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भारताचे संविधान

भाग ४ क

नागरिकांची मूलभूत कर्तव्ये


अनुच्छेद ५१ क

मूलभूत कर्तव्ये – प्रत्येक भारतीय नागरिकाचे हे कर्तव्य असेल की त्याने –


(क) प्रत्येक नागरिकाने संविधानाचे पालन करावे. संविधानातील आदर्शांचा, राष्ट्रध्वज व
राष्ट्रगीताचा आदर करावा.
(ख) स्वातंत्र्याच्या चळवळीला प्रेरणा देणाऱ्या आदर्शांचे पालन करावे.
(ग) देशाचे सार्वभौमत्व, एकता व अखंडत्व सुरक्षित ठेवण्यासाठी प्रयत्नशील असावे.
(घ) आपल्या देशाचे रक्षण करावे, देशाची सेवा करावी.
(ङ) सर्व प्रकारचे भेद विसरून एकोपा वाढवावा व बंधुत्वाची भावना जोपासावी.
स्त्रियांच्या प्रतिष्ठेला कमीपणा आणतील अशा प्रथांचा त्याग करावा.
(च) आपल्या संमिश्र संस्कृतीच्या वारशाचे जतन करावे.
(छ) नैसर्गिक पर्यावरणाचे जतन करावे. सजीव प्राण्यांबद्दल दयाबुद्धी बाळगावी.
(ज) वैज्ञानिक दृष्टी, मानवतावाद आणि जिज्ञासूवृत्ती अंगी बाळगावी.
(झ) सार्वजनिक मालमत्तेचे जतन करावे. हिंसेचा त्याग करावा.
(ञ) देशाची उत्तरोत्तर प्रगती होण्यासाठी व्यक्तिगत व सामूहिक कार्यात उच्चत्वाची
पातळी गाठण्याचा प्रयत्न करावा.
(ट) ६ ते १४ वयोगटातील आपल्या पाल्यांना पालकांनी शिक्षणाच्या संधी उपलब्ध करून
द्याव्यात.
{ejU ImË`mMm _§Owar H«$_m§H$ : àm{eg§/2014 - 15/2101/ _§Owar/S-505/757, {XZm§H$ 4.2.2014

Amnë`m ñ_mQ>©\$moZdarb DIKSHA App X²dmao nmR>çnwñVH$mÀ`m


n{hë`m n¥îR>mdarb Q. R. Code X²dmaoo {S>{OQ>b nmR>çnwñVH$ d àË`oH$
nmR>m_Ü`o Agboë`m Q. R. Code X²dmao Ë`m nmR>mg§~§{YV AÜ``Z
AÜ`mnZmgmR>r Cn`wŠV ÑH$lmì` gm{hË` CnbãY hmoB©b.
AmRdo
àñVmdZm
"~mbH$m§À`m _mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z`_ - 2009' Am{U "amîQ´>r` Aä`mgH«$_
AmamIS>m - 2005' S>moiçm§g_moa R>odyZ _hmamîQ´> amÁ`mV "àmW{_H$ {ejU Aä`mgH«$_ - 2012 ' V`ma H$aÊ`mV
Ambm. `m emgZ_mÝ` Aä`mgH«$_mda AmYm[aV J{UV B`ËVm n{hbr Vo B`ËVm AmR>drÀ`m nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mr ZdrZ
_mbm 2013-2014 `m embo` dfm©nmgyZ Q>ßß`mQ>ßß`mZo nmR>çnwñVH$ _§S>i àH$m{eV H$aV Amho. `m _mboVrb
J{UV B`ËVm {VgarMo ho nmR>çnwñVH$ Amnë`m hmVr XoVmZm Amåhm§bm {deof AmZ§X dmQ>Vmo.
gd© AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$`m ~mbH|${ÐV Agmdr, H¥${VàYmZVm d kmZaMZmdmXmda ^a {Xbm Omdm,
àmW{_H$ {ejUmÀ`m AIoarg {dXçmÏ`m©Zo {H$_mZ j_Vm àmßV H$amì`m, VgoM {ejUmMr à{H«$`m a§OH$ Am{U
AmZ§XXm`r ìhmdr, hm ÑpîQ>H$moZ g_moa R>odyZ `m nwñVH$mMr aMZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
{dXçm϶mª‘ܶo {ZgJ©V: Agbobr {MÌm§Mr AmdS> Am{U ñdV: H$mhrVar H$aÊ`mMr YS>nS> bjmV KoD$Z ho
nwñVH$ {MÌê$n Am{U H¥${VàYmZ R>odÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. {MÌo eŠ`Vmo ~mobH$s Am{U J{UVmVrb g§H$ënZm
ñnîQ> H$aÊ`mg gmhmæ`^yV R>aVrb Aer AmhoV.
J{UV g§~moYm§Mr COiUr ìhmdr, Ë`m§Mo {ñWarH$aU ìhmdo, ñd`§-AÜ``Z gwb^ ìhmdo åhUyZ nwñVH$mV
loUr~X²Y (Graded) "ñdmÜ`m`' Am{U "g§dmXm§Mm' g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. ñdmÜ`m`m§_Yrb àíZ
{dXçmÏ`mªZr ñdà¶ËZmZo gmoS>dmdo Aer Anojm Amho. ñdmÜ`m` H§$Q>midmUo hmoD$ Z`oV `mgmR>r Ë`m§_Ü`o {d{dYVm
AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.
àË`oH$ nmR>mÀ`m g§X^m©V {ejH$m§Zr Or ^mfm {dXçmÏ`mªg_moa _m§S>mdr Aer Anojm Amho, Vr
nmR>çnwñVH$mV {Xbr Amho; VgoM {ejH$m§gmR>r doJiçm gyMZm H$mhr n¥îR>m§da {Xë`m AmhoV. AÜ`mnZ OmñVrV
OmñV H¥${VàYmZ ìhmdo `mgmR>r gyMZm d CnH«$_ XoÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV.
ho nmR>çnwñVH$ OmñVrV OmñV {ZXm}f d XO}Xma ìhmdo, `m ÑîQ>rZo _hmamîQ´>mÀ`m gd© ^mJm§Vrb {ZdS>H$
{ejH$, VgoM H$mhr {ejUVÁk d {df`VÁk `m§À`mH$Sy>Z `m nwñVH$mMo g_rjU H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV Ambo Amho.
{ejH$, nmbH$ `m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ambobr nÌoo, d¥ËVnÌm§VyZ N>mnyZ Ambobr Q>r>H$mË_H$ narjUo `m§Vrb gyMZm§Mm
{dMma ho nmR>çnwñVH$ V`ma H$aVmZm Ho$bm Amho. `m gdmªZr {Xboë`m ghH$m`m©~X²Xb _§S>i Ë`m§Mo Am^mar Amho.
Amboë`m gyMZm d A{^àm` `m§Mm J{UV {df` g{_VrZo `mo½` Vmo {dMma H$ê$Z `m nwñVH$mbm A§{V_ ñdê$n
{Xbo Amho.
_§S>imMr J{UV {df` g{_Vr, H$m`©JQ>, lr. {d. {X. JmoS>~mobo ({Z_§{ÌV) d {MÌH$ma `m§À`m
AmñWmnyd©H$ n[al_m§VyZ ho nwñVH$ V`ma Pmbo Amho. _§S>i `m gdmªMo _Z:nyd©H$ Am^mar Amho.
{dXçmWu, {ejH$ d nmbH$ `m nwñVH$mMo ñdmJV H$aVrb Aer Amem Amho.

(M§. am. ~moaH$a)


nwUo g§MmbH$
{XZm§H$ : 4 {S>g|~a, 2013 _hmamîQ´> amÁ` nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{_©Vr d
13 AJ«hm`U>, 1935 Aä`mgH«$_ g§emoYZ _§S>i, nwUo.
{d^mJ n{hbm
^m¡{_{VH$ AmH¥$Ë`m§Mr AmoiI  
COiUr
n Mm¡H$moZ, {ÌH$moU, dVw©i
{d{dY Mm¡H$moZ {d{dY {ÌH$moU dVw©io

F Imbrb {MÌo nmhÿZ ˶mVrb ^m¡{‘{VH$ AmH¥$Ë`m AmoiIm d H$mT>m. Ë`m§Mr Zmdo {bhm.

{MÌo

AmH¥$Vr

AmH¥$VrMo Zmd Am¶V

F darb {MÌmVrb {ÌH$moU, dVw©io, Mm¡H$moZ AmoiIm. {ÌH$moU bmb, Mm¡H$moZ {Ziçm d dVw©io
{ndiçm a§JmZo a§Jdm.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : nwR²>R>çmMo da {Xbobo d BVahr AZoH$ doJdoJio AmH$ma H$mnyZ Q>o~bmda R>odmdo. ˶m§Mo {ÌH$moU, Am`V,
Mm¡ag d dVw©i Ago dJuH$aU H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. `m§n¡H$s H$mhr AmH$mam§Mo darb àH$mam§V dJuH$aU hmoUma
Zmhr, ho {dXçmÏ`mªÀ¶m bjmV AmUyZ Xçmdo.

1
H$S>m d H$monao
~\$s©Mm VwH$S>m nmhm.
~\$uMm VwH$S>m Mm¡H$moZr Amho.
Mm¡H$moZmbm Mma H$S>m d Mma H$monao AgVmV.

Q>o~bmÀ`m n¥îR>^mJmMo {ZarjU H$am.


F Q>o~bmÀ`m n¥îR>^mJmbm {H$Vr H$S>m AmhoV ?
F Q>o~bmÀ`m n¥îR>^mJmbm {H$Vr H$monao AmhoV ?
F Q>o~bmÀ`m n¥îR>^mJmMm AmH$ma H$moUVm ?

n Am`V

eoOmar XmIdë¶mà‘mUo EH$ Am¶VmH$ma H$mJX ¿`m.


F Am¶Vmbm H$S>m {H$Vr d H$monao {H$Vr ?

AmVm g_moamg_moarb H$S>m EH$_oH$s¨er OmoS>Ê`mgmR>r H$mJXmbm Aer


_Ymo_Y KS>r Kmby.
nmhm ! OmñV bm§~rMr H$S> g_moaÀ`m H$S>oer V§VmoV§V OwiVo.
H$_r bm§~rMr H$S> g_moaÀ`m H$S>oer V§VmoV§V OwiVo.
Am`VmÀ`m g_moamg_moaÀ`m H$S>m g_mZ bm§~rÀ`m AgVmV.

n Mm¡ag
é_mbmMo {ZarjU H$ê$.
hm Mm¡ag Amho.
F Mm¡agmbm H$S>m d H$monao {H$Vr ?
é‘mbmMr AmS>dr d C^r KS>r KmbyZ g‘moamg‘moaÀ¶m H$S>m
g‘mZ bm§~rÀ¶m AmhoV H$m Vo nmhm.
AmVm é_mbmMo g_moamg_moarb H$monao EH$_oH$m§er OwiVmV H$m,
ho nmhʶmgmR>r Aer KS>r Kmby.
H$monao OwiVmV d bJVÀ`m H$S>mhr EH$_oH$s§er OwiVmV.
AmVm é_mbmMr nwÝhm KS>r Kmbm. gd© H$S>m EH$‘oH$s¨er OwiVmV.

2
Mm¡agmÀ`m Mmahr H$S>m g_mZ bm§~rÀ`m AgVmV.
é‘mbmMr KS>r KmVë¶mda {ÌH$moU {‘imbm, ho bjmV ¿¶m.

n {ÌH$moU
F {ÌH$moUmbm H$S>m {H$Vr ? H$monao {H$Vr ?
n[agamV Amnë¶mbm hm AmH$ma Hw$R>o Hw$R>o {XgVmo, Vo emoYm.
H$mS>çm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z Imbrb AmH$ma V`ma H$am.
Mm¡H$moZ , Am`V , Mm¡ag , {ÌH$moU.

F Imbrb VŠVm nyU© H$am.

AmH¥$Vr AmH¥$VrMo Zmd H$S>m§Mr g§»`m H$monè`m§Mr g§»`m

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : a§JrV H$mJXmMo Am¶V, Mm¡ag, {ÌH$moU ¶m AmH$mam§Mo VwH$S>o H$mnyZ R>odmdo. ˶m§Mo JwUY‘© {dXçm϶mªZm
Vnmgʶmg gm§Jmdo. dVw©imMr H$S> hr dH«$mH$ma AgVo d dVw©imbm H$monao ZgVmV, ho {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m
bjmV AmUyZ Xçmdo.

3
n nmM VwH$S>çm§Mm Q>°ZJ«°_ V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nX²YV
EH$ Mm¡agmH¥$Vr H$mJX ¿`m.
Ë`m H$mJXmbm KS>çm KmbyZ Mm¡agmMm _Ü` emoYm. VgoM Mmahr
H$S>m§À¶m _Ü`q~Xÿ§da IwUm H$am. AmH¥$VrV XmIdë`mà_mUo aoKm
H$mTy>Z Mm¡agmMm _Ü` d H$S>m§Mo _Ü` OmoS>m.
AmH¥$VrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo aoKm§da H$mnyZ nmM VwH$S>o V`ma H$am. 1 2
3
n eoOmarb Q>°ZJ«°_Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao emoYm. 5 4

F Vw‘À¶m Q>°ZJ«°‘‘ܶo {H$Vr {ÌH$moU AmhoV ?


1 2
F gd© {ÌH$moU gmaIo AmhoV H$m ?
3
F XmoZ {ÌH$moU OmoSy>Z EH$ Mm¡ag V¶ma H$aVm ¶oB©b H$m ? 5 4

F XmoZ {ÌH$moU OmoSy>Z ‘moR>m {ÌH$moU V¶ma hmoB©b H$m ?


F ¶mV {H$Vr Mm¡ag AmhoV ? {H$Vr Mm¡H$moZ AmhoV ?
F {MÌmVrb {R>nŠ`m§À`m H$mJXmda H$mT>boë¶m AmH¥$Ë`m AmoiIm. Ë`m§n¡H$s {ÌH$moU bmb a§JmZo,
Mm¡ag {Ziçm a§JmZo d Am`V {haì`m a§JmZo a§Jdm.

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {dXçmÏ`mªZm XmoarÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo dVw©i, Am`V, Mm¡ag, {ÌH$moU ho AmH$ma H$am¶bm gm§Jmdo.
doJdoJio Q>°ZJ«°‘ {‘idyZ ˶m§nmgyZ doJdoJiçm AmH¥$˶m V¶ma H$aʶmg {dXçm϶mªZm àmoËgmhZ Xçmdo.

4
g§»`mkmZ

F Imbrb gmaUrV 1 Vo 10 ¶m g§»`m§À¶m Mm¡H$Q>r bmb a§JmZo, 11 Vo 20 `m g§»`m§À¶m Mm¡H$Q>r


{haì`m a§JmZo, ..... `mà_mUo {d{dY a§Jm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z gd© Mm¡H$Q>r a§Jdm.
99 19 78 45 59 80 67 98 46 47
18 82 79 8 40 39 97 5 68 26
51 4 58 88 13 75 17 95 52 16
83 81 71 34 87 1 96 38 25 27
32 77 2 76 12 63 53 60 9 37
65 10 100 14 64 24 11 94 93 36
31 72 41 55 29 54 22 35 3 48
84 30 15 6 86 23 62 61 70 69
57 66 56 73 33 89 7 42 92 49
44 85 28 74 20 50 90 91 21 43
n 26 Vo 99 g§»`m§Mo Ajar boIZ
26 gìdrg 27 gËVmdrg 28 AR²>R>mdrg 29 EH$moUVrg 30 Vrg
31 EH$Vrg 32 ~ËVrg 33 VohVrg 34 Mm¡Vrg 35 nñVrg
36 N>ËVrg 37 gXVrg 38 AS>Vrg 39 EH$moUMmirg 40 Mmirg
41 EHo$Mmirg 42 ~oMmirg 43 ÌoMmirg 44 MìdoMmirg 45 n§MoMmirg
46 eohoMmirg 47 gËVoMmirg 48 AR²>R>oMmirg 49 EH$moUnÝZmg 50 nÝZmg
51 EH$mdÝZ 52 ~mdÝZ 53 ÌonÝZ 54 MmonÝZ 55 n§MmdÝZ
56 N>ßnÝZ 57 gËVmdÝZ 58 AR²>R>mdÝZ 59 EH$moUgmR> 60 gmR>
61 EH$gîQ> 62 ~mgîQ> 63 ÌogîQ> 64 Mm¡gîQ> 65 nmgîQ>
66 ghmgîQ> 67 gXþgîQ> 68 ASw>gîQ> 69 EH$moUgËVa 70 gËVa
71 EH$mhËVa 72 ~mhËVa 73 ͶmhËVa 74 Mm¡è¶mhËVa 75 n§MmhËVa
76 ehmËVa 77 gË˶mhËVa 78 AR²>R>çmhËVa 79 EH$moUE|er 80 E|oer
81 E³¶mE|er 82 ã¶mE|er 83 ͶmE|er 84 Mm¡è¶mE|er 85 n§MmE|er
86 ehmE|er 87 gË˶mE|er 88 AR²>R>çmE|er 89 EH$moUZìdX 90 ZìdX
91 E³¶mÊUd 92 ã¶mÊUd 93 ͶmÊUd 94 Mm¡è¶mÊUd 95 n§MmÊUd
96 ehmÊUd 97 gË˶mÊUd 98 AR²>R>çmÊUd 99 Zì¶mÊUd
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : \$aerda g§»`m {bhÿZ qH$dm g§»`mH$mS>} R>odyZ Ë`m^modVr {dXçmÏ`mªZm C^o H$ê$Z H«$_mZo g§»`m
emoYÊ`mMm Ioi ¿`mdm.
5
eVH$mMr AmoiI
Q>moZr : `m e§^a Jmoiçm AmhoV. Z§Xy : _r EH$ eVH$ Ymdm H$mT>ë`m.

gmoZy : _r EH$ eoH$S>m åhUOoM


gb_m : _r `m ~m§JS>çm _moOë`m. 100 g§Ìr AmUbr.
Ë`m 10 XeH$ AmhoV.

VmB© : Vw‘Mo à˶oH$mMo åhUUo ~amo~a Amho. VrM g§»¶m à˶oH$mZo doJdoJiçm àH$mamZo
gm§{JVbr. eVH$ åhUOo e§^a EH$H$ qH$dm ZwgVo e§^a, Xhm XeH$ åhUOo e§^a, eoH$S>m
åhUOo e§^a Am{U EH$eo åhUOo XoIrb e§^a.

gmoZyZo `m _mioVrb 100 _Ur ~Q>ì`mV KmVbo. hm Pmbm eVH$mMm ~Q>dm.

XeH$ H$mS>çm
åhUOo 1 eVH$ H$mS>çm.

20 én¶m§À¶m 5 ZmoQ>m
åhUOo én`o,
åhUOo 1 eVH$ én`o.

6
nyU© eVH$
9 _Ur Am{U 1 _Ur {_iyZ 10 _Ur.
10 dñVy§Mm g_yh åhUOo EH$ XeH$.
XE 99 hr XmoZ A§H$s gdmªV _moR>r g§»`m
99 Amho. {VÀ¶mV 1 {_idë¶mda 100
+ 1 hr VrZ A§H$s g§»`m V`ma Pmbr.
1 0 0
100 ¶m VrZ A§H$s g§»¶oV XeH$mÀ¶m S>mdrH$S>o ZdrZ ñWmZ eVH$mMo Amho.
100 åhUOo e X E 100 hr VrZ A§H$s g§»`m Amho.
1 0 0
e e XmoZeo e e e VrZeo

e e e e Mmaeo e e e e e nmMeo

e
e e e e e e e e ZD$eo

10 XeH$ åhUOo 1 eVH$


X X X X X X X X X X åhUOo EH$eo (100)

X X X X X X X X X X 20 XeH$ åhUOo 2 eVH$


X X X X X X X X X X åhUOo XmoZeo (200)

X X X X X X X X X
X
X X X X X X X X X X 40 XeH$ åhUOo 4 eVH$
X X X X X X X X X X åhUOo Mmaeo (400)
X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X 50 XeH$ åhUOo 5 eVH$
X X X X X X X X X X åhUOo nmMeo (500)
X X X X X X X X X X
7
VrZ A§H$s g§»`m : AmoiI
F [aH$må¶m Mm¡H$Q>tV g§»¶m Ajam§V {bhm.
g§»¶m $
ISy> eVH$ XeH$ EH$H$ A§H$m§V Ajar
boIZ boIZ

1 0 1 101 EH$eo EH
e

1 0 2 102 EH$eo XmoZ


e

1 0 3 103
e

1 0 4 104
e

1 0 5 105
e

1 0 6 106
e

1 0 7 107
e

1 0 8 108
e

1 0 9 109
e

1 1 0 110
e

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : 100 ISy>§Mm ~m°³g, 10 ISy>§Mo nmH$sQ> d gwQ>o ISy> ¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z g§»¶m {b{hʶmg gm§Jmdo.

8
VrZ A§H$s g§»`m : AmoiI
F gmaUrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo ‘{UVmam§‘ܶo ¶mo½¶ VodT>o ‘Ur Kmbm. g§»¶m A§H$m§V d Ajam§V
{bhm.

XmoZeo
e e 254
X X X X X MmonÝZ
e X E

e e e e e e X ghmeo
617
gVam
e X E

e e e e
X X X
e X E
e e e e e e e

X X X X e X E

e e e e e e e e
e X E
X X X X X X X X
e e e e e e X E

X X X X
X X X X X e e e e e X E

X X X X X X X X X
e e X E

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : àË`oH$s 100 _Ur Agbobo ~Q>do, àË`oH$s 10 _Ur Agboë`m _mim d H$mhr gwQ>o _Ur KoD$Z
{dXçmÏ`mªZm 3 A§H$s g§»`m V`ma H$aʶmg Xçmì`m. ~Q>do, _mim, gwQ>o _Ur `m§À`m OmJm ~Xbë`m,
Var g§Ho$VmZwgma `mo½` arVrZo g§»`m {b{hÊ`mMm Iyn gamd ¿`mdm.

