For CT Knee Point Voltage for relays

Data:

1. System Voltage = 330kV

2. Highest System Voltage = 362kV
3. System Fault Level = 40kA (latest as per addendum)
4. Actual fault level:
a) Three phase fault = 18.043kA (from consultants LI
b) Single phase fault = 17.012kA dt: 26-10-2006)
5. CT cable length up to relay = 500M (Assumed)
Cable size = 4 Sq.mm copper (Assumed)

Resistance of 4 Sq.mm Copper cable at 200C= 4.61 /Km (from cable catalogue)

Resistance at 750C (RL) = R20 [1 + 20 ( T2 – T1)]

Where R20 = Resistance at 200C
20 = Temperature coefficient = 0.00393
T2 = 75 0C
T1 = 20 0C
Substituting:
RL = 4.61 [ 1 + 0.00393 (75 – 20) ]
= 5.075 
Say 5.1 
Taking the return path also into consideration RL = 5.1 * 2
RL = 10.2 

6. CT Ratio = 1600/1A
7. CT secondary resistance for 1600A tap = 10  ( from ABB Sweden for CT
ratio of 1600/1A)
 1) REL 670 for Distance Protection – Main 1
(as per chapter-3 of ABBCH catalogue)

a) For Close-in fault

Eal ≥ Ealreq = IkMax * Isn * a * RCT + RL + SR (as per Equation – 4)
Ipn I r2

b) For Zone-1 fault

Eal ≥ Ealreq = IkZone-1 * Isn * a * RCT + RL + SR (as per Equation – 5)
Ipn I r2
Where
IkMax - Maximum primary fundamental frequency current for close-in forward and reverse
faults (A) = 18.043kA
Ipn - Primary nominal CT current = 1600A
Isn - Secondary nominal CT current = 1A
Ir - REL316 rated current = 1A (assumed but to be confirmed by ABBCH)
RCT - CT Secondary winding resistance = 10  as given by ABB, Sweden
RL - CT Secondary cable resistance = 10.2 for 500M of 4 Sq.mm Copper cable as above
SR - The burden of Rex670 a current input channel (VA). SR = 0.25VA/channel
a - factor depending on frequency = 3 for primary time constant Tp > 50ms
and the time constant for the
d.c component of fault current
IkZone-1 - Max. primary fundamental frequency current for faults at the end of Zone-1 reach(A)
Substituting for close-in fault
Ealreq = 18043 * 1 * 3 * 10 + 10.2 + 0.25 - as per Equation - 4
1600 12

= 691.83 V Say 700 Volts

For Zone-1 fault

Eal ≥ Ealreq = IkZone-1 * Isn * a * RCT + RL + SR (as per Equation – 5)
Ipn I r2

As zone-1 fault current is not known, this has to be calculated after knowing the
zone-1 fault current.
 2) REL 316 for Distance Protection – Main 2
(Catalogue no. CH-ES 45-12.30 E of ABBCH)

i) Knee point voltage for faults close to the relay location

E2Max > IkMax * Isn * a * RCT + RL + 0.2 formula from ABBCH

Ipn I r2
Where
IkMax - Maximum primary fault current = 18.043kA
Ipn - Primary nominal CT current = 1600A
Isn - Secondary nominal CT current = 1A
Ir - REL316 rated current = 1A (assumed but to be confirmed by ABBCH)
RCT - CT Secondary winding resistance = 10  as given by ABB, Sweden
RL - CT Secondary cable resistance = 10.2 for 500M of 4 Sq.mm Copper cable
as previous
a - factor depending on frequency = taken as 2 (from the graph in the relay catalogue
and the time constant for the for forward reach)
d.c component for forward faults

Substituting the values:

A) E2Max = 18043 * 1 * 2 * 10 + 10.2 + 0.2

1600 12

= 460.1V Say 470Volts

B) similarly for reverse response

Where a = 5 (from graph of fig – 1)

E2Max = 18043 * 1 * 5 * 10 + 10.2 + 0.2

1600 12

= 1150.24V Say 1160Volts

Therefore Minimum knee point voltage shall be > 1160 Volts

Maximum of the above A & B
ii) Knee point voltage for zone – 1 reach

E2Max > IkZone-1 * Isn * k * RCT + RL + 0.2

Ipn I r2

Where
IkZone-1 - Maximum primary fault current at Zone-1
Ipn - Primary nominal CT current = 1600A
Isn - Secondary nominal CT current = 1A
Ir - REL316 rated current = 1A (assumed but to be confirmed by ABBCH)
RCT - CT Secondary winding resistance = 10  as given by ABB Sweden
RL - CT Secondary cable resistance = 10.2  for 500M of 4 Sq.mm Copper cable
k - factor depending on frequency = taken as 10(from the graph in the relay catalogue)
and the time constant for the
d.c component for forward faults

