àíZm§Mr CËVa§ Z§Va XoD$.
Q>moZrZo dñVy§Mo JQ> Ho$bo.
gb‘mZo nwñVHo$ _moObr. ^oQ>dñVy g§»`m
gmoZyZo noZo _moObr. Q>moZrZo nopÝgbr _moOë`m. nopÝgbr 17
Z§XÿZo nmQ>rda hr _m{hVr {b{hbr. noZo 4
gmoZy : åhUOo _bm EHy$U 30 dñVy {_imë`m. nwñVHo$ 9
Q>moZr : hm Va VŠVm V`ma Pmbm ! EHy$U dñVy 30
F Xþgè`m {Xder dJm©V Amë`mda Z§XÿZo ‘wbm‘wbtZm {dMmabo, ""Vwåhr emioV H$go `oVm ?''
gmoZyZo gdmªMr CËVao Imbrbà_mUo {bhÿZ KoVbr.
amo{hV - ~g, {dO` - [ajm, _m`m - ~g, Jmonmb - nm`r, aoIm - [ajm, H¥$îUm - gm`H$b,
Am^m - H$ma, _hmXod - nm`r, am°Oa - nm`r, \$mê$I - [ajm, Ah_X - ~g,
gm{ZH$m - gm`H$b, pñ_Vm - ~g, Z§Xÿ - [ajm, gmoZy - [ajm, Om°Z - ~g, ga~OrV - ~g,
ñdam - H$ma, am_ZmW - nm`r, A°bZ - nm`r, {dH$mg - [ajm, A±WZr - [ajm, gmam - ~g,
gVre - gm`H$b, Aë~Q>© - ~g, am_ñdm_r - nm`r, ZrVm - ~g, AbH$m - ~g,
ZmJoe - gm`H$b, H¡$bmg - gm`H$b.
Z§XÿZo VŠVm V`ma H$ê$Z VrM _m{hVr Imbrbà‘mUo XmIdbr.
amo{hV, pñ_Vm, _m`m, gmam, Ah_X, Om°Z, ga~OrV, Aë~Q>©,
~gZo `oUmao 10
ZrVm, AbH$m
[ajmZo `oUmao {dO`, aoIm, gmoZy, Z§Xÿ, \$mê$I, {dH$mg, A±WZr 7
nm`r `oUmao Jmonmb, am_ñdm_r, _hmXod, am°Oa, am_ZmW, A°bZ 6
gm`H$bZo `oUmao H¥$îUm, gm{ZH$m, gVre, ZmJoe, H¡$bmg 5
H$maZo `oUmao Am^m, ñdam 2
84
F Jwédmar JUdoemV ¶oUo Amdí¶H$ ZìhVo. _wbo a§JrV H$nS>o KmbyZ emioV Ambr hmoVr. A°bZZo
Ë`mdê$Z EH$ VŠVm ~Zdbm. gb‘mZo gwMdbo, H$s ‘wbm§Mr Zmdo {b{hʶmEodOr à˶oH$
‘wbmgmR>r EH$ C^r aoK ‘mê$.
A°bZZo V¶ma Ho$bobm V³Vm gb‘mZo V¶ma Ho$bobm V³Vm
H$nS>çm§Mm {dXçmÏ`m©Mo {dXçmWu H$nS>çm§Mm {dXçmWu
aoKm
a§J Zmd g§»`m a§J g§»`m
bmb ........ 4 bmb 4
Jwbm~
Omñd§X
_moJam
Mm\$m
85
gmoZy : VwPr {MÌH$bm IynM N>mZ Amho. ˶m‘wio V³Vm N>mZ {XgVmo¶.
Q>moZr : nU Amåhm§bm N>mZ {MÌo H$mT>Vm ¶oV ZmhrV. ˶mV doihr Iyn OmVmo. ˶m‘wio ’w$bm§EodOr
VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm Ho$ë¶m Va A{YH$ bdH$a hmoB©b. VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm H$ê$Z Imbrb
V³Vm nyU© H$ê$.
F arQ>mZo {VÀ`m {_Ì_¡{ÌUtZm gdmªV OmñV AmdS>Vm JmoS> nXmW© {dMmabm d V³Ë¶m‘ܶo
VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm Ho$ë¶m. ˶m ‘moOyZ g§»¶m {bhm. Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.
86
F Imbrb VŠVm nmhÿZ àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.
eoVmVrb nrH$ nrH$ KoUmao eoVH$ar
Jhÿ
Ádmar
Vm§Xÿi
dmQ>mUm
^wB©‘yJ
D$g
DEHy$U {H$Vr {nH$m§Mr _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho ?
D ^wB©‘yJ ho nrH$ KoUmao eoVH$ar {H$Vr ?
D H$moUVo nrH$ gdmªV H$_r eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z KoVbo OmVo ?
D H$moUVo nrH$ gdmªV OmñV eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z KoVbo OmVo ?
F a{ddmaÀ¶m g§Ü`mH$mir ‘Zmoa§OZmgmR>r H$m` Ho$bo ? ¶m àíZmbm _wbm§Zr {Xboë¶m CËVam§dê$Z
V¶ma Ho$bobm VŠVm nmhm.
_Zmoa§OZmMm àH$ma VmiçmÀ`m IwUm _wbm§Mr g§»`m
Ioi Ioibmo
Q>rìhr (Xÿa{MÌdmUr) nm{hbm
~mJoV \o$a\$Q>H$m _mabm
JmoîQ>rMo nwñVH$ dmMbo
D EHy$U {H$Vr _wbm§Mr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho ?
D ~mJoV \o$a\$Q>H$m _mabobr _wbo {H$Vr ?
D H$moUVr JmoîQ> H$aUmè`m _wbm§Mr g§»`m gdmªV H$_r Amho ?
F _wbm§Zm gdmªV OmñV AmdS>Umè`m \$im§Mr _m{hVr Jmoim H$am d VŠVm V`ma H$am.
AmdS>Umao \$i VmiçmÀ`m IwUm _wbm§Mr g§»`m
Am§~m
noê$
g\$aM§X
S>mqi~
87
`m VŠË`mdê$Z doJdoJir H$moUVr _m{hVr {_iVo, Vo {bhm.
D H$moUVo \$i gdmªV OmñV OUm§Zm AmdS>Vo ?
D noê$ AmdS>Umè`m§Mr g§»`m ..... AmdS>Umè¶m§À¶m g§»¶onojm OmñV Amho.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {d{dY àg§Jm§Mr _m{hVr O_m H$aÊ`mg gm§JyZ Ë`m§Mo VŠVo V`ma H$amdo. VmiçmÀ`m IwUm qH$dm {MÌo
dmnamdr. Aem VŠË`m§À`m AmYmao JwUmË_H$ d g§»`mË_H$ ñdê$nmMo àíZ {dMmamdo.
88
{H$emoaMr dJ©Ur ^am AmVm Am°ZbmBZ!
dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur 80 én`o
({Xdmir A§H$mgh)
nwT>rb do~gmB©Q>bm ^oQ> Úm. www.kishor.ebalbharati.in
{H$emoa: kmZ Am{U ‘Zmoa§OZmMm
AØþV I{OZm
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