9
VrZ A§H$s g§»`m : boIZ d dmMZ
F Mm¡H$Q>tV `mo½` g§»`m ^am d g§»`m dmMm.

101 211 321 431 541 651 761 871 981

102 212 432 652 762 872 982

103 213 323 543

104 214 434 544 764 874

105 325 435 655 875 985

216 766

107 217 327 437 547 657 877

328 438 768 988

109 219 659

110 220 330 440 550 770 880 990


F {Xboë¶m A§H$m§À¶m g‘yhmVrb àË`oH$ A§H$ EH$XmM dmnê$Z VrZ A§H$s g§»`m V`ma H$am.
1
123, 132, 213, 231, 312, 321
2 3
3
305, 350, 530, 503
0 5
035, 053 `m VrZ A§H$s g§»`m ZmhrV ho bjmV ¿`m, H$maU ˶m g§»¶m XmoZM A§H$
dmnê$Z 35, 53 Aem {b{hVmV.
6 1 4 3
2 5
7 8 9 0 7
6
H$moUVrhr VrZ A§H$s g§»`m ¿`m. Ë`mVrb eVH$ñWmZMm A§H$ ~XbyZ ZdrZ g§»`m V`ma H$am,
VgoM XeH$ d EH$H$ñWmZMo A§H$ ~XbyZ ZdrZ g§»`m V`ma H$am.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : Wmn åhUOo eVH$, Q>mir åhUOo XeH$, MwQ>H$s åhUOo EH$H$ Ago g‘OyZ g§»`m V`ma H$amì`m.

10
_mJMr g§»`m, nwT>Mr g§»`m
F Imbrb g§»`mnQ²>Q>çm§Vrb g§»`m dmMm.
99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226

399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410
F darb g§»`mnQ²>Q>çm§À`m _XVrZo bJVMr nwT>Mr g§»`m {bhm.
D 105, D 220, D 409, D 219,
F darb g§»`mnQ²>Q>çm§À`m _XVrZo bJVMr _mJMr g§»`m {bhm.
D , 400 D , 107 D , 218 D , 110
F darb g§»`mnQ²>Q>çm§À`m _XVrZo bJVMr _mJMr d bJVMr nwT>Mr g§»`m {bhm.
D , 217 , D , 100 , D , 409 ,

F {Xboë`m g§»`oÀ¶m bJVMr nwT>Mr g§»`m Ë`m g§»`onojm {H$VrZo _moR>r AgVo ?
F {Xboë`m g§»`oÀ¶m bJVMr ‘mJMr g§»`m Ë`m g§»`onojm {H$VrZo bhmZ AgVo ?
F 435 ‘ܶo 1 {‘idyZ `oUmar g§»¶m H$moUVr ?
F 435 _YyZ 1 H$‘r H$ê$Z ¶oUmar g§»¶m H$moUVr ?
F bJVMr nwT>Mr d bJVMr _mJMr g§»`m {bhm.
D 118 , 119 , 120 D , 200 , D , 391,
D , 599 , D , 800 , D , 707,
F {Xboë¶m g§»¶oÀ¶m nwT>rb H$moU˶mhr VrZ g§»`m {bhm.
D 555, 600 , 650 , 977 D 399, , ,
F {Xboë¶m g§»¶oÀ¶m ‘mJrb H$moU˶mhr VrZ g§»`m {bhm.
D 99 , 312 , 407 , 500 D , , , 601
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : 100, 199, 300, 499, 201, 590 `m§gma»`m g§»`m§À`m _mJrb d nwT>rb g§»`m gm§JÊ`mMm gamd
¿`mdm.

11
bhmZ-_moR>onUmgmR>r {MÝhm§Mm dmna < , >
F g§»¶m§Mm bhmZ-‘moR>onUm R>adm.
g§»¶m 8, 2 77, 59 39, 9 14, 35 67, 32
bhmZ g§»¶m
‘moR>r g§»¶m
n {MÝhm§Mm Cn¶moJ Y Y
Y Y
Y Y Y Y
Y Y
Y Y
Y Y

5 > 2 Mo dmMZ : 5 ‘moR>o 2 nojm 2 < 5 Mo dmMZ : 2 bhmZ 5 nojm

27 40 91    49
27 < 40 Mo dmMZ : 27 bhmZ 40 nojm. 91 > 49 Mo dmMZ : 91 ‘moR>o 49 nojm.

F Imbrb Mm¡H$Q>tV >, < ¶m§n¡H$s ¶mo½¶ {MÝh {bhm.


10 > 9 9 10 5 3 3 5
50 49 49 50 23 25 73 75
500 499 499 500 500 300 600 400

Q>moZr : {Xboë`m XmoÝhr g§»¶m XmoZ A§H$s AgVrb, Va Ë`m§Mm bhmZ-‘moR>onUm Amnë¶mbm
R>adVm ¶oVmo; nU EH$ g§»¶m XmoZ A§H$s Am{U EH$ g§»¶m VrZ A§H$s Agob Va ?
VmB© : AmYr XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m§n¡H$s gJiçm§V ‘moR>r g§»¶m gm§J ~a§ !
Q>moZr : gmon§ Amho. gJiçm XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m§V 99 hr gdmªV ‘moR>r g§»¶m Amho.
99 nojm ‘moR>r bJVMr g§»¶m Amho 100. Vr Va VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m Amho.
VmB© : ‘J Vwåhm§bm g‘Ob§ Zm, XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m 99 qH$dm {VÀ¶mnojm bhmZ AgVo, åhUyZ
Vr 100 nojm bhmZ AgVo. VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m 100 qH$dm {VÀ¶mnojm ‘moR>r AgVo.
Q>moZr : ¶mdê$Z bjmV ¶oV§, H$s VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶onojm ‘moR>rM AgVo.
gb‘m : VgmM {dMma Ho$bm, Va XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m, EH$ A§H$s g§»¶onojm ‘moR>rM AgVo Zm ?
VmB© : ~amo~a !

12
bhmZ-_moR>onUm (nwT>o Mmby)
Z§Xÿ : VrZ A§H$s XmoZ g§»¶m AgVrb, Va ˶m§n¡H$s bhmZ-‘moR>r g§»¶m H$er AmoiIm¶Mr?
VmB© : WmoS>r gmonr CXmhaU§ nmhÿ. 500 d 300 ¶m g§»¶m nmhm. ¶mVrb H$moUVr g§»¶m ‘moR>r
Amho ?
gb‘m : 5 eVH$ 3 eVH$m§nojm ‘moR>o AmhoV, åhUyZ 500 > 300.
VmB© : AmVm 325 d 625 ¶m g§»¶m nmhm. BWo XmoÝhr g§»¶m§Vrb XeH$ g‘mZ d EH$H$hr
g‘mZ AmhoV; nU 6 eVH$ ho 3 eVH$m§nojm ‘moR>o AmhoV, åhUyZ 625 > 325.
Q>moZr : XmoZ g§»¶m§‘ܶo eVH$, XeH$, EH$H$ gJio doJdoJio Agbo, Va H$m¶ H$am¶M§ ?
Z§Xÿ : 495 Am{U 812 ¶m g§»¶m nmhm.
VmB© : 495 ‘ܶo eVH$mÀ¶m KamVbm A§H$ Amho 4. Vmo 812 À¶m eVH$mÀ¶m A§H$mnojm bhmZ
Amho, ho ‘hËËdmM§ Amho. AmnU AmYr 495 Z§Va bJoM ¶oUmar nyU© eVH$s g§»¶m nmhÿ.
Q>moZr : Vr Amho 500 Am{U 495 < 500.
VmB© : 812 ¶m g§»¶oMm eVH$ Amho 8. Amnë¶mbm ‘mhrV Amho, H$s 500 < 800 Am{U
800 < 812, åhUyZ 495 < 812. ho g‘Ob§ H$m ?
Q>moZr : hmo, Agm {dMma Ho$bm, Va Vo AdKS> Zmhr.
Z§Xÿ : åhUOo VrZ A§H$s XmoZ g§»¶m {Xë¶m, Va {OMm eVH$ñWmZMm A§H$ ‘moR>m, Vr OmñV
‘moR>r.
F bhmZ-_moR>r g§»`m R>adm.
721 589 423 723 600 497
gb‘m : nU XmoÝhr g§»¶m§À¶m eVH$m§À¶m Kam§Vrb A§H$ g‘mZ AgVrb Va H$m¶ H$am¶Mo ?
718 d 720 ¶m g§»¶m nmhm.
VmB© : hoXoIrb gmono Amho. eVH$ g‘mZ Agbo, Va XeH$ d EH$H$mZo V¶ma Pmboë¶m g§»¶m
nmhm.
gmoZy : 720 d 718 ¶m§‘ܶo 20 d 18 Mr VwbZm H$am¶Mr Zm ? 20 > 18 åhUyZ
720 > 718.
VmB© : ~amo~a Amho. XmoZ g§»¶m§‘Yrb eVH$ñWmZMo A§H$ g‘mZ AgVrb, Va {OMm
XeH$ñWmZMm A§H$ _moR>m Agob, Vr g§»¶m ‘moR>r. eVH$ d XeH$ñWmZMo A§H$ g_mZ
Agbo, Va EH$H$ñWmZMm A§H$ nmhÿZ Hw$R>br g§»¶m ‘moR>r Amho Vo R>adm.

F {Xboë¶m g§»¶m§À¶m OmoS>çm§‘ܶo < , > ¶m§n¡H$s ¶mo½¶ Vo {MÝh {bhm.


427 267, 150 501, 813 79, 300 624
13
MT>Vm - CVaVm H«$‘
Q>moZr, gmoZy, gb‘m d Z§Xÿ `m§Zm J{UV {df¶mV Imbrbà_mUo JwU {_imbo.
Q>moZr 70, gb‘m 87, gmoZy 79, Z§Xÿ 85.
`m gdmªMo JwU MT>Ë`m H«$_mZo d CVa˶m H«$‘mZo [bhm.
MT>Vm H«$‘ : 70, 79, 85, 87 CVa>Vm H«$‘ : 87, 85, 79, 70
F Imbrb g§»¶m§Mm MT>Vm d CVaVm H«$_ bmdm.
g§»¶m MT>Vm H«$_ CVaVm H«$_
55, 63, 40, 80
69, 9, 59, 70
14, 29, 47, 39
F 122, 360, 325 `m g§»`m§Mm F 801, 617, 847, 799 `m g§»`m§Mm
MT>Vm d CVaVm H«$_ bmdm. MT>Vm d CVaVm H«$_ bmdm.
gdmªV bhmZ g§»`m : 122 gdmªV bhmZ g§»`m : 617
gdmªV _moR>r g§»`m : 360 AmVm Caë`m 801, 847, 799
MT>Vm H«$_ : 122, 325, 360 `m§Vrb gdmªV bhmZ g§»`m : 799
hm 122 < 325 < 360 Agmhr Z§Va Caë`m : 801, 847
{b{hVmV. `m§n¡H$s bhmZ g§»`m 801 d Z§VaMr g§»`m 847.
CVaVm H«$_ : 360, 325, 122 MT>Vm H«$_ : 617, 799, 801, 847
hm 360 > 325 > 122 Agmhr CVaVm H«$_ : 847, 801, 799, 617
{b{hVmV.
F g§»¶m§Mm MT>Vm H«$‘ d CVaVm H«$‘.

{Xboë`m g§»`m MT>Vm H«$‘ CVaVm H«$‘


217, 211, 215 211, 215, 217 217, 215, 211
500, 400, 100, 600 100, 400, 500, 600 600, 500, 400, 100
519, 419, 619 419, 519, 619 619, 519, 419
785, 757, 8, 81 8, 81, 757, 785 785, 757, 81, 8
15, 100, 81, 167 15, 81, 100, 167 167, 100, 81, 15

F Imbrb g§»¶m MT>˶m d CVa˶m H«$‘mZo {bhm.


D 117, 69, 50, 8 D 217, 271, 270 D 365, 73, 12, 116
D 912, 27, 356 D 315, 215, 515 D 527, 8, 324, 63
D 88, 78, 75 D 500, 501, 499 D 285, 407, 589, 360
D 888, 788, 688 D 105, 107, 101, 102 D 909, 990, 999
14
{Xboë¶m A§H$m§nmgyZ gdmªV bhmZ d gdmªV ‘moR>r g§»¶m

VmB© : 2, 3, 5 ¶m A§H$m§nmgyZ VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m V¶ma H$ê$¶m.


gmoZy : EH$ A§H$ EH$XmM ¿¶m¶Mm H$m ?
Q>moZr : hmo. ZmhrVa IynM g§»¶m V¶ma hmoVrb. 222, 232, 233, 323, 333, 235, 253
Aem {H$VrVar g§»¶m V¶ma hmoVrb.
gb‘m : à˶oH$ A§H$ EH$XmM dmnabm, Va ‘mÌ 235, 253, 325, 352, 532, 523 EdT>çmM
g§»¶m V¶ma hmoVrb.
VmB© : AmVm ¶m§Vë¶m g§»¶m§Mr VwbZm H$ê$Z bhmZ-‘moR>çm g§»¶m R>adm ~a§ !
Q>moZr : ¶m g§»¶m§n¡H$s 532 Am{U 523 ¶m g§»¶m§À¶m eVH$ñWmZMm A§H$ gdmªV ‘moR>m Amho.
¶m XmoZ g§»¶m§‘ܶo VwbZm H$aVmZm 32 hr g§»¶m 23 nojm ‘moR>r, åhUyZ 532 > 523.
åhUOo 2, 3, 5 ¶m A§H$m§nmgyZ V¶ma Pmboë¶m g§»¶m§n¡H$s 532 hr g§»¶m gdmªV ‘moR>r.
gb‘m : BWo V¶ma Pmboë¶m g§»¶m§n¡H$s eVH$ñWmZr 2 Agboë¶m g§»¶m§n¡H$s 235 d 253 ‘ܶo
35 < 53 ¶mdê$Z 235 < 253.
VmB© : em~mg !
Z§Xÿ : {Xboë¶m A§H$m§nmgyZ gd© g§»¶m V¶ma Z H$aVm, EH$X‘ gdmªV bhmZ d gdmªV ‘moR>r
g§»¶m V¶ma H$aVm ¶oB©b H$m ?
Q>moZr : hmo. gdmªV ‘moR>çm g§»¶oVrb eVH$ñWmZMm A§H$ gdmªV ‘moR>m AgUmaM. Caboë¶m XmoZ
A§H$m§Mr g§»¶m V¶ma H$aVmZm ‘moR>çm g§»¶ogmR>r ˶m§Vbm ‘moR>m A§H$ XeH$ñWmZr ¶oB©b.
gmoZy : åhUOo ‘moR>çm§V ‘moR>r g§»¶m V¶ma H$aVmZm {Xbobo A§H$ CVa˶m H«$‘mZo {bhmdo.
Ogo, Amnë¶m CXmhaUmV gdmªV ‘moR>r g§»¶m 532.
gb‘m : {Xboë¶m VrZ A§H$m§nmgyZ bhmZm§V bhmZ g§»¶m H$er V¶ma H$am¶Mr Vo ‘r gm§Jy H$m ?
eVH$ñWmZr gdmªV bhmZ A§H$ {bhm¶Mm. EH$H$ñWmZr gdmªV ‘moR>m d Cabobm
XeH$ñWmZr {bhm¶Mm. WmoS>³¶mV, {Xbobo A§H$ MT>˶m H«$‘mZo {b{hbo, H$s VrZ A§H$s
gdmªV bhmZ g§»¶m V¶ma hmoB©b. Ogo ¶oWo 235.
gmoZy : nU {Xboë¶m A§H$m§‘ܶo eyݶ Agob, Va Ag§M H$am¶M§ H$m ?
VmB© : Zmhr. Vg§ Ho$b§ Va Vr g§»¶m VrZ A§H$s Z hmoVm XmoZ A§H$s hmoB©b. CXmhaUmgmR>r 5,0,2
ho A§H$ nmhm. eVH$ñWmZr eyݶ Agob, Va 025, 052 ¶m g§»¶m V¶ma hmoVmV; nU ˶m
25 d 52 Aem XmoZ A§H$m§‘ܶo {b{hVm ¶oVmV, åhUyZ ˶m XmoZ A§H$s AmhoV.
Z§Xÿ : {Xboë¶m A§H$m§‘ܶo 0 Agob Va eyݶoVa (eyݶ gmoSy>Z BVa) A§H$m§n¡H$s bhmZ A§H$
eVH$ñWmZr R>ody¶m.
gb‘m : eyݶ XeH$ñWmZr {bhÿZ Cabobm A§H$ EH$H$ñWmZr {bhm¶bm hdm.
VmB© : ~amo~a. Ogo 5, 0, 2 ¶m A§H$m§Zr ~Zdbobr gdmªV bhmZ VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m 205 Amho.
F {Xboë¶m A§H$m§nmgyZ gdmªV bhmZ d gdmªV ‘moR>r VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m {bhm.
D 9, 4, 6 D 7, 0, 4 D 3, 9, 5 D 8, 5, 9
15
g§»¶oMo {dñVm[aV ê$n
VmB© : 824 _Ü`o {H$Vr eVH$, {H$Vr XeH$ AmhoV d {H$Vr EH$H$ AmhoV ?
gmoZy : 824 åhUOo 8 eVH$ 2 XeH$ d 4 EH$H$.
Q>moZr : åhUOo 824 = 800 + 20 + 4.
Z§Xÿ : nU ¶mM nX²YVrZo 203 H$go {bhm`Mo ?
gb_m : 203 = 200 + 3
VmB© : Vo ~amo~a Amho, nU 203 = 200 + 0 + 3 ho {dñVm[aV ê$n OmñV gmoB©Mo Amho,
H$maU BWo eVH$ñWmZMm, XeH$ñWmZMm A§H$ d EH$H$ñWmZMm A§H$ H$moUVm ho MQ>H$Z
g‘OVo. ¶mMà‘mUo 80 Mo 80 + 0 Ago {dñVm[aV ê$n hmoB©b.
"9' hr EH$ A§H$s g§»¶m KoVbr, Va {VMo {dñVm[aV ê$n "9' hoM Amho.
F Imbrb g§»¶mMr {dñVm[aV ê$no {bhm.
D 998 D 34 D 287 D 534 D 76 D 301 D 90 D 45 D 13
VmB© : {dñVm[aV ê$n {Xb§ Agb§, Va ˶mdê$Z g§»¶m {b{hVm ¶oB©b H$m ?
500 + 30 + 7 ho {dñVm[aV ê$n nmhm.
gb_m : ‘r à¶ËZ H$aVo.
500 + 30 + 7 = 537
VmB© : em~mg !
F {dñVm[aV ê$nmdê$Z g§»`m {bhm.
D 700 + 0 + 5 D 400 + 60 + 7 D 800 + 0 + 0
D 30 + 9 D 200 + 10 + 1 D 100 + 50 + 0
D 40 + 4 D 300 + 0 + 6

ñWm{ZH$ qH$_V
VmB© : 400 + 40 + 7 ho {dñVm[aV ê$n H$moU˶m g§»¶oMo Amho ?
Z§Xÿ : gmono Amho, 447.
gb_m : J§_VM Amho. EH$Xm 400 gmR>r 4 hm A§H$ dmnabm, Va Z§Va 40 gmR>r 4 hm A§H$
dmnabm.
VmB© : A§H$mMr OmJm qH$dm ñWmZ {VMr qH$_V R>adVo, ho bjmV ¿¶m. eVH$ñWmZÀ`m 4 Mr
qH$_V 400 Amho, Va XeH$ñWmZÀ`m 4 Mr qH$_V 40 Amho. EH$H$ñWmZÀ¶m 7 Mr
qH$‘V _mÌ 7 M Amho. A§H$mMr ˶m§À¶m ñWmZmZwgma Or qH$‘V AgVo {Vbm ˶m
A§H$mMr ñWm{ZH$ qH$‘V åhUVmV.

16
1000 `m g§»`oMr AmoiI

h e X E
h e e e X X X 1 1 1
X X X 9 9 9
e e e
X X X
+ 1
e e e X 10 10 10
e 1 0 0 0

AmnU hmVÀ¶mMr ~oarO H$ê$Z 99 + 1 = e§^a (100) hmoVmV, ho nm{hbo Amho. AmVm
999 + 1 hr ~oarO Cä`m _m§S>UrV H$ê$. 9 EH$H$ + 1 EH$H$ ho 10 EH$H$ hmoVmV. Ë`m§Mm EH$
XeH$ (hmVMm) hmoVmo. 9 XeH$ + 1 XeH$ {_iyZ 10 XeH$ hmoVmV. Ë`m§Mm EH$ eVH$ (hmVMm)
hmoVmo. 9 eVH$ + 1 eVH$ {_iyZ 10 eVH$ hmoVmV. Ë`mVyZ nwÝhm EH$ hmVMm ¶oVmo. Ë`mÀ`mgmR>r
Zdo ñWmZ V`ma H$ê$. Ë`mbm hOmamMo ñWmZ åhUVmV. 1000 ¶m g§»¶oV hOma ñWmZr 1 Am{U
BVa gd© ñWmZm§V 0 Amho. ¶m g§»¶oMo dmMZ "EH$ hOma' Ago H$aVmV.

EH$m ‘mioV 10 _Ur. Aem 100 ‘mim§‘ܶo EHy$U 1000 _Ur AmhoV.
åhUyZ 100 XeH$ åhUOo gwX²Ym 1000.
18
  ~oarO : {~ZhmVÀ`mMr  

e e e e e

e e e

Q>moZrH$S>o à˶oH$s 100 _Ur Agbobo 3 ~Q>do AmhoV.


gmoZyH$S>o VgoM 5 ~Q>do AmhoV. EHy$U ~Q>do {H$Vr ? 8 ~Q>do.
XmoKm§Odirb ~Q>ì`m§_Yrb EHy$U _Ur {H$Vr ? 800 _Ur.
F Q>moZrOdi 100 én`m§À`m 2 ZmoQ>m, 10 én`m§Mr EH$ ZmoQ> Amho d 1 én`mMr 5 ZmUr AmhoV.
gmoZyOdi 100 én`m§Mr EH$ ZmoQ>, 10 én`m§À`m 3 ZmoQ>m d 1 én`mMr 2 ZmUr AmhoV,
Va XmoKm§H$S>o {_iyZ 100 én`m§À`m EHy$U ZmoQ>m {H$Vr ? 10 én`m§À`m EHy$U ZmoQ>m {H$Vr ?
1 én`mMr EHy$U ZmUr {H$Vr ?
F {MÌmdê$Z V`ma Ho$boë`m CXmhaUmMo {ZarjU H$am. CXmhaU nyU© H$am. Ë`mgmR>r EH$H$m§V
EH$H$, XeH$m§V XeH$ d eVH$m§V eVH$ {_idm.
e X E
e 1 e 2 X 1 E 1 2 1
+ +
e e 2e 1X 3E 2 1 3

e e e

F {MÌo nmhÿZ g§»¶m {bhm d ~oarO H$am.


e X E
e
e X E
+ +
e e
e X E
e X E
19
F nwT>rb ~oaOm H$am d {ZarjU H$am.
54 20 70 8 75 13
+ + + + + +
20 54 8 70 13 75
74 74
g§»¶m§Mm H«$‘ ~Xbbm Var ~oarO VrM ¶oVo.
F nwT>rb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
D 376 + 2 D 403 + 64 D 125 + 144 D 513 + 365
e X E

3 7 6
+ 2
3 7 8
D 142 + 6
D 205 + 4 D 540 + 35 D 20 + 436

F C^r _m§S>Ur H$ê$Z ~oarO H$am.


