Diploma Programme

Mathematics SL formula booklet

For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014

Edited in 2015 (version 2)

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2012 5045

Contents

Prior learning 2
Topics 3
Topic 1—Algebra 3
Topic 2—Functions and equations 4
Topic 3—Circular functions and trigonometry 4
Topic 4—Vectors 5
Topic 5—Statistics and probability 5
Topic 6—Calculus 6

Mathematics SL formula booklet 1

 Formulae

Prior learning

Area of a parallelogram A b h

1
Area of a triangle A (b h)
2

1
Area of a trapezium A ( a b) h
2

Area of a circle A r2

Circumference of a circle C 2 r

1
Volume of a pyramid V (area of base vertical height)
3

Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism) V l w h

Volume of a cylinder V r 2h

Area of the curved surface of a cylinder A 2 rh

4 3
Volume of a sphere V r
3

1 2
Volume of a cone V r h
3

Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and d ( x1 x2 ) 2 ( y1 y2 ) 2 ( z1 z2 ) 2

( x2 , y2 , z2 )

Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment x1 x2 y1 y2 z1 z2

with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) , ,
2 2 2

Mathematics SL formula booklet 2

Topics

Topic 1—Algebra
1.1 The nth term of an un u1 (n 1) d
arithmetic sequence

The sum of n terms of an n n

arithmetic sequence Sn 2u1 (n 1) d (u1 un )
2 2
The nth term of a un u1r n 1

geometric sequence

The sum of n terms of a u1 (r n 1) u1 (1 r n )

finite geometric sequence Sn , r 1
r 1 1 r
The sum of an infinite u1
geometric sequence S , r 1
1 r

1.2 Exponents and logarithms ax b x log a b

Laws of logarithms log c a log c b log c ab

a
log c a log c b log c
b
r
log c a r log c a

log c a
Change of base log b a
log c b

1.3 n n!
Binomial coefficient
r r !(n r )!

n n1 n nr r
Binomial theorem ( a b) n an a b a b bn
1 r

Mathematics SL formula booklet 3

Topic 2—Functions and equations
2.4 Axis of symmetry of graph b
of a quadratic function f ( x) ax 2 bx c axis of symmetry x
2a

2.6 Relationships between a x e x ln a

logarithmic and
exponential functions
log a a x x a loga x

2.7 Solutions of a quadratic

b b 2 4ac
equation ax 2 bx c 0 x , a 0
2a
Discriminant b2 4ac

Topic 3—Circular functions and trigonometry

3.1 Length of an arc l r

1 2
Area of a sector A r
2

3.2 sin
Trigonometric identity tan
cos

3.3 Pythagorean identity cos 2 sin 2 1

Double angle formulae sin 2 2sin cos
cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 2cos 2 1 1 2 si n 2

3.6 a2 b2 c2
Cosine rule c2 a2 b2 2ab cos C ; cos C
2ab

a b c
Sine rule
sin A sin B sin C

1
Area of a triangle A ab sin C
2

Mathematics SL formula booklet 4

Topic 4—Vectors
4.1
Magnitude of a vector v v12 v2 2 v32

4.2 Scalar product v w v w cos

v w v1w1 v2 w2 v3 w3

Angle between two v w

cos
vectors v w

4.3 Vector equation of a line r = a + tb

Topic 5—Statistics and probability

5.2 Mean of a set of data n
fi xi
i 1
x n
fi
i 1

5.5 n ( A)
Probability of an event A P ( A)
n (U )

Complementary events P ( A) P ( A ) 1

5.6 Combined events P(A B ) P ( A) P ( B) P ( A B)

Mutually exclusive events P(A B ) P ( A) P ( B)

Conditional probability P(A B ) P (A) P (B | A)

Independent events P(A B ) P ( A) P ( B)

5.7 Expected value of a E(X ) x P(X x)

discrete random variable X x

5.8 n r
Binomial distribution X ~ B(n , p ) P(X r) p (1 p ) n r , r 0,1, ,n
r

Mean E ( X ) np

Variance Var ( X ) np (1 p )

5.9 Standardized normal x

variable z

Mathematics SL formula booklet 5

Topic 6—Calculus
6.1 dy f ( x h) f ( x)
Derivative of f ( x) y f ( x) f ( x) lim
dx h 0 h

6.2 Derivative of x n f ( x) xn f ( x) nx n 1

Derivative of sin x f ( x) sin x f ( x) cos x

Derivative of cos x f ( x) cos x f ( x) sin x

1
Derivative of tan x f ( x) tan x f ( x)
cos 2 x

Derivative of e x f ( x) e x f ( x) e x

1
Derivative of ln x f ( x) ln x f ( x)
x

dy dy du
Chain rule y g (u ) , u f ( x)
dx du dx

dy dv du
Product rule y uv u v
dx dx dx

du dv
v u
Quotient rule
u dy dx dx
y
v dx v2

6.4 Standard integrals

xn 1
x n dx C, n 1
n 1

1
dx ln x C , x 0
x

sin x dx cos x C

cos x dx sin x C

e x dx e x C

6.5 Area under a curve b

between x = a and x = b A y dx
a

Volume of revolution b
V y2 x
about the x-axis from x = a a
to x = b

6.6 Total distance travelled t2

distance v(t ) dt
from t1 to t 2 t1

Mathematics SL formula booklet 6