As zone-1 fault current is not known, this has to be calculated after knowing the
zone-1 fault current.
 3) RET 670 (REx 670) for Transformer Differential
(as per chapter-3 of ABBCH catalogue)

Eal ≥ Ealreq = 30 * Int * Isn * RCT + RL + SR (Equation – 1)

Ipn I r2

Eal ≥ Ealreq = If * Isn * RCT + RL + SR (Equation – 3)

Ipn I r2

Where
Int - Rated primary current of power transformer
Primary current of 150MVA = 150000/(1.732*332) = 263A
20% Over Load = 263 * 1.2 = 325A
Ipn - Primary nominal CT current = 1600A
Isn - Secondary nominal CT current = 1A
Ir - REL316 rated current = 1A (assumed but to be confirmed by ABBCH)
RCT - CT Secondary winding resistance = 10  as given by ABB Sweden
RL - CT Secondary cable resistance = 10.2  for 500M of 4 Sq.mm Copper cable
SR - The burden of Rex670 a current input channel (VA). SR = 0.25VA/channel
If - Maximum primary fundamental frequency current that passes two main CTs without
passing the power transformer (A)
Assuming the maximum system fault current = 18.043 kA

Substituting the values:

Ealreq = 30 * 325 * 1 * 10 + 10.2 + 0.25 - as per Equation - 1

2
1600 1
= 124.61 V
Say 125 Volts

Eal ≥ 18043 * 1 * 10 + 10.2 + 0.25 - as per Equation - 3

1600 12
= 230.61 V
Say 250 Volts
Knee point voltage for transformer protection is = 250 Volts
Maximum of Equation – 1 & 2
4) REB 500 for Bus bar Protection
(Catalogue no. 1KHL020347-Aen of ABBCH)

1. CT used = 1600/1A, 5P20

2. Accuracy limiting factor = 20 as given for the CT

For arriving at CT requirement for BusBar protection the steps followed are based on the
recommendation as given by ABBCH vide their catalogue no. 1KHL020347-Aen

Step 1.
PB = PBG + 1 *2 I2Nsec (as per section 4.4.2 of relay catalogue)
X *A
Where
PBG = 3VA (assumed for this relay as per page 12 of REB 500)
X = 56 (from relay catalogue tables page 12 of REB 500)
A = 4 mm2
Substituting
PB = 3 + 1 * 2 12 = 3.1
56 *4

Step 2. n’ = n * PN + PE (as per section 4.4.2 of relay catalogue)

PB + PE
Where
PN = VA = 30VA (as per given CT)
PE = 1.5 (as per page-12 of Relay catalogue)
N = 20 ( as per CT details)
Substituting
n’ = 20 * 30 + 1.5 = 137
3.1+ 1.5
Step 3.
As per section 4.5.1 of relay catalogue,
IKS max
5 * IN Prim
Where
IKS max = Maximum Fault current = 40kA
IN Prim = Primary current = 1600A
 Substituting the value:
IKS max = 40000 =5
5 * IN Prim 5 * 1600

Step 4.
As per section 4.5.1 of relay catalogue,
a) n’ > IKS max
5 * IN Prim

ie 137 ≥ 5 Hence OK
As per relay catalogue
recommended
b) n’ ≥ 10 for TN ≤ 120 ms

ie 137 ≥ 10 Hence OK.

Since 137 is greater than both 5 and 10, the CT is OK

Therefore the CT proposed (1600/1A with RCT = 10  and 5P20) is found to be OK.

(However this calculation may please be verified by ABBCH)

Summary of C.T requirement for Ikot- Abasi substation

C.T Details
Sl. Knee point Voltage
Relay Description
No. Ratio Close-in Zone-1
Fault Fault
1 REL 670 Distance Protection – Main 1 1600/1 A 700V LATER
2 REL 316 Distance Protection – Main 2 1600/1 A 1160V LATER
3 RET 670 Transformer Differential Protection 1600/1 A 250V -
4 REB 500 Busbar Differential Protection 1600/1 A 5P20 -