D 664 + 220 D 421 + 351 D 713 + 205 D 122 + 324 D 207 + 102
D 270 + 312 D 450 + 230 D 541 + 320 D 400 + 300 D 22 + 342
F AmS>ì`m _m§S>UrZo Ho$bobr Imbrb ~oarO Aä¶mgm.

e X E e X E e X E

4 2 1 + 3 5 1 = 7 7 2

F AmS>ì`m _m§S>UrZo ~oarO H$am. D 527 + 261 D 623 + 215 D 203 + 302
20
VrZ g§»`m§Mr ~oarO
F ~oarO H$am.
_m`mZo XþH$mZmVyZ 2 én`m§Mo ImoS>a~a, 3 én`m§Mr E
nopÝgb d 4 én`m§Mo a§JrV ISy> KoVbo, Va 2
{VZo XþH$mZXmambm {H$Vr én`o Xçmdo? + 2 ‘ܶo 3 {‘idbo, 5 Ambo.
3
2+3=5 +
ImoS>a~aMo 2 én`o d nopÝgbMo 3 én`o {_iyZ 4 5 ‘ܶo 4 {‘idbo, 9 Ambo.
5 én`o Pmbo. ¶m 5 én¶m§V ISy>Mo 4 én`o 9
{_idbo, H$s 9 én`o hmoVrb. åhUOoM 2 + 3 + 4 = 9
åhUyZ _m`mZo XþH$mZXmambm 9 én¶o Xçmdo.
F H$nmQ>mV JmÊ`m§Mr 3 nwñVHo$, JmoîQ>tMr 21 nwñVHo$ d {MÌm§Mr 14 nwñVHo$ X E
AmhoV, Va H$nmQ>mVrb EHy$U nwñVHo$ {H$Vr ? 2 1
21 + 14 + 3 = 38 + 1 4
H$nmQ>mV EHy$U 38 nwñVHo$ AmhoV. $ + 3
3 8
F nwT>rb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
D X E D X E D X E D X E
2 5 2 1 5 0 2 5
+ + + +
3 0 1 5 2 1 2
+ + + +
3 2 1 2 3 1

D 453 + 104 + 112 D 105 + 3 + 20 D 202 + 34 + 11


e X E
4 5 3
+ 1 0 4
+ 1 1 2

D 200 + 10 + 1 D 143 + 2 + 2 D 3 + 42 + 233


D 352 + 313 + 21 D 451 + 224 + 112 D 104 + 2 + 3
D 303 + 444 + 122 D 5 + 12 + 372 D 400 + 40 + 4

21
  dOm~mH$s : {~ZhmVÀ`mMr  

F {MÌ nmhm. CXmhaU Aä¶mgm. X F {MÌmdê$Z CXmhaUmMr ‘m§S>Ur H$am d gmoS>dm.


E
X E
2 3
-
1 2
1 1
F
e X E
e e X E E E 2 1 3 àW‘ EH$H$m§VyZ EH$H$ dOm H$ê$.
-
1 1 1 Z§Va XeH$m§VyZ XeH$ dOm H$ê$.
1 0 2 Z§Va eVH$m§VyZ eVH$ dOm H$ê$.
F A{OVH$S>o 257 én`o AmhoV. Ë`mZo _ZmoObm 150 én`o {Xbo, Va A{OVH$S>o {H$Vr én`o
Cabo, ho Imbrb {MÌmdê$Z R>adm.

F {H«$Ho$Q> _°M_Ü`o B§½b§S>Zo 245 Ymdm H$mT>ë`m. ^maVmZo 123 Ymdm H$mT>ë`m, Va B§½b§S>er
~amo~ar H$aʶmgmR>r ^maVmbm AmUIr {H$Vr Ymdm H$mT>mì`m bmJVrb ?
B§½b§S>er ~amo~ar hmoÊ`mgmR>r ^maVmÀ`m 245 Ymdm ìhmì`m e X E
bmJVrb; åhUOo 123 À`m nwT>o AmUIr {H$Vr Ymdm H$mT>ë`m, H$s 2 4 5
245 Ymdm hmoVrb, ho emoYmdo bmJob. -
1 2 3
åhUOo 123 + = 245. Mm¡H$Q>rVrb g§»`m emoYmdr 1 2 2
bmJob. hr g§»`m 245 _YyZ 123 dOm Ho$ë`mg {_iob.
22
F dOm~mH$s H$am.
D
e X E D
e X E D
e X E
5 4 5 7 4 9 8 5 3
- - -
2 4 3 8 2 0 2
5 4 3
D e X E D
e X E D
e X E
2 3 7 3 6 6 4 5 5
- - -
1 1 4 3 3 5

D D D
e X E e X E e X E
4 5 8 8 9 9 9 5 5
- - -
4 4 5 2 3 4 1 5

F C^r ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$Z dOm~mH$s H$am.


D 654 - 200 D 674 - 242 D 772 - 341
e X E
6 5 4
-2 0 0

F ‘moR>çm g§»¶oVyZ bhmZ g§»¶m dOm H$am.


D 315, 517 D 470, 340 D 300, 700

AmS>ì`m _m§S>UrZo dOm~mH$s


e X E e X E
3 4 5 - 2 4 3 = 102 dOm~mH$s H$aVmZm EH$H$m§VyZ EH$H$, XeH$m§VyZ XeH$
d eVH$m§VyZ eVH$ dOm H$amdo.
F AmS>ì`m _m§S>UrZo dOm~mH$s H$am.
417 - 305, 504 - 201, 779 - 250, 420 - 220
23
  JwUmH$ma

{ejH${XZmbm VmBªZm XoʶmgmR>r \w$bm§Mm JwÀN> V¶ma Ho$bm. ˶mgmR>r Q>moZr, gmoZy, gb‘m, Om°Z
d Z§Xÿ `m§Zr àË`oH$s 2 \w$bo AmUbr. Ë`m \w$bm§Mm EH$ gw§Xa JwÀN> gmoZyZo V`ma Ho$bm.

VmB© : N>mZ ! {H$Vr gw§Xa Am{U _moR>m JwÀN> Pmbm Amho !


EHy$U {H$Vr \w$bm§Mm JwÀN> Amho hm ?
Q>moZr : àË`oH$mZ§ AmUbobr XmoZ Aer nmMOUm§Mr {_iyZ Xhm \w$b§ Pmbr.
Om°Z : àË`oH$mMr 2 \w$b§ Aer EHy$U nmMOUm§Mr ’w$b§ åhUOo 5 doim 2 KoD$Z Ho$bobr ~oarO
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10.
VmB© : 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ho 2  5 Ago {b{hVmV.
10 hm 2 Am{U 5 `m§Mm JwUmH$ma Amho.
AmVm BWo {MÌo AmhoV. ˶mV {H$Vr ’$io AmhoV ‘moOy¶m.
gmoZy : EH$m AmoirV 4 qb~o,Aem XmoZ Amoir. Q>moZr : EH$m AmoirV 4
4 Mr XþßnQ> åhUOo 8 qb~o. H$mH$S>çm, Aem
4 hr g§»`m XmoZ doim KoD$Z Ho$bobr Mma Amoir.
~oarO åhUOo 4 Mr XþßnQ>. 4 Mr 4 nQ,>
åhUOo
16 H$mH$S>çm.

gb‘m : EH$m AmoirV Mma noê$,


Aem VrZ Amoir åhUOo
4 Mr {VßnQ> 12.

Om°Z : EH$m AmoirV Mma Am§~o, Aem


10 Amoir.
4 Mr XhmnQ> åhUOo 40 Am§~o.
24
JwUmH$ma
D

Q>moZr gmoZy Z§Xÿ gb‘m


àË`oH$mH$S>o 3 M|Sy> åhUOo EHy$U M|Sy> {H$Vr ?
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
Mma doim 3 KoD$Z Ho$bobr ~oarO, åhUOo 3 Mr Mma nQ>,
åhUOo 3  4 = 12 (3 MmoH$ 12).
D `mà_mUo nwT>rb CXmhaUmVrb Mm¡H$Q>r> nyU© H$am.

àË`oH$ Q>monbrV ghm Am§~o, Va VrZ Q>monë¶m§‘Yrb Am§~o {H$Vr ?


6 + 6 + 6 = ghmMr nQ> åhUOoM 6  = (6 {ÌH$ )

D 3 _wbm§Mm EH$ JQ> `mà_mUo 7 JQ> H$ê$Z _wbo C^r hmoVr, Va EHy$U _wbo {H$Vr ?
3 Mr nQ> , VrZ gmVo , 3  =

F {MÌ nmhm d darbà‘mUo CXmhaU V`ma H$ê$Z gmoS>dm.

D EH$m dhrMr qH$_V 5 é. Aem 9 dhçm§Mr qH$_V {H$Vr ?


5 hr g§»¶m 9 doim KoD$Z Ho$bobr ~oarO åhUOo> 5  9.
5  9 = 45.
åhUyZ 9 dhçm§Mr qH$_V 45 én`o.
VmB© : nmT>o åhUOo H«$_mZo Ho$bobo JwUmH$maM AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z AmnU nwT>o _moR>çm
g§»`m§Mm JwUmH$ma H$aUma AmhmoV.
AmnU 2, 3, 4, 5 Am{U 10 Mo nmT>o åhUy.

25
JwUmH$ma
{H$Vr {H$Vr JwUmH$ma EHy$U
dñVwê$nmV ~oarO ê$nmV
doim nQ> ê$n dñVy

XmoZ, 2 Mr
2+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 25 10
nmM doim nmMnQ>

... , 5 Mr
5+5 ... nQ> ...  ...
XmoZ doim

... + ... + ... + ..., ... Mr ...  ...


... + ... nmM doim ... nQ>

Xhm, 10 Mr
.................... ...  ... .......
VrZ doim ... nQ>

Mma,
.................... ....... ...  ... .......
ghm doim

.................... ....... ....... ...  ... .......

26
6 Mm nmT>m

61=6
6, EH$ doim
ghm EHo$ ghm

6  2 = 12
6, XmoZ doim
ghm XþUo ~mam

6  3 = 18
6, VrZ doim
ghm {ÌH$ AR>am

6  4 = 24
6, Mma doim
ghm MmoH$ Mmodrg

6  5 = 30
6, nmM doim
ghm nmMo Vrg

6  6 = 36
6, ghm doim
ghm gmho N>ËVrg

6  7 = 42
6, gmV doim
ghm gmVo ~oMmirg

6  8 = 48
6, AmR> doim
ghm AmR>o AR²>R>oMmirg

6  9 = 54
6, ZD$ doim
ghm Zdo MmonÝZ

6  10 = 60
6, Xhm doim
ghm Xmho gmR>

27
7, 8 d 9 Mm nmT>m
6 À`m nmT>çmà_mUo 7, 8, 9 Mm nmT>m V`ma H$ê$.
7  1 = 7 8  1 = 8 9  1 = 9
7  2 = 14 8  2 = 16 9  2 = 18
7  3 = 21 8  3 = 24 9  3 = 27
7  4 = 28 8  4 = 32 9  4 = 36
7  5 = 35 8  5 = 40 9  5 = 45
7  6 = 42 8  6 = 48 9  6 = 54
7  7 = 49 8  7 = 56 9  7 = 63
7  8 = 56 8  8 = 64 9  8 = 72
7  9 = 63 8  9 = 72 9  9 = 81
7  10 = 70 8  10 = 80 9  10 = 90
~oaOoÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo nmT>m
VmB© : 6 Mm nmT>m V`ma H$aVmZm 6 Mo 4 Mm 2 Mm
~oarO 6 Mm nmT>m
XmoZ ^mJ H$ê$. Ogo, 6 = 4 + 2. nmT>m nmT>m
AmVm 4 d 2 Mm nmT>m KoD$Z Ë`m§Mr 4 2 4+2=6 61=6
~oarO H$ê$Z 6 Mm nmT>m V¶ma 8 4 8 + 4 = 12 6  2 = 12
H$ê$.
12 6 12 + 6 = 18 6  3 = 18
Q>moZr : 6 Mm nmTm Ogm 4 d 2 À`m
nmT>çmZo V`ma H$aVm `oVmo, Vgm 16 8 16 + 8 = 24 6  4 = 24
Vmo 5 d 1 À`m gmhmæ¶mZohr V`ma 20 10 20 + 10 = 30 6  5 = 30
H$aVm `oB©b Zm ?
24 12 24 + 12 = 36 6  6 = 36
VmB© : ~amo~a. _mhrV Agboë`m XmoZ
nmT>çm§À`m ~oaOoZo ZdrZ nmTo V`ma 28 14 28 + 14 = 42 6  7 = 42
H$aVm `oVmV. 32 16 32 + 16 = 48 6  8 = 48
Q>moZr : _J 7 Mm nmT>m 4 d 3 À`m 36 18 36 + 18 = 54 6  9 = 54
nmT>çm§Zr V`ma H$aVm `oB©b.
40 20 40 + 20 = 60 6  10 = 60

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : 8 d 9 Mo nmT>o XmoZ nmT>çm§À`m ~oaOoÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo V`ma H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. XmoZ nmT>çm§À`m dOm~mH$sÀ`m
gmhmæ`mZohr nmT>o V`ma H$aVm `oVmV, ho bjmV AmUyZ Xçmdo.

28
9 À¶m nmT>çmMr J§‘V
09
VmB© : ‘r Vwåhm§bm 9 À`m nmT>çmMr EH$ J§_V gm§JVo.
18
9, 8, 7, ..... Aem 0 n`ªV g§»`m CbQ> H«$_mZo EH$H$ñWmZr {bhm.
Ë`m§À`m AmYr XeH$ñWmZr 0, 1, 2, ...... 9 `m g§»`m H«$_mZo {bhm. Pmbm 27
9 Mm nmT>m V`ma ! Amho H$s Zmhr J§_V ! 36
gmoZy : Aao dm ! AOyZ EH$ J§‘V ‘m¶m bjmV Ambr Amho. nmT>çmV ¶oUmè¶m 45
à˶oH$ g§»¶oVrb XeH$ d EH$H$ñWmZÀ¶m A§H$m§Mr ~oarO ZD$M Amho.
54
63
72
81
90
F Imbrb gmaUrV 5  3 = 15 ho XmIdbo Amho. [aH$må¶m Mm¡H$Q>tV ¶mo½¶ g§»¶m ^am.
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2 2 4 6 8 10
3 3 6 9
4 4 8 16
5 5 10 15 20 25
6 36
7 49
8 64
9 81
10 10 100

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : àË`oH$ {dXçmÏ`m©bm 1 Vo 100 Mr gmaUr V`ma H$aÊ`mg gm§Jmdr. Ë`m gmaUrV àË`oH$ {dXçmÏ`m©bm
EH$ nmT>m XoD$Z Ë`mV `oUmè`m g§»`m a§JdÊ`mg gm§Jmdo. V`ma hmoUmè`m AmH¥${V~§YmMo {ZarjU
H$aÊ`mg gm§Jmdo.

29
F Imbrb JwUmH$ma H$am.
3 5 7 8 6 7
6  3  5  3  4 8

F Imbr {Xboë`m {MÌm§dê$Z JwUmH$mamMr CXmhaUo V`ma H$am d gmoS>dm.


D Imbrb {MÌmdê$Z V`ma Pmbobo CXmhaU :

EH$m AmoirV 6 \w$bo, Va Aem 4 AmoitVrb \w$bo {H$Vr ?


EH$m AmoirVrb \w$bo

Amoir
EHy$U \w$bo

EH$m ~m°Šg_Ü`o M|Sy>, Va ~m°Šg_Yrb EHy$U M|Sy> {H$Vr ?

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : EH$ A§H$s XmoZ g§»`m dmnê$Z JwUmH$mamMr CXmhaUo V`ma H$ê$Z, gmoS>dyZ ¿`mdr.

30
JwUmH$mamgmR>r nmT>çm§Mm Cn`moJ
D qMQy>Zo dmT>{XdgmgmR>r EH$ noZ 5 én`m§g `mà_mUo 6 noZ§ KoVbr, Va Ë`mbm XþH$mZXmambm
EHy$U {H$Vr én`o Xçmdo bmJVrb ?
Õ EHy$U qH$_V _mhrV H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r 5 Mm nmT>m, 6 noZ§
nmM gmho n`ªV åhUmdm bmJob.  5 EH$m noZMr qH$_V
nmM gmho Vrg åhUOoM 5  6 = 30 30 EHy$U én`o
EHy$U 30 én`o Xçmdo bmJVrb.

D EH$m am§JoV 8 PmS>o, Aem 5 am§Jm§V {H$Vr PmS>o ?


Õ am§Jm 5, àË`oH$ am§JoV PmS>o 8.
H$am`Mr {H«$`m : JwUmH$ma. 8 Mm nmT>m dmnê$. 5 am§Jm
AmR> nmMo Mmirg  8 àË`oH$ am§JoVrb PmS>o
EHy$U PmS>o = 40 40 EHy$U PmS>o

D EH$m S>ã`mV 9 bmSy>. Aem 7 S>ã`m§V {H$Vr bmSy> _mdVrb ?


H$am`Mr {H«$`m : JwUmH$ma 7 S>~o

9 Mm nmTm åhUy. 9 EH$m S>ã`mVrb bmSy>
ZD$ gmVo EHy$U bmSy>

D EH$m gßVmhmV 7 {Xdg, Va 4 gßVmhm§V {H$Vr {Xdg ?


Õ 7 Mm nmT>m åhUy. 4 gßVmh

gmV MmoH$ 7 EH$m gßVmhmVrb [Xdg
EHy$U {Xdg

D EH$m AmoirV 8 ’$aí`m,


Va 3 AmoitV {H$Vr 8 EH$m AmoirVrb ’$aí`m 3 Amoir
’$aí`m ?  3 Amoir  8 EH$m AmoirVrb ’$aí`m
EHy$U ’$aí`m EHy$U ’$aí`m

D EH$m noê$Mr qH$‘V 6 én¶o Amho.


Q>moZr, gmoZr, Z§Xÿ d gb‘m ¶m Mm¡Km§Zm à˶oH$s 6 EH$m noê$Mr qH$‘V
EH$ noê$ XoʶmgmR>r {H$Vr én¶o bmJVrb ? 4 ‘wbo
EHy$U én¶o

31
JwUmH$mamMo JwUY‘©

3 5

5 3

35 = 53
F nwT>rb JwUmH$ma H$am d {ZarjU H$am.
65= 83= 76= 92=
56= 38= 67= 29=

g§»`m§Mm H«$_ ~Xbbm Var JwUmH$ma VmoM `oVmo.


Ogo : 6  5 = 5  6 ; 8  3 = 3  8 ; 7  6 = 6  7 ; 9  2 = 2  9
F eyÝ`mMm JwUmH$ma JwUY_©
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 åhUOoM 24=8
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 åhUOoM 14=4
0 + 0 + 0 + 0 åhUOoM 04=0

H$moUË`mhr g§»`oZo "eyݶ' bm JwUbo qH$dm "eyÝ`mZo' H$moUË`mhr g§»`obm


JwUbo, Va JwUmH$ma "eyÝ`' `oVmo. 0  4 = 4  0 = 0
F Imbrb JwUmH$ma H$am.
24= =42 70= =07 98= =89
73= =37 80= =08 63= =36
n Jwʶ, JwUH$, JwUmH$ma
6 JwÊ` 5 JwÊ` VmB© : 6  5 `m JwUmH$mamV 6 `m n{hë`m
 5 JwUH$  6 JwUH$ g§»`obm AmnU JwUVmo Vmo JwÊ` Am{U 5 `m
30 JwUmH$ma 30 JwUmH$ma Xþgè`m g§»`oZo JwUVmo Vmo JwUH$ Am{U Ambobo
CËVa 30 åhUOo JwUmH$ma hmo`. ˶mMà‘mUo
5  6 ¶m JwUmH$mamV 5 hm Jwʶ, 6 hm JwUH$ d 30 hm JwUmH$ma Amho.

32
ZmUr d ZmoQ>m

F Imbrb ZmoQ>m§Mr {MÌo nmhm. ˶m§Mr _yë`o Mm¡H$Q>tV {bhm.

`m ZmoQ>oMo _yë` én`o Amho. `m ZmoQ>oMo _yë` én`o Amho.

`m ZmÊ`mMo _yë` én`o Amho. `m ZmÊ`mMo _yë` én`m Amho.


F [aH$må`m Mm¡H$Q>tV EHy$U aŠH$_ (_yë`) {bhm.
D
650
én`o

én`o

én`o

33
Q>moZr : _mÂ`mH$S>o 3 ZmoQ>m AmhoV, Ë`m§Mr EHy$U qH$_V 75 én`o Amho.
gb‘m : _mÂ`mH$S>o gwX²Ym 75 én`o AmhoV nU _mÂ`mH$S>o 5 ZmoQ>m AmhoV.
Q>moZr : Ag§ H$g§ hmoB©b ?
Q>moZrOdiÀ`m ZmoQ>m Aem AmhoV.
EHy$U
én`o

Am{U gb‘mOdiÀ¶m ZmoQ>m Aem AmhoV.

EHy$U
én`o

åhUOo XmoKm§Mohr åhUUoo ~amo~a Amho.


g§Oy : ‘m¶mH$S>o 100 én¶m§Mr 1 ZmoQ>, 20 én`m§À`m 4 ZmoQ>m Am{U 1 én¶mMr 6 ZmUr
AmhoV, Va _mÂ`mH$S>o {H$Vr én`o AmhoV ?

amOy : åhUOo EHy$U 186 én`o AmhoV.


A{ZVm : _mÂ`mH$S>o 4 ZmoQ>m AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr EHy$U qH$_V 170 én`o Amho, Va Ë`m ZmoQ>m
H$moUË`m ?
` 100 ` 50 ` 10 ` 10
F 170 én¶o AmUIr doJiçm àH$mao 4 ZmoQ>m§À`m gmhmæ`mZo XoVm ¶oVrb H$m ?

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {dXçmÏ`mªZm H$mS>mªda g§»`m {bhÿZ ZmoQ>m V`ma H$aÊ`mg gm§Jmdo d Ë`m§À`m AmYmao Ioi ¿`mdo.

34
_mnZ
bm§~r
VmBªZr Z§Xÿ d gmoZy ¶m§Zm Q>o~bmMr bm§~r ‘moOm¶bm gm§{JVbo.

Z§Xy : `m Q>o~bmMr bm§~r 11 {dVr EdT>r Amho.


gmoZy : Q>o~bmMr bm§~r _mÂ`m 12 {dVr EdT>r Amho.
gb‘m : Vwåhr XmoKm§Zr {dVrZ§M _moOb§, Var XmoKm§À`m _moOÊ`mV \$aH$ H$m nS>bm?
Q>moZr : XmoKm§Mr drV gmaIr Amho H$m ?
Z§Xÿ : _mPr drV gmoZyÀ`m {dVrnojm _moR>r Amho, åhUyZ Ag§ Pmb§.
VmB© : _r EH$mM bm§~rÀ`m XmoZ H$mJXr nQ²>Q>çm XmoKm§Zmhr XoVo. Ë`m§Zr hr bm§~r _moOm ~a§ !

Z§Xÿ : Q>o~bmMr bm§~r `m 9 nQ²>Q>çm§EdT>r Amho.


gmoZy : _r _moOë`mda gwX²Ym 9 nQ²>Q>çmM ^abr.
Z§Xÿ : Amåhm§bm {Xboë`m nQ²>Q>çm gma»`mM bm§~rÀ`m hmoË`m, åhUyZ bm§~r gmaIrM Ambr.
gb_m : åhUOo EH$mM dñVyMr bm§~r gma»`mM gmYZmZ§ _moObr Va Vr g_mZ ^aVo.
gmoZy : _bm ISy>Mr bm§~r _moOm`Mr Agob, Va hr nQ²>Q>r Cn`moJr nS>ob H$m? hr nQ²>Q>r Va
ISy>nojm OmñV bm§~ Amho.

35
VmB© : AmnU `m H$mJXmÀ`m nQ²>QrÀ`m KS>çm Kmby Am{U {VMo gmaIo ^mJ H$ê$. {VÀ`m
Pmboë`m bhmZ ^mJm§Mm Cn`moJ Amnë`mbm ISy>Mr bm§~r _moOÊ`mgmR>r hmoB©b.
Q>moZr : ¶m nQ²>Q>rÀ¶m VrZXm KS>çm KmbyZ 8 g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$.

gb_m : `m nQ²>Q>rOdi _r ISy> R>odVo.


`m ISy>Mr bm§~r nmM bhmZ ^mJm§EdT>r Amho.
Z§Xÿ : `m nQ²>Q>rMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z àdoeX²dmamÀ`m XmoZ Im§~m§Vrb A§Va _moOy`m H$m ?
gb_m : ZH$mo. hr H$mJXr nQ²>Q>r IynM H$_r bm§~rMr Amho.
VmB© : _mÂ`mH$S>o EH$ bm§~ Xmoar Amho. Vr A§Va _moOÊ`mgmR>r dmnê$.

Z§Xÿ : AmnU `m XmoarÀ`m gmhmæ`mZ§ `m àdoeX²dmamÀ`m XmoZ Im§~m§Vrb A§Va _moOy.


Q>moZr : àdoeX²dmamÀ`m XmoZ Im§~m§Vrb A§Va 3 Xmoè`m§EdT>§ Amho.
VmB© : OmñV bm§~r _moOÊ`mgmR>r OmñV bm§~rM§ gmYZ KoU§ gmoB©M§ AgV§. H$_r bm§~r
_moOÊ`mgmR>r H$_r bm§~rM§ gmYZ KoU§ gmoB©M§ AgV§, ho AmVm g‘Ob§ Zm ?

36
VmB© : H$moUË`mhr _mUgmZ§ H$mnS> _moOb§ Var Ë`mMr bm§~r g_mZM Agbr nm{hOo, åhUyZ
H$mnS>mÀ`m XþH$mZm_Ü`o àË`oH$ XþH$mZXma H$mnS> _moOÊ`mgmR>r EH$ _moR>r nQ²>Q>r dmnaVmo.

`m nQ²>Q>rMr bm§~r EH$ _rQ>a AgVo. _rQ>a ho bm§~r _moOÊ`mM§ à_m{UV EH$H$ Amho.
1 _rQ>aMo 100 g_mZ ^mJ Ho$bo, H$s àË`oH$ ^mJ EH$ g|{Q>_rQ>aMm AgVmo.
1 _rQ>a = 100 g|{Q>_rQ>a
gb_m : `mnydu AmnU àdoeX²dmamÀ`m XmoZ Im§~m§Vrb A§Va XmoarÀ`m gmhmæ`mZ§ _moOb§ hmoV§. Vo
nQ²>Q>rÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZ§ _rQ>a d g|{Q>_rQ>a_Ü`o nwÝhm _moOy.
Z§Xÿ : XmoZ Im§~m§Vrb A§Va 3 _rQ>a 80 g|{Q>_rQ>a Amho.
Q>moZr : _mPm XmXm H$_r A§Va _moOÊ`mgmR>r H§$nmgnoQ>rVrb bhmZ nQ²>Q>r dmnaVmo.
VmB© : `m nQ²>Q>rda _moR>çm IwUm§Odi 1, 2, 3, 4 ..... Ag§ {b{hbob§ AgV§. ¶m g§»¶m
g|{Q>‘rQ>a XmIdVmV. XmoZ _moR>çm IwUm§_Ü`o bhmZ-bhmZ IwUm AgVmV. ˶m IwUm
g|{Q>‘rQ>ahÿZ bhmZ EH$H$ XmIdVmV.

Z§Xÿ : `m à_m{UV nQ²>Q>rZ§ AmnU ISy>Mr bm§~r nwÝhm _moOy.


gb_m : `m ISy>Mr bm§~r 8 g|{Q>_rQ>a Amho.

37
_rQ>a-g|{Q>_rQ>a
‘rQ>a ho 1 g|{Q>‘rQ>aÀ¶m 100 nQ> AgVo. ‘moR>o A§Va ‘moOʶmgmR>r ‘rQ>a ho à_m{UV EH$H$
dmnaVmV.

‘rQ>anQ²>Q>r
F Imbrb A§Va/bm§~r g|{Q>‘rQ>a‘ܶo ‘moOmb H$s ‘rQ>a‘ܶo Vo gmaUrV {bhm
nopÝgbrMr bm§~r dhrMr bm§~r
XmoZ B‘maVt‘Yrb A§Va ‘mo~mBbMr bm§~r
añ˶mMr é§Xr XmoZ Im§~m§Vrb A§Va
F Imbrb A§Vao Vwåhr à‘m{UV EH$H$mV ‘moOm d {‘Ìm§Zm ‘moOm¶bm gm§Jm. nañnam§Mr ‘mno
nS>Vmim. ’$aH$ Pmë¶mg nwÝhm ‘moOm.
D emioÀ¶m g§ajH$ q^VrMr bm§~r D nwñVH$mMr bm§~r D d¥ËVnÌmMr bm§~r
D Q>o~bmMr bm§~r D ìham§S>çmMr bm§~r D Q>o~bmMr O{‘ZrnmgyZMr C§Mr
F ‘mhrV H$ê$Z ¿¶m.
D AmB©À¶m gmS>rMr bm§~r D ~m~m§À¶m eQ>©bm bmJUmè¶m H$mnSmMr bm§~r>
D VmB©À¶m AmoT>UrMr bm§~r D Q>m°dobMr bm§~r D é‘mbmMr bm§~r
F Imbrb _moOUrMm A§XmO H$am. A§XmO ~amo~a H$s MyH$ ¶mMm à˶j ‘moOyZ nS>Vmim ¿¶m.

Zmd A§XmOo à˶j nQ²>Q>rZo /Q>onZo _moOyZ


^|S>rMr bm§~r
JdmarÀ¶m e|JoMr bm§~r
{‘aMrÀ¶m amonmMr C§Mr
ÁdmarÀ¶m YmQ>mMr C§Mr
dS>m˦m PmS>mMm Koa
AmdmamVrb XmoZ PmS>m§_Yrb A§Va

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : dJm©_Ü`o _rQ>a, g|{Q>‘rQ>aÀ¶m IwUm Agbobr nQ²>Q>r q^Vrda bmdyZ {dXçmÏ`mªZm EH$_oH$m§Mr C§Mr
_moOÊ`mMr g§Yr Xçmdr.

38
‘mnZ : dOZ (dñVw‘mZ)
gmoZy : `m M|Sy>M§ dOZ 17 JmoQ>çm Amho.

Z§Xÿ : Ë`mM M|Sy>M§ dOZ _mÂ`mH$S>rb 10 JmoQ>çm ^ab§.

gb_m : Ag§ H$g§ Pmb§ ? EH$mM M|Sy>M§ dOZ doJdoJi§ H$g§ ?


Q>moZr : gmoZyZ§ AmUboë`m JmoQ>çm bhmZ hmoË`m Am{U Z§XÿZ§ AmUboë`m JmoQ>çm _moR>çm hmoË`m,
åhUyZ Ag§ KS>b§ Agob.
VmB© : Aao, Ag§ KS>V§ åhUyZM Va XþH$mZmV dOZ _moOÊ`mMr à_m{UV EH$H§$ åhUOo _mn§
AgVmV.

EH$mM dñVyMo dOZ à_m{UV _mnm§À`m gmhmæ`mZo H$moUrhr Ho$bo Var Vo g_mZM ^aVo.
{H$bmoJ«°_ ho dOZ _moOÊ`mMo à_m{UV EH$H$ Amho.

_bm 1 {H$bmoJ«°_ _bm 5 {H$bmoJ«°_


gmIa Xçm. Jhÿ hdo AmhoV.

_bm 2
{H$bmoJ«°_
Ádmar hdr
Amho.

39
{Xboë`m dñVy§Mo dOZ 1 {H$bmoJ«°_nojm H$_r H$s OmñV Amho, `mMm A§XmO H$am d XþH$mZmV
OmD$Z ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿`m.

A§XmOo dOZ 1 {H$bmoJ«°_ /


dñVyMo Zmd 1 {H$bmoJ«°_nojm H$_r / àË`j _moOyZ
1 {H$bmoJ«°_nojm OmñV

{_R>mMm nwS>m
JwimMm _moR>m IS>m
50 {~pñH$Q>o
nmM dmQ>çm gmIa

Q>moZr : AmB©bm {eam H$aÊ`mgmR>r AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIa hdr hmoVr. KamV Va 1 {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIaoMm nwS>m
hmoVm.
gb_m : _J Vy H$m` Ho$b§g ?
Q>moZr : _r Vr 1 {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIa VamOyÀ`m XmoÝhr nmaS>çm§V WmoS>r WmoS>r Q>mH$V Jobmo Am{U nmaS>r
g_mZ nmVirV amhVrb Ag§ nm{hb§. `mà_mUo EH$ {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIaoMo XmoZ g_mZ ^mJ
Pmbo, åhUOo àË`oH$ nmaS>çmVrb gmIa AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ Pmbr. Vr AmB©bm {Xbr.
gb_m : _mÂ`m AmB©bmhr AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ dOZmMr dñVy ~è`mM doim bmJVo.
Q>moZr : _r Vwbm AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ dOZmM§ _mn V`ma H$ê$Z XoVmo. AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIa EH$m
nmaS>çmV R>odyZ Xþgè`m nmaS>çmV VodT>çm dOZmMo bhmZ-bhmZ IS>o> R>odyZ EH$m é_mbmV
~m§YyZ R>odVmo. Vo Pmb§ AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_M§ _mn.
gb_m : åhUOo `mà_mUo Amnë`mbm nmd {H$bmoJ«°_ dOZmM§ ‘mnhr V`ma H$aVm `oB©b.
F EH$ {H$bmoJ«°_Mo _mn d VamOy `m§À`m gmhmæ`mZo nwT>rb dOZm§Mo Vm§Xÿi/Jhÿ/Ádmar _moOm.
D 2 {H$bmoJ«°_ D 5 {H$bmoJ«°_ D 3 {H$bmoJ«°_ D AYm© {H$bmoJ«°_

F Vw_Mo dOZ {H$Vr Vo nmhm. dJ©{_Ìmnojm dOZ {H$Vr H$_r/OmñV Vo gm§Jm.


F {d{dY àH$maÀ`m dOZH$mQ>çm§Mr _m{hVr ¿`m. dmna H$ê$Z nmhm.
D pñà¨JH$mQ>m D BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ H$mQ>m D Xm§S>rMm H$mQ>m (VamOy)
D _mUgmMo dOZ H$aVmV Vmo H$mQ>m

40
_mnZ - AmH$ma_mZ d YmaH$Vm
hr nmÊ`mZo ^abobr ^m§S>r AmhoV. H$moUË`m ^m§S>çmV
H$_r nmUr d H$moUË`m ^m§S>çmV OmñV nmUr _mdob
ho {ZarjUmZo R>adm.
gdmªV OmñV nmUr ~mXbr_Ü`o Am{U gdmªV H$_r nmUr dmQ>r‘ܶo _mdob.

40 ½bmg nmUr AmoVë`mda 10 Vm§~o ^ê$Z nmUr


hr ~mXbr nyU© ^abr. AmoVë`mda hr ~mXbr nyU© ^abr.
VodT>çmM nmÊ`mMo _mnZ doJdoJio Amho, H$maU doJdoJir gmYZo dmnabr AmhoV.
~mXbrV H$moUrhr nmUr ^abo Var _mnZ EH$M Agbo nm{hOo.
Ë`mgmR>r à_m{UV EH$H$ dmnaUo JaOoMo Amho.
ho 1 brQ>aMo _mn Amho. XÿYdmë`mH$S>o ho _mn AgVo. XÿY, Vob
`m§gmaIo ÐdnXmW© `m _mnmZo _moOVmV.
nmÊ`mMr 1 brQ>aMr ~mQ>br Amnë`mbm ghO {_iy eH$Vo.

{deofV: am°Ho$b ‘moOʶmgmR>r eoOmarb {MÌmV XmIdbobo


EH$ brQ>aMo ‘mn dmnaVmV.
brQ>a ho ÐdnXmW© _moOÊ`mMo à_m{UV EH$H$ Amho.

D Vm§ã`m, S>~m, nmVobr Aem doJdoJiçm AmH$mam§Mr ^m§S>r KoD$Z Ë`mV 1 brQ>a, 1 brQ>anojm
H$_r qH$dm 1 brQ>anojm OmñV nmUr _mdob H$m, `mMm A§XmO H$am. àË`j 1 brQ>aMr ~mQ>br
dmnê$Z nS>Vmim ¿`m.

41
darb à˶oH$ ^m§S>çmV 3 brQ>a nmUr AmoVm. ^m§S>çm§Mm AmH$ma doJdoJim Agë`m_wio Ë`mVrb
nmUr doJiçm AmH$mamMo {Xgob ; nU àË`oH$ ^m§S>çmVrb nmÊ`mMo AmH$ma_mZ 3 brQ>a Amho.
`m ~mXbrV 1 brQ>aÀ`m 5 ~mQ>ë`m nmUr AmoVbo. `mVrb nmÊ`mMo AmH$ma_mZ
5 brQ>a Amho.
hrM ~mXbr nyU© ^aÊ`mgmR>r ˶mV {H$Vr brQ>a nmUr _mdVo Vo nmhm.
¶m ~mXbrV 12 brQ>a nmUr _mdVo, åhUOo `m ~mXbrMr YmaH$Vm 12 brQ>a Amho.
KmJa, ~mXbr, qnn, h§S>m, nmVobo qH$dm H$moUVohr ^m§S>o nyU© ^aÊ`mgmR>r
OodT>o nmUr bmJVo, Vr Ë`m ^m§S>çm§Mr YmaH$Vm AgVo.
F nmd brQ>a YmaH$VoMr ~mQ>br ¿¶m. ¶m ‘mnmÀ¶m ‘XVrZo ^m§S>çmda IwUm H$ê$Z nwT>rb ‘mno
V¶ma H$am.
D XmoZ brQ>a D AYm© brQ>a D XrS> brQ>a
D nmd brQ>a
F Imbrb ~m~tgmR>r Vw‘À¶m Kar A§XmOo {H$Vr brQ>a nmUr dmnaVmV Vo Zm|Xdm.
D A§KmoirgmR>r D ^m§S>r ñdÀN> H$aʶmgmR>r D Vm|S> YwʶmgmR>r
D gS>m-gmadUmgmR>r D {nʶmgmR>r D ~mJogmR>r
D ñd¶§nmH$mgmR>r D Xhm H$n MhmgmR>r D dmhZ YwʶmgmR>r
F nmUr H$moR>oH$moR>o dm¶m OmVo, ˶m {R>H$mUm§Mr ¶mXr H$am. {H$Vr nmUr dm¶m OmVo ¶mMm A§XmO
¿¶m d Cnm¶ gwMdm.
A§XmOo {H$Vr brQ>a
A.H«$. {R>H$mU Cnm¶
nmUr dm¶m OmVo ?

42
AmH¥${V~§Y

F Ajam§À¶m H«$‘m‘ܶo H$moUVo AmH¥${V~§Y AmhoV Vo bjmV ¿¶m.


A B A B A B A B A B
A A B A A B A A B

F Imbrb AmH¥${V~§Y nmhm. ˶m§n¡H$s ABAB gmaIm H$moUVm, AAB AAB gmaIm H$moUVm d
ABC ABC gmaIm H$moUVm Vo Mm¡H$Q>tV {bhm.
D D

F Imbrb Mm¡H$Q>tV AAB AAB..... AmH¥${V~§YmgmaIm EH$ AmH¥${V~§Y Vwåhr V¶ma H$am.

F Imbrb AmH¥${V~§Ym§‘ܶo nwT>o ¶oUmar {MÌo H$mT>m.


D ..............................

D ................
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {dXçm϶mªZr V¶ma Ho$bobo AmH¥${V~§Y O‘m H$ê$Z Vo àX{e©V H$am.

43
F AmH¥${V~§Y bjmV KoD$Z Mm¡H$Q>r nyU© H$am.

1  1 = 1 2  2 = 4 3 3 = 9 ....... ....... 66 =36

5 10 15 30

2 9 16 30 44

F EImXm AmH¥${V~§Y ñdV: V¶ma H$am.

44
F Imbrb AmH¥${V~§Ym§‘ܶo à˶oH$ AmH¥$Vrbm EH$ H«$‘m§H$ {Xbobm Amho.

....

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
darb AmH¥${V~§Ym§‘ܶo {H$Vì¶m H«$‘m§H$m§darb AmH¥$˶m "{ÌH$moU' AmhoV Am{U {H$Vì¶m
H«$‘m§H$m§darb AmH¥$˶m "dVw©i' AmhoV?
{Vgar AmH¥$Vr {ÌH$moU Amho. ghmdr AmH¥$Vr .... Amho. AmR>dr AmH¥$Vr .... Agob.
AH$amdr.... , n§Yamdr.... , {dgmdr.... , n§M{dgmdr.... Agob.
F Imbrb H$moîQ>H$mVrb AmH¥${VH«$‘m‘ܶo nwT>o ¶oUmar AmH¥$Vr H$mT>m d JmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m {bhm.

AmH¥$VrMm
1 2 3 4 5 6
H«$‘
JmoQ>çm§Mr
‘m§S>Ur
JmoQ>çm§Mr
1 3
g§»¶m
{Vgè¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo ..... JmoQ>çm AmhoV. Mm¡Ï¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo ..... JmoQ>çm AmhoV.
gmVì¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo {H$Vr JmoQ>çm AgVrb, ho Vwåhr {MÌ Z H$mT>Vm AmoiIy eH$Vm H$m?
{H$Vr Vo {bhm. AmVm {MÌ H$mTy>Z nmhm. Vw‘Mo CËVa Vnmgm.
Xhmì¶m AmH¥$Vr‘ܶo {H$Vr JmoQ>çm AgVrb ?
Q>moZr : Aao ~Km, ‘bm ¶m {XZX{e©Ho$V H$m¶ gmnS>b§ ! BWo Va doJimM AmH¥${V~§Y Amho.
Oa AmS>ì¶m am§JoVë¶m ¶m VrZ g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO Ho$br, Va CËVa ¶oV§ 27 Am{U Cä¶m
am§JoVë¶m VrZ g§»¶m§Mr ~oarOhr ¶oVo 27.
gmoZy : Am{U {Va³¶m nQ²>Q>rdaÀ¶m ¶m
VrZ g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO gwX²Ym ¶oVo a{d gmo‘ ‘§Ji ~wY Jwê$ ewH«$ e{Z
27 ! 1 2 3 4
gb‘m : S>mdrH$S>o Mm¡H$Q>rVë¶m VrZ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
AmoirVë¶m 3 g§»¶m nmhm. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
˶m§Vë¶m ‘Yë¶m AmS>ì¶m, 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
‘Yë¶m Cä¶m d {Va߶m am§JoVë¶m
26 27 28 29 30 31
g§»¶m§Mr ~oarOhr g‘mZ Amho.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {XZX{e©Ho$Vrb EH$m nmZmdarb g§»¶m§‘ܶo AmUIr AmH¥${V~§Y emoYʶmg àd¥ËV H$amdo.

45
F Imbr XmIdboë¶m ’$aí¶m§À¶m OwiUrVrb AmH¥${V~§Ym§Mo {ZarjU H$am.
¶oWo ’$aí¶m§Mr OwiUr {d{eîQ> àH$mao Ho$br Amho. XmoZ ’$aí¶m§‘ܶo ‘moH$ir OmJm am{hbobr
Zmhr qH$dm O{‘ZrMm ^mJ CKS>m am{hbobm Zmhr, ho bjmV ¿¶m.

F EH$mM àH$maÀ¶m ’$aí¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z V¶ma Pmboë¶m AmH¥${V~§Ym§Mo {ZarjU H$am. ¶mM
’$aí¶m dmnê$Z AmUIr AmH¥${V~§Y H$aVm ¶oVmo H$m Vo nmhm.

F Imbrb {MÌmVrb AmH¥${V~§Y nyU© H$aʶmgmR>r H$moU˶m ’$aerMm Cn¶moJ Ho$bm Amho, Vo
bjmV ¿¶m d OmoS>çm bmdm.

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : n[agamVrb ’$aí¶m§À¶m ‘m§S>Ur‘wio V¶ma Pmboë¶m AmH¥${V~§Ym§Mo {ZarjU H$aʶmg gm§Jmdo. ˶m§À¶m
d¡{eîQ>çm§Mr MMm© H$amdr. EImXçm eoVmbm ^oQ> XoD$Z VoWrb amonm§À`m bmdUr_Ü`o AmH¥${V~§Y {XgVmV
H$m Vo nmhʶmg gm§Jmdo.

46
  g‘{‘Vr

F ~mOy˦m nmZmMo {ZarjU H$am.


AemM àH$maMo PmS>mMo nmZ ¿¶m, Á¶mbm AZoH$ {eam AmhoV.
‘Ymo‘Y EH$ C^r era Amho. ˶m {eaoda nmZmbm KS>r Kmbm.
AmnUm§g H$m¶ {Xgob ?
nmZmMm EH$ ^mJ Xþgè¶m ^mJmda V§VmoV§V OwiVmo.
nmZmÀ¶m BVa {eam§da doJdoJiçm àH$mao KS>çm KmbyZ nmhm. AmnUm§g H$m¶ {Xgob ?
nmZmMm EH$ ^mJ Xþgè¶m ^mJmda V§VmoV§V OwiV Zmhr.
AmH¥$VrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo EH$ {ÌH$moUr H$mJX ¿¶m.
Cä¶m VwQ>H$ aoKoda KS>r Kmbm. {ÌH$moUmH¥$Vr H$mJXmMm EH$ ^mJ Xþgè¶m
^mJmda V§VmoV§V OwiVmo H$m ?

Xþgè¶m AmH¥$VrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo doJim {ÌH$moUr H$mJX KoD$Z


Cä¶m VwQ>H$ aoKoda KS>r Kmbm. {ÌH$moUr H$mJXmMm EH$ ^mJ Xþgè¶m
^mJmer V§VmoV§V OwiVmo H$m ?
EImXçm aofoZo AmH¥$VrMo hmoUmao XmoZ ^mJ EH$‘oH$m§er V§VmoV§V OwiV AgVrb, Va Vr AmH¥$Vr
˶m aofoÀ¶m g§X^m©V g‘{‘V AmH¥$Vr AgVo Am{U OwiV ZgVrb, Va Vr AmH¥$Vr ˶m aofoÀ¶m
g§X^m©V g‘{‘V ZgVo.
F {Xboë¶m VwQ>H$ aofoer g‘{‘V Agboë¶m d g‘{‘V Zgboë¶m AmH¥$˶m§Mo {ZarjU H$am.

g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr

g‘{‘V Zmhr g‘{‘V Zmhr g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr

47
g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr g‘{‘V Amho g‘{‘V Zmhr

F Imbrb {MÌo EImXçm aofoÀ¶m g§X^m©V g‘{‘V AmhoV qH$dm ZmhrV Vo R>adm. g‘{‘V
Agë¶mg {MÌmImbrb Mm¡H$Q>rV 3 Aer IyU H$am d Zgë¶mg 5 Aer IyU H$am.

F Imbrb à˶oH$ AmH¥$Vr g‘{‘V Amho, ho nmhʶmgmR>r Á¶m {R>H$mUr KS>r Kmbmdr bmJob
Aem {R>H$mUr aoK H$mT>m.

F Imbrb g‘{‘V AmH¥$˶m§Mo gmaIo AgUmao XmoZ AY} ^mJ XmoZ doJiçm a§Jm§Zr a§Jdm.

F EH$ Mm¡ag AmH$mamMm H$mJX ¿¶m. ¶m H$mJXmbm doJdoJiçm àH$mao KS>çm KmbyZ g‘{‘Vr
Vnmgm.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : g‘^wO {ÌH$moU, g‘X²{d^wO {ÌH$moU, g‘m§Va^wO Mm¡H$moZ, dVw©i Aem AmH$mam§Mo H$mJX XoD$Z g‘{‘Vr
VnmgʶmMm CnH«$‘ H$ê$Z ¿¶mdm.
Á¶m àmʶm§Mr, nú¶m§Mr, nmZm§Mr, ’w$bm§Mr {MÌo g‘{‘V AmhoV, Aem {MÌm§Mm g§J«h H$ê$Z
¿¶mdm.

48
~§{XñV d Iwë¶m AmH¥$˶m

~§{XñV Iwbo
H$mhr ~§{XñV AmH¥$˶m H$mhr Iwë¶m AmH¥$˶m

{dMma H$am.
H$ ~ \$
A n _$
{Xboë¶m AmH¥$Vrbm ñne© Z H$aUmè¶m aofoZo {Xboë¶m AmH¥$Vrbm ñne© Z H$aUmè¶m aofoZo n
A Am{U ~ ¶m q~Xÿ§Zm OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b H$m ? Am{U ’$ ¶m q~Xÿ§Zm OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b H$m ? ˶mM
˶mMàH$mao ~ Am{U H$ ¶m q~Xÿ§Zm OmoS>Vm nX²YVrZo n Am{U ‘$ ¶m§Zm OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b H$m ?
¶oB©b H$m ?

F nwT>o {Xboë¶m AmH¥$˶m§n¡H$s ~§{XñV d Iwë¶m AmH¥$˶m AmoiIm.

DM
F eoOmarb am§Jmoiçm§V ~§{XñV
Agboë¶m Am{U Zgboë¶m
AmH¥$˶m§Mo {ZarjU H$am.
am§Jmoiçm§V a§J ^am.

49
{d^mJ Xþgam
~oarO : hmV˦mMr
gb‘mOdi XeH$mÀ¶m 7 ‘mim Am{U 7 gwQ>o ‘Ur Ago 77 ‘Ur AmhoV.
gmoZyOdi XeH$mÀ¶m 8 ‘mim Am{U 5 gwQ>o ‘Ur Ago 85 ‘Ur AmhoV.

gb‘m

gmoZy
XmoKtOdiÀ¶m ‘mim d ‘Ur EH$Ì Ho$bo, Voìhm XeH$m§À¶m 15 ‘mim Pmë¶m Am{U 12 gwQ>o
‘Ur am{hbo.
10 EH$H$ åhUOo 1 XeH$ åhUyZ 12 gwQ>çm ‘ʶm§n¡H$s 10 ‘ʶm§Mr 1 ‘mi Ho$br. 2 gwQ>o ‘Ur
am{hbo ; åhUOo AmVm XmoKtOdi {‘iyZ 16 XeH$‘mim Pmë¶m.
10 XeH$ {‘iyZ 1 eVH$ hmoVmo, åhUyZ ˶m§Zr 10 XeH$‘mim EH$‘oH$s§Zm OmoS>ë¶m d 1
eVH$‘mi V¶ma Ho$br.

XmoKtMo ‘Ur EH$Ì Ho$ë¶mda 1 eVH$‘mi Pmbr, 6 XeH$‘mim Pmë¶m Am{U 2 gwQ>o ‘Ur
Cabo.
F [aH$må¶m Mm¡H$Q>tV ¶mo½¶ g§»¶m {bhm.
12 X åhUOo 1 e 2 X 1e2X = 12 X

15 X åhUOo e X 1e4X = X

17 X åhUOo e X 3e2X = X

18 X åhUOo e X 4e3X = X

21 X åhUOo e X 5e9X = X
50
n ~oarO hmVÀ`mMr
e
X X E E E E E E E E 1e 2X 8E
+
2e 1X 6E
e e E E E E E E
X 3e 3X 14 E
1X4E
EH$H$m§Mr ~oarO Ho$ë¶mda 14 EH$H$ hmoVmV. 14 EH$H$ åhUOo 1 XeH$ Am{U 4 EH$H$. hm
XeH$, XeH$m˦m KamV ZoD$. AmVm ~oarO ~Km.
e X E EH$H$mÀ¶m KamV 4 EH$H$ CaVrb. Vo aoKoImbr EH$H$mÀ`m KamV
{b{hbo.
hmVMo 1
XeH$mÀ¶m KamV n{hbo 2 Am{U 1 d Zdm 1 {‘iyZ 4 XeH$
1 2 8
+2 Pmbo. Vo XeH$m˦m KamV aoKoImbr {b{hbo. eVH$m˦m KamVrb
1 6 A§H$m§Mr ~oarO 3 Ambr. Vr eVH$mÀ¶m KamV aoKoImbr {b{hbr.
3 4 14 XmoÝhr g§»¶m§Mr ~oarO 3 e 4 X 4 E åhUOo 344.
e X E
F 1 e
e hmVMo 1
X X X X E E
X 1 e 5 X 2 E
1 5 2
+

e X X X X X E E 1e 7X 3E +
1 7 3
E 3 e 12 X 5 E
X X 3 12 5
12 XeH$ åhUOo 1 eVH$ Am{U 2 XeH$. hm Zdm 1 eVH$, eVH$mÀ¶m KamV ‘m§Sy>.
Vmo Zdm eVH$ eVH$mÀ¶m KamV Zobm, åhUyZ XeH$mÀ¶m KamV 2 am{hbo. eVH$m§Mr ~oarO H$ê$.
n{hbo 2 eVH$ Am{U 1 Zdm eVH$ {‘iyZ 3 eVH$ Pmbo. ~oarO Ambr 325.
F Imbr {Xbobo ~oaOoMo CXmhaU Aä`mgm.

e X E e X E e X E
2 6 7 1 1 hmVMo
1 1
+ 5 3 9 2 6 7 2 6 7
+ +
5 3 9 5 3 9
10 16 8 0 6
1e0X 1X6E

51
~oarO
F CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
e X E e X E e X E e X E

1 3 5 2 4 7 3 4 9 4 6 5
+4 +5 +2 + 3
7 6 1 7 1 9 3 5


e X E e X E e X E e X E

3 5 6 5 4 9 7 4 2 8 5 0
+ + + +
6 5 1 9 2 8 6 0

n nwT>rb CXmhaU nmhm.


AmVm VrZ g§»`m§Mr ~oarO H$ê$. arV VrM Amho.
e X E EH$H$mnmgyZ gwédmV H$ê$. EH$H$m§Mr ~oarO 16.
1 1 16 EH$H$ åhUOo 1 XeH$ 6 EH$H$. XeH$mÀ`m KamV da 1 {bhÿ.
EH$H$mÀ`m KamV aoKoImbr 6 {bhÿ. EH$H$mZ§Va XeH$mÀ`m KamVrb A§H$m§Mr
2 1 7
+1 ~oarO H$ê$. Vr 17 `oVo. 10 XeH$m§Mm 1 eVH$ hmoVmo. Vmo ZdrZ 1 eVH$,
6 5 eVH$mÀ`m KamV da {bhÿ d 7 hm A§H$ XeH$mÀ`m KamV aoKoImbr {bhÿ.
+ 9 4 eodQ>r eVH$mÀ`m KamVrb A§H$m§Mr ~oarO H$ê$. eVH$m§Mr ~oarO 4. Vr
4 7 6 eVH$mÀ`m KamV aoKoImbr {bhÿ.
~oarO Ambr 476.
F CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
e X E e X E e X E e X E

4 3 2 3 9 5 4 7 2 2 5 0
+ 9 4 + 6 2 +2 0 9 +3 4 5
+ 5 + 8 4 +1 4 2 + 2 4

F Imbrb ~oaOm H$am.


D 1 7 2 D 5 0 0 D 6 4 3 D 4 3 7
+ 3 + 2 8 0 + + 1 2 3
9 4 5 7
+ 2 + 1 2 0 + + 2 4 5
3 8 6

52
FC^r ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$Z ~oarO H$am.
D 235 + 146 D 346 + 129 D 536 + 236 + 19 D 749 + 128
e X E

D 275 + 246 D 382 + 199 D 455 + 267 D 545 + 165

D 270 + 196 + 58 D 370 + 195 D 307 + 245 D 162 + 375

F AmS>ì¶m ‘m§S>UrZo ~oarO H$am. (hmVMm Amë`mg _ZmV Yam.)


D 396 + 45 D 575 + 31 D 644 + 308 D 647 + 56
D 742 + 9 D 547 + 8 D 609 + 8 D 701 + 9
D 199 + 1 D 299 + 1 D 399 + 1 D 499 + 1
D 599 + 1 D 699 + 1 D 799 + 1 D 899 + 1 D 999 + 1
F ~oarO 100 ¶oB©b Aem OmoS>çm {bhm. F ~oarO 120 ¶oB©b Aem OmoS>çm {bhm.
- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {dXçm϶mªZm ~oaOoMr ^anya CXmhaUo H$aʶmg XoD$Z gamd ¿¶mdm.

53
empãXH$ CXmhaUo
F Imbrb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
e X E
D J«m‘ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmV 365 pñ̶m d 276 nwéf
gh^mJr Pmbo, Va EHy$U {H$Vr 춳Vr gh^mJr
Pmë¶m ? 3 6 5 pñ̶m
+
2 7 6 nwéf
A{^¶mZmV EHy$U 춳Vr gh^mJr Pmë¶m.

D ‘mbVr~mBªZr emioÀ¶m J§«Wmb¶mbm 350 nwñVHo$,


dg§§Vamdm§Zr 400 nwñVHo$ d O`§Vamdm§Zr 165 nwñVHo$
^oQ> {Xbr, Va EHy$U {H$Vr nwñVHo$ J§«Wmb¶mbm ^oQ>
{‘imbr ?

D Q>oH$S>rda 230 Jwb‘mohamMr, 375 H$Sy>qb~mMr d


160 gmJmMr PmS>o bmdbr, Va EHy$U {H$Vr
PmS>o bmdbr ?

D àXÿfU MmMUr H|$ÐmV 193 XþMmH$s dmhZm§Mr d


297 MmaMmH$s dmhZm§Mr àXÿfU MmMUr Ho$br, Va
EHy$U {H$Vr dmhZm§Mr àXÿfU MmMUr Ho$br ?

F {Xboë¶m ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao ~oaOoMr empãXH$ CXmhaUo


V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.
‘m{hVr : d¥jqXS>r - 345 ‘wbJo, 275 ‘wbr. e X E
CXmhaU : d¥jqXS>rV 345 ‘wbJo d 275 ‘wbr gh^mJr
Pmë¶m, Va EHy$U {H$Vr ‘wbo d¥jqXS>rV gh^mJr 3 4 5 ‘wbJo
+
Pmbr? 2 7 5 ‘wbr
d¥jqXS>rV EHy$U ‘wbo gh^mJr Pmbr. EHy$U ‘wbo
D JmoîQ>tMr nwñVHo$ 50, H${dVm§Mr nwñVHo$ 75. D Q>monbrVrb Am§~o 35, noê$ 45.
D ’«$m°H$Mr qH$‘V 275 én¶o, eQ>©Mr qH$‘V 399 én¶o.
54
  dOm~mH$s : hmVÀ¶mMr  
dOm~mH$s hmVÀ¶mMr (nyd©V¶mar)

10 én¶o åhUOo 1 én¶mMr 10 ZmUr.

100 én¶o åhUOo 10 én¶m§À¶m 10 ZmoQ>m åhUOoM 1 én¶mMr 100 ZmUr.

10 Cgm§Mr EH$ _moir ¶mà‘mUo 10 ‘moiçm åhUOo EHy$U 100 D$g.

gmoZy : ‘m¶mH$S>o 100 én¶m§À¶m XmoZ ZmoQ>m AmhoV. ‘bm Z§Xÿbm 70 én¶o Xçm¶Mo AmhoV.
gb‘m : Vy H$go Xoerb ?
gmoZy : ‘r 100 én¶m§Mr EH$ ZmoQ> gwQ>r H$ê$Z 10 én¶m§À¶m 10 ZmoQ>m AmUVo.
Z§Xÿ : ˶m§VyZ Vy ‘bm 10 én¶m§À¶m 7 ZmoQ>m Xo.
gb‘m : åhUOo gmoZyH$S>o 100 én¶m§Mr 1 ZmoQ> d 10 én¶m§À¶m 3 ZmoQ>m CaVrb.
gmoZy : hmo ! åhUOo ‘m¶mH$S>o 130 én¶o CaVrb.
1 eVH$ = 10 XeH$
2 eVH$ = 1 eVH$ 10 XeH$ 4 eVH$ = 3 eVH$ 10 XeH$
3 eVH$ = 2 eVH$ 10 XeH$ 7 eVH$ = 6 eVH$ 10 XeH$
5 eVH$ = 4 eVH$ + XeH$ 6 eVH$ = eVH$ + 10 XeH$
55
F dOm~mH$s H$aVmZm H$YrH$Yr 1 eVH$ qH$dm 1 XeH$ ‘moH$im H$amdm bmJVmo. OmñV eVH$
qH$dm OmñV XeH$ AgVrb Var EH$M eVH$ qH$dm EH$M XeH$ ‘moH$im H$amdm bmJVmo.
3 eVH 2 eVH$
¶m§Vrb 1 eVH$mMo XeH$ H$ê$. ¶m§Vrb 1 eVH$mMo XeH$ H$ê$
100 100 100 Am{U ˶m§Vrb 1 XeH$mMo EH$H$ H$ê$.
100 100
10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10

3 eVH$ åhUOo 2 eVH$ 10 XeH$.
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
2 eVH$ åhUOo 1 eVH$ 10 XeH$,
dOm~mH$s : XeH$ ‘moH$im H$ê$Z åhUOoM 1 eVH$ 9 XeH$ 10 EH$H$.
F Imbrb CXmhaU Aä¶mgm.
X E ‘m¶mOdi 51 én¶o AmhoV. XhmÀ¶m 5 ZmoQ>m d 1 gwQ>m én¶m Amho. ˶m§VyZ
‘bm 24 én¶o XþH$mZXmambm Xçm¶Mo AmhoV.
5 1
- EH$H$mVrb 1 ‘YyZ 4 XoVm ¶oV ZmhrV, åhUyZ XhmMr EH$ ZmoQ> gwQ>r H$ê$Z {VMo
2 4
10 gwQ>o én¶o H$ê$.

X E AmVm ‘m¶mOdi XhmÀ¶m 4 ZmoQ>m d gwQ>o Pmbobo 10 én¶o Am{U AmYrMm


4 11 1 én¶m {‘iyZ 11 gwQ>o én¶o hmoVrb.
11 gwQ>çm én`m§_YyZ 4 gwQ>o én`o XoD$, åhUyZ 11 ‘YyZ 4 dOm H$ê$. 7 gwQ>o
5 1
- én`o CaVmV. ho 7 EH$H$mImbr {bhÿ.
2 4
AmVm XeH$m§Mr dOm~mH$s H$ê$. 4 ‘YyZ 2 dOm H$ê$. Cabo 2.
2    7
dOm~mH$s Ambr 27, åhUyZ _mÂ`mH$S>o 27 én`o Cabo.
F dOm~mH$s H$am.
X E X E X E X E
5 12
6 2 7 3 8 1 9 0
- - - -
2 7 4 5 5 8 6 9
3    5

56
dOm~mH$s : eVH$ ‘moH$im H$ê$Z
F Z§XÿOdi 100 én¶m§À¶m 5 ZmoQ>m, 10 én¶m§À¶m XmoZ ZmoQ>m d 1 én¶mMr 7 ZmUr AmhoV. ˶mZo
gmoZybm ˶m§n¡H$s 318 én¶o {Xbo, Va ˶mÀ¶mOdi {H$Vr én¶o Cabo ?
e X E 7 Zmʶm§VyZ 8 ZmUr XoVm ¶oV ZmhrV, åhUyZ 10 À¶m XmoZ
1 17 ZmoQ>m§n¡H$s 1 ZmoQ> gwQ>r H$amdr bmJUma.
˶m‘wio ¶oWo 10 À¶m EH$m ZmoQ>oMo 10 d n{hbo 7 åhUOo 17 gwQ>o
5 2 7 én¶o hmoVrb. 17 ‘YyZ 8 én¶o XoD$. 10 Mr 1 ZmoQ> Amho, Vr
-
3 1 8 XoD$, åhUOo 10 Mr ZmoQ> CaUma Zmhr. e§^amÀ¶m 5 ZmoQ>m§‘YyZ
2 0 9 3 ZmoQ>m XoVm ¶oVrb, åhUyZ Z§XÿOdi 209 én¶o CaVrb.

FdOm~mH$s H$am : 545 - 265


545 åhUOo 5 eVH$ 4 XeH$ d 5 EH$H$. ˶m§VyZ 265 dOm
e X E H$am¶Mo AmhoV. 5 EH$H$m§‘YyZ 5 EH$H$ dOm H$ê$. Cabo eyݶ
4 14 EH$H$. AmVm 4 XeH$m§VyZ 6 XeH$ dOm H$aVm ¶oUma ZmhrV, nU
5 4 5 5 eVH$ AmhoV, ˶m§Vrb 1 eVH$ ‘moH$im H$ê$. eVH$mÀ¶m KamV
- 4 am{hbo. EH$m eVH$mMo 10 XeH$ hmoVmV. Vo 10 d AmYrMo 4 Ago
2 6 5
2 8 0 14 XeH$ AmhoV. ˶m§VyZ 6 XeH$ dOm H$ê$, åhUOo 8 Cabo. AmVm
4 eVH$m§VyZ 2 eVH$ dOm H$ê$. CËVa Ambo 280.

F dOm~mH$s H$am.
e X E e X E e X E e X E

2 7 1 6 5 4 7 3 1 8 3 5
- - - -
1 3 8 5 6 2 4 8 2 5 8

e X E e X E e X E e X E

5 6 7 6 5 0 7 7 5 6 8 0
- - - -
2 4 9 6 4 5 3 9 7 1 5 4

57
F dOm~mH$s H$am : 507 - 288

e X E 7 EH$H$mVyZ 8 EH$H$ dOm hmoV ZmhrV, åhUyZ EH$ XeH$ ‘moH$im


4 9 H$am¶bm hdm; nU XeH$ñWmZrhr H$mhr Zmhr, åhUyZ 1 eVH$
10 17 ‘moH$im H$ê$Z 10 XeH$ {‘idy. ‘J ˶m§Vrb EH$ XeH$ ‘moH$im
5 0 7
- H$ê$Z 10 EH$H$ {‘iVmV. Vo d n{hbo 7 Ago 17 EH$H$ Pmbo.
2 8 8
˶m§VyZ 8 EH$H$ dOm H$ê$Z 9 EH$H$ Cabo, Vo dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ.
2 1 9
AmVm XeH$mÀ¶m KamV 9 AmhoV, ˶mVyZ 8 dOm Ho$bo. 1 XeH$ Cabm
Vmo dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ. eodQ>r 4 eVH$ {eëbH$ AmhoV. ˶mVyZ 2 dOm
H$ê$Z Cabobo 2 eVH$ dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ. dOm~mH$s 219 Ambr.

F dOm~mH$s H$am : 900 - 365

e X E ¶oWo 0 EH$H$mVyZ 5 EH$H$ dOm hmoV ZmhrV, åhUyZ XeH$ ‘moH$im


8 9 H$am¶bm hdm; nU XeH$ñWmZrhr H$mhr Zmhr, åhUyZ 1 eVH$
10 10 ‘moH$im H$ê$Z 10 XeH$ {‘idy. ‘J ˶mVrb EH$ XeH$ ‘moH$im
9 0 0 H$ê$Z 10 EH$H$ {‘iVmV. ˶m§VyZ 5 EH$H$ dOm H$ê$. Cabobo
-
3 6 5 5 EH$H$ dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ.
5 3 5 AmVm XeH$mÀ¶m KamV 9 AmhoV, ˶m§VyZ 6 dOm Ho$bo. 3 XeH$ Cabo
Vo dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ. eodQ>r 8 eVH$ {eëbH$ AmhoV. ˶m§VyZ 3 dOm
H$ê$Z Cabobo 5 eVH$ dOm~mH$sV {bhÿ. dOm~mH$s 535 Ambr.
F dOm~mH$s H$am.
e X E e X E e X E e X E

2 0 5 3 0 0 8 0 0 7 0 0
- - - -
6 9 5 2 0 7 3 4 8

F C^r ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$Z dOm~mH$s H$am.


D 245 - 6 D 348 - 59 D 556 - 368
D 407 - 240 D 845 - 657 D 932 - 754
F {Xbobo A§H$ dmnê$Z gdmªV ‘moR>r VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m d gdmªV bhmZ VrZ A§H$s g§»¶m V¶ma
H$am d ˶m§Mr dOm~mH$s H$am.
D 3, 5, 4 D 6, 5, 1 D 7, 2, 5 D 3, 4, 8

58
empãXH$ CXmhaUo
D _hmamO ~mJoV 175 Am{U e X E
g`mOr ~mJoV 268 PmS>o AmhoV.

Va g`mOr ~mJoV, _hmamO ~mJonojm {H$Vr PmS>o
-2
OmñV AmhoV ? 6 8 g`mOr ~mJoVrb PmS>o
g`mOr ~mJoV PmS>o OmñV AmhoV. 1 7 5 _hmamO ~mJoVrb PmS>o
˶m§VyZ _hmamO ~mJoVrb PmS>m§Mr g§»`m dOm H$ê$. OmñV PmS>o
g`mOr ~mJoV PmS>o OmñV AmhoV.
D XþH$mZmV H$mhr nwñVHo$ AmhoV. XþH$mZXmamZo AmUIr 125 nwñVHo$
AmUbr. XþH$mZmV EHy$U 234 nwñVHo$ Pmbr, Va gwédmVrbm
XþH$mZXmamH$S>o {H$Vr nwñVHo$ hmoVr ?

D emioV 350 ‘wbr d 215 ‘wbJo AmhoV, Va ‘wb½¶m§nojm ‘wbr {H$Vr


OmñV AmhoV ?

D ‘oarH$S>o 500 én¶o hmoVo. {VZo ˶m§n¡H$s 275 én¶m§Mr nwñVHo$ KoVbr, Va
{VÀ¶mH$S>o {H$Vr én¶o {eëbH$ am{hbo ?

F {Xboë¶m ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao dOm~mH$sMr empãXH$


CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.
‘m{hVr : A‘ZH$S>o 325 ‘Ur, gwb^mH$S>o 150 ‘Ur. e X E
CXmhaU : A‘ZH$S>o 325 ‘Ur AmhoV. gwb^mH$S>o
150 ‘Ur AmhoV. gwb^mZo AmUIr {H$Vr ‘Ur ¿¶mdo, - 3 2 5 ‘Ur A‘ZH$S>o
åhUOo XmoKm§H$S>o gmaIo ‘Ur hmoVrb ? 1 5 0 ‘Ur gwb^mH$So
gwb^mZo AmUIr ‘Ur ¿¶mdo. ‘Ur ¿¶mdo

F ‘m{hVrdê$Z dOm~mH$sMr CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.


D 257 ‘Ur, 300 ‘Ur. D hmnygMo Am§~o 324, nm¶arMo Am§~o 268.
D 188 Am§ã¶mMr PmS>o, 275 noê$Mr PmS>o. D JìhmMr nmoVr 932, ÁdmarMr nmoVr 750.
D 195 H$miçm gm¶H$br, 100 bmb gm¶H$br. D 168 én¶o, 622 én¶o.

59
~oarO-dOm~mH$s
F Imbrb CXmhaUo Vm|S>r gmoS>dm.
D ‘mbVrH$S>o 15 {Zio d 7 bmb ’w$Jo AmhoV, Va EHy$U ’w$Jo {H$Vr?
D A{OVH$S>o H$mhr {~¶m AmhoV. gmJaZo ˶mbm 25 {~¶m {Xë¶m. AmVm A{OVH$S>o 65
{~¶m Pmë¶m, Va A{OVH$S>o AmYr {H$Vr {~¶m hmo˶m ?
D EH$m Q>monbrV Jwbm~mMr d ‘moJè¶mMr {‘iyZ 80 ’w$bo AmhoV. ˶m§n¡H$s 30 ’w$bo
Jwbm~mMr AmhoV, Va ‘moJè¶mMr ’w$bo {H$Vr ?
D d¥jqXS>rV 100 ‘wbo gh^mJr Pmbr. ˶m§V 60 ‘wbr AmhoV, Va ‘wbJo {H$Vr ?
D AH$~aZo 42 ~Q>mQ>o gmobbo. gb‘mZo 35 ~Q>mQ>o gmobbo. gb‘mZo AOyZ {H$Vr ~Q>mQ>o
gmobbo åhUOo AH$~aZo gmobboë`m ~Q>mQ>çm§EdT>o ~Q>mQ>o gmobyZ hmoVrb ?
F ‘m{hVr d àíZm§À¶m AmYmao empãXH$ CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.
Q>moZrH$S>rb nwñVHo$ 75, gmoZyH$S>rb nwñVHo$ 40, Z§XÿH$S>rb nwñVHo$ 80.
D Q>moZr d gmoZyH$S>rb {‘iyZ nwñVHo$ {H$Vr ?
D Q>moZrH$S>o gmoZynojm {H$Vr nwñVHo$ OmñV AmhoV ?
D Q>moZrnojm Z§XÿH$S>o {H$Vr nwñVHo$ OmñV AmhoV ?
D gmoZyZo AOyZ {H$Vr nwñVHo$ ¿¶mdr, åhUOo Q>moZr d gmoZy `m§À`mH$S>o g_mZ nwñVHo$ hmoVrb ?
F ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am d gmoS>dm.
D bmb JmoQ>çm 150, {Ziçm JmoQ>çm 220, {haì¶m JmoQ>çm 75.
D gb‘mMo JwU 272, Z§XÿMo JwU 245, gmoZyMo JwU 331.
D Ymd’$bH$ :
AemoH$ - 110,
gbr‘ - 92,
S>opìhS> - 48.

60
  JwUmH$ma
XeH$m§Mm JwUmH$ma

Q>moZr : EImXçm g§»`obm 10 Zo JwUUo åhUOo ˶m g§»¶oMr XhmnQ> H$aUo.


3  10 åhUOo 3 Mr XhmnQ>, VrZ Xmho Vrg, 3  10 = 30 ¶mà‘mUo
4  10 = 40, 5  10 = 50, 6  10 = 60, 10  10 = 100.
gmoZy : åhUOo 13  10 = 130, 24  10 = 240 Am{U 40  10 = 400 Ago ¶oB©b.
VmB© : EImXçm g§»`obm XhmZo JwUUo åhUOo Ë`m g§»`oÀ`m nwTo EH$ eyÝ` {b{hUo.
gb‘m : 20  3 åhUOo 20 + 20 + 20 = 60 ¶oVmV.
Q>moZr : 20  3 åhUOo 2 XeH$m§Mr {VßnQ> = 6 XeH$ = 60.
VmB© : 20  3 H$aVmZm 2 d 3 ¶m§Mm JwUmH$ma H$ê$ d nwT>o eyݶ {bhÿ. JwUmH$ma Ambm 60.
¶mà‘mUo
20  6 = 2 X  6 = 12 X = 120 50  7 = 35 X = 350
40  5 = 4 X  5 = 20 X = 200 80  3 = 24 X = 240
gmoZy : Oa XmoÝhr g§»¶m§À¶m EH$H$ñWmZr eyݶ Agob Va ?
VmB© : 30  20 hm JwUmH$ma H$aVmZm XmoÝhrn¡H$s EH$ g§»¶m XeH$ê$nmV {bhm.
30  20 åhUOoM 30  2 X.
gb‘m : ho Va 60 X Pmbo, åhUOo 600 Pmbo.
gmoZy : 30  20 åhUOo 600 Pmbo Zm ?
Q>moZr : 3 X  2 X åhUOo 6 e Pmbo, Ag§M Zm ?
VmB© : ~amo~a. åhUOo 30  20 hm JwUmH$ma H$aVmZm àW_ 3  2 hm JwUmH$ma H$am d
˶mnwT>o XmoZ eyݶ§ {bhm.
H$ê$Z nmhm. 40  20 = 800 ¶oVmV. 30  30 = 900 ¶oVmV.

Oa XmoÝhr g§»¶m§‘ܶo EH$H$ñWmZr eyݶ Agob, Va ˶m§Mm JwUmH$ma H$aVmZm


XeH$ñWmZÀ¶m A§H$m§Mm JwUmH$ma H$ê$Z ˶mÀ¶mnwT>o XmoZ eyݶo {bhmdr.
F JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 4  50 = D 3X3X= D 70  10 =
D 6  20 = D 4X2X= D 20  20 =

61
XmoZ A§H$s g§»¶m d EH$ A§H$s g§»¶m ¶m§Mm JwUmH$ma : Mm¡H$Q> nX²YV (b°{Q>g nX²YV)

gmoZy: H$mb _r EH$ nwñVH$ 34 én¶m§Zm, ¶mà‘mUo XmoZ nwñVH§ IaoXr Ho$br. AmoiI ~a§ ! _r
{H$Vr én`o {Xbo AgVrb ?
gb‘m : ¶mgmR>r 34  2 hm JwUmH$ma H$amdm bmJob.
VmB© : hm JwUmH$ma H$aʶmgmR>r ‘r Vwåhm§bm EH$ ¶w³Vr gm§JVo. 6 Mm nmT>m V`ma H$aVmZm
AmnU 6 Mo 4 Am{U 2 Ago XmoZ gmoB©Mo ^mJ H$ê$Z nmT>m V¶ma Ho$bm. VerM ¶w³Vr
dmnê$Z AmnU hm JwUmH$ma H$ê$. 34 Mr ’$moS> 30 + 4 Aer H$ê$. ¶mV 30 hr nyU©
XeH$ g§»¶m Agë¶mZo JwUmH$ma H$aUo gmono OmB©b.
30 4 gmoZy : àW‘ 30 åhUOo 3 XeH$m§Zm 2 Z§ JwUb§.
 (3 X) (4 E) 6 XeH$ åhUOo 60 Ambo.
Z§Va 4 EH$H$  2 = 8.
(30  2 ) (4  2) AmVm 60 d 8 ¶m§Mr ~oarO Ho$br.
2
60 8 60 + 8 = 68, åhUyZ 34  2 = 68.

F JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 37  4 D 56  3
 30 7 120  50 6 150
+ 28 + 18
4 120 28 3 150 18
148 168
37  4 = 148 56  3 = 168
F Mm¡H$Q>tMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z Imbrb JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 42  3 D 51  6
 40 2  50 1
3 6

D 73  5 D 39  8

 70 3  30 9
5 8

62
XmoZ A§H$s XmoZ g§»¶m§Mm JwUmH$ma : Mm¡H$Q> nX²YV
D àm{Ug§J«hmb¶ nmhm¶bm OmVmZm à˶oH$ ‘wbmH$Sy>Z ~ggmR>r 12 én¶o ¿¶m¶Mo AmhoV.
EHy$U 25 ‘wbo OmUma AgVrb, Va {H$Vr én¶o Jmoim hmoVrb ?
Z§Xÿ : ¶mgmR>r 25 bm 12 Z§ JwUm¶M§ Zm?
VmB© : AmnU nwÝhm gmoB©Mo ^mJ H$ê$Z Mm¡H$Q> nX²YVrZ§ JwUmH$ma H$ê$.
25 = 20 + 5 Am{U 12 = 10 + 2 Ago ^mJ KoD$.

 20 5 200
+ 50
10 200 50 + 40

+ 10 25  12 = 300 én¶o Jmoim hmoVrb.
2 40 10
300
F JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 43  23 D 62  13

 40 3  60 2
20 10
3 3

43  23 = 62  13 =

D 32  14 D 13  27
 30 2  10 3
10 20
4 7

32  14 = 13  27 =
F JwUmH$ma H$am.
D 56  16 D 71  12 D 29  29

63
JwUmH$ma : C^r ‘m§S>Ur
VmB© : AmnU Mm¡H$Q>tMm dmna H$ê$Z (b°{Q>g nX²YVrZ§) JwUmH$ma H$am¶bm {eH$bmo. VmoM
doJiçm àH$mao H$gm H$am¶Mm Vo nmhÿ. Amnë¶mbm {H«$¶m g‘Obr Amho. Vr doJiçm
nX²YVrZ§ {bhÿ.
F JwUmH$ma H$am : 34  2

XeH$ EH$H$ àW‘ EH$H$ñWmZmVrb 4 bm 2 Z§ JwUy.


~o MmoH$ AmR>, åhUyZ aoKoImbr EH$H$mV 8 {bhÿ.
3 4 AmVm XeH$ñWmZmVrb 3 bm 2 Z§ JwUy.

2 ~o {ÌH$ ghm. ho 6 XeH$mÀ¶m Imbr {bhÿ.
6 8 JwUmH$ma Ambm 68.
Q>moZr : N>mZ ! ho MQ>H$Z H$ê$Z Pmb§.
F JwUmH$ma H$am.
XeH$ EH$H$ XeH$ EH$H$ XeH$ EH$H$ XeH$ EH$H$
4 2 2 4 2 2 3 1
   
2 2 4 3
8 4

hmV˦mMm JwUmH$ma X E
Q>moZr : 26  3 hm JwUmH$ma H$gm H$am¶Mm ?
gb‘m : JwUmH$mamMr C^r ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$. 2 6
àW‘ EH$H$mÀ¶m KamVrb 6 bm 3 Z§ JwUy.  3
VrZ gmho AR>am.

VmB© : AR>am‘Yrb 10 EH$H$m§Mm EH$ XeH$ H$ê$Z X E


XeH$mÀ¶m KamV da {bhÿ. EH$H$mÀ¶m KamV aoKoImbr hmVMo
1
AmR {bhÿ. XeH$mÀ¶m KamVrb 2 bm 3 Z§ JwUy.
2 6
VrZ XþUo ghm d Zdm Ambobm EH$ XeH$ {‘iyZ  3
7 XeH$ Pmbo. ho XeH$mÀ¶m KamV CËVamÀ¶m
OmJr {bhÿ. 7 18
JwUmH$ma Ambm 78.

64
F JwUmH$ma H$am : 18  4

XeH$ EH$H$ àW‘ 8 EH$H$m§Zm 4 Z§ JwUy. Mma AmR>o ~ËVrg.


3 ˶m§Vë¶m 30 EH$H$m§Mo VrZ XeH$ hmoVmV. Vo 3 XeH$mÀ¶m KamV
da {bhÿ. 2 EH$H$, EH$H$mÀ¶mM KamV aoKoImbr {bhÿ. AmVm
1 8 XeH$mÀ¶m KamVrb 1 bm 4 Z§ JwUy. Mma EHo$ Mma d da {b{hbobo
 4 VrZ {‘iyZ gmV XeH$. ho 7 aoKoImbr XeH$mÀ¶m KamV {bhÿ.
7 32 JwUmH$ma Ambm 72.

F JwUmH$ma H$am.

XeH$ EH$H$ XeH$ EH$H$ XeH$ EH$H$ XeH$ EH$H$

1 5 2 4 2 7 1 5
   
5 3 3 6

XeH$ EH$H$ VmB© : 23  7 hm JwUmH$ma H$am¶Mm Amho. àW‘ 3 EH$H$m§Zm


2 7 Zo JwUy. 7 {ÌH$ 21. ˶m§n¡H$s 20 EH$H$m§Mo 2 XeH$
V¶ma H$ê$Z Vo XeH$mÀ¶m KamV da {bhÿ. EH$H$mÀ¶m
2 3 KamV 1 am{hbm. AmVm XeH$mÀ¶m KamV 7 XþUo 14
 7 Am{U hmVMo Ambobo 2 {‘iyZ 16 XeH$ Pmbo.
1 1 6 21 gb‘m : 16 XeH$ åhUOo 1 eVH$ 6 XeH$,
e X E åhUOo JwUmH$ma Ambm 161.
1 6 1

e X E e X E e X E e X E

3 6 4 0 5 4 9 2
 4  8  7  8

65
empãXH$ CXmhaUo
D EH$m ~aUrV 34 Mm°H$boQ>o ¶mà‘mUo D EH$m nwñVH$mMr qH$‘V 85 én¶o, Va Aem
9 ~aÊ`m§Vrb EHy$U Mm°H$boQo> {H$Vr ? 5 nwñVH$m§Mr EHy$U qH$‘V {H$Vr ?
3
4 Mm°H$boQ>o (EH$m ~aUrV)
3 85 én¶o> (à˶oH$ nwñVH$mMr qH$‘V)
 9 ~aʶm 5 nwñVHo$

3 0 6 Mm°H$boQ>o én¶o
EHy$U Mm°H$boQo> 306 EHy$U qH$‘V én¶o
D 1 ‘rQ>a H$mnS>mMr qH$‘V 95 é. Amho, D 1 brQ>a XþYmMr qH$‘V 40 én¶o, Va
Va 6 ‘rQ>a H$mnS>mMr qH$‘V {H$Vr ? 3 brQ>a XþYmMr qH$‘V {H$Vr ?

H$mnS>mMr qH$‘V én¶o XþYmMr qH$‘V én¶o

F Imbrb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.


D EH$m am§JoV 25 ‘wbo, ¶mà‘mUo 7 am§Jm§Vrb ‘wbm§Mr g§»¶m {H$Vr ?
D 53 én¶m§Zm EH$, ¶mà‘mUo 6 Q>m°dobm§Mr qH$‘V {H$Vr ?
D EH$m noQ>rV 72 g’$aM§Xo, Aem 5 noQ>çm§Vrb g’$aM§Xo {H$Vr ?
D EH$m S>ã¶mV 40 bmSy> ‘mdVmV, Va Aem 9 S>ã¶m§Vrb bmSy> {H$Vr ?

F JwUmH$mamMr CXmhaUo V¶ma H$ê$Z gmoS>dm.


‘m{hVr : 8 én¶m§g 1 dhr, 45 dhçm. ‘m{hVr   : EH$m noQ>rV 48 S>mqi~o, 7   noQ>çm.
CXmhaU : 8 én¶m§g EH$ dhr ¶mà‘mUo CXmhaU : EH$m noQ>rV 48 S>mqi~o, Va 7
45 dhçm§Mr EHy$U qH$‘V {H$Vr ? noQ>çm§Vrb S>mqi~o {H$Vr ?
45 dhçm
 8 EH$m dhrMr qH$‘V
360 én¶o
45 dhçm§Mr EHy$U qH$‘V 360 én¶o. 7 noQ>çm§Vrb EHy$U S>mqi~o
D EH$m am§JoV 15 PmS>o, 9 am§Jm. D EH$m S>ã¶mV 20 bmSy>, 8 S>~o.
D 16 IoiUr, à˶oH$s qH$‘V 10 é. D EH$m nwñVH$mbm 36 én¶o, 7 nwñVHo$.

66
^mJmH$ma

g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aUo


amOy : AmB©Z§ _bm 6 Jmoiçm {Xë`m AmhoV.
˶m AmnU XmoK§ gma»`m dmQy>Z KoD$.
g§Oy : Vwbm EH$, _bm EH$ Aer dmQ>Ur H$ê$.
amOy : _bm 3 Jmoiçm {_imë`m.
g§Oy : _bmhr VrZM Jmoiçm {_imë`m, EHy$U Jmoiçm> à˶oH$mbm Jmoiçm>
åhUOo à˶oH$mbm VrZ-VrZ Jmoiçm> 6 3
{‘imë`m.
D BWo H$mhr ‘wbm‘wbtMr {MÌo H$mT>br AmhoV.
EHy$U {H$VrOU AmhoV nmhm. ‘moOm.
eoOmar noê$ XmIdbo AmhoV. gd© ‘wbm§Zm g‘mZ
dmQ>m`Mo AmhoV. H$go dmQ>mb ?

EHy$U noê$ gw‘m amOy ‘rZm A§Oy

àË`oH$mbm {H$Vr noê$ {_imbo ?

D {~pñH$Q>m§À¶m EH$m nwS>çmV 12 {~pñH$Q>o AmhoV.


amOy, g§Oy Am{U A{ZVm ¶m {VKm§V ˶m§Mr g‘mZ
dmQUr H$am¶Mr Amho.

EHy$U {~pñH$Qo$ à˶oH$mMm dmQ>m

amOy g§Oy A{ZVm

{VKm§V g‘mZ dmQ>br, Va à˶oH$mbm


{~pñH$Q>o {_iVrb.

67
D eoOmaÀ¶m {MÌmV 18 ~moao XmIdbr AmhoV.
hr ~moao XmoKm§V g‘mZ dmQ>br, Va à˶oH$mbm
{H$Vr {‘iVrb ?

D 18 ~moao VrZOUm§V g‘mZ dmQ>br, Va


à˶oH$mbm {H$Vr {‘iVrb ?

D 18 ~moao ghmOUm§V g‘mZ dmQ>br, Va


à˶oH$mbm {H$Vr {‘iVrb ?

JQ> qH$dm dmQ>o H$aUo

AmB© : 6 Am§~o AmUbo AmhoV. gwMoVm XmoZ-XmoZ Am§ã¶m§Mo dmQ>o H$a.


{H$Vr hmoVmV gm§J.
gwMoVm : VrZ dmQ>o Pmbo.
AmVm VrZ-VrZ Am§ã¶m§Mo
dmQ>o H$ê$Z nmhÿ H$m ?
AmB© : Oê$a H$ê$Z nmhm. {H$Vr hmoVmV
Vo gm§J.
gwMoVm : AmVm XmoZM dmQ>o Pmbo.
gwMoVmZo Ho$bobr dmQ>Ur Imbrb gmaUrV XmIdbr Amho.

$EHy$U Am§~o à˶oH$ dmQ>çmVrb Am§~o EHy$U dmQ>o


6 2 3
6 3 2

D {MÌmV dmQ>o XmIdyZ gmaUr nyU© H$am.


$EHy$U EH$m dmQ>çmVrb EHy$U
Am§~o Am§~o dmQ>o
8 2
8 4

68
D {MÌmV dmQ>o XmIdm d gmaUr nyU© H$am.
$EHy$U EH$m dmQ>çmV EHy$U
H$mH$S>çm H$mH$S>çm dmQ>o
10 1
10 2
10 5
10 10

D VmB© 12 _wbm§Mm Ioi KoV hmoË`m. Ë`m åhUmë`m, ""Mbm AmnU JQ> V¶ma H$aʶmMm Ioi
Ioiy¶m. ‘r ~moQ>m§Zr IyU H$arZ {VV³¶m OUm§Mm JQ> H$am`Mm''.

VmBªZr hmVmMr 4 ~moQ>o da Ho$br.


{H$Vr JQ> Pmbo ?
VmBª©Zr hmVmZo IyU Ho$br 3 Mr.
{H$Vr JQ> Pmbo ?
VmBª©Zr hmVmZo IyU Ho$br 2 Mr.
{H$Vr JQ> Pmbo ?
VmBª©Zr XmoÝhr hmVm§Zr {‘iyZ
IyU Ho$br 6 Mr. {H$Vr JQ> Pmbo ?
D EH$m Imo³¶mV 6 bmSy> ‘mdVmV, Va 48 bmSy> ^aÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr ImoH$s bmJVrb ? emoYm
nmhÿ.
EHy$U bmSy> EH$m Imo³¶mVrb bmSy> ImoŠ`m§Mr g§»`m
48 6 >

D EH$m Imo³¶mV 10 ’$aí¶m ~gVmV. Imobrbm EHy$U 60 ’$aí¶m ~gdm¶À¶m AmhoV. ’$aí¶m§Mr
{H$Vr ImoH$s AmUmdr bmJVrb ?
EHy$U ’$aí¶m EH$m Imo³¶mVrb ’$aí¶m ImoŠ`m§Mr g§»`m
60 10 >

69
D EH$m ‘oU~ËVrÀ¶m Imo³¶mV 8 ‘oU~Ë˶m ‘mdVmV,
Va 24 ‘oU~Ë˶m ^aÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr ImoH$s
bmJVrb ?

dñVwg‘yhmVrb dñVy§Mo g‘mZ JQ> H$aUo åhUOo ^mJmH$ma.

D EH$M g§»¶m nwÝhmnwÝhm dOm H$aUo

¶m 8 ’w$bm§‘YyZ Xadoir 2 ’w$bo AmnU H$mTy>Z KoD$¶m.

8 ’w$bm§‘YyZ n{hë¶m doir 2 ’w$bo H$mT>br. 8 - 2 = 6.


6 ’w$bo am{hbr.

6 ’w$bm§‘YyZ Xþgè¶m doir 2 ’w$bo H$mT>br. 6 - 2 = 4.


4 ’w$bo am{hbr.

4 ’w$bm§‘YyZ {Vgè¶m doir 2 ’w$b§ H$mT>br. 4 - 2 = 2.


2 ’w$bo am{hbr.

2 ’w$bm§‘YyZ Mm¡Ï¶m doir 2 ’w$bo H$mT>br. 2 - 2 = 0


’w$bo {eëbH$M am{hbr ZmhrV,
åhUOo eyݶ (0) ’w$bo am{hbr.
8 \w$bm§VyZ à˶oH$ doir 2 ’w$bo H$mT>Ê`mMr {H«$`m OmñVrV OmñV 4 doim H$aVm Ambr.

D Z§Xÿbm S>m°³Q>am§Zr 15 Jmoiçm {Xë¶m. amoO 3 ¶mà‘mUo ˶mbm ˶m {H$Vr {Xdg ¿¶mì¶m
bmJVrb, ho darbà‘mUo {MÌo H$mTy>Z XmIdm.

70
VmB© : AmO _r WmoS>r Om§^i§ AmUbr AmhoV. H$moUH$moU Ambo AmhoV ?
gmoZy : gb_m, Q>moZr d _r Ago {VK§OU AmhmoV.
VmB© : hr Om§^i§ _moO>. {VKm§_Yo gmaIr dmQ>.
gmoZy : hr ~mam Om§^i§ AmhoV. ‘r à˶oH$mbm EH$-EH$ ¶mà‘mUo {VKm§Zm gmaIr dmQ>Vo.

VmB© :à˶oH$mbm {H$Vr {‘imbr ?


gmoZy :à˶oH$mbm Mma {‘imbr.
gb‘m :‘r Oam doJiçm àH$mao dmQy> H$m ?
VmB© :Oê$a ! H$er dmQ>erb ?
gb‘m :{VKm§V dmQ>m¶Mr, åhUyZ VrZ-VrZMo JQ> H$aVo.
‘J à˶oH$mZ§ EHo$H$m JQ>mVb§ EH$-EH$ Om§^yi
¿¶m¶M§ !
Q>moZr : Ia§M H$s ! à˶oH$ JQ>mVb§ EH$, åhUOo
à˶oH$mbm Mma Om§^i§ !

VmB© : AmUIr EH$ Vw‘À¶m bjmV Amb§ H$m ?


gb‘m JQ> H$aV hmoVr Voìhm Vr à˶oH$ doir
VrZ Om§^i§ H$‘r H$aV hmoVr. åhUOo ~mam‘YyZ
naVnaV VrZ dOm H$aV hmoVr.
gb‘m : hmo VmB© ! Am{U Ag§ Mma doim Ho$ë¶mda Om§^i§ g§nbr.
VmB© : AmVm Vw‘À¶m bjmV Amb§ Agob, H$s ~mam Om§^i§
{VKm§V gmaIr dmQ>U§ qH$dm ˶m§Mo VrZ-VrZMo
JQ> H$aU§, åhUOoM ˶m§VyZ naVnaV VrZ
Om§^i§ dOm H$aUo. ¶m gd© {H«$¶m§Mm n[aUm‘
gmaImM Amho.

71
Q>moZr : hmo VmB©.
VmB© : åhUyZ ¶m gJiçm {H«$¶m§Zm J{UVmV "^mJmH$ma' ho EH$M Zmd Amho.
dñVy§Mr g_mZ dmQ>Ur H$aUo åhUOo ^mJmH$ma.
dñVy§Mr g_mZ JQ>m§V {d^mJUr åhUOo ^mJmH$ma.
dñVy§À¶m g§»¶oVyZ EH$M g§»`m nwÝhm nwÝhm dOm H$aUo åhUOohr ^mJmH$ma.
Q>moZr : nU VmB©, {MÝh dmnê$Z JwUmH$ma {b{hʶmMr nX²YV Amåhm§bm ‘mhrV Amho. Ver {MÝh
dmnê$Z ^mJmH$ma {b{hʶmMr nX²YVhr AgobM Zm ?
VmB© : "^mJmH$ma' ¶m {H«$¶ogmR>r  ho {MÝh dmnaVmV. Vo dmnê$Z Vwåhr Ho$bobr {H«$¶m
"12  3 = 4' Aer {b{hVmV. "Vr ~mam ^m{Jbo VrZ ~amo~a Mma' Aer dmMVmV.
gb‘m : ‘m¶m bjmV Amb§ Amho. VrZ MmoH$ ~mam, åhUOo VrZ-VrZ dñVy§Mo Mma JQ> EH$Ì
Ho$bo, H$s ~mam dñVy hmoVmV. ‘J CbQ> ~mam dñVy VrZ-VrZÀ¶m JQ>m§V {d^mJë¶m, Va
EHy$U Mma JQ> hmoUma !
VmB© : em~mg ! VrZMo JQ> H$aVmZm VrZMm nmT>m ~mamn¶ªV åhQ>bm, H$s ~mam‘YyZ VrZMo
{H$Vr JQ> hmoVmV Vo g‘OVo. VgoM 12 Mr dmQ>Ur {VKm§‘Yo H$aVmZmhr VrZMmM nmT>m
dmnê$Z "VrZ MmoH$ ~mam' åhUyZ à˶oH$mbm Mma dñVy {‘iVrb.

F EH$m S>ã¶mV 9 bmSy> AmhoV. Vo MmaOUm§V g‘mZ dmQ>m¶Mo AmhoV. à˶oH$s XmoZ ¶mà‘mUo
Mm¡Km§Zm 8 bmSy> {Xë¶mg 1 bmSy> Caob, åhUOo nyU© bmS>dm§_ܶo g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aVm ¶oV
Zmhr. 1 bmSy> ~mH$s CaVmo. S>ã¶mV AmR>M bmSy> AgVo, Va g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aVmZm bmSy>
~mH$s Cabm ZgVm. g‘mZ dmQ>Ur H$aVmZm H$YrH$Yr dñVy {eëbH$ amhVmV. ¶m {eëbH$
am{hboë¶m dñVy§Mr g§»¶m åhUOo ~mH$s. dñVy§À¶m EodOr g§»¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo Ho$bobr C^r
‘m§S>Ur nmhm.
2 bmSy> àË`oH$mbm {_imbo.
4 OUm§V dmQ>bo. 4 ) 9 bmSy> hmoVo.
- 8 bmSy> dmQy>Z Pmbo.

1 bmSy> {eëbH$.

72
D 12 ’w$bo 4 ‘wbm§Zm g‘mZ dmQ>br.
à˶oH$mbm 3 ’w$bo {‘iVmV.,
3 (^mJmH$ma)
àË`oH$mMr ’w$bo H$maU 4 {ÌH$ 12.
(^mOH$) 4) 12 (^mÁ¶) EHy$U ’w$bo
hm ^mJmH$ma, Cä¶m ‘m§S>UrV
- 12
dmQy>Z Pmbo
br ’w$bo eoOmar XmIdë¶mà‘mUo {b{hVmV.
0 (~mH$s) Cabobr ’w$bo 12 bm 4 Zo ^mJbo, H$s ~mH$s eyݶ ¶oVo.

D 5 ‘wbm§‘ܶo 15 bmSy> gmaIo dmQ>bo.


à˶oH$mbm 3 bmSy> {‘iVmV,
3 ^mJmH$ma H$maU 5 {ÌH$ 15.
^mOH$ 5 ) 15 ^mÁ`
- 15 à˶oH$mbm {‘imbobo bmSy> åhUOo
0 ~mH$s ^mJmH$ma.
gd© bmSy> g§nVmV. {eëbH$ H$mhrhr
Zmhr, åhUOo ~mH$s 0.
D 22 én¶o 5 OUm§V dmQ>m¶Mo AmhoV.

5 ) 22 Q>moZr : ¶oWo 22 ^mÁ¶ d 5 ^mOH$.


gb‘m : ¶oWo 5 hm ^mOH$, åhUyZ 5 Mm nmT>m dmnê$.
5 MmoH$ 20 Am{U 5 nmMo 25.
4 ^mJmH$ma Q>moZr : 22 ‘YyZ 25 dOm Zmhr H$aVm ¶oUma;
^mOH$ 5 ) 22 ^mÁ¶ nU 22 ‘YyZ 20 dOm hmoD$ eH$Vrb.
- 20 gmoZy : 5 MmoH$ 20 ho dmnam¶Mo, åhUyZ aoKoÀ¶m da
2 ~mH$s EH$H$mÀ¶m OmJr 4 {bhÿ.
Z§Xÿ : hm 4 ^mJmH$mamV {b{hVmZm XeH$ñWmZr {bhÿZ
MmbUma Zmhr, H$maU à˶oH$mbm 4 én¶o
F ^mJmH$ma H$am. {‘iVrb. 4 XeH$ qH$dm 40 Zìho.
4
9) 36 7) 42 8) 64 6) 54
- 36

0
7
8) 58 6) 49 5) 47 7) 29
- 56

2

73
   H$mb‘mnZ  
n KS>çmimMo dmMZ
VmB© : H$mb Vwåhr KS>çmimdê$Z doi H$er AmoiIm¶Mr ho {dMmab§
hmoV§. AmO ‘r ‘moR>§ KS>çmi AmUb§ Amho, ˶mdê$Z {eHy$¶m.
KS>çmimVrb N>moQ>çm d ‘moR>çm H$mQ>çmH$S>o bj Xçm. XmoÝhr
H$mQ>o 12 da AgVmV Voìhm ~mam dmObobo AgVmV.
gb‘m : bhmZ H$mQ>m 4 da Am{U ‘moR>m H$mQ>m 12 da AgVmo, Voìhm 4
dmObobo AgVmV.
Z§Xÿ : ¶mà‘mUoM 5 dmObobo qH$dm 9 dmObobo XmIdVm ¶oVrb.
gmoZy : bhmZ H$mQ>m hiyhiy, Va ‘moR>m H$mQ>m ˶mnojm ^a^a {’$aVmo,
hmo Zm ?
VmB© : hmo. bhmZ H$mQ>m Vmg XmIdVmo, Va ‘moR>m H$mQ>m {‘{ZQ>§
XmIdVmo; åhUyZ bhmZ H$mQ>çmbm VmgH$mQ>m d ‘moR>çm
H$mQ>çmbm {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m Ag§ åhUVmV. AmVm ‘moR>m H$mQ>m 1 da
Jobm. 12 dmOyZ 5 {‘{ZQ>§ Pmbr.
Z§Xÿ : {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 2 da Jobm, H$s 12 dmOyZ 10 {‘{ZQ>§ hmoVrb. ‘J
{‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 3 da AgVmZm 12 dmOyZ 15 {‘{ZQ>§ hmoVrb. hmo
Zm ? VmgH$mQ>m qH${MV nwT>o Jobobm {Xgob.
VmB© : ~amo~a. à˶oH$ XmoZ bJVÀ¶m g§»¶m§À¶m Kam§V 5-5 {‘{ZQ>m§M§
A§Va Amho.
gmoZy : åhUOo {‘{ZQ>§ ‘moOVmZm 5 Mm nmT>m Cn¶moJr nS>ob. ¶mà‘mUo
VmgH$mQ>m 12 d 1 ¶m§À¶m ‘ܶo Am{U {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 9 da
Agë¶mg 12 dmOyZ 45 {‘{ZQ>§ hmoVrb, H$maU ZD$ nmMo
n§MoMmirg.
VmB© : em~mg ! Ooìhm {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m 12 nmgyZ nwT>onwT>o OmV nwÝhm
12 n¶ªV ¶oVmo, Voìhm ˶mMr EH$ ’o$ar nyU© hmoVo. ¶mgmR>r
bmJUmam doi 60 {‘{ZQ>§ åhUOoM 1 Vmg AgVmo. ˶mM
doimV VmgH$mQ>m 12 dê$Z 1 da OmVmo, ˶m doir 1 dmObobm
AgVmo.
Q>moZr : Amb§ bjmV. VmgH$mQ>m 4 d 5 ¶m§À¶m ‘Yo Am{U {‘{ZQ>H$mQ>m
8 da AgVmZm, "nmM AmR>o Mmirg' åhUyZ, 4 dmOyZ 40
{‘{ZQ>§ hmoVmV.
Vmg-{‘{ZQ> hr doi ‘moOʶmMr EH$Ho$ AmhoV.

74
F Imbrb KS>çmim§V {XgUmar doi Vmg d {‘{ZQ>m§V {bhm.

F Imbr {Xbobr doi nmhm. ˶m doir H$mQ>çm§Mr pñWVr H$er Agob Vo KS>çmi‹mV XmIdm.
5 dmOyZ 10 {‘{ZQ>o 9 dmOyZ 5 {‘{ZQ>o 6 dmOyZ 20 {‘{ZQ>o 11 dmOyZ 35 {‘{ZQ>o

F Imbrb àË`oH$ {H«$¶m nyU© hmoʶmgmR>r A§XmOo {H$Vr {_{ZQ>o qH$dm {H$Vr Vmg qH$dm {H$Vr
{Xdg doi bmJVmo, Vo gmaUrV {bhm.
$Hw$H$a‘ܶo JmB©Mo XÿY AmB©Mm nmʶmMm hm¡X ñdoQ>a {dUUo Jwbm~mMr
^mV {eOUo H$mT>Uo ñd¶§nmH$ ^aUo H$ir C‘bUo

F {Xdg^amV H$aV Agbobr à‘wI H$m‘o, Vr H$m‘o H$aVmZmMr doi d ˶m doiMr KS>çmimVrb
H$mQ>çm§Mr pñWVr Imbrb gmaUrV {bhm.

A.H«$. H$m‘ KS>çmimVrb doi KS>çmimVrb H$mQ>çm§Mr pñWVr

1. gH$mir CR>Uo 6 dmOyZ 15 {‘{ZQ>o bhmZ H$mQ>m 6 À¶m nwT>o, ‘moR>m H$mQ>m 3 da.

F Imbrb KS>çmim§Mr ‘m{hVr ¿¶m.


D ‘mo~mBb‘Yrb KS>çmi D JOamMo/MmdrMo KS>çmi D b§~H$mMo KS>çmi
D ñd¶§M{bV KS>çmi D e`©VrÀ`m doir n§M dmnaVmV Vo KS>çmi (ñQ>m°n dm°M)
D dmiyMo KS>çmi D gmdbrMo KS>çmi

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : OmS> nwR²>R>m d {nZm ¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo KS>çmi V¶ma H$aʶmg gm§Jmdo. ˶mdê$Z KS>çmimÀ¶m dmMZmMm
gamd ¿¶mdm.

75
{XZX{e©H$m  
n {XZX{e©Ho$Mm Cn¶moJ
F ¶m dfm©Mr {XZX{e©H$m nmhm. ‘m{hVr Imbrb gmaUrV {bhm.

Am°ŠQ>mo~a ‘{hݶmV Am°JñQ> ‘{hݶmVrb {S>g|~aÀ¶m 5 OyZ ‘{hݶmV a{ddmar


¶oUmao gU gwQ²>Q>çm§Mo {Xdg VmaIoZ§Va ZmVmi ¶oUmè¶m VmaIm
{H$Vr {Xdgm§Zr ¶oVmo ?

AmO 15 OmZodmar
gmoZyÀ`m dmT>{Xdgmbm Om`M§¶,
bjmV Amho Zm ?

gb‘m : VwPm OÝ_ {H$Vr gmbr Pmbm ?


gmoZy : ‘mPr OÝ‘VmarI n§Yam OmZodmar XmoZ hOma nmM.
Q>moZr : AmOMr VmarI 15 OmZodmar 2015 Amho, åhUOo AmO gmoZy 10 dfmªMr Pmbr.
gb‘m : ‘mPr OÝ‘VmarI 12 ‘mM© 2006 Amho. AmO ‘mPo d¶ nyU© dfmªV 8 Amho.
Q>moZr : åhUOo VwPm dmT>{Xdg 12 ‘mM© 2015 bm ¶oB©b, ˶m {Xder Vy 9 dfmªMr hmoerb.
d¶ ‘mhrV H$ê$Z KoʶmgmR>r OÝ‘dfm©nwT>o Mmby df© ¶oB©n¶ªV ‘moOmdo.

76
F {Xboë¶m OÝ‘{XZm§H$m§gmR>r ¶m dfuÀ¶m dmT>{Xder hmoUmao d¶ nyU© dfmªV gmaUrV Zm|Xdm.

Zmd gm[aH$m ‘mohZ Ah‘X ‘mIZqgh


OÝ‘VmarI 18.7.2002 14.5.2000 01.2.2003 13.7.1977

F Vw‘À¶m KamVrb 춳VtÀ¶m OÝ‘VmaIm {bhÿZ gmaUr nyU© H$am.
25 ì¶m dmT>{XdgmMr AmOMo d¶ 40 ì¶m dmT>{XdgmMr
춳Vr OݑVmarI
VmarI (nyU© dfmªV) VmarI

AmB©

~m~m

VmB©

XmXm

F ‘mhrV H$ê$Z ¿¶m.


D H$moUmMm dmT>{Xdg Xa Mma dfmªZr ¶oVmo ? H$m ?
D Vw_À`m AmdS>rMm gU H$moUVm ? Vmo Joë`m dfu {H$Vr VmaIobm hmoVm ? `mdfu {H$Vr
VmaIobm Amho ?
D {XZX{e©Ho$Mo doJdoJio àH$ma.
D d¶ nyU© dfmªV, ‘{hݶm§V, {Xdgm§V H$go H$mT>mdo ?
D Amnbm Xoe 15 Am°JñQ> 1947 `m {Xder ñdV§Ì Pmbm. AmO Amnë`m Xoembm ñdmV§Í`
{_iyZ {H$Vr df} nyU© Pmbr ?
D ^maVmZo Am`©^Q hm CnJ«h AdH$memV gmoS>bm. `m KQ>Zobm 2005 gmbr 30 df} nyU©
Pmbr, Va Vmo CnJ«h {H$Vr gmbr gmoS>bm ?
D "Wmoa ^maVr` J{UVr am_mZwOZ `m§Mr OÝ_eVmãXr 1987 gmbr Pmbr.' ¶m dm³¶mMm AW©
H$m¶ ?

77
  AnyUmªH$  
AYm©
Q>moZr d Z§Xÿbm ^yH$ bmJbr hmoVr. gb‘mOdi EH$
^mH$ar hmoVr. {VZo MQ>H$Z {VMo XmoZ ^mJ H$ê$Z {Xbo.
Q>moZr : ‘bm H$‘r ^mH$ar {‘imbr.
Z§Xÿ : Ia§M ‘bm Q>moZrnojm ‘moR>r ^mH$ar {‘imbr.
gb‘m : gm°ar h§ ! ‘r KmB©V VwH$S>o Ho$bo åhUyZ Ag§ Pmb§.
‘m¶mH$S>o EH$ nwar Amho. {VMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ
H$ê$Z XoVo.
Q>moZr : AmVm XmoKm§Zm g‘mZ ^mJ {‘imbo.
gmoZy : à˶oH$mbm ~amo~a AYu nwar {‘imbr.

gmoZyOdi 1 ‘moR>m H$mJX Amho. gmoZy d gb‘m ¶m XmoKtZm {MÌ H$mT>m¶Mo Amho.
gmoZy : `m H$mJXmMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$.
Q>moZr : ‘r XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$Z XoVmo.

nyU© H$mJX AYm© AYm©


gmoZy d gb‘m ¶m§Zm AYm©-AYm© H$mJX {‘imbm.
H$moU˶mhr dñVyMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$ë¶mg ˶m§Vrb à˶oH$
^mJ Ë`m dñVyÀ`m AYm© ({Zå‘m) AgVmo.
F Imbrb {MÌm§Mo {ZarjU H$am.
nyU© noê$ AYm© noê$ nyU© g’$aM§X AY} g’$aM§X$

nyU© Ho$H$ AYm© Ho$H$ nyU© H$qbJS> AY} H$qbJS>

78
F Imbrb AmH¥$˶m§‘Yrb AYm© ^mJ a§Jdm.

F Imbrb àË`oH$ AmH¥$VrV aoK H$mT>br Amho. Ë`m aoKo_wio Á`m AmH¥$VrMo XmoZ g‘mZ ^mJ Pmbo
AmhoV, Aem AmH¥$˶m§Imbr 3 Aer IyU H$am.

nmd
VmB© : gb_m, Z§Xÿ, gmoZy, Q>moZr BH$S>o `m. _mÂ`mOdi nV§JmMm _moR>m H$mJX Amho. Ë`mMm Vwåhr
àË`oH$OU EH$-EH$ nV§J V`ma H$am.
Q>moZr : åhUOo `m H$mJXmMo Amnë`mbm Mma g_mZ ^mJ H$amdo bmJVrb.
Z§Xy : _r H$aVmo Mma g_mZ ^mJ.
VmB© : em~mg ! hm àË`oH$ ^mJ Ë`m H$mJXmMm nmd ^mJ Pmbm.
nmd ^mJ

EH$m dñVyMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$ë¶mg ˶mVrb à˶oH$ ^mJ nmd ^mJ AgVmo.
F Imbrb {MÌm§Mo {ZarjU H$am d "nmd' `mMm AW© g_OyZ ¿`m.
nyU© H$mH$S>r nmd H$mH$S>r nyU© H$qbJS> nmd H$qbJS>

nyU© Ho$H$ nmd Ho$H$

79
n nyU©, AYm© Am{U nmd ^mJ

nyU© AYm© nmd

Aܶm©Mm AYm© Ho$ë¶mghr nmd ^mJ {‘iVmo.


nyU© ^mJmMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$ë¶mg nmd ^mJ {‘iVmo, ho AmnU AmYr nm{hbobo Amho.
XmoZ nmd EH${ÌV Ho$ë¶mg AYm© hmoVmo.
VgoM Mma nmd EH${ÌV Ho$ë¶mg EH$ nyU© hmoVmo.
F Imbrb {MÌm§‘Yrb nmd ^mJ a§Jdm.

F Imbrb {MÌmV aoKm H$mTy>Z àË`oH$ {MÌmMo Mma ^mJ Ho$bo AmhoV. ˶m§n¡H$s g‘mZ ^mJ
Agboë`m {MÌmImbr 3 Aer IyU H$am. Zgë¶mg 5 Aer IyU H$am.

80
nmD$U
Z§Xÿ : ‘r ¶m H$mJXmda Mma g‘mZ ^mJ hmoVrb Aem aoKm H$mT>ë`m AmhoV.
˶m§n¡H$s VrZ ^mJ a§Jdbo AmhoV; åhUOoM H$mJXmMm nmD$U ^mJ
a§Jdbm Amho.
EH$m nyU© dñVyMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ H$ê$Z ˶m§Vrb VrZ ^mJ KoVë¶mg Vmo nmD$U ^mJ AgVmo.
AYm© noê$ nmd noê$ AYm© d nmd {‘iyZ nmD$U ~ZVmo.

VrZ nmd {‘iyZ XoIrb nmD$U ^mJ {‘iVmo.


nyU© dñVyVyZ nmd ^mJ H$‘r Ho$bm Var nmD$U ^mJ {‘iVmo.

F Imbrb AmH¥$VrVrb nmD$U ^mJ a§Jdm.

Imbrb AmH¥$Ë`m§Mm a§Jdbobm ^mJ Am{U Z a§Jdbobm ^mJ nmd, AYm©, nmD$U `m§n¡H$s {H$Vr
Amho, Vo Ë`mImbrb Mm¡H$Q>tV {bhm.

AmH¥$Vr

a§Jdbobm
AYm©
^mJ
Z a§Jdbobm
^mJ

81
g_yhmMm nmd, AYm©, nmD$U
{MÌmV AmR> M|Sy>§Mm EH$ g_yh XmIdbm Amho. AmR> M|Sy>§À`m g_yhmMo
XmoZ g_mZ ^mJ Ho$bo.

àË`oH$ ^mJ hm AmR> M|Sy>§À`m g_yhmMm AYm© qH$dm {Zå_m ^mJ Amho.
àË`oH$ AÜ`m© ^mJmV Mma M|Sy> AmhoV.
`m {MÌmV AmR> M|Sy>§À`m EH$m g_yhmMo Mma g‘mZ ^mJ Ho$bobo AmhoV.
àË`oH$ ^mJ Ë`m g_yhmMm nmd ^mJ Amho. àË`oH$ nmd ^mJmV XmoZ M|Sy>
AmhoV.
g_yhmÀ`m {Zåå`m ^mJmMm {Zå_m ^mJ Ho$bm, Va {_iUmam ^mJ {H$Vr
Agob ?
AYm© Am{U nmd {_iyZ nmD$U hmoVmo; åhUyZ EH$m g_yhmMm AYm©
Am{U nmd ^mJ {_iyZ Ë`m g_yhmMm nmD$U ^mJ hmoVmo.
{MÌmV AmR> M|Sy>§À`m EH$m g_yhmMm nmD$U ^mJ XmIdbm Amho. EH$m
nyU© g‘yhm_YyZ nmd ^mJ H$_r Ho$bm Var nmD$U ^mJ {_iVmo.
EH$m g_yhmMo VrZ nmd ^mJ EH$Ì Ho$bo, Va {_iUmam ^mJ {H$Vr
Agob ?
F Imbrb g_yhmMm AYm© ^mJ H$am. F Imbrb g_yhmMm nmD$U ^mJ a§Jdm.

F Imbrb g_yhmMm AYm© ^mJ XmIdm. F Imbrb g_yhmMm nmd ^mJ XmIdm.
am{hbobm ^mJ a§Jdm d Vmo g_yhmMm {H$Vdm
^mJ Amho ho gm§Jm.
l l l l
l l l l
l l l l l
l

82
AYm©, nmd, nmD$U - ì`dhmamV Cn`moJ
F Imbrb CXmhaUo Aä¶mgm.
D emioÀ`m _¡XmZmMr bm§~r 20 _rQ>a Amho. _¡XmZmMr {Zå_r (AYu) bm§~r 20 _rQ>aÀ`m AYu
åhUOo 10 _rQ>a; _¡XmZmMr nmd bm§~r åhUOo 20 _rQ>aÀ`m nmd åhUOo 5 _rQ>a Am{U
_¡XmZmMr nmD$U bm§~r åhUOo 15 _rQ>a Agob.
D EH$m VmgmMr 60 {‘{ZQ>o AgVmV. Aܶm© VmgmMr 30 {‘{ZQ>o AgVmV.
D 4 brQ>aMm nmd ^mJ 1 brQ>a AgVmo.
D OrdamOOdi 200 én`o AmhoV. Ë`m§Vrb nmD$U aŠH$_ Ë`mZo _rZmbm {Xbr, åhUOo
OrdamOZo _rZmbm 150 én`o {Xbo.
D EH$ S>PZ Ho$ir åhUOo 12 Ho$ir. AYm© S>PZ Ho$ir åhUOo 6 Ho$ir. nmD$U S>PZ Ho$ir
åhUOo 9 Ho$ir.
F Imbrb CXmhaUo gmoS>dm.
D AmZ§XMo AmOMo d` 8 df} Amho. lwVrMo d` AmZ§XÀ`m d`mÀ`m {Zå_o Amho, Va lwVrMo d`
{H$Vr ?
D gmoZmbrOdi 10 _rQ>a H$mnS> Amho. {VZo Ë`mVrb {Zå_o H$mnS> am_ybm {Xbo, Va
gmoZmbrH$S>o {H$Vr H$mnS> am{hbo ? {VZo am_ybm {H$Vr _rQ>a H$mnS> {Xbo ?
D AZKmH$S>o 100 én`o AmhoV. Ë`m§Vrb nmd aŠH$_ {VZo ^mdmbm {Xbr, Va ^mdmbm {VZo
{H$Vr aŠH$_ {Xbr ?
D EH$m XmoarMr bm§~r 16 _rQ>a Amho. XmoarMm nmD$U ^mJ H$mnm¶Mm Amho, Va {H$Vr _rQ>ada
IyU H$amdr bmJob ?
DgmobmnyahÿZ Zm§XoS>bm Omʶmg 6 Vmg bmJVmV. Ë`mÀ`m {Zå_m doi gmobmnyahÿZ bmVyabm
Omʶmg bmJVmo, Va gmobmnyahÿZ bmVyabm Omʶmg {H$Vr doi bmJVmo ?
F {H$Vr Vo gm§Jm.

D 24 _rQ>a H$mnS>mVrb AY} H$mnS>.


D 80 én`m§Mm nmd ^mJ.
D 40 {H$bmoJ«°_ gmIaoMm nmD$U ^mJ.
D 12 brQ>a am°Ho$bMm nmd ^mJ.
D 4 Vmg 40 {_{ZQo> doioÀ`m AYm© doi.
D 60 én`m§Mm nmD$U ^mJ.

83
_m{hVrMo ì`dñWmnZ  

gmoZyMm dmT>{Xdg Pmbm. {VÀ`m {_Ì_¡{ÌUr dmT>{Xdgmbm Amë`m hmoË`m. gdmªZr {Vbm
ew^oÀN>m {Xë`m d ^oQ>dñVyhr {Xë`m. Z§Xÿ dmT>{Xdgmbm Jobm ZìhVm. Ë`mZo gmoZybm {dMmabo -
D H$moUH$moU Ambo hmoVo ? {_Ì {H$Vr ? _¡{ÌUr {H$Vr ?
D ^oQ>dñVy H$moUË`m {_imë`m ? {H$Vr {_imë`m ?
D Amboë¶m {‘Ì‘¡{ÌUtMr Zmdo gmoZyZo gm§{JVbr.
Q>moZr : E ! AmnU AmYr ^oQ>dñVy nmhÿ Am{U Z§XÿÀ`m àíZm§Mr CËVa§ Z§Va XoD$.
Q>moZrZo dñVy§Mo JQ> Ho$bo.
gb‘mZo nwñVHo$ _moObr. ^oQ>dñVy g§»`m
gmoZyZo noZo _moObr. Q>moZrZo nopÝgbr _moOë`m. nopÝgbr 17
Z§XÿZo nmQ>rda hr _m{hVr {b{hbr. noZo 4
gmoZy : åhUOo _bm EHy$U 30 dñVy {_imë`m. nwñVHo$ 9
Q>moZr : hm Va VŠVm V`ma Pmbm ! EHy$U dñVy 30
F Xþgè`m {Xder dJm©V Amë`mda Z§XÿZo ‘wbm‘wbtZm {dMmabo, ""Vwåhr emioV H$go `oVm ?''
gmoZyZo gdmªMr CËVao Imbrbà_mUo {bhÿZ KoVbr.
amo{hV   -    ~g, {dO`   -   [ajm, _m`m   - ~g, Jmonmb - nm`r, aoIm - [ajm, H¥$îUm - gm`H$b,
Am^m - H$ma, _hmXod - nm`r, am°Oa - nm`r, \$mê$I - [ajm, Ah_X - ~g,
gm{ZH$m - gm`H$b, pñ_Vm - ~g, Z§Xÿ - [ajm, gmoZy - [ajm, Om°Z - ~g, ga~OrV - ~g,
ñdam - H$ma, am_ZmW - nm`r, A°bZ - nm`r, {dH$mg - [ajm, A±WZr - [ajm, gmam - ~g,
gVre - gm`H$b, Aë~Q>© - ~g, am_ñdm_r - nm`r, ZrVm - ~g, AbH$m - ~g,
ZmJoe - gm`H$b, H¡$bmg - gm`H$b.
Z§XÿZo VŠVm V`ma H$ê$Z VrM _m{hVr Imbrbà‘mUo XmIdbr.
amo{hV, pñ_Vm, _m`m, gmam, Ah_X, Om°Z, ga~OrV, Aë~Q>©,
~gZo `oUmao 10
ZrVm, AbH$m
[ajmZo `oUmao {dO`, aoIm, gmoZy, Z§Xÿ, \$mê$I, {dH$mg, A±WZr 7
nm`r `oUmao Jmonmb, am_ñdm_r, _hmXod, am°Oa, am_ZmW, A°bZ 6
gm`H$bZo `oUmao H¥$îUm, gm{ZH$m, gVre, ZmJoe, H¡$bmg 5
H$maZo `oUmao Am^m, ñdam 2
84
F Jwédmar JUdoemV ¶oUo Amdí¶H$ ZìhVo. _wbo a§JrV H$nS>o KmbyZ emioV Ambr hmoVr. A°bZZo
Ë`mdê$Z EH$ VŠVm ~Zdbm. gb‘mZo gwMdbo, H$s ‘wbm§Mr Zmdo {b{hʶmEodOr à˶oH$
‘wbmgmR>r EH$ C^r aoK ‘mê$.
A°bZZo V¶ma Ho$bobm V³Vm gb‘mZo V¶ma Ho$bobm V³Vm
H$nS>çm§Mm {dXçmÏ`m©Mo {dXçmWu H$nS>çm§Mm {dXçmWu
aoKm
a§J Zmd g§»`m a§J g§»`m
bmb ........ 4 bmb 4

{hadm ........ 2 {hadm 2

{ndim ........ 7 {ndim 7

{Zim ........ 10 {Zim 10

Q>moZr : ‘mPo H$nS>o bmb AmhoV, åhUyZ ‘r n{hë¶m JQ>mV.


gb‘m : nU IwUm Am{U _wbm§Mr g§»`m g_mZ Amho H$m ? H$go H$iUma ?
gmoZy : bmb H$nS>o KmVbobr _wbo Mma Am{U IwUm nU Mma, åhUOo AmnU Vmim H$ê$
eH$Vmo.
`m IwUm§Zm VmiçmÀ`m IwUm åhUVmV.
F ‘oarZo {VÀ`m ~mJoVrb \w$bPmS>m§Mr _m{hVr XmIdUmam {MÌm§Mm VŠVm V¶ma H$ê$Z AmUbm.

Jwbm~

Omñd§X

_moJam

Mm\$m

85
gmoZy : VwPr {MÌH$bm IynM N>mZ Amho. ˶m‘wio V³Vm N>mZ {XgVmo¶.
Q>moZr : nU Amåhm§bm N>mZ {MÌo H$mT>Vm ¶oV ZmhrV. ˶mV doihr Iyn OmVmo. ˶m‘wio ’w$bm§EodOr
VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm Ho$ë¶m Va A{YH$ bdH$a hmoB©b. VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm H$ê$Z Imbrb
V³Vm nyU© H$ê$.

\w$bPmS>mMo Zmd VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm EHy$U PmS>o


Jwbm~
Omñd§X
_moJam
Mm\$m

F arQ>mZo {VÀ`m {_Ì_¡{ÌUtZm gdmªV OmñV AmdS>Vm JmoS> nXmW© {dMmabm d V³Ë¶m‘ܶo
VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm Ho$ë¶m. ˶m ‘moOyZ g§»¶m {bhm. Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.

JmoS> nXmW© VmiçmÀ¶m IwUm _wbm§Mr g§»`m


{Ob~r
bmSy>
Jwbm~Om_
BVa JmoS> nXmW©

DH$moUVm nXmW© gdmªV OmñV _wbm§Zm AmdS>Vmo ?


D bmSy> AmdS>Umè`m _wbm§Mr g§»`m {Ob~r AmdS>Umè`m ‘wbm§À¶m g§»¶onojm {H$VrZo OmñV
Amho ?
F Imbrb _m{hVr Jmoim H$am. {MÌo qH$dm IwUm dmnê$Z _m{hVrMo VŠVo V`ma H$am.
D dJm©Vrb ‘wbm§Mo dmT>{Xdg H$moUH$moUË`m _{hÝ`mV `oVmV?
D ñd`§nmH$KamVrb dñVy d Ë`m§Mr g§»`m.
(CXm., dmQ>çm, nobo, VmQ>o, Vm§~o, H$n, ~í¶m, M_Mo BË`mXr.)
D dJm©Vrb {dXçmÏ`mªZm H$moUVm nmird àmUr gdmªV OmñV AmdS>Vmo ?

86
F Imbrb VŠVm nmhÿZ àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.
eoVmVrb nrH$ nrH$ KoUmao eoVH$ar
Jhÿ
Ádmar
Vm§Xÿi
dmQ>mUm
^wB©‘yJ
D$g
DEHy$U {H$Vr {nH$m§Mr _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho ?
D ^wB©‘yJ ho nrH$ KoUmao eoVH$ar {H$Vr ?
D H$moUVo nrH$ gdmªV H$_r eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z KoVbo OmVo ?
D H$moUVo nrH$ gdmªV OmñV eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z KoVbo OmVo ?
F a{ddmaÀ¶m g§Ü`mH$mir ‘Zmoa§OZmgmR>r H$m` Ho$bo ? ¶m àíZmbm _wbm§Zr {Xboë¶m CËVam§dê$Z
V¶ma Ho$bobm VŠVm nmhm.
_Zmoa§OZmMm àH$ma VmiçmÀ`m IwUm _wbm§Mr g§»`m
Ioi Ioibmo
Q>rìhr (Xÿa{MÌdmUr) nm{hbm
~mJoV \o$a\$Q>H$m _mabm
JmoîQ>rMo nwñVH$ dmMbo
D EHy$U {H$Vr _wbm§Mr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho ?
D ~mJoV \o$a\$Q>H$m _mabobr _wbo {H$Vr ?
D H$moUVr JmoîQ> H$aUmè`m _wbm§Mr g§»`m gdmªV H$_r Amho ?
F _wbm§Zm gdmªV OmñV AmdS>Umè`m \$im§Mr _m{hVr Jmoim H$am d VŠVm V`ma H$am.
AmdS>Umao \$i VmiçmÀ`m IwUm _wbm§Mr g§»`m
Am§~m
noê$
g\$aM§X
S>mqi~

87
`m VŠË`mdê$Z doJdoJir H$moUVr _m{hVr {_iVo, Vo {bhm.
D H$moUVo \$i gdmªV OmñV OUm§Zm AmdS>Vo ?
D noê$ AmdS>Umè`m§Mr g§»`m ..... AmdS>Umè¶m§À¶m g§»¶onojm OmñV Amho.

F Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao emoYyZ _m{hVrMm VŠVm V`ma H$am.


D emim gwQ>VmZm, emioÀ`m Xmamnmer Vwåhm§bm Kar ZoÊ`mgmR>r {H$Vr XþMmH$s, VrZMmH$s
Am{U MmaMmH$s dmhZo C^r AgVmV ?
D emio_Ü`o {H$Vr bmH$S>r, bmoI§S>r qH$dm ßb°pñQ>H$À`m IwÀ`m© AmhoV ?
D dJm©Vrb _wbm§À`m XßVam§Mo a§J H$moUH$moUVo AmhoV ?
D dJm©Vrb _wbm§À`m KamV ñd`§nmH$mgmR>r J°g, Ho$amogrZ qH$dm bmHy$S> `m§n¡H$s H$m`
dmnaVmV ?
D Vw_À`m JmdmVrb Xhm eoVH$è`m§H$S>o OmD$Z àË`oH$mH$S>o {H$Vr d H$moUH$moUVo nmird àmUr
AmhoV, `mMr _m{hVr O_m H$am.

- {ejH$m§gmR>r : {d{dY àg§Jm§Mr _m{hVr O_m H$aÊ`mg gm§JyZ Ë`m§Mo VŠVo V`ma H$amdo. VmiçmÀ`m IwUm qH$dm {MÌo
dmnamdr. Aem VŠË`m§À`m AmYmao JwUmË_H$ d g§»`mË_H$ ñdê$nmMo àíZ {dMmamdo.

88
{H$emoaMr dJ©Ur ^am AmVm Am°ZbmBZ!
dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur 80 én`o
({Xdmir A§H$mgh)
nwT>rb do~gmB©Q>bm ^oQ> Úm. www.kishor.ebalbharati.in
{H$emoa: kmZ Am{U ‘Zmoa§OZmMm
AØþV I{OZm
~mb^maVrMo àH$meZ
48 dfmªMr
A{daV na§nam

g§nH©$ … 020-25716244

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